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c is a province of the Philippines located in the Western Visayas. Its capital is Kalibo. It is located at the
northwest portion ofPanay Island, bordering Antique Province to the southwest, and Capiz Province to the east. Aklan faces
the Sibuyan Sea and Romblon Province to the north.

The province is believed to be the first portion of Panay Island to be settled by immigrants from Borneo. From
1716 to the end of the Spanish regime, Aklan and Capiz were organized into politico-military provinces. Aklan is associated
with a datu named Bendahara Kalantiaw who was the country's first lawgiver. The name of the province is also linked with
the famous Ati-Atihan Festival held in Kalibo, the provincial capital. The festival commemorates a peace pact held in the
13th century between the aborigines and the early Malay immigrants.

 
 

Gold, copper, chromite, marble, manganese, and silica

 

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Marble is a metamorphosed limestone. It is composed of pure calcite and is extensively used for sculpture, and as a
building material. The common term, faux marble or faux marbling is a wall painting technique which imitates the color
patterns of real marble. The marble dusts are combined with cement or synthetic resins to make reconstituted or cultured
marble.

The word "marble" has been derived from the Greek word "marmaros," which mean "shining stone." This is also the basis
for the English word "marmoreal," meaning "marble-like."

Marble is associated with the astrological sign of Gemini. Pure white marble acts as an emblem of purity. Also it acts as an
emblem of immortality, and an ensurer of success in education.

 

 

Some of the important kinds of marble, historically, named after their quarries locations are as follows:

 Paros (Greece), Panteli (Greece), Carrara (Italy), Proconnesus (Turkey), Macael (Spain)

III. D 
 

Marble is a result over a period of time, the contact of metamorphism of sedimentary carbonate rocks, either in
limestone or dolostone. This metamorphic process causes a full recrystallization of the original rock into an interlocking
mosaic of calcite and/or the dolomite crystals.

Pure white marble is formed from the metamorphism of very pure limestones. The characteristic swirls and veins of many
colored marble varieties are the result of various mineral impurities, like clay, silt, sand, iron oxides, or chert that originally
had the presence as grains or layers in the limestone. The green coloration is often because of serpentine which results
from the originally high magnesium limstone or dolostone with silica impurities.

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White marble was prized for its use in sculptures since classical times. This preference has to do with the softness and
relative isotropy and homogeneity, and a relative resistance to shattering. Also, the low index of refraction of calcite allows
light to penetrate several millimeters into the stone before being scattered out, resulting in the characteristic "waxy" look
which gives "life" to marble sculptures of the human body.


 
 

Construction marble is a stone which is composed of calcite, dolomite or serpentine which is capable of taking a
polish.[6] More generally in construction, specifically the dimension stone trade, the term "marble" is used for any
crystalline calcitic rock (and some non-calcitic rocks) useful as building stone. For example, Tennessee marble is really a
dense granular fossiliferous gray to pink to maroon Ordovician limestone that geologists call the Holston Formation.

   

A variety of industries. Finely ground marble or calcium carbonate powder is a component in paper, and in consumer
products such as toothpaste, plastics, and paints. Ground calcium carbonate can be made from limestone, chalk, and
marble; about three-quarters of the ground calcium carbonate worldwide is made from marble. Ground calcium carbonate
is used as a coating pigment for paper because of its high brightness and as a paper filler because it strengthens the sheet
and imparts high brightness. Ground calcium carbonate is used in consumer products such as a food additive, in toothpaste,
and as an inert filler in pills. It is used in plastics because it imparts stiffness, impact strength, dimensional stability,
and thermal conductivity. It is used in paints because it is a good filler and extender, has high brightness, and is weather
resistant. However, the growth in demand for ground calcium carbonate in the last decade has mostly been for a coating
pigment in paper.

Calcium carbonate can also be reduced under high heat to calcium oxide (also known as "lime"), which has many
applications including being a primary component of many forms of cement.
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In the province of Aklan, marble is found in the northern town of Nabas where it is used as building materials for
houses in the Spanish era. Also, sculptures of many patrons in this town were made from marble that can be seen in
Catholic churches in their barangays.



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Manganese is a silvery-gray metal resembling iron. It is hard and very brittle, difficult to fuse, but easy to
oxidize.[1] Manganese metal and its common ions are paramagnetic.

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Manganese makes up about 1000 ppm (0.1%) of the Earth's crust, making it the 12th most abundant element there.[19] Soil
contains 7ʹ9000 ppm of manganese with an average of 440 ppm.[19] Seawater has only 10 ppm manganese and the
 3
atmosphere contains 0.01 µg/m Manganese can also be found in Capiz mainly in the municipality of Ivisan. The excavation
of manganese is somewhat confidential for the security of the excavators.

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Manganese has no satisfactory substitute in its major applications, which are related to metallurgical alloy use. In minor
applications, (e.g., manganese phosphating), zinc and sometimes vanadium are viable substitutes. In disposable battery
manufacture, standard and alkaline cells using manganese will probably eventually be mostly replaced with lithium
battery technology.

 Manganese is essential to iron and steel production by virtue of its sulfur-fixing, deoxidizing,
and alloying properties. Steelmaking, including its ironmaking component, has accounted for most manganese demand,
[26]
presently in the range of 85% to 90% of the total demand. Among a variety of other uses, manganese is a key component
of low-cost stainless steelformulations. Small amounts of manganese improve the workability of steel at high temperatures,
because it forms a high melting sulfide and therefore prevents the formation of a liquid iron sulfide at the grain boundaries.

cc

 The second large application for manganese is as alloying agent for aluminium. Aluminium with a
manganese content of roughly 1.5% has an increased resistance against corrosion due to the formation of grains absorbing
impurities which would lead to galvanic corrosion.

