Arabic Grammar - Level 05 - English Book

Quranic Arabic
Program
Level 5: Advanced Arabic
Muhammad Mubashir Nazir
At the end of this level, you’ll be able to appreciate the fine rhetorical
concepts in the Arabic language. You’ll be able to understand the
Islamic literature in Arabic without consulting a dictionary frequently.
www.mubashirnazir.org
This book is the beta version of this program. Quality review is in progress. Certain spelling, grammar or
language mistakes are possible in this book.
Table of Contents
Description Page
Introduction 4
Lesson 1A: Attributes of a Good Communication 7
Lesson 1B: Surat-ul-Furqan to Surat-ul-Qasas 13
Lesson 2A: Parables !"# 35
Lesson 2B: Surat-ul-A’kaboot to Surat-ul-Ahzaab 38
Lesson 3A: Types of Parables !"# $%& 56
Lesson 3B: A Selection of Hadith 60
Lesson 4A: Allegory '"() !"#* 79
Lesson 4B: Khutubaat-ul-Arab 82
Lesson 5A: Literal & Figurative Meanings +, -"-. 104
Lesson 5B: Types of Deceived People 113
Lesson 6A: Special Types of Metaphorical Meanings /0(1 02( 341 135
Lesson 6B: Applying the Procedure of Evaluation of Hadith Authenticity 143
Lesson 7A: Descriptive & Non-Descriptive Styles #56 7 163
Lesson 7B: An Introduction to Islamic Economics - Part I 170
Lesson 8A: Real & Figurative Use of Interrogative Words

192
Lesson 8B: An Introduction to Islamic Economics - Part II 201
Lesson 9A: Wish, Hope & Call 223
Lesson 9B: Travels of Ibn Batuta 229
Lesson 10A: Description & Omission

254
Lesson 10B: Human Being in the Muslim Philosophy 259
Quranic Arabic Program 2 Level 05

Table of Contents
Description Page
Lesson 11A: Sequence of Words ="> :=0- 280
Lesson 11B: Political Views of Ibn Khaldun 284
Lesson 12A: Use of Proper & Common Nouns ="2 ?01 305
Lesson 12B: Views of Muslim Philosophers on Ethics 315
Lesson 13A: Use of Specifications in a Sentence ""- @A6 335
Lesson 13B: An Introduction to Quranic Studies 340
Lesson 14A: Limiting Something - 361
Lesson 14B: The Seven Odes – Part I 365
Lesson 15A: Amount of Words to Describe Meanings 384
Lesson 15B: The Seven Odes – Part II 391
Lesson 16A: Use of Communication for a Different Purposes 411
Lesson 16B: Styles of Expression in the Quran 415
Lesson 17A: Turning the Direction of Communication 86 439
Lesson 17B: Surat-ul-Saba to Surat-ul-Zumur 441
Lesson 18A: I’lm-ul-Badee’ 90 :;< 464
Lesson 18B: Surat-ul-Mu’min to Surat-ul-Hujuraat 469
What’s Next? 499
Bibliography 500

Introduction
Dear Reader:
Assalam o alaikum!
Thanks for selecting “Quranic Arabic Program” to learn the Arabic Language. We will take you through a
series of lessons. At the end, you will be able to understand the Arabic Language Insha Allah. This program
contains an easy approach to learn the Arabic Language. This program covers the language of Islamic
Literature but it is name the “Quranic Arabic Program” because the Quran resides at the central position in
this program.
People learn Arabic Language due to two reasons: To understand the Quran, the Hadith and classic Arabic
Literature; or to speak and write in the modern Arabic to communicate with Arabs. This course is targeted
towards the former objective. Although people with the second objectives can also get benefit of this
program.
Due to its systematic nature, Arabic is one of the easiest languages of the world. It has well-defined rules
and a developed language structure. If you are familiar with these rules, you can learn this language in a few
weeks.
To understand the Quran and the Hadith, it is essential to learn the Arabic Language used in the Quran, the
Hadith and the Islamic literature. We will focus on its linguistics, philology and figurative speech.
Study Methodology
Study Methodology is very simple. Study one lesson daily. Solve all the exercises provided under “Test
Yourself”. Do not read the answers before attempting the questions. Once you solve the exercises, compare
your answers with the answers provided to you. In a few weeks, you will find that your Arabic Language
skills are improving.
The Boxes
Following boxes are provided to you for your ready reference. They contain very important information for
you.
Rule of the Day

Build Your Personality Grammar and language rules will be
Objective of our course is not only provided in this box.
teaching the Quranic Arabic. We are
also concerned about transforming our Do you know?
personalities according to Quranic Facts about the Arabs, their Language,
teachings. This box will provide you the Islamic literature and history will be
tips for Personality Development. provided in this box.
Face the Challenge! Worth Reading

This box will challenge you which will help Links to good articles will be provided in
you in developing your language skills this box.

Introduction
The Program is organized as follows:

• Level 0: The objective of this level is to enable you to read the Arabic script.
• Level 1: The objective of this level is to enable you to understand the religious Arabic used in the
routine life.
• Level 2: This level is designed to improve your language skills. You learn basic grammar and enhance
your vocabulary. After completing this level, you become able to understand 30-40% of the Islamic
literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.
• Level 3: This level enhances your skills further. You read advanced concepts of grammar. Your
vocabulary becomes vast. After completing this level, you become able to understand 75-80% of the
Islamic literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.
• Level 4: You complete your studies of Arabic Grammar at this level. At completion of this level, you
become able to read 100% of the Islamic literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.
• Level 5: This is the last level of this program. You study the advanced concepts of “Arabic Eloquence”
at this level. At the end of this level, you become able to appreciate the fine rhetorical concepts in the
Arabic language. It enables you to understand the Islamic literature in Arabic without consulting a
dictionary frequently.
Level 1 – 5 are also divided into two streams. “A” series deal with the rules of Arabic Grammar &
Eloquence. Enough exercises are provided to you to learn the Grammar & Eloquence rules.
The objective of “B” Series is to build your vocabulary. Passages from the Quran, the Hadith and selected
writings of Arab scholars are provided to you. You have to learn the words and styles and then translate the
passages into English. You need not to cram these words. The lessons and the exercises are designed in a
way that you will automatically learn the grammar rules, words and Arabic styles. At this level, we shall not
provide you the answers for the B Series.
This program is not designed to teach you day-to-day conversation in the Arabic language. This program is
also not designed to teach you how to write in Arabic language. But this program will help you in achieving
these two objectives. You need an Arabic speaking environment as well as a teacher to achieve these two
objectives. Nevertheless, the program is basically designed to teach you comprehension in the Arabic
language.
Ask Your Questions

If you are facing difficulty in any lesson, feel free to ask your questions. Send an email at
mubashirnazir100@gmail.com. Feel free to share your views and valuable comments. Scholars of Arabic
language are strongly requested to please identify any mistakes in this book. Any constructive criticism will
be highly welcomed.
Important Note
This book is the beta version of this program. Quality review is in progress.
Certain spelling, grammar or language mistakes are possible in this book.

Introduction
Set-up Your Resources

Enable the Arabic Language in your computer. Follow these steps:
For Windows Vista Users
• Open "Regional and Language Options" from Control Panel
• Press “Keyboards and Languages” tab.
• Press “Change keyboards…” button
• Press “Add” button
• Select “Input Language: “Arabic“
For Windows XP Users
• Choose Language tab.
• Check the "Install files for Complex Script and right-to-left languages (Including Thai)".
• Press Apply to proceed
• Press Details button.
• Press Add button.
• Select the “Arabic (Saudi Arabia)” in Input Language drop down list.
• Select the default “Arabic (102)” keyboard.
• Press “OK” and then “Apply”.
The system may ask you to provide Windows CD during this process.
Warning: If you are using an unlicensed version of Windows, it may corrupt.
Download the following resources from this link to continue this program:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/Courses/Arabic/Level01/AR000-01-Contents-E.htm
• The Holy Quran
• Arabic Font
• A Dictionary: Download the Sakhr Arabic-English Dictionary and install it in your computer. After
that, do the following steps:
• In Regional Options change the standard format to Arabic (Saudi Arabia), and the location to be
Saudi Arabia
• Press the 'Advanced' card (The third card up) and then change the language to Arabic (Saudi
Arabia), then ok and restart your computer.
• Check that Sakhr Dictionary is working.
• Go back to the Regional Settings and change the settings to your normal settings.

Lesson 1A: Attributes of a Good Communication
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
Congratulations! Now you have completed the rules
of Arabic Grammar. You are able to read any Arabic Take care of your parents. They have taken
book with the help of a dictionary. With the care of you, when you were not able to do
expansion of your vocabulary, your dependence on anything.
dictionary will decrease.
From this lesson, we are going to start the discussion about Advanced Arabic. In the classical language in
which the Quran was revealed, was considered extremely important. The Arabs used to
conduct prose and poetry competitions in their festivals. Their Orators used to deliver sermons and their
poets used to read their poems. The winner was awarded in a way that his master-piece was hanged with the
wall of the Holy Ka’aba. These orators and poets enjoyed the highest status in their society.
At that time, the Quran was revealed. All Arabs whether they believed or not that it is the book of God,
agreed on the point that the language of the Quran is at the highest level of , and that level is
not achievable for any human being. At that time, the Almighty Allah challenged the opponents of Quran to
produce a language master-piece equivalent to the language of Quran with their combined effort.
:= KL M N( !( U; M( KO P= G( := L Q RK SK<O= !( ;( ) G( P= G( 3H 4 SK$T( SK*B DC 5( = < C;< EF5 EG( I
H 0=4 J(D := KL M N(
(2:23 3- ) .V %( O( W
If you are in doubt what We have revealed on Our servant (Muhammad), bring a chapter like it and call all
of your helpers (for it), if you are true.
Despite of their communication skills, they failed to produce something like the Quran. Even the strongest
opponents of Islam and Prophet Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W admired the language of the Quran. Walid
Bin Mughira, who was one of the major opponents of Islam, said to his friend Abu Jahl, “No person knows
war-poetry, biographical-poetry, intuitional-poetry and general poetry better than me, but by God, nothing is
comparable to this Quran. The sweetness and beauty of this communication is excellent.”
In these lessons, we shall learn the communication standards of the Classical Arabic.
Do you know?
Scholars differ on the definition of the term “Literature _O&”. Some include every
written item in it. Some of them use it to describe that piece of communication which
causes a change in mind, and emotions of its audience. An effective piece of
communication must be clear, complete, concise, cohesive, concrete, correct and
creating a nice impression. It should contain unique way of description, intellectual
depth, fantastic imagination, and attractive presentation. This is called “effectiveness”.
The effectiveness of a good piece of communication is similar to that of a masterpiece
of music, painting, poetry or some other art.

Fasahah
Literal meaning of D is “to become clear”. The `" 2 is the communication that is clear in
meanings. The words used in that communication should be formed by the grammar rules, their meaning
should be easily understandable by the people of that language. The words are used in a style that is widely
used by the language experts.
In evaluating the D of a communication in a particular language, literary taste of its native people is
very important. It is the sense that distinguishes between the good and the bad language. For example, to
describe the rainy clouds, Arabs use different words i.e. @
a 1KT b 0= O b5FKG etc. First two words are easy to
speak. They produce good acoustic effect on the ears of the listener. On the contrary, the word @
a 1KT is
difficult to speak and it also creates a sense of ugliness while listening.
Language experts have describe the following attributes of a `" D communication:
• The communication should not be formed against the grammar rules unless the native people use that
style against the grammar rule as an exception.
• The communication should not include any ugly word which is difficult to speak and creates a bad
impression on the listener.
• The communication should not include a combination of words that is difficult to speak or listen. For
example, try to read briskly the following verse of an Arab poet about the war:
c
K%_
H c
(%_
L% d
"C : K %C M( C2 T( _
H c
K%
(The grave of war is in the desert: Going near to the grave of war is not a grave itself.)
It is very difficult to read this verse briskly. Therefore, it is not a `" D communication.
• The words must be arranged in a proper sequence. If the arrangement is not proper, it may result in
unclear meaning. For example “If this hat does not fit your head, it should be made smaller.” In this
sentence, it is not clear which should be made smaller i.e. head or hat? The correct sequence is “The hat
should be made smaller, if it does not fit your head.”
• Proper words should be used which clearly describe the intended meanings. The words must be well-
known and they must be used by the language experts i.e. writers and poets.
• The communication must be free of unnecessary repetition and use of too many words.
Balaghat T
T is the appropriateness of a communication to its audience. The e"; 2 is the communication that is
`" D and appropriate words and sentences are used with respect to audient in order to produce desired
results. For example, if the objective of an advertisement is to invoke its audience to buy a product and
people got bored by looking at the advertisement, it will not be a e";T communication.
T is an art that refines the aesthetic sense of a student. After learning it, the student is able to differentiate
between an appropriate or an inappropriate communication.

