Hospital Laboratory

Done at
DEPAUL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ANGAMALY

Submitted by

JERIN S PULIKODAN
(Reg. No. A8A4720391)

Under the Guidance of

Miss.Ambily Premitha
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the award of the degree of

Master of Computer Applications

Of Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam

October 2009
DE PAUL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (DIST)
ANGAMALY SOUTH, KERALA
(Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam)
 DE PAUL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
&
TECHNOLOGY (DIST)

ANGAMALY SOUTH, KERALA

(Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project work entitled

HOSPITAL LABAROTERY
Submitted to the Mahatma Gandhi University
In partial fulfillment of the requirement
For the award of the Degree of
Master of Computer Applications
is a bonafide record of the work done by

ANILA R
(Reg. No. 81125)

at
DEPAUL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY , ANGAMALY

Signature of the Guide Head of the Department

Submitted for the viva-voce examination held on………………………..

Principal External Examiner
 DECLARATION

I REMYA.K.U, hereby declare that the project

entitled “SCHOOL FEES COLLECTION” under the guidance of Mrs.
Sherly Prakash in partial fulfillment of the award of degree in
Bachelor of Computer Application of MK University,
MADURAI,during the year 2009 -2010 is my original work. The
empirical finding of the report is based on the data collected by
myself and I have not copied from any report submitted to any
university either this year or any previous year.

Place: Angamaly JERIN S PULIKODAN

Date : 27/10/09
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the very outset I am very grateful to god almighty for his blessings showered upon us to
complete our project.
I am highly indebted to Fr.SEBASTIAN MAPILLAPARAMBIL, Principal, De Paul Institute of
Science & Technology for giving me the opportunity to do and complete this project inside the
college. I express my heartfelt gratitude to Mr. Jacob Thaliyan, head of the department of
computer science, DIST ANGAMALY, for her valuable guidance, co-operation and
encouragements through out the project work. I express my sincere thanks to Mr. Raju
Tharayil , lecturer for the invaluable guidance and support in leading me to complete this
project successfully .I also express my heartfelt thanks to Mrs,Sherly Prakash,guide in this
project and other faculties for their kind cooperation and valuable suggestions throughout the course
of my project.
May I take this opportunity to infer my gratitude towards the Lab Administrator Mr. Thomas
and other lab faculties for their kind consideration and assistance.
My heartfelt thanks to all my friends for their constant help and encouragement during the
preparation and presentation of this project.
And last, not least, I extend my heartfelt thanks to my beloved parents, whose keen interest,
encouragement and blessings were always there as a source of strength and without which would
never have reached this point.
REMYA K.U
 SYNOPSIS
TITLE OF PROJECT : SCHOOL FEE COLLECTION

NAME OF ORGANIZATION : D’SOFT SOLUTIONS

TOOLS USED : VB.NET AND SQL SERVER

FRONT END : VB.NET 2008

Features:

Visual Basic. Net is software developed by Microsoft, which can be used to

build windows-based and Web-based applications. It contains all the features provided
by the .Net framework, which are the services necessary to develop and deploy
applications. Visual Basic. Net has an integrated environment. that comprises of the
menus ,the form window, the code window, the project window, the properties window
and the toolbox. VB. Net is a fully object-oriented languages, providing inheritance
,polymorphism, encapsulation, overloading and overriding. The toolbox that comes in-
built with visual basic is an array of important control, timer control and button among
others. It is also event-driven.

BACK END : SQL SERVER 2005

Features:

Microsoft SQL Server is a relational model database server produced by

Microsoft. Its primary query languages are T-SQL and ANSI SQL. SQL Server 2005
(codenamed Yukon), released in October 2005, is the successor to SQL Server
2000. It included native support for managing XML data, in addition to relational
data. SQL Server 2005 introduced "MARS" (Multiple Active Results Sets), a
method of allowing usage of database connections for multiple purposes. SQL
Server 2005 has also been enhanced with new indexing algorithms, syntax and
better error recovery systems. SQL Server 2005 introduced DMVs (Dynamic
Management Views), which are

Specialized views and functions that return server state information that can be
used to monitor the health of a server instance, diagnose problems, and tune
performance.

