Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Assignment Specification
Unit Outcomes:
1 Investigate project management principles
2 Examine project organisation and people
3 Examine project processes and procedures.
Assessor Comments:
IV Comments:
Assessment Criteria
Task 1
P13.2.3 plan and specify
human resources and Explain PM CM and team work of a
requirements project for the succefull delivery of a
for a project system
Task 1, 3 & 4
Task 1 Part B
P13.3.3 describe project
change control procedures Cleary define what the role of the configuration
manager and how the change control influences
the process. Task 3
P13.3.4 describe the methods Clearly decide the tasks to be complete and
used to measure project create AND to asses the critical path.
Performance Task 1
M2 A range of sources of
Select / design appropriate information has been used for the
methods / techniques critical evaluation.
Relevant theories and
techniques have been applied to
produce a WBS, Gantt chart using PM
software, and Cost proposal.
Contents
Institute Name : IDM Computer Studies Pvt. Ltd............................................................1
Outcomes/Grade Descriptors Achieved (Please Tick)........................................................1
Assessor Comments:............................................................................................................1
Contents...............................................................................................................................4
Risk Management..............................................................................................................13
Project Risk Management Plan......................................................................................13
Project Risk Management Plan Purpose....................................................................13
Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities.....................................................................15
Risk Management Process and Activities..................................................................18
Risk Assessment and Management Table.................................................................24
a. What is the configuration management?................................................................26
Configuration Item List.............................................................................................26
Benefits of Team Work..................................................................................................37
Be it work, play, or entertainment, togetherness is what makes it enjoyable, easy, and
fun. Team work has become an essential element of any activity. Be it schools,
companies, social organizations, religious organizations, political organizations, or be
it your get together involving friends, family, or acquaintances, every activity seems to
require some sort of team play. Thus the importance of team work has become
undeniable for social, political, cultural, religious, educational, and economic
development...................................................................................................................37
1. Creativity....................................................................................................................37
Different people have different skills and possess different perspectives of every
activity. Therefore any activity that involves team work would benefit from the various
creative thoughts and inspirations of different people. By making use of different
thoughts and perspectives, varied ideas can be used to find an array of solutions that
will ultimately help find the best solution or a new solution for an old problem..........37
2. Overcomes monotony................................................................................................37
People working as individuals fall into the monotony of their jobs and this lead to
dissatisfaction and under-performance in the long run. However, when people work in
teams, the interaction in itself generates enthusiasm and any issues are resolved by
inputs from different people, making even small tasks enjoyable and interesting. This
Appendix
CASE STUDY
Background
E-commerce is in fashion so many companies of all sizes and types are reviewing their
sales strategies. Consideration is being given to either (or both) selling to other
businesses electronically (B2B) or selling directly to individual customers over the
Internet (B2C).
Many companies are failing to live up to expectations, with problems such as poor
website design making ordering difficult, website failure (crashes) from overload or
because they were incomplete, failure to confirm the order, subsequent out-of-stock,
failure to deliver on time.
From the Project Manager’s point of view, an e-commerce project is no different from
any other project. You need a framework to plan resources and budget; you must set the
plan against an appropriate calendar; and you need to ensure that you include the
managerial and quality-related tasks that will help the project manager succeed.
You need to plan how the project should be initiated. However, your initiation plan
should be presented in sufficient detail for someone else to manage it. You are not
Task 1
(a) As the Project Manager, you are expected to decide on the following:
1. The tasks required to carry out the project - aim for at least 10-15 tasks.
2. Decide on appropriate task dependencies and state durations of them.
3. Create an Activity Net work Diagram with respect to your identified tasks.
AND must be given using a standard Tool such as MS Project or MS Visio
(c) There are many elements in a typical project plan. One such element is the
Introduction which briefly describes the objectives of the project and the constraints,
which affect project management.
Prepare such introduction for this project using reasonable assumptions.
List and explain with a sentence each other contents of a typical project plan.
Task 2
(a) Explain what are your typical responsibilities as a Software Project Manager in
managing any type of software project and your typical tasks
(b) Briefly explain how are you going to manage the risk in the above project.
Task 3
Configuration Management is an essential part of a project. In a large project
Configuration librarian plays a major role.