Balaghat T (continued)

T is like painting. As an artist uses an excellent combination of colors to affect different physical and
intellectual senses of his audience, the e";T communicator uses an excellent combination of words and
sentences to affect the physical and intellectual faculties of his audience.
A good communicator organizes his views in form of appropriate words, sentences and styles and present it
in a way that directly affect the listening, aesthetic, logical and emotional faculties of the audience in a
positive way. A word, phrase or sentence may produce excellent effects at one place but may be extremely
unsuitable at another place. For example, a piece of excellent comedy poetry may produce a great laughter at
a matrimonial ceremony but it will be extremely unsuitable for a funeral ceremony.
A e";T communicator should consider the use of words, phrases and sentences appropriate to the intellectual
level of audience, their emotions and personal trends, place, topic under discussion etc. The T is not
limited to the words or their meanings. It encompasses all the aspects of communication i.e. words,
meanings, styles, audience, place, spot etc.
I’lm-ul-Balaghah :;<
The
:;< is developed to describe the rules by which words are derived from a set of source letters.
The S :;< is developed to describe the rules by which appropriate case I 5 9D4 is assigned to
words. Similarly, there are three disciplines developed to describe the rules about . Their
detail is as follows:
• J(51 :;<: It is the set of rules by learning which a person can protect himself / herself against
the mistakes in describing some meaning.
• M" :;<: It is the set of rules by learning which a person can make his / her communication
clear.
• 90 :;<: It is the set of rules by learning which a person can communicate in a beautiful way.
Face the Challenge!

Describe ten attributes of e"; `" 2 .
Rule of the Day:

When a pointing noun is used with a proverb, it gives the meaning of “they
are ones who”. For example MS;f :g hi (they are ones who are
successful).

Style _SL;&
_S;L (plural I"(&) stands for the style in which something is described. It means the “style of
expression” to achieve the specific objective of that communication. It includes a lot of this e.g. selection &
sequence of words & sentences, expression of fine feelings etc. We’ll study them in the next chapters. There
are three types of I"(&:
• J;(1 _S;j (Intellectual Style)

• J(TOj _S;j (Literary Style)
• J(Tkl _S;j (Persuasive Style)

Intellectual Style J(;(1 _S;j
This is the plain style that targets to the intellect of the audience. In this style, fantastic imagination which is
normally used by the poets is not used. Knowledge and intellectual arguments are clearly described. The
major characteristic of this style is “clarity” of the communication. The power of communication is the
clarity of language and presentation of arguments. The language is simple and does not require any
commentary of explanation. Easy words are used and there is no confusion about the meaning of a word.
Most of the text books are examples of this style.
Literary Style J(TOj _S;j

This is the style of poets and some prose-writers. Its major attribute is fantasy and imagination. Wonderful
ideas are presented, points which are difficult to understand are described in an absurd way, physical objects
and deeply-rooted thoughts are discussed in an allegorical way.
The poets do not look at the things like scientists. For example, a scientist considers a “rose” as a flower that
is used in pollination to produce further plants of roses. On the contrary, a poet considers it as a symbol of
“love”. A scientist considers the “moon” a planet on the sky moving around the earth. A poet considers it a
symbol of “beauty”. A scientist considers the “fire” as something which burns. A poet may use this word to
describe the human feelings of rage, hatred and jealousy.
Persuasive Style J(Tkl _S;j

It is the combination of above two styles used by the public-speakers. They use the power of words,
meanings, arguments, logic, emotions to persuade their audience to do something. The main attribute of this
style is its effectiveness. If a communication really motivates its audience to act accordingly, it is successful
otherwise not. The effectiveness of that communication depends on the position of the speaker, his way of
delivering the speech, his appearance, his style of presenting arguments, his use of voice and non-verbal
methods to convey his message.
The distinguishing feature of this style is the use of persuasive words, use of proverbs and different words
persuading for the same objective. Different expressions e.g. descriptions, interrogations, exclamations and
even silence (like a silence for a moment during the speech) are used to motivate for the same objective.

Test Yourself
1. Describe the distinguishing features of : J(Tkl _S;j J(TOj _S;j J;1 _S;j
2. Translate the following passages and identify the type of _S;& of each one.
_S;& J(T<

Sg (? K JDC O P "= T _ K S2 (!"(5 ;< qL EFK (^ K Sg ML L-
;< _ ( 1 ( ;L T( qC F 5 MC - sM& := ;C <D :K "= $ G& ... ( EGjy P "= T a *( SKG
.!("( * !( *( O KG J(D !K "5(1G MSC;10 !K 5SK 0 :s; SK5C2D .:((C T I ( "(&
P( kT P(G
L -L $0 '( k J(D n<( ^ y 4& -D ( CS ( qC 9K ,* 5N
M {D
qL F0 D .!0(S
= * b
"
( R a 0 !K 5KO N qH G PG G bqG } ( 4j ;< !K C G !( G&
^ 'T J(k1K* $ .!"N ~ ( L 4 : L 1= * 'C k hT ? K kL ;0 ^
.y #0 G y #0 PG J(k1K0
P< OK SK1-C M (w1 _ ( ST& 9" J(D xG< x"= ) y < M z{D
M MN .(T ST& 9" P(G !(S>T ;K q( G|T !( T(gC h .I ( $2
pK 4K SLD ML K1 .!( ($5 ;< I ( $2 P< } K -5 M x"= $0 y "D @( + I ( ;A J(D ( C06
8= + T = %C (5Gj o(N 3C ES-L 9K m M E5N( KI$ = DC n"G& 3"K< ST& P= 2L 0 :C
!( T(=W& PG n < qL S r C 1 T S= 0 8+ T :PCAS= G PG C)& J(D 3L ES-L pg
:= gK O E+ !=< := K < !s; Jt4 3"K< T& :";< EG& u0- n="<( =SU-;"
pK "= C :v = , ( 0 := C =* PG nT (

_S;& J(T<

M2G oN % K!%C = & !K 1 & !K ;C R _ ( TL PG !( ";< hz qA ;D
oN hz pK C<D ./ = 0 :;D '( j !( C;< ;=<j !K C A& C'DL 'L ( 0
PG ERBT !( %( G oN O< E:L K!K P 2C )C04 ED (`= @ ( A6 V T C sM&
! !K L( M2D .hz 'C % pK g& % M MH 2G J(D !K G SLAK> d DC oj !( *(EG
( C 3( ER( J(D O + !K 5& E
D S%& ( "5) J(D ( = E P< pK FK , = <( K?1 t&
.@
( A6 ` ( = 9( TK* J(D (V1 ` ( CD J(D
G H E"G &L J(T J(D x<( ^ 4& -D CMCk;$ !T E# K ( qC 9K ,
= * 5N
;% M {D
O 4& P=" ( E2L ( E$ q( P(G <& G I ( g U P(G :K1K :< &
J ( 0 PG :K $ = & Jg H 0 I
( ;k qC f 9,* 5N ;% MN .O 4& G :(T ^
.!";< 5& G
( (7T( N 4( = *K b CF( = G N !"D 5& G @ SCD G ^ SD "D 5&
ML $5(N u
( "= 1 I
( "(kT( E0K D ML - 5K E:* G z(N H JR 'L2
(
ML F C& 8
a $
G MGEF;( b <ESGK
a S5C& ( g 9K (,DC
ML S;K 6T U' ( G L;$
0K Mb S;K
( O( S
; (
9 C& .OK 4=SfC !C%R G qC %N ( 6 ;< PK T ^ ( K = < 'C % &
!KG ^ ( 8 K SC;W J(T U;1 * .8 ( " !*0T nA4 B0 !K 5$ M2D (M L-T
( E,
; ( '( 1 ; !$ 5 4 C 5 .!;( PG ! F & !";<
.9tS g ( "= J(D M<StSG Kg .
K (> K = 6 :M :;1 J(D
._( 1 M( $;( T( qC EF5 5N ^ _
( 9 "( sMBT :K ;1 :^ _ ( :K ;(< ( ( PG
(OR46 (_Oj (!;( 0(F= * J(D } ( = (> SK$G (^ _ ( ( ( T( LDC ( 1
.( T6

Lesson 1B: Surat-ul-Furqan to Surat-ul-Qasas
Dear Reader! Build Your Personality

In this lesson, we shall continue our study of the Holy Quran. A successful person is one who can
The Surahs mentioned in the Lesson 1B & 2B are structured
lay a firm foundation with the bricks
in a way that they give a complete message. It is your
assignment to discover the structure of this part of the Quran. that others throw at him or her.
:" P= ^ :$T MC C%L 3L 4 SK

}( 4= BC 8( E$ h K ; GK !K C (U . x0(5 V ( C1; ( MC SL2"( 1p( ( = < ;C < MC C%= L qC EF5 (U 4 *
!( 5(KO P= G( L7 E* . x0(- * pK 4 E-C DC H J= R U'L ;C > h ( ; K J(D h a 0(R !K C P= 2L 0 := C xC 7 ( E0 := C
3n " C *xS= G MC SL2;( = 0 C x1 5 C t := ( $
( L 5=BC( MC S2L ;( = 0 C MC SL-;C 7
= 0K := gK ni"= R MC SL-;L 7
= 0 C n (
. x4SK#5K C
. x4K+ x; L y = -C DC ۖ MC K> a S= %C !( "= ;C < !K 5<&C pK D h a D N( UN( Cg M N( KC C P 0(U qC C%
J(D E$ :K ;C 1= 0 (U !K CF 5=&C ' %L .n;"(W&C 3n 2 TK !( "= ;C < ;C = *K J ( DC 2 V (EBC K A( &C SLC%
J(D J(#= 0 1Uk 'L L B 0 3 q( SKE Cg q( G SLC% .x"( 4 x4SLC MC C !K E5N( ۚ } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$
ۚ = G( 'L L B 0 b E !K C ML SL2* = &C Fa = C !( "= CN( -C ; 0K = &C . x0(5 !K 1 G MC SL2"DC h a ;C G !( "= CN( qC F( 5=&L CS= C ۙ @
( S= BC
. 4x SK$ = G n;K 4 UN( MC SK1(E* M N( MC SK(U qC C%
x"= > h
C 'C 1 Q R M N( (U 4 * .n;"( MC SK1"(k$ = 0 C;DC S; DC qC C)G= BC h
C SKT t ? "= C = L 5=
P= ( 5= <= &C ۖ ( < E$(T SKTUC ' T . x4SK %L h C ' 1 ,= 0 4K 5=BC (
= * P= G( (, = * 8
H E h (zC P= G(
x5C2G = G( SL-&L CzN( . xD( + n" * C SK1( H "(1T MH C2G P= G( := K *=&C4 CzN( . x1( ( < E$(T _ UC
. x)(C x4SKL SK<O= x ( x4SKL S= " SK<= * C . x4SKL h (gK =S< O V
5(E-C GK n-"t