Some main features of Sql server

• Internet integration
• Scalability and availability
• Enterprise level database features
• Ease of installation, deployment and use
• Data warehousing

PROJECT DESCRIPTION :

The problem with the current system for collecting the students fees is a
tedious task since it is manual. Also, if there is any change in details regarding a
student, updating the details is also very difficult and it also requires a lot of
paperwork and manpower. Keeping all this in mind this new system is developed
which address all the issues prevailing in the current system and eliminated each and
every one of them.
The objective of this project is to computerize fee collection in schools which
provide efficient and faster methods that simplifies the task of fee collection. This
software collect fees from students term wise and there is separate fees structure for
 each class Fees for students are calculated according to their class with necessary
considerations for fee concession etc. It also assign appropriate fine for students if
the date limit exceeds.

ADVANTAGES :
The main objective of the project is to improve the capability of the manual
system. There some advantages over the manual system:
• Provides efficient and faster method for fee calculation and collection.
• Provides necessary fees details of students.
• Updations of records are easier.
• Makes the system more accurate, error free and faster.
• User-friendly environment help the authorized person to operate the
software even with less computer knowledge.
• Hardcopies of the requested information can be generated ie, necessary
reports are generated.
• provide efficient storage for all details

Through this software the effort is to convert the current system of

managing data manually into a computerized system, so that the system becomes
more efficient, faster, and secure and error free and which will satisfy all the system
requirement specification.
.
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE
SPECIFICATIONS
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

To develop this system it requires hardware as well as software support.

The recommended specification is the following configuration.

Hardware requirements:

Processor : Intel Pentium IV or above

Hard disk : 40 GB

Ram : 512MB

Keyboard : Standard

Monitor : 14” Color monitor

Printer : Laser Printer

Mouse : Standard

Software requirements:

Operating system : Windows Xp/2000

Front end : Microsoft VB.Net 2008

Back end : SQL Server 2005

Visual Basic .NET 2005

Visual Basic (VB) is a programming language based on the original DOS

language called BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code). VB.NET
2005, an offshoot of Visual Basic, is an object-oriented programming language based
on VB that is implemented using the Microsoft .NET framework. The basic syntax of
the Visual Basic language remains unchanged in VB.NET 2005, but includes
additional features such as structured exception handling and short circuited
expressions to enhance the infrastructure of the programming language. Developers
have found VB.NET to be controversial as some of the software and developmental
changes clash with the original language within VB and have caused compatibility
issues. Visual Studio .NET is the predominant integrated development environment
(IDE) that VB.NET developers employ.

Visual Basic programmers supporting VB.NET indicate that language

constructs and user interface features in the newer system have caused programming
issues within the original VB system. Developers using VB.NET recognize that the
upgraded VB system incorporates contemporary object oriented programming
paradigms in a more stable environment than was originally thought possible.

Visual Basic .NET is a programming language that can be used to create

winforms or webapp applications and create programming based in any object-
oriented programming language (OOP), ADO.NET, Multithreading or Windows
Services. VB.NET programming utilizes concepts connected to string encryption,
forms inheritance, regular expressions and deployment.
 .

Microsoft SQL Server 2000

SQL SERVER 2000 is a client server model relational database management

system. Structured query language is the set of commands that allow you to modify or
retrieve information from the database. Client server means that SQL SERVER is
designed to store data in the central location and deliver it on demand to numerous
other locations (client).

Features of SQL SERVER

 Representation of data
In SQL SERVER data represented in terms of rows and columns of the
table. Data stored as table can be easily visualized, because we encounter data
stored in tables in everyday life. For example customer details can be referenced
as a table.

 Row definition
The relational model requires each row to be uniquely defined by at least
one or more columns of the table. The unique row requirement ensures that each
row in the table can be accessed and changed independently from each other row
of the table. It means a change made to a row does not affect the other rows. SQL
SERVER supports this feature very strongly. In SQL SERVER we can make each
row of a table unique by using the feature called as constraints

 Systematic Treatment of Null Values

SQL SERVER like other RDBMS treats null values zeros and blanks
differently. while creating a table, one can specify whether a field allows null values
or not.
 Reliable access of data
In SQL SERVER, a data that can be stored across tables in one or more
databases can be combined using a query.

 Update, Insert And Delete

In SQL SERVER if a record is updated or deleted in the master table the
corresponding table in other table is also updated or dropped. This process of
ensuring that corresponding record of related tables are maintained to keep the
relationship intact is called referential integrity.

