Indian Statistical Institute

Construction of Two Way Group Divisible Designs with Partial Balance for Group
Comparisons
Author(s): D. K. Ghosh and M. N. Das
Source: Sankhyā: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Series B, Vol. 55, No. 1 (Apr., 1993), pp.
111-117
Published by: Indian Statistical Institute
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25052772
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Sankhy? : The Indian Journal of Statistics
1993, Volume 55, Series B, Pt. 1, pp. 111-117.

NOTES
CONSTRUCTION OF TWO WAY GROUP DIVISIBLE DESIGNS
WITH PARTIAL BALANCE FOR GROUP COMPARISONS
By D. K. GHOSH
Saurashtra University

and

M. N. DAS
G. R. Park

SUMMARY. Ghosh and Das (1990) have discussed a method for the construction of a

class of two way group divisible design with balance for group comparisons. In the present
investigation we have extended the idea of Ghosh and Das (1990) for the construction of a class
of two way group divisible designs with partial balance for group comparisons. An example
of such design is also carried out in section 4.1.1.

1. Introduction

Bose and Shimamoto (1952) defined Group Divisible (GD) design as a

class of PBIB with two associate class in which mn treatments can be grouped
into m groups each of n treatments such any two
that treatments occuring
in the same group are first associate and two treatments occuring in different

group are second associate. In other words the contrasts among the
treatments belonging to the same group are estimated with one precision
while the contrasts among the treatments belonging to different groups are
estimated withprecision. another This design, classified
by Bose and
Shimamoto (1952) can be designated as one way GD designs as the treatments
are classified to one way classification. GD designs of Bose and
according
Shimamoto (1952) was extended to m associate class by Roy (1954) and called
such designs as Hierarchical group divisible designs. Several authors like

Raghavarao (1960), Hinkelmann (1964), Agarwal (1964), John (1977), Dey

(1988) etc. have discussed the method of construction of GD designs
along with its some
properties. Recently Ghosh and Das (1990) have exten
ded the conoept of one way GD design to two way GD design. Further, the
method of construction of two way GD designs with balance for group com

parisions has been also carried out by Das and Ghosh (1990).

received. January 1991 ; revised April 1991.

Paper

AMS (1980) subject classification. 62K10.

Keywords and phrases. Group divisible (GD) design, BIBD, PBIBD, balance, partially
balance, class of two way group divisible designs.
112 D. K. GHOSH AND M. N. DAS

Ghosh and Das (1990) have discussed the concept of a class of two way

group divisible designs through which the group contrasts, namely, (a) any
contrast among the treatments in any of the row, (b) any contrast among the
treatments in any of the column and (c) the remaining interaction contrasts,
for each of three types of grouping can be estimated with balance, that is,
same precision for each grouping.
For two way group divisible design with balance for group
comparision,
one needs large number of replications. In agricultural and biological experi
ments it is not possible In such
always to have large number of replications.
situation with balance for group will be
design partial comparision
appropriate.
In the present investigation we have further extended these designs by
the contrasts, (a) any contrast among the
evolving through namely,
treatments of the corresponding row is estimated with one constant precision,

(b) any contrast among the treatments of the corresponding column and

(c) the remaining interaction contrasts can be estimated with partial balance
for each, that is, two types of for each grouping discussed in
precision
(b) and (c). Hence by exploiting the modification over one way GD design
of Bose (1952) and a class of two way GD with balance
and Conner for group

comparision of Ghosh and Das (1990), an incomplete block design can be

obtained with relatively smaller number of observations. The resulting
incomplete block design is a class of two way group divisible design with par
tial balance for group comparision. A method of construction of such design
is discussed with an example.

2. TOW WAY GROUP DIVISIBLE DESIGNS WITH PARTIAL BALANCE

FOR GROUP COMPARISON

Definition. an incomplete
In block if the treatments can be
design
arranged into two classification corresponding to two factors, say, A at p
levels and B at q levels such that

(i) the contrast of one type of grouping can be estimated with constant

precision ;

(ii) while the contrasts for the other types of grouping are estimated
with two types of precisions in each.

3. Preliminary results

Lemma 3.1. Let there be a BIB

designs with parameters vx, bx, rx, kx and
?x. Let us consider the treatment of this BIB design as varietal codes. Now
each of the varietal codes in each block of this BIB design is increased by ivx(i = 1,
 TWO WAY GROUP DIVISIBLE DESIGNS 113

2, ..., v2?l), where v2 denotes number of treatment of a given PBIB design,

to get another BIB design as varietal codes. Let this design be denoted byM{.
Thus, v2 BIB designs, namely, M0, Mx, M2, ...,
Mv _x, where M0 denotes the

first design, can be obtained. Now a class of two way GD design with partial
balance for group comparison can be constructed by using the following Theorem.