(1) The t in p< indicates the love and affection of Almighty Allah for His Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. The chiefs of
pagans were torturing the Prophet mentally. These verses indicate the concern of Almighty for His Prophet. The
objective is to relieve the Prophet’s heart. (2) Use of q1D _T means “he asked to write”. The question was raised
because the pagans knew that the Prophet does not know reading or writing. (3) This question expresses ridicule of
the pagans.
Death, destruction x4SKL Roaring xD( + Fake h

a D N(

MC y#0 G "(D := K C . x( G F := K C = 5C ۚ MC SL-EK <( K J(U ( ; 7 K L E = &C a "= > h
(zC &C ' %L
:= K5=&C&C qL S-L "DC !( U; M( KO P= G( MC KK1= 0 G := gK K # K = 0 S= 0 .nSLi$ = G x<= h T4 ;C < MC C ۚ P 0((>
h 5(KO P= G( C 7 ( E5 M &C C J(= 0 MC C G h 5= K SL%C C'"(E$ S;t := gK = &C ( CK g (O<( := K; ;C t
= &C
MC SLSL-* T( := L SKTUC = -C DC . x4SKT xGS= %C SK5C SK$5 E := gK Q T := K 1= EG P= 2( C Q "(= &C P= G(
. x(C xT C< !K % ( 5K := 2L = G( := ;( 0 P= G ۚ x= 5 C nD= W
MC SK1"(k$ = * DC
:= 2L 1= T ; 1 ۗ @ ( S= BC J(D MC SK#= 0 1Uk MC SL;L B "C := KE5N( UN( 1 V ;( = K P G( h
;C = %C ; 4= &C G
L 2C (C; "= ;C < qC F( 5=&L CS= C 5Q C-( MC SK= 0 C P 0(U qC C% . x( T h T4 MC C ۗ 2 MC K(= *&C n = D( / H 1= (
. x (C SK<K =S< := ( $
( L 5=&C J(D K2 = ( -C C ۗ ET4 5 = &C
SL;( < G CN( G= ( %C .3 x4SK, = G x,= ( MC SLSL-0 V G( ( ,
= K ; ( H i(G S= 0 #
= TK C C 2C (C; CM= 0 S= 0
K U-#
* S= 0 .n;"(-G PK $ = &C -C $
= GK a "= > H i(G S= 0 ( E,
_ K W = &C . x4SL)= G g pK ; 1 , DC 'H < P= G(
P 0(D( C2 C;< xGS= 0 MC C ۚ P( = E;( H i(G S= 0 hK ; K .n;0(F= * L 2C (C; qC F5K ( (T y E$
J("= C ;C 0= 0 .n;"( q( SKE 9 G 8 K 7 E* J("= C 0 qL SL-0 !( 0= 0 ;C < :K (U 4 /1 0 S= 0 . x$ ( <
.nL> M( $5={(; ( ML Ck"= E# MC C ۗ J(5Q z N( 1= T ( P( < J(U;t &C = -C C .n;"(;> x5C;DL 7( E*&C := C
P G( K < J(5 '2L ( ; 1 h (C C . x4SK,= G MC =-L Cg L7 E* J(GS= %C UMN( _4 0 qL SKE qC C%
ۚ 3n ( ;K ML =-L !( "= ;C < qC F5K CS= C KC C P 0(U qC C% . x( 5 x0O( g h T T( C C ۗ V G( ( ,
= K
. x$ ( * P $
= &C
(T i ( UN( 'H )C T( h
5SK*B 0 C .5 n;"(*= * pK ; E*4 ۖ O DL !( T(
)CK( h
(C C
.n;"( ' t &C x5C2G ¡R h i(CL& : E CN( =:( g( SKK 6 ;C < MC K# = 0K P 0(U
(1) It is an indirect communication to the pagans. The communication is directed towards the Prophet but actually
the question of the pagans is answered.
(2) If a directive / request is described in a descriptive way, it indicates that the speaker is motivating people to do
so. If a
is added to it, it creates more emphasis.
(3) This word has two meanings: Big cover and veil or “I seek refuge”. Here it is used in the second meaning.
(4) Cutting hands with teeth is an expression for regret.
(5) '"** means reading with special arrangement. It may be self-reading or reading in front of people.
(6) The word ;< after M# indicates that the word is in meaning of MS$0 which means “pulling & dragging”.
Deserted, target of foolish task x4SK,= G Dust g Worthless x4SKT

SKTUC P 0(U ( S= -C CN( g z ; -L DC . x0(+ MC K4g pK >&C !K 1 G ; 1 _ 2( SKG "= * = -C C
5= <= &C ۖ n 0 ~
( E;( := gK ; 1 := gK % &C 'C K SKTUC EC H SK5 S= %C .1 xG( = * := gK 5= EG DC *(0(T
!K C T= t ¢;L . x)(C h (zC P "= T x5K%L ~E _ W = &C O SKC xO< .x"(&C xT C< V ( (U;(
ۚ 5= 0 SK5SL20 := ;C DC &C ۚ ( S= E$ kC G 8 = k( G= &L J(U ( 0= -C C;< =S*&C = -C C .1 x(= * 5= E* ¢;L ۖ qC C)G= BC
. x4SK#5K MC SK= 0 C SK5C ' T
M &C CS= C ( ( P= < ;
( "KC O C M (N .nSK4 !K U; r C 1 T (U Cg &C xFK gK UN( h 5L7 ( E0 M N( = C&4 CzN(
pK Sg !K CN( C 7 E* P( G 0=&C4 &C .n;"( ' t &C P= G _ C1 MC = 0 V ( MC SK;C 1= 0
S= ۚ "= ;C < 5= W

:= gK ' T ۖ ( 15=BCC UN( := gK M N( ۚ MC SL;-( 1= 0 = &C MC SK1 $
= 0 := gK )C &C UM&C I
K $ = * = &C n;"( !( "= ;C < ML SL2* 5=BCDC &C
2 .n;"(
' t &C
pK = %C E:L n;"(O !( "= ;C < d = E# ; 1 E:L x( !K ;C 1 ,
C Q R S= C U' EG ? "= C h T4 CN( 3 * := C&C
(U S gK . x4SK#5K 4 E 'C 1 x*K S= E x( 'C "= U; :K 2L C 'C 1 (U S gK . x$ ( 0 x= %C "= CN(
!K "-( $= 5K x"= G 3n ; T !( T( J "(
= K( . x4SKAC G ( E$ P G( F 5=&C ۚ !( ( = 4
= 0 P "= T x#
= TK
0 'C 4= C&
S= C . x4SL L UN( ~ ( E K )C &C TBCDC KUU"( =:K "= T 4 pK D EW = -C C . x)(C EJ( 5&C xG15=&C - ;C > EG(
. x(C xO( !( T( := gK = g( P 0(D( C2 (9k( *K C;DC . x0(5 H 0= %C 'L J(D ) 1 C i R(
x,
= ( x>+ = T K "= T 'C 1 a &L a`; G( C g 8 a DL _ a < Cg P( 0= = G (U S gK
MC KK1= 0 . x0(%C h T4 MC C ۗ x= W ( x$ 5 !K ;C 1 ,
DC x#
T ( P G( ;C > (U S gK .5 x4SK, = G
x#GK UN( ; 4= &C G . x( C !( T4 ;C < K D( C2 MC C ۗ := gK K 0 C := K 1K C = 0 C G !( U; M( KO P= G(
.n;"( !( T4 CN( C 7
( E0 M &C Q R P= G UN( H = &C P= G( !( "= ;C < := 2L LBC= &C G ' %L . x0(5
(1) Use of 4 G with the verb indicates the intensity. (2) The objective of these comments on the pagans is to express
God’s sympathy for the Prophet. (3) Here the word for t G indicates that each person of the audience is
targeted individually. (4) The sentences O .... pDW - are directed towards the Prophet ! !";< ^ ;W
:;. It is common in all languages that some special point which is not part of the original communication is placed
in between the communication. People are asked to ponder into the signs of God. Suddenly, an important instruction
is given to the Prophet and then the original communication is resumed. Such important point is called t1G ;K.
(5) Here it is in the meaning of cover and veil.
Marriage Relation (in-law
relation)
x= W
( Extermination, destruction x(= * Destruction, ruin xG( = *

;C > (U . x(> p( O( <( _ ( SK5L T( !( T( C C ۚ p( ( =

T( `= 8
K SK0 C (U J C;< ' US *
. x(> !( T( q BC= CD PK = E ۚ w
( = 1 C;< S = E:L H E0&C ( E( J(D K "= T G } 4= BC 8
( E$
(3,) . x4SL5K := gK O + 5K GK B * ( K , K$ = 5&C KP = E G SLC% P( = E;( K,
K = :K K C 'C "(% CzN(
'C "= U; 'C 1 (U S gK . x(GK x %C x ( "(D 'C 1 xKTK ( E$ J(D 'C 1 (U 4 *
. x4SL2RK O 4&C = &C UU0 M &C O 4&C P= ( n C ; >( 4 E
.xGC; SLC% MC SL;g( , :K K AC > CzN( 5xS= g }
( 4= BC C;< MC SK#= 0 P 0(U P( = E OK <(
.xG"%( xE,K := ( T ( MC SK"(0 P 0(U
.xGC-GK -C $
= GK 8
= Q E5N( .xG C MC C T C< UMN( ۖ : E _
C< E<
= ( W
= ET4 MC SLSL-0 P0(U
.xG S%C h
(zC P "= T MC C KK- 0 := C SLD( $
= 0K := C SL-C 5=&C CzN( P 0(U
ۚ MC SK5F= 0 C
(T UN( !K U; E J(U d
E MC SL;K- 0 C > xCN( !( U; 9 G MC SK<= 0 C P 0(U
P G _
* P= G UN( .x5GK !( "(D = ;L 7
= 0 ( G "-( S= 0 _
K C1 !K C ?
= < 0K .1 xGC&C ; 0 h (zC ' 1 0 P= G
_ * P= G .x"( 4 x4SLC !K U; MC C ۗ 8 H $ := ( *(Ci" !K U; qL 0K h i(CLBDC 1 x(W n; < 'C ( <
.xTG !( U; CN( _K SK0 !K E5{(DC x(W 'C (<
.xG ( G S( = U;(T G CzN( 4 F MC K #
= 0 C P0(U
.x5"= <K W
K "= ;C < 7
( 0 := C := ( T4 8
( 0(T KzL CzN( P0(U
.2 xGGN( V
-( EK ; ( ; 1 = PH "K<= &C 3C E%L *(E04zL ( += &C P= G( C I
= g ET4 MC SLSL-0 P 0(U
-C $
= GK
= $
K ۚ "(D P 0((> .xGC; n E"
( * "D( MC S= U-;C 0K KW T( C DC = K MC = F , = 0K h
i(CL&
.xG F( ML SL20
S= $
DC := KT=UC = -C DC ۖ := L £K <OK CS= C JT4 := 2L T( BL1= 0 G ' %L .xGC-GK
(1) These two sentences provide a comparison.
(2) It is not a prayer to get leadership. It is a prayer for the right guidance of one’s family and followers.
He does not care BL1= 0 G They are not stingy KK- 0 := C Atrocious, seizing xG C

:" P= ^ :$T ( 1 #

K 3L 4 SK
:= ( "= ;C < q F5K B #
5 M N( .V (G( = GK SK5SL20 U&C h $ 5 9a >( T h
U;1 C .V ( (K _ ( 2( 8K 0 h ; *( .:$A
SK5C UN( H = GK P( = E P G( H z( P= G( := ( "(*B 0 G .V 1( t
( > C := K %L <= &C = U;C DC n 0 ( E$ P G(
= 5=&C := C }
( 4= BC CN( = 0 := C &C .MC SLF( = $ = 0 !( T( SK5C G y 5=&C := ( "(*B "$
DC SKTUC = -C DC .V t ( ( 1= GK !K = <
FK 0(F1 S K C h ET4 UMN( .V (G( = GK := gK K )C &C MC C G ۖ n 0C h (zC J(D UMN( H¤( C H = + 'L P= G( "(D
.:K "( E
.MC SL-E0 C&C ۚ MC S= < = D( S= %C ...V
( (U S= -C
( M( &C SKG h
T4 O5 z N(
:= K C .MC K4g CN( ' ( 4= BCDC J(5$( K ;( kC = 0 C (4=W
K "(0 .M( SKT2C 0K M &C
K >&C J5N( _4 qC C%
.M( SL;K- 0 M &C
K >BCDC 1 I
a 5=zC EJ;C <
2 .MC SK1( $
= GK := 2L 1 G E5N( ۖ *(0(T g z CD ۖ U;C qC C%
.'C "( = N( J(T 1 G ' ( 4= &C M &C .V
( C1 _4 qL SK4 E5N( CSL-DC MC S= < = D( "*(B DC
P G(
5=&C
; 1 DC J(U h
;C 1= DC
; 1 DC V(( ( K <K P= G( "(D
) (C x"( "(D h
T 5K := C&C qC C%
.P 0(D( C2
P G( J(;C 1 x 2 K JT4 J( I
g S DC := 2L K >( EC := 2L = G( 8
K 4= C DC .3 V E P G( 5&C nzN( K; 1 DC qC C%
.'C "( = N( J(T 8 = E< M &C EJ;C < K * b 1= (5 h
; *( .V
;( = K
V( C1 _4 G ML S= < = D( qC C%
.V
(%( SKG := K= L M N( ۖ K "= T G }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ _4 qC C%
(1) The Israelites were enslaved by the Pharaoh. Once an Egyptian was beating an Israelite. Prophet Moses 3S; !";<
$ stopped him to do so. He attacked on him. By defending himself, Moses jabbed him with his fist which hit him
unintentionally at a sensitive place and he died. That incident became the reason of his migration. Here, he is
indicating that incident. (2) A sentence is omitted here due to its perceptibility. “After receiving instructions of his
Lord, he went to the Pharaoh with his brother Aaron.” Then he demanded the manumission of Israelites from
slavery. (3) This word is also used to describe “one in search of something”. Here it is used in this meaning.
You enslaved 8
= E< It is eloquent K ;( kC = 0 One who frets himself to death 9a >( T