Microsoft SQL SERVER Tools

Enterprise Manager

SQL SERVER enterprise manager is a graphical tool that allows easy

configuration and management of SQL and SQL objects.
Oracle enterprise manager can also be used to

 Manage logins, permissions and users.

 Create database.
 Take backup of databases and transactions logs.
 Manage Tables.
Query Analyzer

The SQL SERVER query analyzer allows you to create adhoc queries and run
them interactively. You may also execute transact SQL statements stored in text file
and view the result in result plane or result grid. The analyzer also has a colored-
coded editor to assist the user with checking of syntax. it also has context sensitive
help.
Queries are processed in two steps:

 Interpret –First the queries are checked for the syntax.

 Execute – then the processing take place.
ABOUT WINDOWS XP

One of the concerns of computer industry is ease of communication. We

need to confront the human computer communication with a revolutionary approach.
Ironically, the oldest form of written expression through has simulated this. It is
believed that the left hemisphere of the brain thinks analytical and logically, and the
right hemisphere of the brain think in a more intuitive and artistic sense.

Windows XP is totally GUI-based operating system. Now see that are the major
features that make an OS or an application GUI-based. Windows XP is a line of
operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including
home and business desktops, notebook computers, and media centers. The name
"XP" stands for eXPerience. Windows XP is the successor to both Windows 2000
Professional and Windows Me, and is the first consumer-oriented operating system
produced by Microsoft to be built on the Windows NT kernel (version 5.1) and
architecture. Windows XP was first released on October 25, 2001.

The main features of windows XP operatin system are

• Easier to use

• Easier to manage

• More compatible

• More powerful

Easier to use

With Windows XP, you have faster access to information,and you are able to
accomplish tasks more quickly and easily.
Windows XP professional makes it easier to:

• Work with files

• Find information

• Personalize your computing environment

• Work on the web

• Work remotely

Easier to manage

You and your network administrators can work more efficiently now, Because
many of the most common computer-management tasks are automated and
streamlined with windows XP

.With Windows XP, your workstation will be easier to:

• Setup

• Administrated

• Supported

More compatible

Windows XP offers increased compatibility with different types of networks and with a
wide array of legacy hardware and software.

Windows XP also provides

• Increased support for new-generation hardware and multimedia technologies.

• Integration of the new Euro currency symbol.

More Powerful
For all your computing needs,Windows XP provides:

• Industrial-strength reliability

• The highest level of security

• Powerful performance

Scalability

The ability to run on a single pc chip with a single user up to a multi-user,

microprocessor and network installation.

The most common editions of the operating system are Windows XP Home
Edition, which is targeted at home users, and Windows XP Professional, which has
additional features such as support for Windows Server domains and two physical
processors, and is targeted at power users and business clients. Windows XP is
known for its improved stability and efficiency over the 9x versions of Microsoft
Windows. It presents a significantly redesigned graphical user interface, a change
Microsoft promoted as more user-friendly than previous versions of Windows. It is
also the first version of Windows to use product activation to combat software piracy,
a restriction that did not sit well with some users and privacy advocates.
SYSTEM DESIGN
 SYSTEM DESIGN

Design is the first step in the development phase for any engineered product or system.
Design is a creative process; a good design is the key to effective system. The term “Design” is
defined as “The process of applying various techniques and principles for the purpose of defining a
process or a system in sufficient detail to permit its physical realization.” It may be defined as the
process of applying various techniques and principles for the purpose of defining a device, a process
or a system in sufficient detail to permit its physical realization.
Software design sits at the technical kernel of the software engineering process and is applied
regardless of the development paradigm that is used .For a project management point of view,
software design is conducted in two steps: Preliminary design is concerned with the transformation of
requirements in to data and software architecture. Detail design focuses on refinement to the
architectural representation that lead to detail algorithm data structure and representation of software.
In system design high-end decisions are taken regarding the basic system architecture,
platform and tools to be used the system design transforms a logical representation of what a given
system is required to be in the physical specification. sign starts with the system requirement
specification and converts it to a physical reality during the development .Important design factors
,such as reliability response time, throughput of the system maintainability, expandability etc should
be taken into account.