4. Method of construction

Let Lx denotes number of times a pair of treatment belonging to any

row occur together, a of treatment to any column occur
pair belonging
together either in L2X or L22 blocks and any two treatments belonging to

remaining treatment interaction occur together in either _L31or LZ2 blocks.

Theorem 4.1. Let there be a PBIB

design with parameters v2, b2, r2, k2,
^2i> ^22> nv n2- Let the varietal
codes of this PBIB design are replaced by v2
design matrices. If by setting a correspondence that the varietal code i is to be
?
replaced by the design matrix Mi (i 0, 1, 2, ..., v2?l) in all the blocks of
PBIB design then an incomplete block design with parameters v = vxv2, b = bxb2,
r = rxr2, k = = = = =
kxk2, Lx r2Xx, L2X rxX2X, L22 rxX22, L3X A1A21 and L32
=
XXX22 is obtained.

Proof. Let us consider a PBIB with v2 treatments, the

design
parameters of this design are v2, b2, r2, k2, A21, A22, nx, n2. Let the varietal
codes of PBIB design are 0, 1, 2, ..., v2?1. Now by using the Lemma 3.1
the v2 BIB designs are obtained. Next the varietal codes of PBIB design
with parameters v2, b2, etc, are replaced by v2 design matrices in such a way
that the varietal codes i is to be replaced =
by the design matrix Mi (i 0,
1, ..., v2?1) in all the blocks of PBIB In this way we shall get k2
design.
partition matrices each with bx rows and kx columns. Treating all elements,
in the first row of all the above k2 partitioned matrix, as a block of the final

design, we get, out of each block of PBIB design, bx blocks of the final design
each of size kxk2. Since we have b2 such blocks hence bxb2 blocks are obtained.
Other parameters are obviously vxv2, rxr2, Lx, L2X, L22, Lzx and LZ2. Thus
two way GD design with partial balance for group comparisions are obtained
v = = = = =
with parameters vxv2, b bxb2, r rxr2, k kxk2, Lx r2 Ax, L2X, L22
= and = and =
H ^22> Lzx XXX2X LZ2 X2X22.

Corollary 4.1. // PBIB design is considered with parameters v2, b2, r2,
== 0 and the is a
k2, A12 X22, resulting incomplete block design class of two way
v = = = = =
GD design with parameters vxv2, b bxb2, r rxr2, k kxk2, Lx r2Xx,
= = = 0 and =
L21 0, L22 rxX22, Lzx LZ2 XXX22.

Proof. Proof is obvious.

BI-15
114 D. K. GHOSH AND M. N. DA?

Remark. The design obtained from Corollary 4.1 can also be considered
as a pBIB with four associate class.
design

Corollary4.2. // the parameters of the PBIB design are considered as

= = =
v2> &2>r2> ^2> A21 0> A22 and if r2 rx and A22 A1? where rx and Ax are the
parameters of BIB design discussed in Lemma 3.1, holds then the resulting design
is a class of two way CD design with parameters v = vxv2, b = bxb2, r = rxr2,
k = = = = = =
kxk2, Lx rx?x, L21 0, L22 rxXx, Ldl 0, L32 A^

Proof. Proof is obvious.

Remark. The design obtain from Corollary 4.2, one can see that Lx
= = = = 0 and this incom
L22 rxAx, L21 LZ1 LZ2 =?X, which implies that

plete block design can also be considered as a PBIB design with 3-associate
class.

1. Consider a BIB with = =

Example design parameters vx 3, bx 3,
^ = and = 1. Let the design is as follows.
ri &i 2, Xx plan
1 2

M0== 2 3

1 3
Next each of the varietal codes in each block are increased =3i
by (i 1,
2, 3, 4, 5) to get another design which are denoted by, say, Mx. Thus, we get
total 6 BIB These
designs namely, M0, Mx, M2, Mz, M? and M5. designs
are shown in Table 4.1.1.

TABLE 1.

plan 1 plan 2 plan 3 plan 4 plan 5 plan 6

12 4 5 7 8 10 11 13 14 16 17
2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 17 18
13 4 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16 18

a PBIB = 6 treatments. Let the para

Now consider design with v2
meters of this design are v2 = 6, b2 = 4, r2 = 2, k2 = 3, A21 = 0, A22 = 1,
? ?
nx 1, n2 4. The plan of this design is shown in Table 2.

table 2.

