TRAINING PROGRAMME ON CNC LATHE

(FANUC 0i-T)

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 1
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF CNC LATHE

HEAD STOCK:

In corporate spindle in the headstock is rotated with a spindle motor. Gripped

work with the chuck is also rotated and the work piece is machined.

TURRET:

Tools are fixed to the turret.

TAILSTOCK:

If the work piece gripped only with the chuck is tailstock prevents the work
piece from being fried out during machining.

CROSS SLIDE (X) and LONGITUDINAL SLIDE (Z):

A gripped and rotated work piece by the chuck is machined with the tool fixed
by turret, which is controlled with movement of the cross slide (X) longitudinal
slide (Z)

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 2
AXIS NOMENCLATURE

AXIS CONTROL AND DIRECTION

Works piece zero point:

To program, work point zero point on the program must be decided in advance.
This work piece zero point (X0, Z0) is treated as a reference for programming
and machining starting travel.

X – Axis
Diametrical dimensions of the work piece are described with address X, as
spindle centre line is X0.

Z –axis
Longitudinal dimensions of the work piece are described with address Z, as the
work piece finished end surface is Z o.

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DO’S:

 Clean the machine thoroughly

 Do not allow chips to accumulate over the guide ways.

 Check oil level in lubrication tank.

 Check coolant level.

 Clean machine lamp glass.

 After switching on for the first time of the day check all the gauges, fans,

pumps, NC coolers etc.., are functioning properly.

 Execute warm – up cycle during the first power up of the day.

 Ensure clamping of work piece on chuck before operating the machine.

 Close the all machine doors while operating the machine.

 Run the program in single block when starting for the first time.

 During auto cycle, dry run switch should be off.

 Before loading the next work piece, check for program end.

DON’T S:

 Do not open machine doors while machining is going on.

 Do not load the tool on the turret when machine is running.

 Do not touch the chuck while it is rotating.

 Do not adjust the coolant nozzle position on turret while indexing.

Do not use air for cleaning near the guide ways.

 Do not remove the covers unless it is necessary.

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 4
TERM IN PROGRAMMING
WHAT IS PROGRAMMING?
Program is the series of instructions statements containing
The contents of works written conformity with rule according to
The processing schedule.
PROGRAME NUMBER
The program number functions as addressing symbol for accessing a program.
The program is expressed by putting the numerals of 4 digits after the
Alphabet “O”.
Numerals from 0001 to 9999 can be used.
Examples: O1234;
The program number can be input with numerals of smaller than 4 digits.
Examples: O1; = O1000;
If the program number to be input already in the memory that program cannot be input.
Input with the different number.
SEQUENCE NUMBER (or) BLOCK NUMBER
1. the block number is used to
 Search
 Callout the position is being executed
 The position you want to edit in the program easily
2. Block numbers start with the letter “N” and followed by up to 5 digits.
(N1 to 9999) Example:
O4090;
N1; (BLOCK NUMBER)
G50 S2000;
…….. ;
….. ;
M01;
N2; (BLOCK NUMBER)
G00 T0303;

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 5
 ….. ;
M30;
Note: generally block number are inserted in to important place of
the program.
Example: Beginning of each tool
ADDRESS

The address is expressed in alphabet.

DATA

Numerals (including the sign and decimal point) succeeding to the address are
called the data.

WORDS

Block is the minimum command unit necessary to perform a process. The block
consist words.

BLOCK

Block is the minimum command unit necessary to perform a process. The block
consist words.

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 G00 X70 Z10 BLOCK

BASIC POSITIONS:

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MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION (M COADS)

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PREPATORY FUNCTION

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PROGRAM PROFILE: radius

1. Head of the program

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2. Body of the program
3. Tail of the program

1. Head of the program

In head of the program we will mention block number. Such as block number is
N1, N01.The head of the program is consisting. Following details.
There are:

O0001; ------------- (program number)

N1; ------------------- (block number)
G21 G90; ----------- (metric input value, absolute code)
G28 U0 W0; ---------- (home point returning)
G50 S2000; ----------- (maximum spindle speed setting)
G96 (or) G97 S200 M03; ------- (spindle speed for metal cutting)
G00 T0101; --------------------- (tool changing)
G00 X32 Z1; ------------------- (positioning for operations (or) tool
Movement)

2. BODY OF THE PROGRAM:

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 11
The body of the program is consist always tool path and canned cycles. Also it
will act as a rectangle diagram for TURNING. In tail of the program we will
mention block number. Such is N2, N02...