The system design includes:-

 Modularization
 Input design
 Output design
 Table design
MODULARIZATION
MODULARIZATION
The project “SCHOOL FEES COLLECTION SYSTEM “ IS DEVELOPED TO IMPART A
CHANGE FROM THE TRADITIONAL MANUAL way of managing data by making the
current system computerized so that the management becomes more effective
.this software reduces the strain of the people who are responsible for collecting
the fees in schools and also in the preparation of the necessary reports.
The project constitutes of mainly modules. These modules are the integral part
of this system.
The modules are:

1. Class Settings and its Updation.

2. Student Details Entry and its Updation.
3. Fees structure and last date settings and its updation.
4. Fees collection.
5. Reports

Class Settings
This module deals with the class details. It consists of adding of new classes with
division specified and its updation and deletion

Student Details

This module deals with the student details. This module consists of adding,
editing details of the students who are studying in the institution.
Fees structure and last date settings
The module deals with the fees structure .It sets the term wise fees
and the last date of payment for each term for every year. Its updation is also
possible.

Fees collection
This module deals with the collection of fees from students .this is the
main module.
Fees collected from student’s term wise and necessary fine is allotted if
they fail to pay on the specified date and bill is also generated.

. Reports

This module handles almost all the details and enquiries dealt in this system
based on user. Date wise report of fees collection is possible. And also class wise
report of students those who paid and not is generated.
INPUT DESIGN
INPUT DESIGN:

The input design is the link that ties the information system into the users world.
Input specifications describe the manner in which data enters the system for
processing. Input design features can ensure the reliability of the system and
produce results from accurate data, or they can result in the production of
erroneous information. Input design consists of

• Developing specifications and procedures for data preparation

• Steps necessary to put data into a usable form for processing.

• Data entry, the activity of putting data into the computer processing.

Objectives of input design

Five objectives of design input focus on
• Controlling the amount of input required
• Avoid delay
• Avoiding errors in data
• Avoiding extra steps
• Keeping the process simple
Input designs are aimed at reducing the chances of mistakes of errors. As the
human beings are prone to errors there is always a possibility of occurrence of chance of errors
.Adequate validation checks are incorporated to ensure error free data storage. All the input screens
used here have script validations for null checking and data types wherever necessary. All the
programs inserting data to the table checks the length of the values in addition to the data type
verification. They also prompt the entry of values in mandatory fields
Some of the data validation checks applied is as following:
• Redundancy of data is checkedIt means the records of primary key do not occur twice.
• Primary key field of any table must not be left blank.
• Wherever items are coded,input code is checked for its validity with respect to several checks.
• Atmost care has been taken to incorporate the validation at each stage of the system..

Enough messages and dialogue boxes are provided while design screen,which does
guide user at the time of any errors or at time of entry.This feature provides a userfriendly
interface to native users.
OUTPUT DESIGN
OUTPUT DESIGN

A quality output is one, which meets the requirements of the end user and
presents the information clearly. In any systems results of processing are
communicated to the user and to other systems through outputs. In the output design
it is determined how the information is to be displayed for immediate need and also
the hard copy output. It is the most important and direct source information to the user
.Efficient and intelligent output design improves the system’s relationship the user and
helps in decision making.

The output generally refers to the results and information that is generated
from the system.Outputs from computers is required primarily to communicate the
results of processing to the users. They are also used to provide a permanent copy of
these results for later consultation

Objective of Output Design are:

 Design output to serve the intended purpose

 Design output to fit the user.
 Deliver the appropriate quantity of output.
 Assure that output is where it is needed.
 Provide output on time.
 Choose the right output method.

Output in this project is in the form of reports. The main Reports taken are:-

 Fees paid details of a class between two dates.

TABLE DESIGN

DATABASE DESIGN

Database design is an integrated approach to file design. This activity deals with
the design of the physical database. All entities and attributes have been identified
while creating a database. A database is a collection of interrelated data stored with
minimum redundancy to serve many users quickly and efficiently. In database design
data independence, accuracy, privacy and security are given higher priority. The
normalization process simplifies data structures and removes redundancy and
unnecessary data item from a database Data base management system builds some
form of constraints like integrity constraints, ie. the primary key/ unique key and
referential integrity which help to keep data structure storage and access of data from
tables efficiently and accurately and take necessary steps to concurrent access of
data and avoid redundancy of data in tables by normalization criterions.