(a) Briefly out line some configuration items in the project given in the scenario.
(b) Give a statement of the configuration librarian’s responsibilities.
(c) Briefly outline what are the things that we must consider in change control of
Project Management.
Considering the above statement, appraise the role of the project manager when
composing, developing and managing ‘the team’.
End of Assignment
TASK 1 a.
1. Introduction.
2. Project Organization.
2.1 Process Model.
2.2 Organizational Structure.
2.3 Organizational Interfaces.
2.4 Project Responsibilities.
3. Managerial Process.
3.1 Assumptions and Constraints.
3.2 Risk Management.
3.3 Monitoring and Controlling Mechanisms.
3.4 Staffing Approach.
6. Additional Components.
6.1 Index.
6.2 Appendices
The Project Manager (PM) is the leader of a cross-functional group composing the
Project Team assembled to successfully execute a set of project objectives. The PM must
ensure that the project objectives meet the Project Customer’s requirements and are
fulfilled within cost, schedule, and safety/environmental compliance constraints. Primary
counterpart is Project Customer.
Responsibility
From the above, it should be obvious that being a project manager means communicating
all the time and in many forms. But a project manager should also be thinking and not
just doing. For example, challenging the status quo and forcing other people to justify
their opinions is important. Also, asking questions even when the answer may be obvious
is critical because often the answer isn't what was expected.
A project manager should always be learning something new. This includes becoming
familiar with new technology from internal or external resources; understanding the
weaknesses and motivations of a team member; and identifying more efficient ways to
perform an existing process. The learning should never stop. If it does, it likely means
you're not doing your job properly or your employer doesn't want you around.
There's a lot to project management and some companies expect a lot from their project
managers. Of course, for me, that's what makes the job so interesting.
Some traditional risk managements are focused on risk stemming from physical or legal
causes. On the other hand financial risk management focuses on risk that can be affected
due to financial issues. It may be cost exceed according to the agreed budget for
particular system.
Main objective of risk management is reduced / eliminate or totally remove different kind
of risk related events within project domain. It may explain various types of threats
caused by
1. Environment
2. Technology
3. Humans
4. Organization
5. Politics
6. Cost
7. Schedule
8. Hardware
Anyway, all kind of real world thing or artificial things produce several warnings signals
before they become to disaster. But unfortunately those several kinds of valuable turning
points are missed by poor project management group.
There for individual knowledge and judgment and experience are more important for
project management.
Under risk management each and every development group member should have special
responsible for particular risk that is belongs to his or her individual project phases. So
IDM Computer Studies Pvt. Ltd. Page 13
that he or she should identify, address and eliminate risk events before they trigger out.
As result of that you can avoid from software development rework events.
Some risk may cause to the higher severity and some may not. There for you should
assets the each risk using proper standard methods. After that you will be able to reduce
or remove higher severity risk events firstly. Even more you should be able to realize,
what are the risk events? Those are highly concentrated by you.
There for following steps are the most important steps that should be followed by the
development members.
Finally try to include risk management principles and practices in to your software
development process. Start with a top ten risk item. Tracking process lightweight cheep
and good returns
That is the possible and most suitable way that you can achieve you ultimate goal within
agreed budget and time frame
Configuration, “to form from or after,” derives from the Latin com-, meaning “with” Or
“together,” and figurer, “to form.” It also means “a relative arrangement of parts or elements.”
Configuration management therefore refers to managing a relative Arrangement of parts or
elements. It’s as simple as that.
Configuration management, as we know it today, started in the late 1960s. In the
1970s, the American government developed a number of military standards, which Included
configuration management. Later, especially in the 1990s, many other standards and
publications discussing configuration management have emerged.
In the last few years, the growing understanding of software development as a collection of
interrelated processes has influenced work on configuration management.
