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Energy Management

By
M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates
Energy Management
• Renewable and Non-Renewable.

• Renewable- Natural-Non Exhaustible .

• Non –Renewable- Exhaustible.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Electrical Energy

• Silent.

• Transmitted Over Long distances.

• Less Costly.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Electrical Energy

• Definition- Energy Efficiency :

“ Useful Energy is delivered


at a minimal cost ”

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy Conservation Act 2001.

• Government Enacted the Act on 29 September 2001.

“An act to provide for efficient use of energy and its


conservation & for matter connected therewith or
incidental thereto “

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy Conservation Act 2001.

• Bureau Of Energy Efficiency – BEE.

• Powers & Functions of Bureau

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


HIGH LIGHTS OF EC ACT-2001

 Act passed on 29Th Sep 2001,and called as “The Energy


Conservation Act- 2001”.
 It has total 10 chapters and 62 Sections.
 Area of application is to the whole India except the state of
Jammu and Kashmir
 Central Government established a Bureau to be called as
Bureau of Energy Efficiency for the purpose of this Act.
 The Act and the Bureau have come into operation from March
2002.
Energy Management
Energy Conservation

Short Term measures.


• 1. Energy conservation in Govt. Buildings.

• 2. Energy audit of Govt. Buildings.

• 3. Capacity Building amongst Depts. To take up


Energy efficiency Programmes.
M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates
Energy Management
Energy Conservation
Long Term measures-Potentials 42,000 MW.
• 1. Industry specific Task Forces.
• 2. Notifying more industries as designated consumers
• 3. Conduct of energy audit amongst notified designated
consumers
• 4.Recording and publication of best practices sector wise.
• 5. Development of energy consumption norms.
• 6. Monitoring of compliance with mandated provision by
designated consumers.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy Efficiency Improvement

Energy efficiency in Thermal utilities .


• Fuels & Combustion
• Boilers ,Furnaces and Steam system.
• Insulation and refractories.
• Cogeneration Process
• Waste and heat recovery

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy Efficiency Improvement

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy Efficiency Improvement

Energy efficiency in Thermal utilities .


• In conventional power plant, efficiency is only 35%
.Remaining 65% of energy is lost .
• The major source of loss in the conversion process is
the heat rejected to the surrounding.
• Also further losses of around 10–15% are associated
with the transmission and distribution of electricity in
the electrical grid.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy Efficiency Improvement

Energy efficiency in Cogeneration Process.


• The overall efficiency of energy use in
cogeneration mode can be up to 85 %

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy Efficiency Improvement –
» Cogeneration process

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy Efficiency Improvement

Energy efficiency in Cogeneration Process.


• Heat-to-Power Ratio
The ratio of thermal energy to electricity
required by the energy consuming Facility.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy Efficiency Improvement
Heat to power ratios:
Cogen. Heat /Power Power Overall Remarks
System Output efficiency.

Back Pr. 4-14.3 14-28 84-92


Steam
Ext-Cond 2-10 22-40 60-80
Steam
Gas turbine 1.3-2.0 24 -35 70-85

Combind 1-1.7 34-40 69-83


cycle

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy Efficiency Improvement

Energy efficiency in Electrical utilities .


• Electrical systems & electric motors.
• Compressed Air system.
• HVAC and refrigeration system.
• Fans and Blowers.
• Lighting system.
• Energy Efficient Technologies in Electrical systems

M.V.L. Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management

• Standards and labeling programmes.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Standards and labeling programme .

The Objectives .
• 1.Provide the consumer with choice of Energy saving&
thereby Cost saving potential.

• 2.Scheme launched by Hon'ble Minister of Power in


May,2006 and is currently invoked for
equipments/appliances as stated below:–

.
M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates
Energy Management
Standards and labeling programmes
1.Frost Free(No-Frost) refrigerator
2.Tubular Fluorescent Lamps
3. Room Air Conditioners
4. Direct Cool Refrigerator
5. Distribution Transformer
6. Induction Motors, Pump Sets , Ceiling Fans
8. Electric Geysers
9.Colour TV

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Standards and labeling programme .

.
• Refrigerators – CEC * Rating
Comparative Energy Consumption -kWH/ Year
Tested as per IS 15750:2006.
• Room Air conditioners – EER * Rating
Energy Efficiency ratio -W/W
Read in conjunction IS1391 Part 1 and Part 2

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Standards and labeling programme .

.
• Tubular Fluorescent Lamps- Lumens/W * Rating
Tested as per IS 2418 (part I) and (part II) – 1977

• Distribution Transformer - Energy Loss * Rating


. IS 1180 (part I) -including 200 kVA, 11 kV
• IS 2026 (part 2) & IS 2500 (part-I) -2000 for
Sampling Schemes indexed by Acceptance Quality Limit

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management

• Demand side management.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Demand side management.

Role of Distribution Utilities .


1.On Regulatory front:
Tariff & structures- Time Of use ( TOU)
- Time of day (TOD )
2. DSM & EE in domestic, commercial, agricultural, Public
Sector by end use Efficiency Improvement.

3. Financing Approach-Consumer Utility Participation.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Demand side management.

• Role of Govt. Acts (Energy Conservation) &


Setting of Monitoring Body (BEE)

• 1. Policy Changes in respect of Standards and


Labeling.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Demand side management.
Consumers - Benefits & Costs
• Consumers – Benefits • Consumers – Costs.

*Reduced Electricity Bills. * Monthly Installments.

*New Appliance / Equipment


Stock. * Bidder Payments.

*Multiple technologies.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Demand side management.
Utility - Benefits & Costs

• Utility – Benefits • Utility – Costs.

*Reduced Demand Charges. * Bidders payments .

* Capacity Offset. * Upfront Costs.