The database design deals with the grouping of data into a number pf tables
so as to

 Reduce duplication of the data

 Simplify functions like adding, modifying and deleting
 Retrieve the data efficiently

Normalization is the method of breaking down complex table structures into

simple table structures by using certain rules thus reduce redundancy and
inconsistency and disk space usage and thus increase the performance of the system
or application which is directly linked to the database design and also solve the
problems of anomalies.
 There are different types of normalization, they are:

 First normal form (1NF)

 Second Normal form, (2NF)

 Third Normal form (3NF)

 Boyce-Codd Normal form

 Forth Normal Form (4NF)

 Fifth Normal Form (5NF)

The Data Base design of this new system is in third normal form and the
third normal form defines that it must be in 2nd normal form and every non key
attribute is functionally depend only on the primary key.
Table design

Table name : STUDENT

FIELD NAME TYPE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION

FIELD TYPE SIZE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
SID
NAME Varchar Primary Key Student ID

LID Int Primary Key Late entry ID

NAME Varchar Student Name

SID Varchar 30 Student ID

BID Int Batch id

LDate Datetime Current Date

CID Varchar Course Id

Reason Varchar 100 Reason For Late

Table name : BATCH

FIELD TYPE SIZE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION

NAME

BID Int Primary Key Batch ID

Table name : COURSE

FIELD TYPE SIZE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
NAME

CID Varchar 10 Primary Key Course ID

CName Varchar 30 Course name

SOFTWARE TESTING
SYSTEM TESTING

System testing is vital for the success of any software system.It is done to check whether the
system has any bugs . In this phase ,several tests and validations will be carried out on modules to
check for their functionality .Testing and debugging is a very critical case in system development .The
quality of the system is confirmed by the thorougness of its testing .Duration and cost of testing and
debugging is a significant fraction of the system development cycle and hence influences overall
productivity during the system development .In this phase the errors in the program or module are
localized and modifications are done to eliminate them.
Some of the methods for system testing are given below:

Unit testing

Unit testing is carried out screen-wise, each screen being identified as an object.Attention is
diverted to individual modules,independently to one another to locate errors.This has enabled the
detection of errors in coding and logic.

Unit testing:-

Module interface is tested to ensure that information [roperly flows into and put of the program under
test.

Local data structures are examined to ensure that data stored temporarily maintains its integrity during
all steps ihn algorithm execution.

Boundary condition is tested to ensure that the module operates properly at boundaries established to
limit or restrict processing.

All independent paths through the control structures are executed to ensure that all statements in the
module have been executed at least once.

Error handling paths are also tested.

This test focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design, the module.Here, the
module interfaces, Local data structures ,boundary conditions and all independent paths and last but
not the least, all error handling paths were verified by inputting false data.Tests of data flow across
each module interface of this software were done before any other test was initiated..

Integrated testing

Integration testing is a systematic technique for constructing the program structure while at the same
time conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing.Unit tested module were taken and
a single program structure was built that has been dictated by the design.Incremental integration has
adopted here.
 The entire software was developed and tested in small segments,where errors were easy to locate
and rectify.Program builds were constructed corresponding to the successful testing of user
interaction,data manipulation analysis,and display processing and database management .These tests
can also be performed

1. Top down integration

2. Bottom up integration

Validation testing

Validation testing is done to ensure complete assembly of the error-free software.Validation can be
termed successful only if it functions in manner.Reasonably expected by the customer under
validation is alpha and beta testing.Alpha testing is where the enduser tests the system rather than the
developer,but in a controlled environment.

The software is used on a natural setting with the developer monitoring the user using the
system.The developer reords the errors and usage promblkems encountered by the user.

Beta test can be said as the live application of the software von an environment that cannot be
controlled by the developer .The sales person takes down the problems encountered during beta testing
and reports these to the developer at regular intervals.The developer makes suitable modifications to
the software henceforth.

System testing

System testing is actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose to fully exercise the
computer based system.Each test works to verify that all system elements have been properly
integrated.Types of system tests are:

1. .Recovery testing

2. security testing

3. Stress testing

4. Performance testing
Output Testing

The system should produce the required output is on screen and in printed
format. The output format on the screen is to be format that designed in the system
design phase according to user needs. For the hard copy also, the output comes out
as the specified requirements by the user.

Acceptance Tests

User acceptance of a system is the factor for the success of any system. If
the users of the system cannot digest the nature of the system, the project would fail.