Also it will act as a rectangle diagram for FACING

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 12
G00 X32 Z1;
N2;
G01 X20 F0.2;

G01 Z-60 F0.2;

G01 X30.0;
G00 U5;
G28 U0 W0;
M30;

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TAIL OF THE PROGRAM:

Tail of the program is consisting following details.

There are:

N3;

G28 U0 W0; ------------ (home point returning)

M05; ----------------- (spindle off)

M08; ---------------- (coolant off)

M01; ----------------- (optional stop)

M30; ------------------ (program end and rewind)

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 14
Write the simple part program to following diagram;

O0001;
N1;
G21 G90;
G28 U0 W0;
G50 S2000;
G97 S200 M03;
G00 T0101;

G00 X28 Z1.0 M08;

N2;

G01 X27.5 F0.2;

G01 Z- 60.0 F0.2;

G01 X30.0;

G00 Z1.0
N3;
G01 X27.0 F0.2;
G01 Z-60.0 F0.2;
G01 X30.0;
G00 Z1.0;

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N4;
G01 X26.5 F0.2;
G01 Z-60.0 F0.2;
G01 X30.0 F0.2;
G00 Z1.0;
N5;
G01 X26.0 F0.2;
G01 Z-60.0 F0.2;
G01 X30.0.0;
G00 Z1.0.0;
N6;
G28 U0 W0;
M01;
M05;
M09;
M30;

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 16
Rough Turning cycle format:

G71 U --- R ---;

G71 P --- Q --- U --- W --- F ---;

Hear:

U -------------- Depth of cut in “X” axis.

R -------------- Relief amount.

P -------------- Stating Block number of tool path.

Q --------------- Ending Block number of tool path.

U --------------- Finishing allowance in “X” axis.

W --------------- Finishing allowance in “Z” axis.

F ---------------- Feed for Rough Turning.

Write the part program to following diagram with canned cycle

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 17
O0002;
N1;
G21 G90;
G28 U0 W0;
G50 S2000;
G96 S200 M03;
G00 T0101;
G00 X28 Z1.0 M08;
G71 U0.5 R 2;
G71 P2 Q3 U0.0 W0.0 F0.2;
N2;
G01 X26.0 F0.2;
G01 Z-60 F0.2;
N3;
G01 X28.0 F0.2;
G28 U0 W0;
M01;
M05;
M09;
M30;

Finishing cycle format:

G70 P --- Q --- F ---

Hear:

P -------------- Stating Block number of tool path.

Q --------------- Ending Block number of tool path.

F ---------------- Feed for finish turning.

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 18
Write the part program to following diagram with finishing

cycle.

O0003;
N1;
G21 G90;
G28 U0 W0;
G50 S2000;
G96 S200 M03;
G00 T0101;
G00 X28 Z1.0 M08;
G71 U0.5 R 2;
G71 P2 Q3 U0.3 W0.3 F0.2;
N2;
G01 X26.0 F0.2;
G01 Z-60 F0.2;

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N3;
G01 X28.0 F0.2;
G28 U0 W0;
G97 S900 M03;
G00 T0202;
G00 X28 Z1.0 M08;
G70 P2 Q3 F0.15;
G28 U0 W0;
M01;
M05;
M09;
M30;

Write the simple part program to following diagram

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 20
O0003;
N1;
G21 G90;
G28 U0 W0;
G50 S2000;
G97 S200 M03;
G00 T0101;
G00 X41 Z1.0 M08;
N2;
G01 Z-2.5 F0.2;
G01 X-2 F0.2;
G00 Z1.0;
G00 X41;
N3;
G01 Z-5.0 F0.2
G01 X-2 F0.2
G00 Z1.0
G00 X41
N4
G28 U0 W0;
M01;
M05;
M09;
M30;

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 21
FACING CYCLE FORMAT:

G72 W --- R ---;

G72 P --- Q --- U --- W --- F ---;

Hear:

W -------------- Depth of cut in “Z” axis.

R -------------- Relief amount.

P -------------- Stating Block number of tool path.

