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Explain the significance of health and nutrition? What are the health and nutrition
conditions in Pakistan? Illustrate health expenditures in Pakistan?

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Heath is an item dealing with the way your body reacts towards the
surrounding and inside the body. Possessing or enjoying good health or a sound and vigorous
mentality: a healthy body; a healthy mind.

This definition sums everything up. If we do not possess or enjoy good health
and a vigorous mentality, we are losing out on the essence of life. Health is our most important
investment, our biggest asset, its life or death. Its ironic how many people take their health, their
life for granted. They say they want to enjoy life to its fullest, but yet they are destroying their
own life themselves by their own lifestyles - drinking alcohol, eating unhealthy foods, being
over-weight and taking prescription medicine, or drugs. You can have all the wealth and
possessions to make you happy, but if you are unhealthy, they just won't enjoy them.

˜



   
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There is a close relationship between health and economic development of a

country. Ill health can prevent individuals from realizing their full potential. Good health, in
contrast, is identified as a vital component of a good quality of life. That is why access to good
health is recognized as a basic human need and a fundamental human right. ?

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Improving the health of children is one responsibility among many in the fight
against poverty. Healthy children become healthy adults: people who create better lives for
themselves, their communities and their countries. Improving the health of the world's children is
a core UNICEF objective. Since our founding, we have made significant progress in
immunization, oral rehydration to save the lives of infants with severe diarrhea, promoting and
protecting breastfeeding, fighting HIV/AIDS, micro nutrient supplementation and health
education.?
????????????? UNICEF understands the reasons why children are dying. On a daily basis we work
to bring practical solutions to the women and children at greatest risk. UNICEF knows what it
takes to ensure the survival and health of children and women.

UNICEF approaches all of the threats to child health ± and there are many ± with
extensive experience, efficient logistics and creativity.
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? It is widely recognized that a healthy childhood is the foundation for a healthy adult life.
? Habits formed in childhood have a long term impact on health and well being.
? Health is important to live a happy live.
?
eing physically healthy is of prime importance in life.
eing ill or not feeling well can
drastically affect your work. Obviously, if you feel physically and mentally healthy, you
can be more productive, as well as happier in your writing.
? One should give preference to health in his life.
? If you are not healthy, you end up always getting sick.
? One should follow a strict time table in their life to maintain good health.
? One should take moderate food and water to protect their health.
? One should have sound sleep for at least six hours per day.
? One should avoid taking alcohol, smoking cigars, habituating to gutkas, and any other
drugs.
? If we don¶t have health your body can be loss some weight.
? One has rightly said that health is wealth, it is true that good health is very important for
living a happy life, healthy mind lives in a healthy body, a person who has good health
also has good positive mind, hence positive thinking. And a happy life.
? A healthy person is always cheerful. He/she finds interest in doing a thing. He/she has got
strength of mind. He/she always sees the bright side of a thing. He/she is always hopeful.
He/she does not lose heart easily. A healthy person is then the happiest of all.
? The best wealth of a man - Health is our best wealth. It is the source of all happiness. A
man may possess much wealth. If his health is not good, he cannot be happy. He is
always sad. He does not find peace of mind.
? Health means happiness. Health is one of the most precious possessions we have and we
should learn to preserve it.





   
 

In your role as a technical writer, it is important that you are both physically and
emotionally healthy. You can't do a good job at writing, if you don't feel well.
eing healthy
gives you energy and mental alertness and allows you to write more effectively. You can
maintain your health by taking care of yourself and avoiding toxic situations.
?
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Healthcare continues to pose a major challenge for developing countries. Health

concerns both physical and emotional well-being.
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eing physically healthy means that your body is functioning as it should, without
pain, discomfort, or lack of capabilities. Causes of ill health include injuries, disease, diet, stress,
old age and genetics.







eing emotionally or mentally healthy means that your mind and emotions are
functioning as they should, without anxiety, depression or other malfunctions. Causes of mental
ill health include physical disease, stress, genetics and mental abuse.

You want to function properly both physically and mentally or emotionally.

Unhealthy habits and stressful working conditions can affect your health, as well as your ability
to write. You should take care of your health and work environment, so that you can feel good
and be productive.

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 V



Inspite of steady improvements in the health sector over the years the position is
not yet satisfactory. The health status of the nation is characterized by a high rate of population
growth of around á? ?  per annum and infant mortality rate of ? ? 
  live
births. The major killers are diarrhea and pneumonia in children, complications of pregnancy in
women of child bearing age, accidents in adults and cardiovascular disease and cancer in the
elderly. Drug abuse has emerged as a public health problem while malaria and tuberculosis
continue to be a potential threat. Communicable, infectious and parasitic diseases remain a
severe burden although recent gains have been made especially under the Expanded Programme
of Immunization. Dental cares and gum diseases are on the increase. Cavitation of teeth affects
children more than other age groups. Gums diseases affect a large number of population causing
premature and massive loss of other wise sound teeth by the ??.

At present there is one doctor for  ? , one dentist for a population of
! one primary health care facility for !? (rural) and one hospital bed for ?
. The problems being faced by the health sector include:

? Inadequate primary health care (PHC).

? High rate of population growth.
 ? Prevalence of communicable diseases.
? |anagerial deficiencies.
? Inadequate funding.
? |anpower imbalances.

esides there are other contributing factors like malnutrition, inadequate water
supply, lack of inter-sectoral coordination and environmental pollution.

