STRENGTH & CONDITIONING FOR MUAY THAI ATHLETES

Anthony N. Turner
London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
Table 1. Level of mastery and the contribution to punching force by key components of the kinetic chain
(Filimonov et al., 1983). Table 4. S&C programme for Muay Thai athletes: Two example strength suggestions and two example power
INTRODUCTION Category Arm extension Trunk rotation extension of back leg Total sessions.
Strength session 1 Strength session 2 Power session 1 Power session 2
Muay Thai was developed in Thailand and is a combat sport in which contestants can Masters of sport 24.12% 37.42% 38.46% 100%
Squat snatch (4 x 2) Squat clean & split Jerk (4 x Squats (3 x 3) Front squats (3 x 3)
kick, punch, knee, elbow and grapple with their opponents. Like most martial arts, Muay
Thai athletes tends to play themselves fit, often because this has long been the traditional Class I 25.94% 41.84% 32.22% 100% 2)
approach, but also due to the many myths that surround gym-based training exercises. Class II & III 37.99% 45.50% 16.51% 100% Dumbbell chest press Lat pull down or chins (4 x Power snatch from hang → Power clean from hang &
This poster therefore aims to justify the inclusion of strength & conditioning (S&C) within (*10˚incline) (4 x 4) 4) power split snatch from split Jerk (5 x 3)
Muay Thai.
hang (5 x 3)

Bent over row or seated Front squat (4 x4) Squat jumps (5 x 3) Dumbbell chest press
row (4 x 4) (*10˚incline) (3 x 3)
Back squats (4 x 4) Stiff leg dead lift or Nordics
NEEDS ANALYSIS (4 x 4)
Key: → = progress to; (Sets x reps); * 10⁰ represents the angle at the shoulder during punching
As with any sport to which S&C interventions are to be implemented, the S&C coach
must first undergo a performance analysis to identify the biomechanical and
physiological requirements of the sport.
Table 5: Example plyometric and carryover drills (Turner, 2009a) that can be performed in the rest interval.
Triple extension: The straight, hook and uppercut (fig 1-3 respectively) are the three
principle punches used in Muay Thai, each involving triple extension (table 1). As Plyometric (SSC) and carryover drills
illustrated in fig 4-7, Triple extensions movements are also required for kicking, kneeing
Table 2. Energy system contribution of sports considered empirically similar to Muay Thai. Table adapted from
and elbowing. Lower-body SSC (1 x 3):
Ratmess (2008).
Ankling (1 repetition = ankling over 4meters) → Jump up to box (gradually increase the height) →Drop lands
Reactive strength: Reactive strength, which describes the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) Sport Phosphagen System Anaerobic glycolysis Aerobic metabolism (gradually increase the height) →Drop jumps (gradually increase the height) → progress to consecutive jumps
capabilities of an athlete, may also be considered fundamental to force generation within Wrestling High Low Low (e.g., drop jump followed by jump over 3 x hurdles) → progress to lateral jumps → progress to single leg variants
Muay Thai (e.g., fig 9-11) due to enhanced propulsive forces (Bobbert & Casius, 2005)
Fencing High Moderate _ of above
and conservation of energy (Verkhoshanky, 1996).
Boxing High High Moderate
Energy systems: Table 2 illustrates that Muay Thai involves predominate anaerobic Upper-body SSC (1 x 3):
Mixed martial arts High High Moderate
energy contribution with probable phosphogen system dominance. In addition, rounds Smith machine bench press throws → Medicine ball throws (in sports stance and mimicking punching
are fewer than boxing (5 vs. 12) and shorter than both wrestling and mixed martial arts Basketball High Moderate to high -
techniques, i.e., straight, hook and uppercut) → Medicine ball drops → Push-up claps
(3 vs. 5mins). Therefore aerobic energy system contribution may be minimal.
Carryover training (1 x 3/per limb):
Table 3. Specific fitness tests for Muay Thai athletes based on aforementioned needs analysis
Rapid weight loss: making weight in combat sports such as wrestling (Keller et al., 1994) Kicks (round-houses/ push-kicks), Punches (straights/hooks/uppercuts), Knees , Elbows
and boxing (Hall & Lane, 2001) are associated with decrements in performance. This may Performance tests and supporting comments (with reference literature where relevant)
be due to dehydration (Torranin et al., 1979), depleted glycogen stores (Choma et Key: → = progress to; (Sets x reps)
Skinfold assessment: reported to be 10.9% in high school wrestlers (Clark et al., 2007), 6.5% in elite level
al., 1998), reduced lean muscle mass (Kelly et al., 1978) and negative mood (Hall &
freestyle wrestlers (Callan et al., 2000) and 9.5% in Olympic Kung-Fu athletes (Artioli et al., 2009).
Lane, 2001).
Squat Jump and countermovement jump: measure of lower body strength and power respectively. Can also be
used to identify the explosive strength deficit (Turner, 2009b) and SSC augmentation (Turner and Jeffreys, in
press)
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