• Server Platform
• Run time environment
• Processing Unit
• Disk Storage
• Communications Interface Cards
• Tape Drive (for backups, if needed)
Client Workstation
1. Hard ware requirement
• Processing Unit
• Local Disk Storage
• Floppy Disk Drives
• Monitor (Screen)
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Communications Interface Cards
3 .Communications requirement
• Server
• Processing Unit
• Disk Storage
• Communications Interface Car
• Tape Drive (for backups)
Development Software
• 4GL Toolset - Microsoft SQL Server and SQL Management Studio Express
• Rapid Application Development CASE Tool
• Compilers - PHP
• Linker - .NET IDE
• Source Code Editor
• Source Code Version Control Software
• Test Data and Transactions
A configuration librarian is the owner of the configuration library and manager of all
master copies of configuration items (CIs). In a multi-customer environment, a
configuration librarian is a super user for the accounts he or she is assigned to.
• Make sure the CIs registered in the database are correct and up to date
• Configure discovery
• Create CIs
• Update a CI instance
• Delete a CI
• Register a new CI
• Transfer ownership of a CI
• Transition a CI state
• Assign or remove CIs to or from an organization
• Create extended attributes for a CI type
• Expand configuration management
• Define and view reports
• View CIs
• Generate a configuration management report
• Assist in the identification of products
• Maintain current status information on all products
• Accept and record the receipt of new/revised products into the library
• Control the allocation of new version numbers to changed products
• Archive superseded product copies
• Ensure the security and preservation of the master copies of all the projects
products
• When authorized to do so, issue copies of products for review or information
• When authorized to do so, issue a new version of a product for change or
correction
• Maintain a record of all copies issued
• Notify holders of any changes to their copies
• Assist in conducting configuration audits
• Liaise with other Configuration Librarians where products required by the project
are common to other systems
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/tivihelp/v10r1/index.jsp?
topic=/com.ibm.ccmdb.doc/cm/c_cm_configlibrarian.htm
When there is a Change Control within the Organization environment, there should be a
well planned approach to achieve it successfully, But some projects are there, if we plan
it correctly, but not done successfully, because of lack of monitoring and missing the
main considerations that have to concern on the Change Control Process. Those main
Considerations are as follows;
- What Changes need to be Controlled
- Who Should approve the Changes
- When should the changes to be approved
- What actions should be done when implementing the Change
The simple answer to this is that any change which may affect product quality or
reproducibility must be managed in a controlled manner. In other words, anything
that could impact validation should be considered a change that needs to be
controlled. A complete answer to this question requires understanding of the
validated process. Consideration of a change must include a risk analysis to
determine the potential impact of the change. The risk analysis must determine
and document the potential impact of the change on the process, system,
documentation, training, and support systems and should also determine if
revalidation is required.
The regulations are clear that the quality unit must approve changes that have the
potential to impact the product. However, alternatives to a rigorous formal change
control system may be implemented in early stages of product development.
During these early stages, experiments are being conducted to establish the design
space. Implementation of rigorous formal change control during early
development can stifle progress and scientific experimentation. A more effective
approach to change control at this stage of the product lifecycle is to document
each experiment to enable traceability from one experiment to the next so that
knowledge of what changed from experiment to experiment is captured without
the burden of waiting for approval signatures for each experiment. Although the
final approval is the responsibility of the quality unit, others should be involved in
the review and assessment process. Regulatory Affairs should be consulted
regarding the need for regulatory filings when changes are proposed.
There are some basic elements that should be addressed by a good change control
process. First, the change control process must be defined in a written procedure.
Although it is acceptable to have multiple change control procedures for different
processes or systems, this can lead to confusion and non-compliance when trying
to determine.
What is a team?
Team based organizations are one of the major trends in today’s business environment.
This article reviews how the effective implementation of teams within an organization
can provide a powerful competitive advantage. In this article, Ron Armstrong, points out
that the most valuable resource of any organization is its people, because of their ability
to think, communicate, and use judgment. Thus, a person’s creativity, decision-making
and problem solving abilities can be used by an organization to carry out the management
functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling.
The author, in this article, discusses the differences between the traditional organization
and team-based organizations. Traditional organizations are characterized by letting only
the people on top of the organization structure get involved in the management process.
Because employees do not contribute to the decision-making process, managers are
responsible for researching and evaluating information in order to make decisions that
affect the organization’s future. Team-based organizations, on the other hand, delegate
management activities to their employees and promote collective decision-making. This
gives managers more time to spend on collecting and analyzing information before
making key decisions.