*Reduced Outages.

*Higher revenues.
M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates
Energy Management

• Standards and labeling programmes.

• Demand side management.

• Energy Conservation Building codes.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy conservation Building Codes(ECBC)

• Barriers to Energy Efficiency.


1.Lack of information about comparative energy use.
2.Riskdue to lack of confidence in performance of new
technologies
3.Higher cost of EE technologies.
4. Asymmetry in sharing of costs and benefits.-
especially in building sector.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy conservation Building Codes(ECBC)

• Barriers to Energy Efficiency.


• Most commercial buildings have energy performance
index (EPI)200 to 400 kWh/sq.m/yr
• 2 Similar buildings in North America and Europe have
EPI of less than 150 kWh/sq m/year.
• Energy-conscious building design has been shown to
reduce EPI to 100 to 150 kWh/sq /yr.
• Large scale energy-efficient building design is limited

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy conservation Building Codes(ECBC)

Average Energy Consumption.

• HVAC 55%
• LIGHTING 14%
• Electronics 27 %
• Others 4%

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy conservation Building Codes(ECBC)

Average Energy Consumption.


• ECBC finalized after extensive consultation.
• Voluntary introduction of ECBC in May2007.
• Mandatory after capacity building and
implementation experience

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy conservation Building Codes(ECBC)

Average Energy Consumption.

• Impact of ECBC-Reduced Energy Use for


buildings:
• National Benchmark~180kWh/m2/year

• ECBC Compliant building ~110kWh /m2 /Yr.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Energy conservation Building Codes(ECBC)
Average Energy Consumption.
• Base Building-IIT Kanpur.EPI = 240 kWh/m2per annum
• After Envelope Optimization**
• EPI = 208 kWh/m2per annum
• After Lighting optimization**
• EPI = 168 kWh/m2per annum.
• After HVAC optimization**
• EPI = 133 kWh/m2per annum .
• After Controls on Energy management **
• EPI = 98 kWh/m2per annum
M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates
Energy Management

• Standards and labeling programmes.

• Demand side management.

• Energy Conservation Building codes.

• Professional certification & accreditation.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Professional certification & Accreditation

• Supply side Energy Conservation.

• Energy Audit – conservation to Cost benefits.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management

• Alternative energy Sources.


• Solar energy:::
• Hydro Electric Energy :::
• Wind Energy :::
• Nuclear Energy:::
• Geo thermal Energy:::
• Tidal Energy:::

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Renewable energy

• Capacity of 100 MW Solar Power to be added


soon.
• Railways to set up 1000MW captive power
with Nuclear Power corporation of India.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Alternative energy Sources.

• Solar energy
1. Solar energy is the most readily available and free source of
energy
2.Solar energy equivalent of 15000 times world’s commercial
Energy consumption reaches earth every Year.
3. India receives 5- 7.5 kWh/m2 for over 300 days Equivalent to
setting up 20 MW Solar Power plant per Sq. Km area.
4. Solar energy is used as –Solar thermal & Solar electric.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Alternative energy Sources.

• Solar Thermal Energy Devices


• Low-Grade Heating Devices - up to 100°C. Eg. Solar
water heaters, air-heaters, solar cookers Etc.

• Medium-Grade Heating Devices- 100 to 300°C. Eg. Box


Type / Parabolic Type reflectors Cookers.

• High-Grade Heating Devices –above 300°C

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Alternative energy Sources.

• Solar Photo Voltaic Devices .

1. A single cell is 1.5 watts and can be connected to


form a panel to get up to 150 Watts.(12V)

2. Panels can be connected to form a solar array- for


higher Outputs.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Alternative energy Sources

• Solar Photo Voltaic Devices .


• Some applications for PV systems are :-
1.Lighting for commercial buildings.
2.Outdoor (street) Lighting and in Rural & Village Lighting.
3. Solar Water Pumps- In solar water pumping system
photovoltaic array mounted on a stand and a motor-
pump set compatible with the photovoltaic array.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Alternative energy Sources.

• Wind energy
1. Indian Potential is ~ 20000 MW.
2 Total installed capacity of wind electric generators in
the world as on Sept. 2001 is 23270 MW.
3 India has a installed capacity of 1426 MW.
4 Central Govt. Assistance and Incentives Financial &
technical

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Alternative energy Sources.

• Wind energy
1. Indian Potential is ~ 20000 MW.
Two Types Wind turbines :
• 1.Vertical-axis wind turbines, in which the axis of
rotation is vertical with respect to the ground (and
roughly perpendicular to the wind stream),
• 2. Horizontal-axis turbines, in which the axis of rotation
is horizontal with respect to the ground.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Alternative energy Sources.

• Wind energy

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Alternative energy Sources.

• Wind energy Application

Utility interconnected wind turbines generate


power, synchronous with the grid.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Alternative energy Sources.
• Wind energy Application

• Utility interconnected wind turbines generate
power, synchronous with the grid.
• Wind turbines for remote homes (off the grid)
generate DC current for battery Charging.

M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates


Energy Management
Alternative energy Sources.
• Wind energy Application
• Utility interconnected wind turbines generate
power, synchronous with the grid.

• Wind turbines for remote homes (off the grid)


generate DC current for battery Charging.

• Wind turbines for remote water pumping


generate 3 phase AC current.
M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates
Energy Management
Alternative energy Sources.
• Wind energy Application
• Utility interconnected wind turbines generate
power, synchronous with the grid.
• Wind turbines for remote homes (off the grid) generate
DC current for battery Charging.
• Wind turbines for remote water pumping generate 3
phase AC current.
• Wind turbines for residential or village scale wind power
range from 500 Watts to 50 kilowatts.
M.V.L.Narasimhan & Associates

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