CMSK1( $
= * C&C !K CS= P= ( qC C%
.V
(EBC :K 2L (T _4 := 2L T4 qC C%
.Mb SK,
= C := 2L "= CN( 'C ( 4= &L (U :K 2L CSK4 UMN( qC C%
.MC SL;-( 1= * := K= L M N( ۖ K "= T G _
( ( = @
( ( #
= _4 CqC%
.V
5(SK,$
= P G( h
E;C 1 = BCC ("= C xCN( 8
7
E* P( i(C qC C%
HV(GK H J= #
T( h
Ki ( S= C &C qC C%
.V
%( O( E P G(
= L M N( !( T( 8
( B DC qC C%
Cg UMN( !K CS= {(;C ; ( qC C% .P 0(( E;( y "= T J g( Cz{(DC pK 0
F 5 .Va (GK Mb 1= L J g( Cz{(DC pK < -C BCDC
CMKGK B * CzDC p( (
=$( T( := 2L t ( 4= &C P= G( := 2L ( 7
= 0K M &C K 0(0K .:a "(;< a ( $C
.:H "(;< 4H E '2L T( SK*B 0 .P 0(R( P( ( J(D r
1 T= pK >&C != (4= &C SLC%
SK5C M N( 3C
E$ 9K (E5 U;1 C CMSK1( ,
= GK := K5=&C ' g ~
( E;( 'C "(% .H SL;1= G H S= 0 8
( C-"(( 3L
E$ 9 ( , K DC
.V
(( :K gK
P ( C nzN( := 2L E5N( := 1 5 qC C% V(( PK
= 5 EL M N( x= BCC C EP(&C MC S= < = ( ( SLC% 3L
E$ Q E;C DC
.V T(E-C K
PK
= C E5N( MC S= < = D( 3( EF1( T( SLC% := K E"( <( := K C ( =S-C BCDC .MC SL-; GK := K5=&C G SL-&C SKG := K C qC C%
.P 0(( 3L E$ J -( BLDC .MC SL2D( B 0 G ?
K -C ; * J g( Cz{(DC pK < SKG -C BCDC .MC SK(
.MC K4g SKG _4 .V
( C1 _ T( EG SLC%
EP1 k%C BLC ۚ MC SK;C 1= *
S= $
;C DC
= $ :K 2L U;< (U :K L K (2C C !K E5N( ۖ := 2L C MC zC M &C 'C = %C !K C := K= G qC C%
1 .V 1( = &C := 2L E;W
BLC
H C;>( P= G( := 2L ;C K 4= &C =:2L 0( 0=&C
(1) Amputation was a common practice for the Pharaoh. He also used to punish by crucifying.

.V
(G( = K qC E&C EL M &C 50Ck> T4 C ( = 0 M &C 9K k 5 E5N( .MC SK;( -C = GK T4 CN( E5N( ۖ "= t
C SLC%
( CK g UMN( .P 0(R( P( ( J(D ML S= < = D( 'C 4= BCDC .MC SK1EGK := 2L E5N( (O1( T( ( = &C M &C SKG CN( "= = &C
.MH SK"<K 8 H E P= G( := gK = >= BCDC .MC K4z( 9a "(, C E5N( .MC SL(C C := K E5N( .MC SL;"(;%C b G z( = # ( C
.'C "( = N( J(T g4 = &C h
(C C .¤H ( C H C-G +H SKL
J 1( G UMN( ۖ U;C qC C% .MC SL4 = K C E5N( SKG _ K W = &C qC C% M( 1= ,
Q * E;C DC .V %( ( #= GK := gK SK1*=BCDC
O( S= UkC @H = D( ' L MC C2DC ;C C 5=CD ۖ
= 1 T( _ = ( t= M( &C SKG CN( "= = BCDC .P( 0(= " JT4
h (zC J(D UMN( .P 0(> % &C E:L .V
1( = &C !K 1 G P= G SKG "= ,
5=&C .P 0(> E:C C+= &C .:( "(1
.:K "( E FK 0(F1 S K C h
ET4 UMN( .V (G( = GK := gK K )C &C MC C G ۖ n 0C
.V
( ( < C ' C DC xGW = &C K K1= 5 SLC% 1 CMKK1= * G !( G( S= %C !( "(TBC( qC C% z N( .: "(g T=N( BC5 := ( "= ;C < 'L *=
.MC SL;1 0 h
(C C 5Q T 5= ' T SLC% CM
K 0 = &C := 2L 5SK1C = 0 = &C CMSK<= * z N( := 2L 5SK1 $ = 0 ' g qC C%
(U .V ( C1 E_4 UN( J( ¡K < := K E5{(DC CMSKG % CB :K L £K T := K5=&C CMKK1= * := K= L G := K0=C& DC &C qC C%
E:L J(K"(0K (U .V ( ( # = 0 S K DC
K t = ( G CzN( .V ( -( $
= 0 J(K 1( k 0K S gK (U .P( 0(= 0 S K DC J(-C ;C >
2 .V ( (E (T J(- ( &C x2 K J( I = g _4 .P( 0 S= 0 J(iC"(k> J( ( = 0 M &C 9K A C& (U .V ( "( = 0K
P G( MC C !K E5N( J(TBC( = ( .:( "(1E ( E ( C4 P= G( J(; 1 = .P 0(>( J(D @ H = W ( MC $( J( ' 1 =
.MC SL)1 = 0K S= 0 J(5F( 7
= *K C .V
E
8
( + TK .V -( EK ; ( L E,

( C (+= &L .:H "(; I
H ; -C T( ! U; *&C P= G UN( .3 MC SKT C qb G 9K C = 0 C S= 0
.MC K( = 0 = &C := 2L 5KK = 0 ' g !( U; M( KO P= G( .MC KK1= * := K= L G P 0=&C := K C 'C "(% .P 0(; ( :K "(,

.MC SK1 = &C d "(;T=N( OK SKK .MC K := gK "(D SK2( = 2L DC
(1) The objective of this question is not to seek information. It is asked to depict the humility of idols.
(2) The communication was directed towards people. Suddenly its direction has changed from people to Allah. This
way of communication is very effective if the audience has a slight willingness. (3) This is a t1G ;K.
Mountain O( S= Uk Those who make angry MC SL(C No problem! We don’t

care
"= t
C
They were toppled one over
each other
SK2( = L At the time of sunrise V
%( ( #
= GK Group b G z( = R(

U;t
&C G .V ( C1 _ T( := 2L 0S$
5K z N( .VH (GK qH C;t J(C EL M N( !( U;* .MC SK( 7 = 0 "(D := gK SLC%
UMN( .V (G( = K P G( MC SL2DC 3n EC C UM&C S= ;C DC .:H "( H 0(W C .V 1( D( R P= G( C DC .MC SKG( , = K UN(
.:K "( E FK 0(F1 S K C h
ET4 UMN( .V
(G( = GK := gK K )C &C MC C G ۖ n 0C h
(zC J(D
! U; SL-E*CD .V
a G( &C qb SK4 := 2L C J5N( .MC SL-E* C&C
a SK5 := gK SK>&C := K C qC C% z N( .V ;( = K H SK5 K S= %C
= TUC
.M( SK1"(A&C ! U; SL-E*CD .V ( C1 _4 ;C < UN(
( = &C M N( ۖ H = &C P= G( !( "= ;C < := 2L LBC= &C G .M( SK1"(A&C
CMSLzC 4= BC h
1 E* h
C PK G( = 5K&C SLC%
O( 4( CkT( 5&C G .MC K1K #
= * S= C ۖ JT4 ;C < UN( := K TK$ ( M N( .MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C T( J(; <( G qC C%
.Va (GK a 0(5 UN( 5&C M N( .V
(G( = K
.V
G( SK= P G( EP5SL2C
K SK5 0 !( = * := C P= i(C SLC%
.V
(G( = K P G( J 1( G P= G J(,5 x= DC := K "= T J("= T `
= D CD .M( SKTUC J(GS= %C UMN( _4 qC C%
MC C G ۖ n 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( .V
%( K 1= T % &C E:L .M( SK# = h ( ; L J(D !K 1 G P= G pK "= , =5BCDC
.:K "( E FK 0(F1 S K C h
ET4 UMN( .V (G( = GK := gK K )C &C
! U; SL-E*CD .V a G( &C qb SK4 := 2L C J5N( CMSL-E* C&C Oa SKg := gK SK>&C := K C qC C% z N( .V ;( = K Oa < = TUC
n 0 9H 0(4 '2L T( MC SK= *&C .V
( C1 _4 ;C < UN( ( = &C M N( ۖ H = &C P= G( !( "= ;C < := 2L LBC= &C G .M( SK1"(A&C
.M( SK1"(A&C ! U; SL-E*CD .P 0(4E := K#
= kC T := K#
= kC T CzN( .MC K;L 7 = * := 2L U;1 C 9 5( G MC L7 ( E* .1 MC SL)1= *
_ C< := 2L "= ;C <
K >&C J5N( .MH SK"<K 8 H E .V (T H 15=BCT( := L EG &C .MC SK;C 1= * T( := L EG &C (U SL-E*
.:H "(< H S= 0
.V
( <( S P G( P= 2L * := C = &C
< &C "= ;C < ¥ S SLC%
MC C G ۖ n 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۗ := gK 2 ;C g= BCDC pK SKTU2C DC .V T(U1 K T( PK
= 5 G .V (EBC K ;L >K UN( Cg M N(
.:K "( E FK 0(F1 S K C h
ET4 UMN( .V (G( = GK := gK K )C &C
1. A’aad nation is famous for their construction. They used to build towers at different places without any use to
demonstrate their artistic power. Their archeological sties in Oman & Yemen reside such towers.

10000BC S5
2000BC :"g TN
900BC M"; O O
2000BC ¦S
1500BCP0G
1200BC MS<D 5000BC OSC
Site of ‘Aad, Zofaar, Oman 6000BC O<

(Thanks to www.55a.net)
300BC
Positions of the nations mentioned in the Quran
Noah’s Mountain, Turkey

(Thanks to www.panoramio.com)
Temple of the Sun, Sheba, Marib, Yemen

(Thanks to www.eltwhed.com)
The Site of Shu’aib’s Nation, Al-Bid’, Saudi Arabia
The Carved Homes of Thamud, Madain Saleh, Al-’Ula, Saudi Arabia

! U; SL-E*CD .V a G( &C qb SK4 := 2L C J5N( CMSL-E* C&C ` a (W := gK SK>&C := K C qC C% z N( .V ;( = K OK SKC
= TUC
gK g G J(D MC SL = *K&C .V ( C1 _4 ;C < UN( ( = &C M N( ۖ H = &C P= G( !( "= ;C < := 2L LBC= &C G .M( SK1"(A&C
1 V g( 4( CD x*SK"TK q( ,
( P G( MC SK( = * a:"(g 1K ; AC 'H 7 = 5 H K4+K HMSK"<K 8 H E J(D V(G(
.MC SK;( = 0K C } ( 4= BC J(D MC K$ ( 0K P 0(U .V D( ( $
= K G= &C SK1"(k*K C .M( SK1"(A&C ! U; SL-E*CD
.V
%( O( E P G(
= L M N( H 0(T 8
( B DC ;L ) G( a #
T U(N
5=&C G .P 0(E$
K P G(
5=&C E5N( SLC%
.:H "(< H S= 0 _
K C< := L C >K B "DC H SK$T( gS$ * C .H S;L 1= G H S= 0 _
K = R( := 2L C _
a = R( C b %C 5 p( ( g qC C%
UMN( .V
(G( = GK := gK K )C &C MC C G ۖ n 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۗ _
K C1 :K gK C > BCDC .V
G( O( 5 SKW
= BCDC gK-C 1 DC
.:K "( E FK 0(F1 S K C h
ET4
! U; SL-E*CD .V
a G( &C qb SK4 := 2L C J5N( .MC SL-E* C&C ¦ b SL := gK SK>&C := K C qC C% z N( .V ;( = K ¦H SL K S= %C
= TUC
P G( 2 MC MC SK*B *&C .V ( C1 _4 ;C < UN( ( = &C M N( ۖ H = &C P= G( !( "= ;C < := 2L LBC= &C G .M( SK1"(A&C
.MC KO< a S= %C := K5=&C ' T ۚ =:2L ( += &C P= G( := 2L T4 := 2L C ;C > G MC K4C * V( C1
.V
( 7
= K P G( EP5SL2C ¦
L SL 0 !( = * := C P= i(C SLC%
.MC SL; 1= 0 EG( J(;g= &C J(,5 _4 .V
(C- P G( := 2L ;( 1 ( J5N( qC C%
Q $DC ۖ xkC G := ( "= ;C < 5= kC G= &C .P 0(> 5= EGO E:L .P 0(T( J(D x+SK,< UN( .V 1( = &C !K ;C g= &C pK "= E,DC
.:K "( E FK 0(F1 S K C h ET4 UMN( .V (G( = GK := gK K )C &C MC C G ۖ n 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( .P 0(4C = K K kC G
! U; SL-E*CD .V
a G( &C qb SK4 := 2L C J5N( .MC SL-E* C&C I a "= 1 RK := K C qC C% z N( .V ;( = K ( 2C 0=BC _K W = &C _
UC
SK5SL2* C 3 'C "= 2C SLD= &C .V ( C1 _4 ;C < UN( ( = &C M N( ۖ H = &C P= G( !( "= ;C < := 2L LBC= &C G .M( SK1"(A&C
}( 4= BC J(D =S)C1= * C := gK Q "R= &C ~
E SK$7 = * C .:( "(-$ = K ~ ( Ck$ = -( (T SK5+( .P 0($ (7= K P G(
.V
(EBC C U;(,
( := 2L -C ;C > (U SL-E* .P 0($ ( GK
(1) Thamud are famous for their homes carved into rocks. They are still available near U’la, Saudi Arabia.
(2) The nation of the Prophet Lot $ 3S; !";< is famous for their homosexuality.
(3) The nation of Prophet Shu’aib $ 3S; !";< is famous for their dishonesty in business deals.
Generations C U;(,
( Those who lag behind P 0(T( Juicy :a "(g