This article also indicates that team-based organizations divide responsibilities among the
upper and lower level teams. Upper level teams are accountable for managing activities
that have a “dramatic and long range effect on the company”, whereas lower level teams
are responsible for managing activities related to day-to-day activities. By empowering
employees to make decisions and delegating them responsibilities, a sense of ownership
in the organization is built and the loyalty towards the organization increases. The
company as a whole benefits by involving everyone in the management process. In fact,
more and better ideas are implemented; waste is eliminated; communication within the
organization is improved; employee’s interests and commitment are increased; stress,
Among the topics covered during week one, was how competition and change had
increased due to technology innovation, globalization, and deregulation. To be more
efficient and to effectively react to competitive and technological changes, more and
more companies are implementing new management methods such as mini-units,
internet-based financial controls, and team-based organizations. Section one of the book
gives a summary of how companies are applying these management methods. Although
in this section team-based organizations are not covered in depth, the book does indicate
that in this type of management “employees do not identify with separate departments,
but instead interact with whomever they must to get the job done”.
One of the discussion questions for week one referred to how effective management
impacts organizational success. By implementing a team-based organization system, a
company not only improves its operating effectiveness and creates a competitive
advantage, but also increases communication within the organization and establishes
collective decision-making which in turn helps the organization achieve its goals and
objectives. In fact, everyone in the organization concentrates on the company’s vision
and mission and they contribute to accomplish the company’s goals.
Although some fire departments still use the traditional organization system, where
management is done only by those on top of the pyramid structure; Fairfax County Fire
Department has implemented the “team-base organization” system. This system gives
firefighters, company officers, and upper management the opportunity to conduct
management functions and develop collective decisions. Because people’s lives are at
stake during emergency situations, all the decision-making and planning is done by
company officers during emergency situations. Although tasks and authority are
delegated during an emergency, responsibility is not. The company officer is still
responsible for the end result.
The upper level teams of the fire department are responsible for planning and making
decisions that have an effect on the whole department and affect the department’s future.
Issues like strategic planning, staffing, and budgeting are handled by these teams. The
lower level teams, on the other hand, are responsible for managing daily activities such us
daily staffing, planning of inspections, equipment repair, station maintenance, and so on.
Everyone, however, focuses on the fire department vision and mission; and contributes to
achieve the department’s goals.
At the fire station level, responsibility and authority is also delegated by company
officers. Delegation not only frees company officers from spending their time performing
tasks that others can do, but it also gives firefighters an opportunity to expand their
capabilities. The decisions they make are collective and directly related to the work they
perform every day. For instance, since firefighters are the ones that use equipment and
tools, they are involved in committees that make decisions regarding the acquisition of
new equipment, replacement of old equipment, and the training of personnel on how to
All teams are groups of individuals but not all groups of individuals necessarily
demonstrate the cohesiveness of a team. Teams outperform individuals because teams
generate a special energy. This energy develops as team members work together fusing
their personal energies and talents to deliver tangible performance results.
Teams have become the latest management obsession. They're the corporate equivalent of
a Visa card: they're everywhere you want to be. Managers, school principals everywhere
in the world are striving to set up efficient teamwork procedures in their establishments.
Trouble is that despite their ubiquity and their omnipresence, teams rarely achieve
breakthrough results. Instead, they sink to the level of the weakest performer and keep
digging. The fault lies not with the team or its members, but with those who took a group
of individuals, charged them with improbable goals, staffed them with uninspired
leadership and expected them to function as a team.
Contrast that to an organized, well-oiled, and disciplined team, one in which the whole is
greater than the sum of its parts. Such groups allow members to achieve results far
beyond their individual abilities. The irony is that when the needs of the group take
priority, the needs of the individual actually are enhanced.
High performance teams do not result from spontaneous combustion. They are grown,
nurtured and exercised. It takes a lot of hard work and skill to blend the different
personalities, abilities, and agendas into a cohesive unit willing to work for a common
goal. Behind every great team is a strong and visionary leader. A leader whose job is not
Be it work, play, or entertainment, togetherness is what makes it enjoyable, easy, and fun.
