Assignment: Microwave circuits

Name: Sujay Pujari.

M.tech. Comm.sys.

Roll no. : 208109013

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Problem statement:

“Reverse Engineering on any good IEEE paper, and To implement it in layout format.
Using any of the programming language you know.”
Approach:

I selected paper published in the year 2008; presented by Yao, Zhao and Cao. ; titled as:

”A UWB Bandpass Filter with Multi Notched Bands Using Microstrip /Coplanar Waveguide”

Programming language:

Matlab.

Simulation software:

Zeland’s IE3D

Abstract:
• In this paper, a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with multi
narrow notched (rejection) bands in the UWB passband, which is realized on a
microstrip line, is presented and implemented .
• Such UWB bandpass filter with notched band is required in practical systems in order to
avoid the interference between the UWB radio system and existing radio systems.
• The notched band can be easily adjusted to some specific frequency band(s) by tuning the
length of the slot lines on the bottom of the coplanar waveguide (CPW).
• The UWB bandpass filter with notched bands has been carried out by related simulations,
designs, fabrications and measurements. The filter proposed has demonstrated relative
excellent ultra-wide bandwidth and notched bands performance compared with
references.
Work can be divided into 2 parts:
A) To understand:

1) Understanding UWB

2) Design UWB bandpass filter

3) Insert notches

4) Simulation

B) Design:

1) Matlab based layout

2) Simulation result
A) To know…

1) Understanding UWB

2) Design UWB bandpass filter

3) Insert notches

4) Simulation
 1) Ultra-wideband
(UWB: 3.1 -10.6 GHz)

Frequency spectrum for indoor and hand-held wireless communications in early 2002 [1],

Owing to the rapid development of broadband wireless communication systems, there is

an increasing demand for wideband bandpass filters. In recent years, many frequency bands
have been released for high-speed wireless broadband commercial applications.

Ultra-wideband (UWB: 3.1GHz-10.6GHz) was released for unlicensed usage

by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) in 2002, which leads to wide
exploration on the development of wideband/UWB wireless communication systems.
The realization of such wireless communication systems operating for FCC spectral
masks calls for broadband bandpass filters (BPFs). It is known that the integration of the filters
with the other circuits via series and shunt circuit topologies is inevitable, especially at the
millimeter-wave frequency regime.
In regard to this concern, the filter design exploiting the coplanar- waveguide (CPW)
structure appears to be a relatively easy means for filter realization.
 2) UWB bandpass filter:
For that they have referred Ref. 13:

N. Thomson, and J.-S. Hong, “Compact Ultra-Wideband Microstrip /Coplanar Waveguide

Bandpass Filter,” IEEE Microw .Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 184–186, Mar. 2007
In this letter, a novel compact microstrip/CPW filtering structure has been
proposed for designing UWB BPFs. It comprises of a single CPW quarter wavelength resonator
coupled to two parallel microstrip open-circuited stubs on the other side of a common substrate,
forming a very compact three-pole filter with a size only amounting to 0.25 by 0.08 guided
wavelength at the center frequency 6.4 GHz.
For cpw,

For 6.4 GHZ(centre frequency ): λg/4=c/4*(f*er-cpw)=8.8 mm

Here L2=8.8mm

And W2=8.8*7/22=2.8mm.

For microstrip,

For 6.4 GHZ(centre frequency ): λg/4=c/4*(f*er-mcs)=7.4 mm

Here L2=8.8mm

And W2=7.4*7/22=2.4mm.
3) Insert Notches
In this work, a compact UWB filter with two notched bands is designed and fabricated. The
notched bands are introduced by etching two additional slot-lines on the ground, which are
About λg / 4 long at the desired center frequencies.
For example to introduce notch For 7 GHZ:
λg /4=c/4*(f*er)=6.13 mm slot is inserted in between.
W0, W1 is depends on input impedance and loss requirement.
Gap g varying from .4 to 1.6; so that it will ensure that u slot is shorted by microstrip structure.
Also s1, s2, w3 are .2mm fixed
Ref:
4) Simulation:
Insertion loss - s11 has to be flat nature in pass band

And after insertion of notches it should show sudden change in loss.

Anyhow center frequency is near to 6.2 GHz only.

 B > DESIGN

1) Matlab based layout

2) Simulation result
 1) Matlab based layout

I)
Using,
Partial Differential Equation Toolbox

pderect(xy)

Draws a rectangle with corner coordinates defined by xy=[xmin xmax ymin ymax].

If the pdetool GUI is not active, it is automatically started, and the rectangle is drawn in an
empty geometry model.The optional argument label assigns a name to the rectangle (otherwise a
default name is chosen).The state of the Geometry Description matrix inside pdetool is updated
to include the rectangle. You can export the Geometry Description matrix from pdetool by
selecting the Export.

Calculation:

Let er =3.05,

L2=

For 6.2 GHZ: λg/4=c/4*(f*er)=6.926 mm

For 7 GHZ: λg/4=c/4*(f*er)=6.13 mm
For 5 GHZ: λg/4=c/4*(f*er)=8.588 mm

And
W2=L2/Π=6.13*7/22=2mm
1) Without notches

Upper layer
Bottom layer
2) With notch at freq(GHZ):4,5 & 9Ghz and center freq. =6.4Ghz

You can see as freq increases strip length decreases

II)

Using,
annotation('rectangle',[x y w h]) creates a rectangle annotation with the lower left corner of the
rectangle at the point x,y, a width w, and a height h, specified in normalized figure units. Specify
x, y, w, and h in a single vector.

1) Without notches

enter e_eff=3.05

enter value of center frequency in GHz=6.2

enter gap (.4 to 1.6)=.5

enter notches(0 to 3)=0 >>

Increased gap and change in frequency

enter e_eff=3.05

enter value of center frequency in GHz=8

enter gap (.4 to 1.6)=1

enter notches(0 to 3)=0 >>

2) With notch at freq(GHZ):

enter e_eff=3.05

enter value of center frequency in GHz=6.2

enter gap (.4 to 1.6)=.5

enter notches(0 to 3)=2

enter value of center frequency in GHz= UWB preferably beyond centre freq

F1:7

F2:5 >>
Now ,to have overall idea using transperency ‘full2.m’

Now ,after scaling to get actual printable layout format using ‘16.10.9-1.42pm.m’
 2) Simulation result-IE3D
Simulation has been done only for Ref 13, in which UWB bandpass filter was designed and
simulated.

We will try to obtain same results.

Following steps to be followed,

1) define parameters

er =3.05, Z=0.508 mm, Loss tangent =0.

2) Calculate bounds for rectangular strips: by considering its made up of group of metal
strips (rect).

3) Define ports

2d Layout in meshgrid of ie3d

Simulation Result (obtained) :

From 1GHz to 12GHz, with interval of 10MHz.

Plotted only for Port2 as its symmetrical device.

Simulation Result (Desired) :

Both results are almost same in UWB region and identical near center frequency.

Conclusion:
 Using Matlab, and considering some assumptions, constraint similar layout is obtained,
but which is more generic, due to user accessible data. User has to mention er and notch freq.’s
only.

Simulation result obtained is nearly following same path or trend.

Limitation or Future modification:

• GUI

• No need of er ,from eeff only he can calculate

• Limitation on no of notches -4 to 5

Bibliography /Ref.:

• R.N.Simon: coplanar waveguide filter

• www.Ieeeexplore.org

• www.google.com

• IE3D-Zealand

• Matlab

…12/11/9….

THANK YOU……………………….

Special thanks to Seniors who help me to learn IE3D.