"= ;C <
-( = BCDC .V
T(z( C2 P ( C h
L 5 M N( ;L ) G( a #
T UN( 5=&C G .P 0(E$ K P G( 5=&C E5N( SLC%
.V
%( O( E P G(
= L M N( ( E$ P G( n$ (
J(D UMN( .:H "(< H S= 0 _
C< MC C !K E5N( ۚ ( U; ( S= 0 _
K C< := gK C > BCDC pK SKTU2C DC .MC SL; 1= * T( :K ;C <= &C JT4 qC C%
.:K "( E FK 0(F1 S K C h ET4 UMN( .V (G( = GK := gK K )C &C MC C G ۖ n 0C h
(zC
J(T< MH $;( T( .P 0(4( = K P G( MC SL2( h (; %C ;C < .V K G( BC
K !( T( qC F 5 .V ( C1 _4 'L 0(F= C !K E5N(
;C < pK EF5 S= C C'"( = N( J(T y ;C <K !K ;C 1= 0 M &C n 0 := K C P= 2L 0 := C &C .V
(EBC ( TK+K J(C !K E5N( .V
H (GK
C .V G( ( ,= K _ ( SL;%L J(D pK 2 ;C h (C C .V (G( = GK !( T( SK5C G := ( "= ;C < pK &C -C DC .V ( ,
<= BC /
( 1= T
.: "(BC _
C1 K 0 E !( T( MC SKG( = 0K
M N( 0=&C DC &C CMSL;,( 1= $
= 0 T( C1 (DC &C CMKC = GK PK
= 5 ' g SLSL-"DC .MC K1K # = 0 C := gK n = T := K "*(B "DC
P= G( 2 ;C g= &C G .MC SK1E 0K SK5C G := K = < &C G .MC K< SK0 SK5C G := gK Q E:L V(( := gK 1= EG
G := K C J(= 0 G .V K A( "E# !( T( = CEF* G .V ( (C EL G z( .MC K4( = GK C UN( H 0= %C
.MC SLKF1= C 9( = E$ P( < := K E5N( .MC SK1"(k$ = 0
P( ( h
/
= ( >= .V T( % BC h
*# ( < 4= ( 5=&C .V T(U1 K P G( MC SL2DC > xCN( !( U; 9 G K = * C;DC
(U .:( "( E F( 0(F1 C;< ' US * .MC SL; 1= * EG( ¥ (T J5N( ' -L DC S= < M ({DC .V (G( = K P G( h
1 E*
.:K "(;1 9K "(E$ S gK !K E5N( .P 0(( E$ J(D h ; -C * .K SL-* V ( 0
.MC SKTz( C := gK K )C &C 9 = E$ MC SL-; 0K .:H "(&C H UD&C 'L ;C < qL EF* KVA( "E# qL EF* P= G ;C < := 2L iL5&L ' g
UN( .MC SL;1 0 C G MC SLSL-0 := K E5&C CMSK"(0 OH 'L J(D := K E5&C * := C&C .MC K :K K 1K (E0 y 1 #
P 0(U :K ;C 1= " ۗ SK;( L G ( 1= T P= G( K 5= x)(C ! U; KC zC 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U
.MC SK;( -C = 0 I
H ;C -C = GK E&C SK;C C
Worth Reading! What is Jealousy and what is its impact on human personality? Read
more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0012-Jealousy.htm
They wander aimlessly MC SK"(0 Those who go astray MC K Separated MC SLKF1= G

:" P= ^ :$T ' 3L 4 SK

.MC SK*= 0K 3C C;E MC SK"(-0K P 0(U .V (G( = K ; ( #
= TK xgK .V H (GK _
H ( M( =-L 8 K 0 h ; *( ۚ dA
.MC SK 1= 0 := K DC := K C<= &C := K C EE0+ 3( >( (T MC SKG( = 0K C P 0(U UMN( .1 MC SK%( SK0 := gK 3( >( (T := gK 3C CEF
M K C P= G( MC =-L U-;C KC h E5N( .MC K$ >= BC :K gK 3( >( J(D := gK _ ( C1 y SK := K C P 0(U h i(CL&
.:H "(;< :H "(2
.MC SL;kC = * := 2L U;1 C d H %C _ H # ( T( := 2L "(* = &C H 7
T( = G( := 2L "(* x45 K $ = 5 J5N( !( ;( g= BC( SKG qC C% z N(
5&C !K E5N( SKG 0 .V ( C1 _4 !( U; MC = K CS= P= G 4( E J(D P= G 4( SKT M &C O( SK5 gQ E;C DC
C SKG 0 ۚ I = -1 0K := C xT(= GK U M§ E5BCC F= * g4 E;C DC ۚ < ( &C .:K "(2 FK 0(F1 !K U;
.:a "( 4 4a SLC J5{(DC H SK 1= T x$ = K qC ET E:L : ;C C P= G UN( .MC SL; = K E C
K 70 C J5N( ? = 7 *
:= K E5N( ۚ !( G( S= %C MC S= < = D( CN( 8
H 0 9( $ = *( J(D ۖ H SK ( "= C P= G( Q "= T = K 7
= * h ("= J(D 0 ' >( O= &C
= -C "= = T( K .V a (GK a
= ( Cg SLC% 2 3n ( = GK *K0 := K *=Q E;C DC .V -( ( CD xGS= %C SK5C
.P 0($ ( K L %( < MC C ?
"= C = L 5=CD 3 ۚ S;L <K x; L := K $ K L 5=&C
.V (G( = K p( O( <( P= G(
H )(C ;C < ;C EDC (U !( U;( K = CC% ۖ x; <( MC "= ;C K O K O "= * = -C C
S K C Cg UMN( ۖ H J= R 'L P= G( "(*&L ( "= Uk k( = G = ;<K ~ K E 0&C 0 qC C% ۖ O K O ML "= ;C K C 4(
=S*&C CzN( E .MC SK<+ SK0 := K DC 4 ( "= Uk d ( 5={( P, ( P G( pK OK SKK MC "= ;C $
K ( # ( K .V K (K 'L
= C
C := gK pK OK SKK ML "= ;C K := 2L E k( = 0 C := 2L ( $G SL;>K O= 'L = E 0&C 0 b ;C = 5 = CC% '( = E O( ;C <
EJ;C < = 1 5=&C J(U h 1= 5( 2L R= &C M &C J(<= +( = &C _4 qC C% (S= %C P= G( 5 n2 ( t : E$DC .MC K1K # = 0
.V ( (E O( <( J(D h ( = T( J(; >( O= &C pK t= * x(W 'C <= &C M &C E ( ;C <
(1) Double pronoun indicates emphasis. (2) It means eye-opening. (3) Words S;L <K x; L are q . It means “They
refused unjustly with arrogance while their hearts believed”. (4) It is clear that the army of Prophet Solomon !";<
$ 3S; was composed of human, jinn and animals. He was watching their parade. (5) :$* means “smiling”. It
may be as a ridicule to another but 2 t :$* means “He smiled in a joyful manner”.
They’re kept in control &
discipline
MC SK<+ SK0 You warm yourself MC SL;kC = * I felt
K $
= 5
An ant b ;C = 5 It twisted like a
snake
M§ E5BCC F= * Lighted torch d
H %C _
H R(

!K E
Tz BCC = &C x0(R xT C< !K ET< BLC .V (( P G( MC C = &C 1 gK = K 4&C C J ( G qC C-DC "= Uk U-C *
2 {HT( {H P= G( h Ki ( !( T(
( *K := C T( K k &C qC C-DC H "(1T "= C rC 2C DC .V H (GK MH Ck; $K T( J"*(B "C = &C
G S= %C *K= .:a "(< w a = < C H J= R 'L P= G( = "*(L& := K 2L ;( = * 3n &C G= 8
K = J5N( .V H -( 0
C := K DC '( "(E$ P( < := gK E DC := K C<= &C ML Ck"= E# :K K C 3 P E0+ !( U; M( KO P= G( d ( = E#;( MC K, K$ = 0
G MC SL7 = *K G :K ;C 1= 0 }
( 4= BC 8 ( E$ J(D Q I = 7 K ( 7 = 0K (U !( U;( K, K =$0 U&C .MC K= 0
.:( "(1 w( = 1 _4 S gK UN( ! CN( C !K U; .MC SK;( 1= *K
= L 5=CD := K = < UqS * E:L := ( "= CN( != -( BCDC Cg J(T2( T( I
= g z VT(z( C2 P G( = L = &C
% W
&C K L= qC C%
!( U; :( $ = T(” !K E5N( MC "= ;C K P= G( !K E5N( .¤a ( C _ a ( EJCN( J -( &L J5N( BL;C 0&C 0
= CC% 4 CMSK1( = 0 CzG
“.5 V ( ;( $
= GK J(5SK*& EJ;C < SL;1= * U&C .:( "( E P( = E
3H ES%L SLL& PK = 5 SLC% .M( K # = * E xG= &C n 1 A( C% K = L G (G= &C J(D J(5SKD &C BL;C 0&C 0 = CC%
gK$ D &C n 0= %C SL;> O CzN( SL;K UMN( = CC% .P 0(GK B * CzG (L 5=CD h ( "= CN( K G= BC H 0(R H~B T SLL&
.MC SL; = K 9K ( = 0 : T( 3b ( DC H E0( T( := ( "= CN( b ;C ( =GK J5N( .MC SL;1 0 h
(C C ۖ n Uz( &C ;( g= &C 3C EF<( &C SL;1
.MC SK * := 2L (E0( T( := K5=&C ' T := L * EG( a "= > !K U; J (5* DC 6 qH T( P( 5( *K&C qC C% MC "= ;C K Q EC;DC
.MC K( W := gK n Uz( &C = G( := K E ( 7= KC T( := K C 'C %( C OH SK,
K T( := K E"*(B ;C DC := ( "= CN( 9= ( 4=
h "(* 5&C P, ( P G( 7 a 0( <( qC C% .V ( ;( $
= GK J(5SK*B 0 M &C 'C = %C R( = 1 T( J("(*B 0 := 2L 0&C BL;C 0C& 0 qC C%
!( T( h "(* 5&C _ ( 2( P G( :a ; <( pK = <( (U qC C% .V a G( &C ¡S( -C C !( "= ;C < J5N( ۖ h G( C-G P= G( SL-* M &C 'C = %C !( T(
K L &C = &C K 2L R= &C&C J(5S ;L = "( JT4 '(
= DC P= G( Cg qC C% pK = <( -( $
= GK pK 4 E;C DC ۚ h DL = AC h "= CN( E*= 0 M &C 'C = %C
.¤a ( C ¡J(C JT4 UM{(DC C C P= G ۖ !( $ ( ( K 2L #
= 0 E5{(DC 2C R P= G ۖ
(1) Use of birds for delivering message was common at ancient times. (2) This is a beautiful example of rhyme
without forced affectation. Sheba was a country consisting of modern Yemen & Southern Saudi Arabia while the
Prophet Solomon $ 3S; !";< used to govern at Palestine. The nations surrounding him subdued to him. (3) It is a
t1G ;K i.e. from :"1 w1 ... :v P0+. (4) Unnecessary details of the story are omitted here to avoid boredom
and focus on the lesson. (5) The word “Muslim” is used in its literal sense i.e. obedient, subservient. (6) This
question is to express disapproval. (7) 0< stands for very strong, powerful and sly person.
Do you want to help me P( 5( *K&C Don’t be arrogant