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According to the analysis, health expenditures in Pakistan are relatively low in

international comparison. To answer the question whether these data reflect the real situation in
Pakistan or whether they exist due to statistical problems, Pakistan, for the first time, developed
its National Health Accounts (NHA) in 2009. Only the availability of good estimates of health
expenditures allows for evidence-based policymaking and therefore good governance. The
results clearly indicate that the situation in Pakistan is better than what was earlier estimated;
however, the total health expenditure is still low compared to neighboring countries and other
low income countries.

As a result, it is clear that the WHO health expenditure figures for Pakistan are
understated, because they mainly comprise public and household out-of-pocket expenditures on
health. Expenditures of many other entities, like military, cantonment boards, autonomous
bodies, private hospitals, and so on, have not been taken into account in earlier estimations.
Therefore, expenditure figures of NHA Pakistan are higher than those of WHO. Overall, the
official NHA results show that THE is 27 percent higher than the WHO figure.

Under the comparison, we calculate a raising factor that can be used for the
adjustment of NHA results according to NA. The raised NHA result shows 102 percent higher
out-of-pocket (OOP) spending on health; this would result in OOP health expenditures of $25.15
USD per capita (compared to only $12.45 USD per capita in the NHA estimation). This result,
based on the NA figure with $33 USD THE per capita, leads to a different evaluation in
international comparison, since it nearly reaches the level of India, with $37.5 USD and more
than the average of all LIC with $27 USD.


 

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 (also called  

 oraliment) is the provision, to cells and
organisms, of the materials necessary (in the form of food) to support life. |any common health
problems can be prevented or alleviated with a healthy diet.
The diet of an organism is what it eats, which is largely determined by the
perceived palatability of foods. Dietitians are health professionals who specialize in human
nutrition, meal planning, economics, and preparation. They are trained to provide safe, evidence-
based dietary advice and management to individuals (in health and disease), as well as to
institutions.
In this present climate, it is important that children are encouraged to engage in
some form of physical activity on a regular basis. Nutrition and activity levels have a key impact
on children's health and well being with the following benefits.

Children who partake in regular physical exercise:

? hemain mentally alert and have enhanced levels of concentration

? Are more likely to be active adults
? Have a reduced risk of heart disease
? Experience a boost in confidence and self-esteem

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Do you ever think about why you eat? The easy answers are because you are
hungry, tired and your stomach is rumbling. Sometimes you might also eat because you are
bored, sad or happy, just because it's lunchtime, or because that chocolate-covered donut looks
so good.
Those are some of the emotional and physical reasons why you eat, but do you ever
put much thought into why your body needs food? Not just any food, by the way, but healthy,
good-for-you food? Why is good nutrition important?
Ê

 

  

The foods you eat provide the energy your body needs to function. Just like you
need to put fuel in your car or recharge your cell phone battery, your body needs to be fed
energy-providing foods every day. The main form of energy for your body is carbohydrates.

Your body has the easiest time digesting carbohydrates like sugar and starch.
Carbohydrates are broken down into individual glucose, fructose or galactose units. Glucose is
your body¶s favorite form of energy. If you don¶t get enough carbohydrates, your body can make
glucose from protein or fat -- and if you get too many carbohydrates, your body is very good at
storing them as fat.

 

 

 

Protein in the foods you eat is broken down into individual amino acids. Your
body uses the amino acids to build and repair the various parts of your body. Your muscles
contain lots of protein, and you need to replenish that protein through your diet. Your body also
needs protein for components of your immune system, hormones, nervous system, and organs.

Another raw material your body needs is calcium. Calcium has several functions in
your body, but its best known as the mineral that is stored in your bones and teeth. You need
calcium from your diet to keep your bones and teeth strong.

Your body also needs fats to be healthy. |embranes that contain fats surround all
the cells of your body. Your brain has fatty acids, and fats are also needed to signal hormones.




 V



??????????????????In Pakistan the per capita availability of calories and proteins has increased over
time. At present the per capital in-take of calories per day is 2606 calories per day of the
recommended daily allowance, while per capita protein available is 69.61 grams to the
population has reached the prescribed norm. hice pulse, milk, meat, fruit and vegetables has
increased by around ??á??!!?????? ?

However, malnutrition continuously exist to a considerable degree, primarily

because of inequitable distribution of food between the rich and the poor. It has been estimated
that majority of all children under the age of 5 suffer from moderate to severe malnutrition. |ost
of these infants are born to women in poorer household who are already under nourished and
weak from inadequate food and excessive child bearing.

Low income household spend almost fourth-fifths of their income on food. The
primary item of which is wheat, which does not provide an adequate level of energy. High cost
items like fish, meat and eggs are often not available in adequate quantities to growing children
resulting in under nourishment.

Over the last 45 years, there has been considerable expansion in the health facilities
in the country. |ost of the facilities are concentrated in urban areas. The rural areas are far
behind in terms of the availability of health facilities. Yet considering the overall national
requirements the available facilities are much below the desired level, and compared poorly with
standards achieved in other countries. This inadequacy is high incidence of disease, low life
expectancy and infant mortality compared to other developing countries of the region.

Such poor conditions are result of meager allocations, made for the sector. The total
expenditure on health as percentage of GDP has increased from 0-4 percent in 1960s to 0.8
percent in 1990s. From the comparison health and nutrition across country comparison, it is clear
that we are lagging behind all the countries of our counter parts equivalent in developing
conditions.

Pakistan is also suffering from absolute poverty, income inequalities, non-

availability of basic needs, like food, health facilities, drinking water, sanitation, schooling,
electricity and lack of employment opportunities. The poverty is usually wide-spread in rural
areas. Absolute poverty not only exists but it keeps on increasing.

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