Q --------------- Ending Block number of tool path.

U --------------- Finishing allowance in “X” axis.

W --------------- Finishing allowance in “Z” axis.

F ---------------- Feed for Rough Facing.

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 22
Write the part program to following diagram with facing cycle.

O0003;
N1;
G21 G90;
G28 U0 W0;
G50 S2000;
G97 S200 M03;
G00 T0101;
G00 X28 Z1.0 M08;
G72 W0.5 R 2;
G71 P2 Q3 U0.3 W0.3 F0.2;
N2;
G01 Z-5.0 F0.2;
G01 X-2.0 F0.2;
N3;
W5;
G28 U0 W0;
M01;
M05;
M09;
M30;

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 23
 Write the drilling program to following diagram.

O0004;
N1;
G21 G90;
G28 U0 W0;
G50 S2000;
G97 S200 M03;
N2 G00 T0101; ------------------- (12mm drill bit)
G00 X0 Z1.0 M08;
N3 G01 Z-10.0 F0.2;
G0 Z1;
N4 G01 Z-20.0 F0.2;
G0 Z1;
N5 G01 Z-40;
G0 Z4;
N6 G28 U0 W0;
M05;
M30;

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 24
 PECK DRILLING CYCLE FORMATE (G74)

G74 R---;
G74 Z--- Q--- F---;

Hear.
R ------------- Relief amount
Z ------------- Total length of the drilled hole from origin point.
Q ------------ Depth of cut in “Z” axis (units in micron)
F ----------- Feed for drilling.

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 25
Write the drilling cycle’s program to above diagram

O0004;
N1;
G21 G90;
G28 U0 W0;
G50 S2000;
G97 S200 M03;
N2 G00 T0101; ------------------- (12mm drill bit)
G00 X0 Z1.0 M08;
G74 R5;
G74 Z- 60 Q5000 F0.2;
N3 G28 U0 W0;
M05;
M30;

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 26
 GROOVING CYCLE FORMAT (G75)

G75 R---;
G75 X--- Z--- P--- Q--- F---;

Hear.
R ------- Relief amount.
X ------- Bottom diameter of the groove.
Z ------- Total length of the groove from origin point.
P ------- Shifting Allowance (or) Stepping distance
(Units in micron)
Q ------ Depth of cut in micron. (1mic = 0.001mm)
F ------ Feed for grooving.

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 27
Write the grooving cycle’s program to below diagram

O0004;

N1;
G21 G90;
G28 U0 W0;
G50 S2000;
G97 S200 M03;
N2 G00 T0101; ------------------- (5mm Grooving tool)
G00 X62 Z-35 M08;
G75 R5;
G75 X50 Z- 60 P1000 Q6000 F0.2;
N3;
G28 U0 W0;
M05;
M30

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 28
PATTERN REPEATING CYCLE FORMATE

G73 U--- W--- R---

G73 P--- Q--- U--- W--- F---

Hear:

U -------------- Depth of cut in “X” axis.

W -------------- Depth of cut in “Z” axis.

R -------------- Number of passes.

P -------------- Stating Block number of tool path.

Q --------------- Ending Block number of tool path.

U --------------- Finishing allowance in “X” axis.

W --------------- Finishing allowance in “Z” axis.

F ---------------- Feed

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 29
Write the part program to following diagram in pattern
repeating cycle

O0005;
N1;
CALCULATIONS
G21 G90;
No. of passes =
G28 U0 W0;
MAJ DIA – MIN DIA
G50 S2000; = 32 - 15
0.5
G96 S200 M03; = 34

G00 T0101; (NEUTRAL TOOL)

G00 X28 Z1.0 M08;

Created by SUBRAMANIAN 30
G73 U0.5 W0.5 R 34;
G7 P2 Q3 U0.0 W0.0 F0.2;
N2;
G01 X0;
G01 Z0;
G01 X15 Z-10;
G03 X28 Z-13 R 12;
G01 X20 Z-33;
G03 X23 Z-26 R3;
G03 X26 Z-29 R3;
G03 X29 Z-32 R3;
G01 X32 Z-35;
G01 Z-45;
N3;
U5;
G28 U0 W0;
M01;
M05;
M09;
M30;

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Created by SUBRAMANIAN 33