2.

005 Quiz 1 Equation Sheet (Fall 2010)

Vector Operators
Cartesian Coordinates (x, y, z)
 ˆ  ˆ  ˆ
  i j k
x y z
  Ax  Ay  A
 A    z
x y z
 2  2  2
 2   
 x2  y2  z 2
Cylindrical Coordinates (r, Φ, z)
 1  
  rˆ  ˆ  zˆ
r r  z
 1  (rAr ) 1  A  Az
 A   
r r r  z
1     1  2  2
 2  r  
r  r   r  r 2  2  z 2

Mach number: Ma  velocity / ( speed of sound)

Constitutive relationships (in specific form, i.e. per unit mass)

Model Specific energy Specific entropy

T2
Incompr. liquid u2  u1  c(T2  T1 ) s2  s1  c ln
T1
T2 v
s2  s1  cv ln  R ln 2
T1 v1
T P
Ideal Gas u2  u1  cv (T2  T1 ) s 2  s1  c p ln 2  R ln 2
T1 P1
P v
s2  s1  cv ln 2  c p ln 2
P1 v1
T
Solid u2  u1  c(T2  T1 ) s2  s1  c ln 2
T1

Ideal Gas law: PV = mRT or P =ρRT, Ideal gas specific heats: cp = cv + R

1
Conservation Relations for Closed Systems
First law, closed systems: E  Q  W
Q
Second law, closed systems: S    S gen
T

Heat Transfer
 
Conduction: Fourier’s law: q   k T
Conduction resistance of a slab: Rcond  L / (kA)
ln( rout / rin )
Resistance (to radial heat transfer) of a cylindrical pipe: Rcyl 
2 kL
Convection: Newton’s law of cooling: Q  hAs (Ts  T )
Convection resistance: Rconv  1/ (hc A)

Radiation: heat flux from a small grey object (1) to a large isothermal environment (2):
Q12 / A   1 (T14  T24 ) where  =5.67 x 10-8 W/(m2K4) and 1 the emissivity of (1)
Rrad  1/ hr A where hr  41 Tm when T1  T2
3
Radiation resistance:

2
Fluid Sta
atics
Force on a submerge
ed surface:
F  pcentrroid A

Center off pressure off the force:

 gI xx sin 
ycp  
pcentroid A

 gI xy sin 
xcp  
pcentroid A

Centroid location and

d moments of
o inertia for a (a) rectang
gle (b) circle (c) triangle (d)
( semicircle
e

Buoyancy and stability

Io
Metacentrric position: M 
MB
Vsubmergged
where Io iss the area mo
oment of inerttia of the wate
erline area of the floating object
o about itts tilt axis.