NANDA SEPTIA EKA PUTRI

09/281748/PA/12432

MATHEMATICS FOR CHEMISTRY

“DIFFERENTIAL EXACT”

Test the following differentials for exactness:

nR nRT
1. dP  dT  2 dV ; n and R are constants
V V
2. dV  r 2 dh  2rhdr
nRT
3. dq  nCvdT  dV ; n, Cv and R are constants
V
PM M
4. d   2
dT  dP ; M and R are constants
RT RT
n2a
5. dE  nCvdT  2 dV ; n, Cv and a are constants
V

Solutions:

nR nRT
1. dP  dT  2 dV ; n and R are constants
V V
nR nRT
Since M(T,V) = , and N(T,V) =  2 .
V V
nR  nRT
) ( ( )
M (T , V ) nR N (T ,V ) V2 nR
Then  V   2 , and   2 .
V V V T T V
M (T , V ) N (T , V ) nR
Because the result of = =  2 so the equation of
V T V
nR nRT
dP  dT  2 dV is a differential exact.
V V

Differential Exact --Mathematics for Chemistry – Chemistry – Faculty of Mathematics and Science – Gadjah Mada University --2010
 2. dV  r 2 dh  2rhdr
Since M(h,r) = r 2 , and N(h,r) = 2rh .
M (h, r ) r 2 N ( h, r )  ( 2rh)
Then   2r , and   2r .
r r h h
M ( h, r ) N ( h, r )
Because the result of   2r so the equation of
r h
dV  r 2 dh  2rhdr is a differential exact.

nRT
3. dq  nCvdT  dV ; n, Cv and R are constants
V
nRT
Since M(T,V) = nCv, and N(T,V) = .
V
nRT
( )
M (T , V )  ( nCv ) N (T , V ) V  nR .
Then   0 , and 
V V T T V
M (T , V ) N (T , V )
Because the result of  so the equation of
V T
nRT
dq  nCvdT  dV is a differential unexact.
V

PM M
4. d   2
dT  dP ; M and R are constants
RT RT

PM M
Since M(T,P)=  2
, and N(T,P)= .
RT RT
PM M
 ( ) ( )
Then
M (T , P )
 RT   M , and N (T , P)  RT   M .
2

P P RT 2 T T RT 2
M (T , P ) N (T , P ) M
Because the result of   so the equation of
P T RT 2
PM M
d   2
dT  dP is a differential exact.
RT RT

Differential Exact --Mathematics for Chemistry – Chemistry – Faculty of Mathematics and Science – Gadjah Mada University --2010
 n2a
5. dE  nCvdT  dV ; n, Cv and a are constants
V2
n2a
Since M(T,V) = nCv, and N(T,V) = 2 .
V
n2a
( )
M (T , V )  ( nCv ) N (T ,V ) V2 0.
Then   0 , and 
V V T T
M (T , V ) N (T , V )
Because the result of   0 so the equation of
V T
n2a
dE  nCvdT  2 dV is a differential exact.
V

From the solutions then known that:

nR nRT
1. dP  dT  2 dV ; n and R are constants
V V
(Differential exact equation).
2. dV  r 2 dh  2rhdr
(Differential exact equation).
nRT
3. dq  nCvdT  dV ; n, Cv and R are constants
V
(Differential unexact equation).
PM M
4. d   2
dT  dP ; M and R are constants
RT RT
(Differential exact equation).
n2a
5. dE  nCvdT  dV ; n, Cv and a are constants
V2
(Differential exact equation).

Differential Exact --Mathematics for Chemistry – Chemistry – Faculty of Mathematics and Science – Gadjah Mada University --2010