Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Agenda
Arctic Opportunities
OSVs in Arctic Service
Challenges for OSVs in Arctic
Service
Requirements for Arctic OSVs
Approach for Novel Systems
Concluding Remarks
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Undiscovered Arctic Oil
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Undiscovered Arctic Gas
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CARA Findings
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Arctic Oil and Gas - Opportunities
6
OSVs in Arctic Service
In the Arctic OSVs have most of the same
functions as OSVs in open waters
But in the Arctic OSVs have additional functions
and many more challenges
Two roles unique to the Arctic and other ice-
covered waters:
Icebreaking
Ice management
These functions are performed
by ice strengthened OSVs
and by dedicated icebreakers
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OSVs in Arctic Service
Depending on the time of the year OSVs will be
required to break ice
In heavy ice Arctic OSVs may be called upon to break
ice in a mode indistinguishable from typical icebreakers
except that operations are local
In lighter pack ice Arctic OSVs the mode of operation is
often ice clearing especially with azimuthing thrusters
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OSVs in Arctic Service
Ice management (IM) is a critical element of oil and
gas operations, especially during drilling,
IM aims to control the ice environment in the
vicinity of the installation by breaking ice to:
Reduce ice loads on the installation
Facilitate other operations such as supply, etc.
For successful ice
management vessels
require:
Strength & power
Maneuverability
Reliability
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OSVs Operating in Ice Covered Waters
Source: Ian C Reed, 4th Annual Shipping Conference, St. Petersburg, 2008
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OSVs in Arctic Service
One of the key objectives of ice management is to
limit the level of ice load to an acceptable level
The graphic below indicates how the demands of
ice are controlled using two ice management
vessels (IMV)
Disconnection
Level of ice conditions
2nd IMV
Maximum
allowed ice
load with
safety factor
Time
1st IMV
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OSVs in Arctic Service
Circular ice management is one of several
strategies used
Requirements for 1st level ice
management dominated by
power especially in heavy ice
Ice accretion on
deck and equipment
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Challenges for OSVs in Arctic Service
Operating in ice
Hull needs to be strengthened to a level depending
on role, area of operation, time of year etc.
Propulsion system, particularly propellers, need to
be strengthened for the same reasons
Operating at low temperatures
Winterization
• Materials – hull & equipment
• Vessel systems & machinery
• Safety systems
Human element
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Challenges for OSVs in Arctic Service
Ice Accretion
Stability
Access in open areas
Safety equipment
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Challenges for OSVs in Arctic Service
Providing emergency power for
Heating for
• Vital Control Rooms – Navigation, Engine Rooms,
Emergency Generator
• Fire Control Spaces / Fire Fighting Equipment
• Two Common Areas – Galley & Mess, Recreation Room
(Gathering Areas)
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Requirements for Arctic OSVs
- International
IMO
SOLAS
Load Line Convention
Tonnage Convention
MARPOL Convention
Several voluntary requirements including
• IMO Resolution A.863(20) - Code of Safe Practice for the
Carriage of Cargoes and Persons by Offshore Supply
Vessel (OSV Code)
• Resolution A.1024(26) – Guidelines for Ships Operating
in Polar Waters (Adopted 2 Dec 2009)
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Requirements for Arctic OSVs
- Class
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Requirements for Arctic OSVs
- Hull
The hull strength requirements in the IACS Polar
Rules are based on scientific principles calibrated
with field experience
The requirements are based on a single hull-ice
interaction scenario, that of a glancing impact
Ice thickness, ice
strength (crushing
pressures), hull form,
ship size, ship
speed and location on
hull are taken into
account
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Requirements for Arctic OSVs
- Hull
Polar
Ice Description (based on WMO Sea Ice Nomenclature)
Class
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Requirements for Arctic OSVs
- Hull
For OSV operation the stern will also likely
experience high loads
Stern geometry is complex for vessels with azimuth
propulsors.
Stern shoulder area is vulnerable due to high
maneuverability and aggressive operations
Limited experience on ice loads on pod strut.
Azimuth thruster foundation should be properly
connected to stern structures.
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Requirements for Arctic OSVs
Machinery
IACS Polar Rules does not have minimum power
requirements
Power requirements can be set on the basis of
• Model-scale tests
• Semi-empirical
Other aspects that need consideration
• Ice loads on propeller, rudder etc.
• Propeller strength under ice load
• Other components of propulsion system such as
shafting
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Requirements for Arctic OSVs
Winterization
Low temperatures and associated
phenomena can impair
performance of most ship systems
Many of the issues are beyond
Class and additional requirements
are designed to address these
concerns
Notations are offered if winterization and related
requirements in ABS Guide for Vessels Operating in Low
Temperature Environments are satisfied
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Requirements for Arctic OSVs
24
Requirements for Arctic OSVs
LTE Guide – a few of the key requirements
Materials – selection of steels exposed to low
temperatures
Hull Construction and Equipment
• Protection of personnel working outside
• Ice accumulation and its effects on stability
• Reduce spray and ice accumulation on deck
• Prevent freezing of tanks containing liquids
• Protection of the environment
• Personnel protection
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Requirements for Arctic OSVs
LTE Guide – a few of the key requirements
Vessel Systems and Machinery
• Prime Movers – mitigation of low temperature
effects of engine performance & lubrication
• Propulsion and Maneuvering Machinery –
propulsion system
• Deck & Other Machinery – anchoring etc.
• Piping – draining, de-icing
• Fire Safety
• Electrical – emergency considerations
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Requirements for Arctic OSVs
LTE Guide – a few of the key requirements
Safety
• Life Saving Appliances
• Heating for survival
• Navigational equipment
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Approach for Novel Systems
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Concluding Remarks
The Arctic is rich in resources but also contains
many challenges
OSVs are integral part of any oil and gas operation
in the Arctic
For Arctic operation OSVs need to be suitably
strengthened and winterized
Many existing requirements are applicable to
OSVs
For novel aspects non-traditional approaches
based risk techniques can be very useful
The LTE Guide addresses many additional issues
not included in ice-class requirements
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www.eagle.org
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