against me
EJ;C < SL;1= * U&C A hoopoe gK = K

C2C g &C 'C "(% 1 8 = Q E;C DC .MC K= 0 C P 0(U P G( ML SL2* = &C (= *&C = L = 5 R = < C K25 qC C%
M( KO P= G( K K1= * = 5C G gEW .V ( ;( $= GK EL ;( = %C P= G( : ; 1( "(*L& ۚ S gK !K E5BCC = CC% ۖ h( RK = <
P= < = C # C n E,L !K = $
( !K *=&C4 E;C DC ۖ
= E J(;>K O= C 'C "(% .P 0(D( C H S= %C P= G( = 5C E5N( ۖ !( U;
!( U;( MC "= ;C K 9 G
K = ;C = &C J($ 5 K = ;C C J5N( _4 = CC% ۗ 0(4 S%C P= G( Oa E GK a = W
!K E5N( qC C% ۚ "= %C
2 .V
( C1 _4
: ( ( S= %C 0 qC C% .MC SK( 7 = 0 M( C-0(DC := gK Cz{(DC ! U; KK<= M( &C x(W := gK >&C O SKC CN( ; 4= &C = -C C
P= T( h T( 5= E"UA SLC% .MC SK = *K := 2L U;1 C ! U; MC K( = $ = * CS= C ۖ ( $
'C = %C ( iC"E$(T MC SL;, ( 1= $ = *
J(D MC K$ ( 0K
H g= 4 L 1 $= *( ( 0( J(D CMC .MC SK *K a S= %C := K5=&C ' T ۖ !( U; = <( := L K (CA qC C% ۚ h 1 G
E5N( !( ;( g= &C h
;( = G 5= ( R G !( "(S ( EPCSL-C E:L !K ;C g= &C !K E"KC !( U;(T SK C-* SLC% .MC SK;( = 0K C } ( 4= BC
E5&C := g( ( 2 G L %( < MC C ? "= C = L 5=CD .MC K1K # = 0 C := gK x2 G 5= 2C G x2 G K2C G .MC SL%O( C
.MC SK;C 1= 0 H S= -C ( n 0C h (zC J(D UMN( ۗ SK;C C T( n 0( > := K *KSK"TK 3 h ; (DC .V 1( = &C := K G S= %C := gK 5= EGO
.MC SL-E0 SK5C SKG P 0(U "= , 5=&C
M( KO P= G( 3n S = R qC MC SK*B C 4 := 2L E(&C CMK( = *K := K5=&C C # ( C MC SK*B *&C !( G( S= -C ( qC C% z N( nASL
ۖ := 2L (0= %C P= G( ¦
H SL qC SK( >= &C SLC% M &C UN( !( G( S= %C _ S MC C DC .MC SL; , = * a S= %C := K5=&C ' T ۚ ($
Q $DC ۖ xkC G := ( "= ;C < 5= kC G= &C .P 0(T( P G( g54= E%C !K *&C G= UN( !K ;C g= &C pK "= ,
5=BCDC .MC KEkC 0 ~ a 5&L := K E5N(
.P 0(4C = K K kC G
(1) As mentioned above, it is the Quranic style to omit unnecessary details to keep focus on the lesson of the story.
(2) It is style in the classic Arabic to not describe anything which the audience can understand clearly. Otherwise the
audience may consider it a ridicule to their level of intelligence. Therefore, the lesson is left for the audience. When
the Queen of Sheba saw the abundance of wealth and the progress of sciences and arts with the Prophet Solomon !";<
$ 3S; along with his devotion to God, she was impressed so much that she left worshipping the sun and
believed in One God. The incident is also described in the Bible, the Book of Kings. The lesson of all the stories
mentioned in this Surah is described at the end. (3) “h;*” indicates the proximity of Thamud’s homes to the Arabs.
(4) The question is asked to describe
disapproval and hatred for homosexuality.
Adorned by Oa E GK Make it confused
for her
C K25
Group, family, tribe
H g= 4 Glasses 0(4 S%C Palace
= E
We’ll attack definitely at night !K E"KC We consider you a
sign of bad luck
h
T( 5= E"UA Pool of water n E,L

1 CMSL( #
= 0K EG&C a "= > !K U; ۗ C kC W
= P 0(U p( O( <( ;C < a C; !( U;( K =
'( %L
MC C G H ,
= T 8
Cz ( !( T( = 5=BCDC G ( E$ P G( := 2L C qC F 5=&C } 4= BC 8 ( E$ ;C > P= EG&C
2 .M C SL( 1= 0 a S= %C := gK ' T ۚ (!U; 9 G !a CN(&C ۗ g ,
R SK(= *K M &C := 2L C
!a CN(&C ۗ xF( P( 0=
= P "= T 'C 1 J ( 4 C 'C 1 x45=&C CC;>( 'C 1 x4 %C } 4= BC C'1 P= EG&C
2 .M C SK;C 1= 0 C := gK K )C &C ' T ۚ (!U; 9 G
G n;"(;%C ۚ (!U; 9 G !a CN(&C ۗ }
( 4= BC Q C;C >K := 2L ;L 1 ,
= 0 Q S$ ?
K #
( 2 0 pK <O CzN( EkC
= K I
K "(,0K P= EG&C
.MC KUC *
ۚ (!U; 9 G !a CN(&C ۗ !( ( = 4
= 0 P "= T x#
= TK
0 'L ( = 0K P= G (
= 8
( ;L L J(D := 2L 0(= 0 P= EG&C
2 .MC SL( #= 0K E< !K U; C1*
M N( := 2L 5g= TK SK*g ' %L ۚ (!U; 9 G !a CN(&C ۗ }
( 4= BC ( E$ P G( := 2L %L +K = 0 P= G pK K "(10K E:L ; 7
&L= 0 P= EG&C
.V %( O( W := K= L
4 EO '( T .MC SL)1 = 0K MC E0&C MC K1K #
= 0 G ۚ !K U; UN( I
"= }
( 4= BC 8( E$ J(D P= G :K ;C 1= 0 C ' %L
.MC SK< = G( := gK ' T ۖ = G( hR J(D := gK ' T ۚ 3( >( J(D := K K ; <(
M N( 'L = %C P= G( 5£K T PK = 5 Cg 5= <( K = -C C CMSK =7K C E(&C 5£K T xT *K EL CzN(&C KC C P 0(U qC C%
M F
= * C .V G( ( ,= K L %( < MC C ? "= C KL 5=CD }( 4= BC J(D K( ' %L .V (EBC
K A( &C UN( Cg
.MC K2L = 0 EG( H "= t
J(D P= 2L * C := ( "= ;C <
(U / K 1= T := 2L C
O( 4 MC SL20 M &C $ < ' %L V%( O( W := K= L M N( K <= S Cg G MC SLSL-0
P2( *K G :K ;C 1= "C h
ET4 UMN( .MC K2L #= 0 C := gK )C &C EP2( C ~
( E C;< 'H
= DC LC h ET4 UMN( .MC SL;, ( 1= $
= *
.V H (GK _
H ( J(D UN( } ( 4= BC ( E$ J(D H (C P= G( G .MC SK;( 1= 0K G := gK 4K KW K
(1) This small question “Whether Allah is better or their false gods?” is related to each question starting from P
= EG&C.
This verse is the connection between the verses before and after it. (2) Change of direction of communication depicts
condemnation of pagans and expresses regret on their condition.
It came near to you (a

thing coming after other)
:2
O( 4 It became confused (it

mixed)
4 EO Enjoyment, happiness H ,
= T

b = 4 xK C !K E5N( .MC SL;( 7

= 0 !( "(D := gK (U )C &C 'C "( = N( J(T ;C < ¬-L 0 MC =-L Cg UMN(
C;< h E5N( ۖ !( U; C;< ' US DC .:K "(;1 FK 0(F1 S gK ۚ !( ( 2
K T( := K "= T J(- 0 h ET4 UMN( .V (G( = K ; (
J( = 1K (OT( 5=&C G .P 0(T(= GK =SU CzN( Q < E: 9K ( $ = *K C *S= 1 9K ( $ = *K C h E5N( .V ( (K
.MC SK;( $= GK := K DC *(0(T PK G( = 0K P= G UN( 9K ( $
= *K M N( ۖ := ( (CC;t
P= <
.MC SK%( SK0 C *(0(T SK5C ~ E UM&C := KK ;2C *K 2 } ( 4= BC P G( n ET O := K C = >= &C := ( "= ;C < qL S= -C 9 %C CzN(
:= KT=UC &C qC C% y CzN( E .MC SK<+ SK0 := K DC *(0T( _ K 2C 0K P= EG( xS= DC H EG&L 'L P= G( K # K = 5 S= 0
.MC S-L k( = 0 C := K DC SK;C C T( := ( "= ;C < qL S= C- 9 %C .MC SL; 1= * := K= L CzEG&C x; <( T( SLk"(*K := C J(*0(T
S= 0 .MC SKG( = 0K H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ 3 x( = GK 4 E !( "(D SK2L $ = "( 'C "= U; ; 1 E5&C = 0 := C&C
.P 0(>( O pK S= *&C '§ L ۚ !K U; Q R P= G UN( }( 4= BC J(D P= G 8 ( E$ J(D P= G F( C DC 4( S J(D K C = 0K

a (> !K E5N( ۚ H J= R U'L P -C *=&C (U !( U; 9 = W K ۚ_ ( E$ EG K * J g( 3n G( K$ = * qC , ( *

= E2L DC ( iC"E$(T Q P= G .MC SKG( H i(G S= 0 H F DC P= G( := gK = G( a "= > !K ;C DC ( $
(T Q P= G .MC SL;1 * T(
.MC SL; 1= * := K= L G UN( MC = F , = *K ' g 4( E J(D := K gK SKK
P G( MC SL&C M &C 8 K = G( &L ۖ H J= R ' L !K C G E ( U 3( ; p( ( g E_4 K<= &C M &C 8 K = (G&L E5N(
P G( 5&C E5N( ' -L DC U't P= G ۖ !( $ ( ( (= 0 E5{(DC g= P( DC ۖ MC =-L S ;L *=&C M &C .V ( ;( $
= K
.MC SL; 1= * E< 'H D( T( h
T4 G ۚ 5SLD( 1= DC !( *(0 := 2L 0("K !( U;( K = '( %L .P 0(4( = K
(1) The source letters ~ mean “to listen”. When they are used in q1DN _T, they mean “to make hear”.
(2) In Ahadith, it is mentioned that Allah will make a final arrangement of warning the people before the end of the
world. A special creature will speak like humans to warn the people. Some people consider the technological
developments of information technology as }4j T O.
(3) It is a common style of expression in Arabic to omit comparable words. Here, the full sentence is: ' C "= U; ; 1 E5&C
!"(D SL; 1= " x( = GK 4 E !( "(D SK2L $
= "( x;( GK . The words x;( GK and !"(D SL; 1= " are omitted due to their perceptibility. One of
these words is related to “night” and other is related to the “day”.
Worth Reading! Developing trust is very important. How and why? Read
more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0012-Trust.htm
Submitted, humiliated P 0(>( O Something walking, an animal n ET O They speak MC SL-k( = 0