Team work has become an essential element of any activity. Be it schools,
companies, social organizations, religious organizations, political organizations, or
be it your get together involving friends, family, or acquaintances, every activity
seems to require some sort of team play. Thus the importance of team work has
become undeniable for social, political, cultural, religious, educational, and
economic development.
1. Creativity
Different people have different skills and possess different perspectives of every activity.
Therefore any activity that involves team work would benefit from the various
creative thoughts and inspirations of different people. By making use of different
thoughts and perspectives, varied ideas can be used to find an array of solutions
that will ultimately help find the best solution or a new solution for an old problem.
2. Overcomes monotony
People working as individuals fall into the monotony of their jobs and this lead to
dissatisfaction and under-performance in the long run. However, when people work
in teams, the interaction in itself generates enthusiasm and any issues are resolved
by inputs from different people, making even small tasks enjoyable and interesting.
This leads to better enthusiasm and energy levels among team members leading to
better productivity.
3. Varied skills
It is impossible for one individual to possess all the knowledge and skills required to
complete any job. For example, let’s look at the construction of a house. When one
individual builds a house all on his own, besides the long duration and the risk of
the construction stopping mid-way, there is also the risk of faults and damages in
various aspects of the house. However, when different individuals with specialized
skill and knowledge come together to do the different jobs, the house will be
completed in a much shorter duration and the end product would definitely be a
house that is beautiful and inhabitable.
4. Accomplish faster
Team work definitely finishes tasks faster than if an individual were to slog at it. The
speed is not only because of different hands coming together, but also because of
different minds working on the varied aspects of each task. When a problem occurs
there are different people thinking of it from varied perspectives and thus they are
able to arrive at a solution faster than if one person were to try resolving the issue.
5. Support
6. Distribution of work
Imagine having to conduct a wedding or your company’s annual meeting on your own.
You’ll never be able to complete all the tasks before its due and the greater chances
are you will mess up the whole activity. However, if you create a team for the task
and assign activities to each member of the team, you will definitely be successful
in making the event an unforgettable and successful event. Distributing work not
only reduces each individual’s burden, but also increases responsibility and ensures
better commitment to completing the task individually and as a whole.
It is because these benefits of team work have been fully understood by schools,
organizations, and even nations that they encourage team work in all activities.
Everyone has come to understand that only many hands and minds working
together can bring about all round development to build their organizations and
nations
Economic benefits
Management benefits
A project team, no matter what size, needs to differentiate among the various roles played
by team members. On small projects, several roles may be performed by one person.
Project manager
The project manager is responsible for orchestrating the detailed technical work of the
project, including development, quality assurance, and user documentation. The project
manager is responsible for developing the project's software development plan and is
usually the development team's link to upper management.
Product manager
The product manager is responsible for integrating project work at the business level. On
commercial software products, this work includes marketing, product packaging, end-
user documentation, end-user support, and the software itself. On in-house projects, this
work includes working with groups that will use the system to define the software, setting
up training and user support, and planning for cut over to the new system.
Architect
The architect is responsible for the conceptual integrity of the software at the design and
implementation level.
User-interface designer
The user-interface designer is responsible for the conceptual integrity of the software at
the level visible to the user. On in-house projects, this role can be played by someone
from end-user support, user documentation, development, or product management. On
commercial products, it should be performed by a user-interface specialist.
End-user liaison
every person on a team is a leader and will demonstrate leadership at different times.
Among other things, every person in a team has a responsibility to:
• Improve quality
• Instill pride of workmanship
• Increase output
• Find better ways of working and make continuous improvements
• Remove the causes of failure
• Provide training
• Help others do a better job with less effort
• Make it possible for everyone to do a better job with greater satisfaction
They key role of a project manager will be to execute all aspects of putting together trade
shows. This includes overseeing all staff members involved on the project. This will
entail taking a project from initiation
through completion. Overseeing the budget and managing the time-line will be
imperative role in this position. This position is considered to be a senior management
role.
5. Prioritize Projects
7. Work with outside vendors to ensure all project materials are delivered
8. Make all travel arrangements necessary which can include dinners and meeting
rooms
The Project manager will be a senior person who is charged with the responsibility of the
project.
