WEL COME

HYDRAULIC CRANE

Prepared by

Ghadiya Vishal N.
History
The crane for lifting heavy loads was
invented by the Ancient Greeks in the
late 6th century BC
Since these holes point at the use of a
lifting device, and since they are to be
found either above the center of gravity
of the block, or in pairs equidistant
from a point over the center of gravity,
they are regarded by archaeologists as
the positive evidence required for the
existence of the crane.
Lifting such heavy weights in a
concerted action required a great
amount of coordination between the
work groups applying the force to the
capstans.
Introduction
Hydraulic cranes are heavy equipment used primarily
for lifting. There are two basic necessities of their design:
they must be able to lift a certain amount of weight and
they must be able to do so while remaining stable. While
cranes have been used throughout the centuries these
days they feature a more technical design and there are
several different types available.
 In order to lift such heavy loads, hydraulic cranes make
use of three important parts, the lever, the pulley, and
the hydraulic cylinder.
There are several different types of hydraulic cranes, and
knowing the differences between them can help you to
choose the best one for you.
Mechanical principles
Cranes can mount many different
utensils depending on load (left).
Cranes can be remote-controlled from
the ground, allowing much more
precise control, but without the view
that a position atop the crane provides.
 The stability of a mobile construction
crane can be jeopardized when
outriggers sink into soft soil, which can
result in the crane tipping over.

There are three major considerations in

the design of cranes. First, the crane
must be able to lift the weight of the
load; second, the crane must not topple;
third, the crane must not rupture.
Hydraulic Crane working
Hydraulics is the science related to the behavior of fluids,
whether static or dynamic, and the practical uses derived
there from. A surprising amount of our current
technology is based on hydraulic principles, especially
that used in our larger machinery, from automobiles on
up.
Hydraulic machines take advantage of one consequence of
this principal: the fact that any force applied to an
incompressible liquid will propagate through the liquid,
without significant loss of strength, to effect whatever's on
the other side.
You press on a column of incompressible liquid here, and
it makes something move over there.
Armstrong Hydraulic Crane
He developed his ideas for a hydraulically
operated crane based on the hydraulic
jigger, comprised of a ram in a closed
cylinder arranged with multiple pulley
sheaves at each end so as to multiply
movement of the free end of a chain or
rope wound around the sheaves when a
pressurized fluid, normally water, was
admitted into the cylinder.

 His first working model was used at

Newcastle with pressure from the street
water pipes. It was so successful it
attracted interest from railroad and dock
shipping companies. Armstrong soon
started building these cranes with his
new Elswick Engine Works.
Lifting capacity
The lever. A balance crane contains a horizontal beam
(the lever) pivoted about a point called the fulcrum.
The principle of the lever allows a heavy load attached
to the shorter end of the beam to be lifted by a smaller
force applied in the opposite direction to the longer
end of the beam.
 The pulley. A jib crane contains a tilted strut (the jib)
that supports a fixed pulley block.
 The hydraulic cylinder. This can be used directly to
lift the load or indirectly to move the jib or beam that
carries another lifting device.
Stability
For stability, the sum of all moments about any point
such as the base of the crane must equate to zero. In
practice, the magnitude of load that is permitted to be
lifted (called the "rated load" in the US) is some value
less than the load that will cause the crane to tip.
 Under US standards for mobile cranes, the stability-
limited rated load for a crawler crane is 75% of the
tipping load.
Standards for cranes mounted on ships or offshore
platforms are somewhat stricter because of the
dynamic load on the crane due to vessel motion.
Description
Dynamic loads have to be taken into account in the
strength dimensioning of the structure of cranes. Such
loads are due to the accelerations and retardations of
the boom system itself and particularly those of a load
to be lifted.
The highest permissible speed of the boom system of a
crane has been determined by a hydraulic pump
providing a volume flow set to a predetermined
maximum level specific for each particular crane.
 A serious drawback has been that the greatest
permissible load and speed of the crane have been
fixed and independent of each other.
Parts of a Hydraulic Crane
 Although everything on the truck begins and ends
with the hydraulic system, there's more to a hydraulic truck
crane than the hydraulics.

 Boom
 Jib
 Rotex gear
 Outriggers
 Counterweights
 Reinforced-steel cable
 Hook
BOOM
The most recognizable part
of any crane is the boom.
This is the steel arm of the
crane that holds the load.
Rising up from just behind
the operator's cab, the boom
is the essential piece of a
crane.
Jib
Some booms are equipped
with a jib, which is the
lattice structure attached to
the end of the boom. On
the 70-ton hydraulic truck
crane, the jib is 67 feet (20.4
m) long, giving the crane a
total length of 194 feet (59.1
m). As the load is lifted, the
sections telescope out to
the desired height.
Rotex Gear
Underneath the operator's
cab is a Rotex gear on a
turntable bearing that turns
at 2 revolutions per minute
(rpm). It is driven by a
bidirectional, hydraulic
motor mounted on the cab
and housed in a metal cover
to prevent injuries. The
rotation is controlled by a
foot-operated, hydraulic
pedal in the cab.
Hook
Hydraulic hook systems
allow for simplified
cable routing along the
belly of the aircraft, and
snagging or damage to
the cable will not lead to
accidentally dropping
the cargo.
Hydraulic Crane Safety Devices
Hydraulic crane manufacturers typically fit their cranes
with a number of safety components that are meant to
increase safety while the crane is in operation. Steel
reinforced cabs, anti-current and anti-upset devices are
components that increase safety while hydraulic cranes
are in operation.
 Anti-current products prevent operator electrocution
when crane components come in contact with a live
power source, most frequently, active power lines.
 Anti-upset additions to hydraulic cranes prevent
tipping. Reinforced cages surround the cab of many
hydraulic cranes to protect the operator during instances
where a workload comes crashing down on them.
Hydraulic Crane Operating Safety Tips
During crane operator training sessions, hydraulic
crane operators are informed on many safety measures
that can be taken to decrease the risk of injury while a
hydraulic crane is lifting a workload.
Hydraulic cranes are manufactured to lift loads within
a specific weight range. Overloading a hydraulic crane
greatly increases the likelihood of upset, which is why
they should never be overloaded.
Working parts
1.A Hydraulic Crane in its simplest form consist of a Vertical Post,Tie and Jib
having Guiding Pulleys.All these parts are basic requirment of a Hydraulic
Crane.

2. A Jigger is provided near the foot of Vertical Crane Post.The Jigger consist s
of a fixed Cylinder,having a Pulley Block and containing a Sliding Ram.One end
of the Ram is in contact with Water and other carries a Pulley Block.

3. A Chain or Wire Rope,one end of which is fixed,is taken round all the
Pulleys of the two Blocks,through the Vertical Post and finally over the Guide
Pulleys.

4. A Hook is attached to the other end of the Rope for handling the
Load.There is a pipe connection for supplying water under High Pressure to the
fixed Cylinder of the Jigger.
Advantage
1. Hydraulic cranes use a fixed system of pipes, constant
pressure can be maintained once a part of the system has
been moved into place, and this makes them extremely
stable in use, and able to support relatively large weights.
2.Hydraulic cranes are amongst the simplest systems that
you can use within any industrial process, and are very
easy to maintain.
3. Most hydraulic cranes are comparatively light weight,
and the ease with which they can be moved from one
area to another within the factory or distribution center.
 4. . There are a variety of different hydraulic cranes on
the market, and they serve several different purposes.
THANK YOU