:" P= ^ :$T ¬ - 3L 4 SK

UMN( .MC SKG( = 0K H S= -C ( (T MC S= < = D( SKG {(5 P= G( h "= ;C < SL;= 5 .V
( (K _ ( 2( 8 K 0 h ; *( .:$A
:= gK Q $5( J(" = $= 0 := gK Q T=&C `
K TC 0K := K = G( n C (CA ?
K 1(
= $ = 0 x1"R( ;C g= &C 'C 1 }
( 4= BC J(D C;< MC S= < = D(
n E(&C := K ;C 1 ,
= 5 }( 4= BC J(D SL1( = K= P 0(U C;< EPK 5 M C& K 0(5K .P 0($ ( K P G( MC C !K E5N( ۚ
SK5C G := K = G( gK O SKK 1 MC Gg MC S= < = D( ( 5K }( 4= BC J(D := K C P 2 5K .V (4( S :K K ;C 1 ,
= 5
.MC K4C = 0
E5N( ۖ J(5F = * C J(D7* C :" J(D !( "(-BCDC !( "= ;C < ( >( Cz{(DC ۖ !( "(1t ( 4= &C M &C SKG &L CN( 2 "= = &C
MC S= < = D( UMN( ۗ x5F K < := K C MC SL2"( MC S= < = D( qL K!kC -C CD .V
;( = K P G( pK SL;<( h ( "= CN( pK O 4
$ < pK SL;K- * C ۖ h C 3 J( PH "= < 8 K E%L MC S= < = D( 8 K &C G=
( CC% .V i(A( > SK5C gK O SKK MC Gg
.MC K1K #
= 0 C := gK xC pK C 7( E5 = &C 1C = 0 M &C
.V (G( = K P G( MC SL2( (; %C ;C < k T4 M &C CS= C !( T( (= KC 8 = O C M N( ۖ n4( CD SKG &L OK DL ` W
= &C
'L = %C P= G( 9 t ( !( "= ;C < G= E .MC K1K #= 0 C := gK I H KK P= < !( T( 8 = K DC ۖ !( " %L !( (>= BL( = CC%
K"= < E-C * J= C !( G&L CN( pK 5O= O DC .MC SKW ( 5 !K C := gK := 2L C !K 5SL;L 2 0
H "= T '( g= &C ;C < := 2L OK &C ' g = CC-DC
.MC SK;C 1= 0 C := gK )C &C EP2( C ¡ !( U; <= UM&C : ;C 1= ( MC F
= * C
;C < C 0( 'C > O .V
($( = K (F, = 5 h (C C ۚ x; <( x2 K pK "= * S = 4 pK ERK &C eC ;C T EC
P= G( (U !K C= CD ۖ p( K < P= G( Cg !( (1 "(R P= G( Cg M( C;(- 0 P( "= ;C K 4 "(D S DC ;( g= &C P= G( H ;C C V
( (
¡K < !K E5N( ۖ M( Ck"= E# '( < P= G( Cg qC C% ۖ !( "= ;C < -C DC SKG pK F C S DC p( K < P= G( (U C;< !( (1 "(R
T( _4 qC C% .:K "( E 4K SL S gK !K E5N( ۚ !K C C DC J( = ( CD J($ 5 K = ;C C J5N( _4 qC C% .V a (GK '§ ( GK
.V G( ( , = K ; ( x( C MC SL&C P= ;C DC EJ;C < = 1 5=&C
(1) He was a close fellow of the Pharaoh who was specifically interested in persecuting the Israelites. (2) Here the
word J is not used as a term. It is in its literal sense i.e. We generated an idea in her mind. (3) As mentioned in
Surat-ut-Tahreem that the wife of the Pharaoh was a believer woman. “Comforting eyes” is a metaphor for a state of
being relaxed and happy. (4) The age of physical and intellectual maturity.
He jabbed F C His group !( (1 "(R So he picked him

(used for a lost child)
!K kC -C CD

h
E5N( SKG !K C qC C% ۚ !K >K ( = $ = 0 d ( G= BC(T pK = = (U Cz{(DC I K U% 0 n(> ( 0( J(D ` W
= BCDC
C J(;C K- * M &C K 0(*K&C SKG 0 qC C% K C ¡K < S gK (U(T u k( = 0 M &C O 4&C M&C E;C DC .V a (GK ¡S( C
.V ( ;( = K P G( MC SL2* M &C K 0(*K G } ( 4= BC J(D x4E MC SL2* M &C UN( K 0(*K M N( ۖ d ( G= BC(T x$ 5
; %C
h
C J5N( = K >= CD SL;K- "( h T( MC K( *B 0 BC;C UMN( SKG 0 qC C% 1 $ = 0 ( 0( % &C P= G( 'b K 4 Q
.V ( (U ( S= -C P G( J(,5 _4 qC C% ۖ I K U% 0 n(> = G( 7
DC .V (W ( E P G(
!( "= ;C G qC C% ۖ M( OL* P( "= *&C G= :K ( 5(KO P= G( MC SL-$= 0 ~ ( E P G( n EG&L
P= G( EJCN( F 5=&C ( J5N( _4 qC C-DC ' CN( US * E:L K C -C $ DC .
a (C a "= R 5SKT&C ۖ y < 4 ( = 0K
"= -C G = &C h 0F( ,= "( SK<= 0 J(T&C UMN( = CC% 2 H "
= (= C;< J(#= * gK = N( !K *=Q ,CD . a -( DC H "= >
.V
( (U ( S= -C P G( 8 S= ,
5 ۖ ?
= 7 * C qC C% ¬ -C !( "= ;C < E¬%C pK Q E;C DC ۚ C
h 2( 5=&L M &C K 0(4&L J5N( qC C% .V K G( BC S( -C 8 = B = P( G "= > UMN( ۖ pK = ( B =
( T&C 0 gK = N( = CC%
M &C K 0(4&L G ۖ ( = <( P= ( DC x# = < = *=&C M {(DC ۖ ®H, ( J 5(C J(5 K B * M &C ;C < P( "= *g EJT= = N(
C;DC
K "= %C P( "= ;C BC E0&C ۖ h
"= T J("= T h
(zC qC C% .V ( (E P G( !K U; Q R M N( J(5K , ( ۚ h "= ;C < ERK &C
.'b "( qL SL-5 G ;C < !K U; ۖ EJ;C < MC = <K

K $
= 5 J5N( SL)2L G= !( ;( g= BC( qC C% x45 4( Sk I ( 5( P= G( d 5 !( ;( g= BCT( 4 'C BC SKG %C E;C DC
.MC SL;kC = * := 2L U;1 C 4( E P G( 3H = &C H 7
T( = G( := 2L "(* J;1 C x45
(1) This phrase is used to ask some important matter i.e. What is your matter? What is your trouble? (2) The Quran
indicates the modesty of these women. Details of such modesty are described in Surat-ul-Noor.
Worth Reading: What is glamour and what is its impact on human personality?
Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0011-Glamor.htm
Shepherds, plural of J< 4 y < They consult each other MC K( *B 0 He expects (a danger) I
K U% 0
Firebrand 3H Both of them drive
away
M( OL* He cried for help
K ( = $
= 0

!K U; 5&C J5N( SKG 0 M &C 3( , E# P G( ( C 4 K ( 1 - K J(D P( 0=BC O( S ( A( R P= G( O( SK5 g*&C E;C DC
' (% &C SKG 0 ۚ I = -1 0K := C xT(= GK U M§ E5BCC F= * g4 E;C DC ۖ < ( &C M &C .V ( C1 _4
h "= CN( := K t
= H SK ( "= C P= G( Q "= T = K 7= * h ("= J(D 0 h = ;L = .V (G( P G( h
E5N( ۖ ?= 7 * C
.V
-( ( CD xGS= %C SK5C := K E5N( ۚ !( i(;C G MC S= < = D( CN( h
T4 P= G( M( 5g= TK h 5( CDC ۖ I( g= E P G( h

!K ; ( 4= BCDC x5$( JG( `K D &C S gK ML K4g J(>&C .M( SL;K- 0 M &C
K >BCDC x$ 5 := K = G( K ; %C J5N( _4 qC C%
x5Ck; K 2L C 'L 1 ,= 5 1 h "(>BCT( K < #
K qC C% .M( SKT2C 0K M &C
K >&C J5N( ۖ J(%L 0K O= 4( J 1( G
.MC SK( 2L 1 E* P( G K5=&C *(0(T ۚ 2L "= CN( MC SL;( 0 C;DC
.V
(EBC (T J(D C T( 1= ( G x GK a = ( UN( Cg G SLC% 8 H "T *(0(T SKG := gK Q E;C DC
`
K ;( 0K C !K E5N( ۖ 4( E L %( < !K C ML SL2* P= G p( ( = <( P= G( K (T Q P= T( :K ;C <= &C JT4 SKG qC C%
V
( k C;< ML Gg 0 J( = %( = BCDC ("= C !H CN( P= G( := 2L C K = ;( < G BL;C 0&C 0 ML S= < = D( qC C% .MC SK(U
.V
T(z( C2 P G( !K L BCC J5N( SKG !( CN( CN( 9K ;( UA&C J;1 C x = W J( ' 1 = CD
pK O SKK pK 5 > BCDC .MC SK1 = 0K C "= CN( := K E5&C SC ( "= T( } ( 4= BC J(D pK OK SKK S gK 2 =
S= 0 ۖ 4( E CN( MC SK<= 0 n E(&C := gK ; 1 .V ( (U L %( < MC C ? "= C = L 5=CD ۖ :" J(D := gK 5 DC
.V ( SK- P G( := gK ( G "-( S= 0 ۖ n 1= C "5= p( ( g J(D := gK 1= *=&C .MC K = 0K C ( G "-(
:= K U;1 C n = 4 xgK ~ ( E;( ( T CLB MC K-L 2 ;C g= &C G ( 1= T P= G( _ 2( SKG "= * = -C C
E2( C .P 0(g( E# P G( = L G G= BC SKG CN( "= %C z N( JT(= I
( 5(,T( 2 = L G .MC KUC 0
EL E2( C *(0 := ( "= ;C < SL;= * P 0= G '( g= &C J(D x0( C = L G ۚ K K 1K :K ( "= ;C < qC CkDC x5K%L 5B # =5&C
H 0(5 P= G( := gK *&C G xGS= %C 4 ( = K( h T4 P= G( n = 4 P= 2( C 0=O 5 z N( 4( Sk I( 5(,T( = L G .V ;( ( = GK
.MC KUC 0 := K U;1 C h
;( = %C P= G(
(1) It is a proverb for providing support: “I’ll strengthen your arm by your brother”. (2) From description, the
communication has been suddenly directed towards the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. It is called 8 .
Present x0( C As a helper O= 4( Beach, edge ( A( R

Those who are made ugly V
( SK- G Area, place, spot ( 1 - K

h *(0 9 (EDC nSK4 "= CN(

; 4= &C CS= C ET4 SLSL-"DC := ( 0(0=&C = G E%C T( b "( GK := K "( *K M &C CS= C
:= C &C ۚ SKG J *(L& G 'C ) G( J *(L& CS= C SLC% 5( = <( P= G( :K gK Q E;C DC .V (G( = K P G( MC SL25
_H 2( T( SK*B DC ' %L .MC KD( C ¯'2L T( E5N( SLC% g C* M( =( SLC% ۖ 'L = %C P= G( SKG J *(L& T( KL 2 0
.V
%( O( W := K= L M N( !K 1= (E*&C K = G( g= &C S gK !( U; ( = <( P= G(
ۚ !( U; P G( xgK ( "= T( pK Sg 9 E* P( EG( ' t&C P= G ۚ := gK Q Sg= &C MC SK1(E0 E5&C := ;C <= CD h C SK"(,$ = 0 := C M {(DC
_
2( :K gK "= * P 0(U .MC KUC 0 := K U;1 C qC S= -C :K K C ; EW = -C C .V ( (U S= -C (= 0 C ! U; UMN(
.V ( ;( $
= GK !( ;( = %C P= G( EL E5N( T4 P= G( !K E5N( !( T( EG SLC% := ( "= ;C < ;C =0K CzN( .MC SKG( = 0K !( T( := gK !( ;( = %C P= G(
.MC SL-( = 0K := gK % + 4 EG( C iC"E$ ( $
(T MC y4 = 0 KW T( P( "= *EG := gK = &C MC S= *= K0 h i(CL&
.V ;( g( , J( = 5 C := 2L "= ;C < a C; := 2L L<= &C := 2L C L<= &C C SLC% !K = < SKt <= &C S = U; SK1( CzN(
9( (E5 M N( SLC% .P 0(= K (T :K ;C <= &C S gK ۚ y #0 P= G (= 0 ! U; EP2( C = = &C P= G (= * C h E5N(
n%+= 4( H J= R 'L 8 K C !( "= CN( , = 0K xG( xG := K C P= 2 5K := C &C ۚ t( 4= &C P= G( ? = Uk7 5K h
1 G K
.MC SK;C 1= 0 C := gK )C &C EP2( C E5K C P= G(
EL ۖ n;";( %C UN( := g( ( 1= T P= G( P= 2C $
= *K := C := K K( $G h ; (DC ۖ 1 #
"(1G 8 = k( T H 0= %C P= G( 2 ;C g= &C := C
EL G ۚ *(0 := ( "= ;C < SL;= 0 nSK4 G&L J(D r C 1 = 0 E -L h
;( = GK h
T4 MC C G .V (4( S PK = 5
.MC SK(C ;L g= &C UN( -L J(2;( = GK
P= DC &C CMSL;-( 1= * C;DC &C ۚ -C T=&C a "= > !( U; = <( G ۚ K0+( "5= 3( "
K DC H J= R P= G( := K"(*L& G
.P 0(
= K P G( ( G "-( S= 0 S gK E:L "5= 3( "
G pK 1= EG P= C !( "(%C S K DC x$
x<= pK 5= <
( CK g ET4 qL S= -C :K ( "= ;C < E P 0(U qC C% CMSKK<F= * := K= L P 0(U J (C RK P 0=&C qL SL-"DC := ( 0(O0K S= 0
:= L Q C RK SK<O= 'C "(% .MC KK1= 0 5E0N( SK5C G ۖ h "= CN( 5&E* ۖ 0=S C C := gK 0=S &C ۚ 0=S &C P 0(U
CMK= 0 SK5C := K E5&C S= C ۚ _
C1 K&C4 := K C SK"(,$ = 0 := ;C DC =:gK S= < DC
(1) They became arrogant due to their economy i.e. abundance of wealth.
It became arrogant 8
= k( T It is attracted towards !( "= CN( ,
= 0K We are snatched away ?
= Uk7
5K