The Project Manager will normally be identified during Stage 2 of the process and will be
appointed by the relevant Committee/Senior management/Head of School/Project budget
holder as appropriate. He/she will not necessarily be the same person who conceived the
idea or who undertook the option appraisal. The Project Manager will drive the project
forward from the implementation stage to completion and will be responsible for:
The Project Manager will generally be supported by a project team. Depending on the
nature of the project, the project team will be appointed either by the relevant
Committee/Senior management/Head of School/Project budget holder as appropriate.
The size and composition of the team will vary according to the nature and complexity of
the project but will generally consist of those directly involved in implementing various
parts of the project.
The role of the project manager when composing.developing and managing the
team?
http://www.selfgrowth.com
http://jobsearchtech.about.com
http://www.associatedcontent.com
Assumptions
1.1Project Overview
OBJECTIVE
During the past several decades personnel function has been transformed from a
Relatively obscure record keeping staff to central and top level management function.
There are many factors that have influenced this transformation like technological
Advances, professionalism, and general recognition of human beings as most important
Resources.
• This project intends to introduce more user friendliness in the various activities
such as record updation, maintenance, and searching.
• The searching of record has been made quite simple as all the details of the
customer can be obtained by simply keying in the identification of that customer.
• The entire information has maintained in the database or Files and whoever wants
to retrieve can’t retrieve, only authorization user can retrieve the necessary
information which can be easily be accessible from the file.
• The main objective of the entire activity is to automate the process of day to day
Activities of Hotel like:
1. Room activities,
2. Admission of a New Customer,
3. Assign a room according to customer’s demand,
4. Checkout of a computer and releasing the room
5. Finally compute the bill etc.
6. Packages available.
7. Advance online bookings.
8. Online Cancellation.
9. List of Regular customers.
10. Email facility.
11. Feedbacks
• System Connectivity
• No data duplication
• No Paper Work Required
• Time Efficient
• Cost Efficient
• Automatic data validation
• User friendly environment
• Data security and reliability
• Fast data insertion & retrieval
• Easy performance check
More information about the project can be found in the following documents:
1. Project Organization.
This section refers to the process model for the project and its organizational
structure.
Chairman
Board of Director
Chief executive
Company Sectory
Production
Director of IT Sales Director Finance Director HR director
Director
Personal Training
Sales Marketing Account manager manager
Supervisor Departmen Departmen Departmen
Supervisor
t t t
Operatives Operatives
The Project Manager is responsible for the Project Risk Management Plan being
implemented and for reporting to the Project Sponsor and Management Group. And also
he or she should have proper monitoring methods to manage several predefine risk events
System designers
System designers are responsible for create proposed system in an accurate way and also
within agreed budget and time constrain. When designers design particular system they
should capable for include all the user requirement and additional functionalities (non-
functional) in to the system. They should responsible for design a system without
violation of programming standard. designers should be capable to present more than
one technical approaches to the users that options should familiar to the designers
otherwise it will be very difficult to the achieve. Simply they are responsible for design
particular system as per the system requirements specification without omit any predefine
functional and non-functional requirement.
System Analyst
System Analyst is responsible for gather necessary system requirement and reporting to the
project managers and development team. And also he or she will be able to document all the
propose system requirement properly. There for various steps should be conducted by the
analyst.
1. Questionnaires
2. Interviews
3. Inspect document
4. Analysis decision makers behaviors
When system analyst analysis the system, he be able to gather all the necessary requirements.
Otherwise it will cause to collapse all the project aspect. It is the major risk of that phase.
Analysis may miss some important project requirement due to some other reasons. Users do
not aware of all the requirements. There for system analyst is responsible for gather necessary
requirements and report them properly.
Configuration Manager
3. Project Constraints
IDM Computer Studies Pvt. Ltd. Page 51
3.2 Assumptions and Constraints.
Constraints.
• Budget
$3,000,000 (25% of total $12,000,000 budget; software portion only)
• Time
One year
• Staff
Two outside consultants from hotel Etc. will be required to assist in the
Requirements and detail design phases of the project. The consultants will also
supplement our team elsewhere, as necessary.
• Maintenance
The software will have to be designed such that maintenance expenses do not
Exceed $100,000 per year (software maintenance portion of the total $600,00 budget
Task name duration start date finish date predecessor’s resources name