 Input screen testing

 Output screen testing

Preparation of testing data plays a vital role in the system testing. After
preparing the test data the system under study is tested using the test data. While
testing the system, errors are again uncovered and corrected by using the above
testing steps. Also, it is ideal to note the corrections for future use.

The proposed system is tested and finds better results in all the above
system tests.
IMPLEMENTATION
IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation is one of the most important tasks of the project.

Implementation is the phase in which one has to be cautious, because all the efforts
undertaken during the project will be fruitful only if the software is properly
implemented according to the plans made. The implementation phase is creative than
system design. It is primarily concerned with user training, site preparation and file
conversion. When the managers system is linked to terminals on remote sites, the
telecommunication network and tests of the network along with the system are also
included under implementation.

Implementation plan

The major implementation procedure are:

• Test plans

• Training

• Equipment Installation

• Conversion

Test plans

The implementation of a computer-based system requires that test data

be prepared and that the system and its elements be tested in a
planned,structured manner .The computer program component is a
major subsystem of the computer-based information system, and
particular attention should be given to the testing of this system element
as it is developed.

Training

The purpose of the training is to ensure that all the personnel who are to
be associated with the computer-based business system possess the
necessary knowledge skills.Operating,programming and user personnel
are trained using reference manuals as training aids.

Programmer Training

Programmers are assigned to the computer-based business system

project at the beginning of the development phase.The programmer’s
reference manual informs an experimenced programmer,unfamiliar with
the system,about all of the aspects of the computer program.The manual
should enable this person to (1) understand existing program
components;(2) modify existing program components and (3) write new
program components.

Operator training

If new equipment is to be installed, operator training is completed in

conjunction with its installation and checkout. If new equipment is not
required for the computer based system, operators still must become
familiar with the operational requirements of the new system. Different
kinds of personnel may be involved in the operation of the system, such
as computer operators, console operators, and data entry operators.
Training programs for operators are scheduled to coincide with the needs
of the computer-based business system as it is developed tested and
 approaches operational status. Users, analysts and programmers may
participate in the training of operators.

User Training

After the system is implemented successfully,training of the user is one

of the most important subtasks of the developer.Even well designed and
technically elegant systems can succeed or fail, because of the way they
are operated and used. For this purpose user manuals are prepared and
handled over to the user to operate the developed system. Thus the
users are trained to operate the developed systems successfully in
future. In order to put new application system into use, the following
activities were taken care of:

• Preparation of user amd system documentation.

• Conducting user training with demo and hands on

• Test run for some period to ensure smooth switching over the
system.

The users are trained to use the newly developed functions.User manuals
describing the procedures for using the functions listed on menu and circulated to
all the users.It is confirmed that the system is imp,lamented up to users need and
expectations

Equipment installation

Equipment vendors can provide the specifications for equipment installation.They

usually work with project’s equipment installation team in planning for adequate
space,power,and light and a suitable environment can be installed by the
manufacturer,the implementation team should advice and assist.participation
enables the team to aid in installation and more importantly to become familiar with
the equipment

Conversion

Conversion is the process of performing all of the operations that result directly in
the turnover of the new system to the user. Conversion has two parts:

• The creation of a conversion plan at the start of the development phase and
the implementation of this plan throughout the development phase.

• The creation of a system changeover plan the end of the development

phase and the implementation of the plan at the beginning of the operation
phase.

APPENDIX
DATAFLOW DIAGRAM
 Data flow Diagram:-

LEVEL 0:-

Request Response User

User Late Mark
LEVEL 1:-
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION

In this busy world only those who can give the best can survive. This is
expected in public & private sectors in each corner. To offer best service they have to
manage the work efficiently according to their specifications with the aids and utilities
provided by the computer systems. The project “Late marking System” for the
computerization of computerize the Late Marking System of an Educational
Institution. The system helps for checking the late mark details of students in the
institution. This gives correct idea to the management, with whom late on particular
day.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. VISUAL BASIC .NET

 Visual Basic .Net Programming Bible : Bill Evjen,

Jason Beres
 Beginning Visual Basic 2005 : Thearon Willis,
Bryan Newsome

2. SQL SERVER 2005

 SQL – The Programming
Language of Oracle. : Ivan Bayross
 Developing Personal Oracle 8i : David
Lockmann

3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN

 System Analysis and Design : Awad .E.M

 Introduction to System Analysis
And Design : Lee.