0 12

0 3 4
1 3 5

2 4 5
 TWO WAY GROUP DIVISIBLE DESIGNS 115

Here 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are the varietal codes of PBIB design. Next replace

the varietal codes with the matrix codes Mi. The design shown in Table 2
is written in the form of matrix, say, M, as

M0 Mx M2

M0 Mz M4
M = MX Mz M5

M2 M4 Mi
the matrices =
Replacing M% (i 0, 1, 2, ..., 5) ofM by treatment obtained
from design matrices shown in Table 1, a class of two way GD design with
V = B = R = = = = =
parameters 18, 12, 4, K 6, Lx 2, L2X 0, L22 2,
= = 1 some other is obtained.
^31 0, LZ2 alongwith parameters Design
matrix of two way GD design with partial balance are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3. DESIGN MATRIX OF TWO WAY GD DESIGN WITH PARTIAL BALANCE

12 4 5 7 8 4 5 10 11 16 17

2 3 5 6 8 9 5 6 11 12 17 18

13 4 6 7 9 4 6 10 12 16 18

1 2 10 11 13 14 7 8 13 14 16 17

2 3 11 12 14 15 8 9 14 15 17 18

1 3 10 12 13 15 7 9 13 15 16 18

5. Analysis

For the analysis of the design we arrange the vxv2 treatments in form of
the following matrix P,
1 2 3 ...
vx

...
vi+2
vi+l *>i+3 2vx

...
(v2-l)vx+l (v2-l)vx+2 (v2-l)vx+S (v2-l)vx+vx
Here any two treatments belonging to the same row in P occur in Lx

blocks, any two treatments belonging to the same column occur either in L2X
blocks or
jL22blocks and any two treatments
not belonging to the same row
or column occur together either in Lzl blocks or LZ2 blocks, where =
Lx r2Ax,
= = = =
^21 /'l^2lJ ^22 r1^22> ^31 ^1^21 an(l ^32 A^g.

Taking the usual model and simplifying the reduced normal equations
discussed by Das and Giri (1986) we get two components of the total sum of

squares
 116 D. K. GHOSH AND M. N. DAS

(1) due to contrasts among the column totals of the treatments and

(2) due to contrastsamong the row totals of the treatments. The other
of the treatment sum of squares can be obtained as follows :
component

While obtaining the sum of squares due to row contrasts, we formed

first v2 row totals of the treatments and then found sum of squares due to
totals. of taking row totals we can form a contrast
Instead among the treat
in the i-th row (i = the same coeffi
ments 1, 2, ..., v2)^ the contrasts having
cients for each row treatments. Thus, we get v2 such contrasts considering
v2 rows. Now the same contrasts as referred above is made with the reduced
normal equation and after simplification it was found
equations that the
are exactly of the same form as in the original PBIB
design, say, the i-th
treatment has been
replaced by the contrasts of the factor of the i-th row of
the matrix sum of squares due to these contrasts
P. The are obtained exactly
in the same way as we did for row total excepting that this sum of squares is
= =
to be divided by P\m (1 i, 2, ..., vx?l ;m 1, 2, ..., vx), where Pxm are
the coefficients of the ra-th treatments in the i-th contrasts.

Next another contrasts which to the previous

is orthogonal one is formed
in the treatments of the i-th row. Proceeding in the
identical line we can get
thesum of squares due to this contrasts as well. As the two row contrasts
are orthogonal, it can be shown that their sum of squares are independent.
Likewise, a total of (vx? 1) mutually orthogonal contrasts can be obtained
out of the treatments in the ?th row and their sum of squares can be obtained
in form of
(vx? 1) components, having each (v2?1) degrees of freedom. We
have obtained (vx-\-v2?2) degrees of freedom from row and column contrasts
and hence total degrees of freedom due to treatment is (vx?\) (v2?1)
=
+vx+v2?2 vx v2?l.

Acknowledgement. The authors are thankful to referee for his valuable

comments.

References

Agarwal, H. L. (1964). On the bounds of the number of common treatments between blocks of
certain two associate designs. Calcutta Stat. Assn. Bull., 13, 76-79.

Bose, R. C. and Shimamoto, T. (1952). Classification and analysis of partially balanced incom

plete block designs with two associate classes. Jour. Amer. Stat. Assoc, 47, 151-90.

Bose, R. C. and Connor, W. S. (1952). Combinatorial properties of group divisible incomplete

block designs. Ann. Math. Stat., 23, 367-383.

Das, M. N. and Giri, N. C. (1986). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Wiley Eastern Ltd.

Dey, A. (1988). Some new partially balanced designs with two associate classes. Sankhy?, B,
50, 90-94.
 TWO WAY GROUP DIVISIBLE DESIGNS 117

Ghosh, D. K. and Das, M. N. (1990). Construction of two way group divisible designs. Sankhy?,
B, 51, 331-334.

Hinkelmann, K. (1964). Extended group divisible partially balanced incomplete block designs.
Ann. Math. Stat., 35, 691-695.

John, P. W. M. (1977). Series of semi-regular group divisible designs. Commun. Stat. theo.

Meth., A 6(14), 1385-1392.

Raghavarao, D. (1960). A generalisation of group divisible designs. Ann. Math. Stat., 31, 756
771.

Roy, P. M. (1953-54). Hierarchical group divisible incomplete block designs with m associate
classes. Science and Culture, 19, 210-211.

Department of Mathematics and Statistics 1?1703 C. R. Park

Satjrashtra University New Delhi
Kalawad Road India.
Rajkot 360 005
India.