 




Manganese is an essential trace nutrient in all forms of life. The classes of enzymes that have manganese cofactors are very
broad and include oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases,isomerases, ligases, lectins, and integrins.

 R 

[42]
Manganese compounds are less toxic than those of other widespread metals such as nickel and copper. However,
3
exposure to manganese dusts and fumes should not exceed the ceiling value of 5 mg/m even for short periods because of
[43]
its toxicity level. Manganese poisoning has been linked to impaired motor skills and cognitive disorders.

 

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http://www.mineralszone.com/minerals/marble.html

http://www.docstoc.com/docs/23857366/Mining--a-wealth-of-history-and-experience

http://www.livinginthephilippines.com/region6.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aklan


https://www.docstoc.com/pass?doc_id=23857366
http://captivatingcapiznians.blogspot.com/
http://corporate.mozcom.com/dot/capiz1.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese
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" is a province of the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. Its capital is Roxas City and is
located at the northeastern portion of Panay Island, bordering Aklan and Antique to the west, and Iloilo to the south.
Capiz faces the Sibuyan Sea to the north. Capiz is known for its mother-of-pearl shells that have the same name and are
used for decoration, making lampshades, trays, window doors. Capiz is also known for a popular local myth of Aswang, a
generic name for ghouls, monsters and witches.

It is one of the four provinces constituting the island of Panay (the three others are Iloilo, Aklan and Antique). At
first, there was only the island of Panay with an Iloilo district. Eventually, Panay became known as Iloilo. In 1716, its
northern sector was organized into a politico- military province and was named Capiz. When the Americans came at the
turn of the century, Capiz was still a politico-military province embracing the islands of Romblon, Maestro de Campo, Tablas
and Sibuyan. On April 5, 1901, the Americans established a civil government in Capiz.

 
 

Gold, limestone, phosphate, guano and clay




Limestone is a very common sedimentary rock of biochemical origin. It is composed mostly of the mineralcalcite.
Sometimes it is almost pure calcite, but most limestones are filled with lots of other minerals and sand and they are called
dirty limestones. The calcite is derived mostly from the remains of organisms such as clams, brachiopods, bryozoa, crinoids
and corals. These animals live on the bottom of the sea and when they die their shells accumulate into piles of shelly debris.
This debris can then form beds of limestone. Some limestones may have been derived from non-biogenic calcite formation.
Although some limestones can be nearly pure calcite, there is often a large amount or sand or silt that is included in the
shelly debris.

Limestones form usually close to the source of shelly debris although some significant transport can occur. Great
sources for limestone are reefs. Reefs have been in existence for most of the history of life on Earth, but they have changed
in the species that build them.

Because of limestone's biogenic origins, it is often the best rock for finding fossils. The organisms themselves leave
fossils in the rock and entire communities and even entire reef structures can be preserved in a limestone bed. At times a
limestone is entirely composed of fossils. The rock coquina is a variety of limestone and is composed entirely of fragments
of sea shells.

But most limestones have a significant amount of carbonate mud. This mud matrix can even constitute 100% of
the limestone rock. Origins of this mud are debated and may just be a fine grained mud left from the erosion and abrasion
of calcite shells. There maybe a non-biogenic origin too. At times modern carbonate muds can accumulate in the oceans in
thick layers that are destined for limestone formation. A limestone variety is caused by swift currents that rolled carbonate
mud into small beads that (once solidified) look like tiny eggs. This limestone variety is called an oolite and is sometimes
very ornamental.

Limestone is almost always marine in origin and is usually associated with other near shore rocks types. In a typical
marine scenario, to the shore side of a reef is the silica mud of a lagoon and closer to shore is the sand of a beach. The silica
mud will form a shale while the beach sand will form a sandstone. Farther inland might be a swamp whose organic debris
might form a coal layer. Throughout the Carboniferous time period, coals were often interbedded with sandstones, shales,
and limestones in repeating cycles. These cycles represent changes in ocean levels over thousands of years as swamps are
flooded by a beach and then a lagoon and perhaps a reef. But as sea levels fall the limestone of the reef is replaced by the
shales of a lagoon and then the sandstone of a beach and on and on. Hundreds of feet of repeating cycles like this can
occur.

Limestones are important rocks. They can be used for building materials but are not quite as strong as sandstone
and are easily weathered by acidic conditions. Limestones are the primary source of lime for cements. Cement is considered
one of the most important construction materials ever invented by man. Limestone can be crushed and used as road
ballast. Significant quantities of limestone are quarried around the world for these purposes.

Limestone is usually the type of rock that gives us caves. Most caves are the result of dissolution of calcite by acidic
waters. Ground water can dissolve portions of massive limestone formations and yield extremely large caverns. Large caves
and numerous sinkholes are often found in areas that have significant limestone formations.

Metamorphosed, fairly pure limestone forms the metamorphic rock, marble. During the metamorphic process,
the crystals of fine grained calcite in the limestone become merged and melded into other large crystals forming the
interlocking course grained texture of the marble. All limestones under go some kind of alteration after initial
solidification. These alterations can include dolomitization, recrystalization, styolitization, compaction, cementation and
exsolution to name a few. All of these things are considered part of the diagenetic process. Limestone can also form very
slowly through a process of leaching through mineral fields and deposition, as in the case of stalactites and other cave
formations.

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Steel Industry, Building Industry, Roads and Soil stabilization, Water and waste treatment, Chemical Industry, Pulp
and Paper