EGBCDC .MC SLQ $0 C := K DC H i(G S= 0 1 y 5=BC :K ( "= ;C <

= "( 1 DC V
;( = K :K K= &C CzG qL SL-"DC := ( 0(O0K S= 0
G ۗ 4K 7
= 0 y #0 G K ;L 7= 0 h T4 .V ( ;( K P G( MC SL20 M &C 2 $ 1 DC x(W 'C ( ( CLB J(D K =
!K C ۖ S gK UN( ! CN( C !K U; S gK
C;DC &C ۖ H"
( T( := 2L "(*B 0 !( U; K "= C !a CN( P= G ( G "-( ( S= 0 CN( xG = 'C "= U; :K 2L "= ;C < !K U; 'C 1 M N( := K=0&C4 &C ' %L
CMSK1 $ = *
'H "= ;C T( := 2L "(*B 0 !( U; K "= C !a CN( P= G ( G "-( ( S= 0 CN( xG = 4 E :K 2L "= ;C < !K U; 'C 1 M N( := K0= &C4 &C ' %L
P= G( SK= ( !( "(D SK2L $ = ( 4 E 'C "= U; :K 2L C 'C 1 !( ( = 4 P= G( 3 CMK( = *K C;DC &C ۖ (!"(D MC SK2L $ = *
.MC K2L # = * := 2L U;1 C !( ;(
= DC
SK*g ; -L DC x"(R H EG&L 'L P= G( <= F 5 CMSK<K F= * := K= L P 0(U J (C RK P 0=&C qL SL-"DC := ( 0(O0K S= 0
.MC K 0 SK5C G := K = < U't
!( U;( E
UM&C SK;( 1 DC := 2L 5g= TK
( = 1K T( y SKC !K *(CG UMN( G +( SK2L P G( pK "= * ۖ := ( "= ;C < DC SKG ( S= %C P= G( MC C 4 MC K4C% UMN(
ۖ 3C >( 4 E !K U; * "(D e( T= .V ( ( C I ( 0K C ! U; UMN( ۖ
= * C !K GK S= %C !K C qC C% z N( 3( ES-L J(L&
C ! U; UMN( ۖ } ( 4= BC J(D O $C e( = * C ۖ h "= CN( !K U; P $
= &C C P= $ ( = &C ۖ "5= P G( h "( 5 d = * C
P G( !( ;( = %C P= G( h
;C g= &C = %C ! U; UM&C := ;C 1= 0 := C &C ۚ (= <( :H ; <( ;C < 5 !K K"(*L& E5N( qC C% .P 0($ ( K I ( 0K
.MC SKG( ,
= K :K ( T(SK5zL P= < qL BC$ = 0K C ۚ x1= K )C &C 3n ES%L !K = G( R &C S gK P= G M( K-L
(1) y 5=BC :K ( "= ;C <
= "( < means that “they became so confused that they were unable to speak”.
(2) When the word $< is used for some act of God, it is in the meaning of a promise.
(3) Word MS1$* is used while describing the night but the word M * is used while describing the day. At night, a
person cannot see but he/she can listen. At day time, everyone can see clearly. Selection of these words is
meaningful.
(4) In Bible, his name is “Korah” (Numbers Chapter 16). He was a close relative of Prophet Moses $ 3S; !";<
who revolted against him. His story is told to depict the character of the close relatives of Prophet Muhammad ^ ;W
:; ! !";<. The closest of them was his uncle Abu Lahab whose character was similar to that of Korah.
(5) It is the mentality of arrogant people. When Allah blesses them with something, they consider it a result of their
own effort and ignore the Almighty. Such attitude is also common today.
Those who become arrogant
due to happiness / wealth
V
( ( C They carry it y SKC Eternal, forever xG =

!K E5N( ML K4C% J *(L& G 'C ) G( C "= C 0 "5= 3C " MC K0(0K P 0(U qC C% ۖ !( (0(+ J(D 1 !( G( S= %C ;C < 7
DC
C x(W 'C ( !( U; _ K SC := 2L ;C 0= : ; 1( SK*L& P 0(U qC C% .:H "(< ¯° LC
G !( U; M( KO P= G( !K 5KK = 0 H iCD( P= G( !K C MC C DC } 4= BC p( 4( T( !( T( $
7 DC .MC KT(E UN( 2 gU-;C 0K
P= ( @ += L$ K = 0 ! U; UMBC2C 0= MC SLSL-0 d ( G= BC(T !K 5C2G =SE * P 0(U ` W = &C .P 0(( = K P G( MC C
.MC KD( C2 ` K ;( 0K C !K E5BC2C 0= ۖ T( ?
$ 7 C "= ;C < !K U; EPG M &C CS= C ۖ 3 4K ( - 0 p( O( <( P= G( y #0
Q P= G .V -( EK ; ( L %( 1 ۚ xO$DC C }
( 4= BC J(D S;L <K MC K0(0K C P 0(U;( ;L 1 ,
= 5 3L >( 4K E h ; *(
.MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C G UN( 8 ( Ci"E$ SL;( !K ;C DC ( $
(T
qH ;C t
J(D S gK P= G K (T Q P= G :K ;C <= C& JT4 ' %L ۚ OH 1G CN( O C MC =-L h "= ;C < } DC (U UMN(
C .P 0(D( C2; ( x( C EP5SL2* C;DC ۖ h T4 P= G( n = 4 UN( _ K 2( h "= CN( -C ; 0K M &C SK= * = L G .V H (GK
K = * C .V ( ( #= K P G( EP5SL2* C ۖ h T4 CN( K O= ۖ h
"= CN(
= CF( 5=&L z N( 1= T !( U; 8
( 0 P= < h E5K 0
.MC SK1 = *K !( "= CN( :K 2
K !K C ۚ !K = UN( h
a (g H J= R ' L ۚ S gK UN( ! CN( C ۘ > xCN( !( U; 9 G
(1) Korah came with his slaves and servants to demonstrate his wealth. Similar examples are common in our leaders.
(2) The pronoun g is directed towards the admonition and wisdom.
(3) Words #0 Pf are omitted here due their perceptibility.
Worth Reading
Allah has demonstrated the accountability of the
Hereafter in the world. Why & How?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PN/R0002-
Evidence.htm
Definitely taking you to O C Hey! It is like that UMBCC

= We caused him to be
swallowed by the earth
!( T( $
>

Lesson 2A: Parables !"#
Dear Reader!
In all languages, parables are used to describe
abstract ideas. The parable !"(#* is comparison of
Take care of your spouse. All relatives will
leave you but your spouse will spend his /
something with another thing based on some
her life till death.
common ground.
For example, "( ± d ( = E# 5& (You are like the sun in the light). Here the person is compared with the
sun. The reason may be that his face is shining or he may be spreading the light of knowledge. Similarly in
( < ,#
K ± ( j S gK (He is like the lion in bravery), the person is compared with a lion due to his bravery.
There are four components of a !"#*.
• E#
GK : The person or thing that is compared with something else. In above examples, S gK 5& are the E#
GK .
Sometimes, the E# GK is not expressed in words because it is understood. For example, if it is asked ? "
J;< (How is Ali?), the answer will be ( < ,#K ± ( j (Like the lion in bravery). Since the answerer
knows that Ali is under discussion, so it is not required to mention his name.
GK : The person or thing with whom E#
• !(T E# GK is compared. In above examples, j d# are the E#
GK
!T.
• !=#
( !K : The common attribute due to which E#
GK is being compared to !T E# GK . In above examples,
<,# " are the !# !. If the common attribute is obvious, it is usually not described in words.
It is understood in the sentence. For example, ( j a 0+ (Zaid is like a lion). The common attribute is
obvious, so it is not described.
• !"# 3 O&: The word used to describe a comparison. In English, we use the word “like” for it. In above
examples, is the !"# 3 O&. UMB is also used for this purpose. It is also deleted sometimes.
It is important to describe a principle at this point. In modern languages, each and every concept or thing is
described in words. If something is not described in words, the language lacks clarity and it is not considered
a e";T `" D communication.
At the time of revelation of the Quran, the principle was reverse. Describing obvious things in words was
considered a weakness in communication. If someone was describing obvious things in words, he was
supposed to be considering his audience unintelligent. Due to this reason, describing obvious things in words
was considered an embarrassing situation for the audience. As a result, the communication used to become
ineffective.
In the classical language of the Quran, we find at a lot of places that obvious things not described in words
but they are implied in the text. You’ve seen various examples in the last lesson.

Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and identify the four parts of !"#* as provided in the
example. Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
Analysis J(T<

The hypocrites who are discussed in the
!#G
context. n45 %C S= = (U '( )C C := K ;L )CG
The one who burnt fire !T !#G !K U; I g zC !K CS= G 8 = Q t&C E;C DC
A hypocrite’s deeds are fruitless like the one
8 H ;L L J(D := K C * := g( 4( SKT(
who burnt fire and then the light of the fire is !# ! := K DC Ja = <K :a 2 TK ¡:W K .MC K( = 0K
(2:17) .M C SK1( = 0
lost.
') !"# 3 O&

!#G
(U '( )C C KC C P 0(U 'L )CG
!T !#G 5( <OK UN( 9K $= 0 T( K 1( = 0
!# ! .MC SL;-( 1= 0 := K DC Ja = <K :a 2 TK ¡:W
K
!"# 3 O& (2:171)
!#G
!T !#G
OH $DC = &C d
H 5 ( "= T( n$5 'C %C P= G
~
E 'C %C E5BC2C DC } ( 4= jQ J(D
!# !
(5:32) .n1"(
!"# 3 O&
!#G
!T !#G .b U;L !K E5BCC := K %C S= DC 'C ,
- 5 z N(Q
!# ! (7:171)
!"# 3 O&

Analysis J(T<

!#G
!T !#G P= G( E> E5BC2C DC !( U;(T = ( #
= 0K P= G
!# ! (22:32) .( E$
!"# 3 O&
!#G
'L )CG } ( 4= jQ 8 ( S E$ 4K SK5 !K U;
!T !#G
a = G( "(D 3H C2#
= ( C p( 4( SK5
!# ! L F H +K J(D K = (
(24:35) .¡4OK I a C S= C E5BCC
!"# 3 O&
!#G
!T !#G .V
a <(
( = Uk 8
K W ( C% := gK = <(
!# ! (37:49) .M b SK2 G /
a "= T EPK E5BCC
!"# 3 O&
Worth Reading
What is the significance of Character in building a nation? Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0001-Character.htm
Rule of the Day

If the word after a pointing noun has q , it is the !"
4#G of that pointing noun e.g.
_2 g (this book). If it does not have an q , then it is the c> while pointing
noun is its G.

Lesson 2B: Surat-ul-A’kaboot to Surat-ul-Ahzaab

In this lesson, we shall continue our study of the Holy Quran. You cannot dream yourself into a
The Surahs mentioned in the Lesson 1B & 2B are structured character; you must hammer and
forge yourself one.
assignment to discover the structure of this part of the Quran.
:" P= ^ :$T 8SK2C 1 3L 4 SK

EP ;C 1= ";C DC ۖ := ( ;( = %C P= G( P 0(U EDC = -C C CMSK 0K C := gK EG SLSL-0 M &C SL = 0K M &C ~ K E I $ ( &C .:
G Q ۚ 5SL-($ = 0 M &C 8( Ci"E$ MC SL; 1= 0 P 0(U I$ ( = &C .V T(z( C2 EP ;C 1= "C SL% W P 0(U !K U;
E5{(DC g P= G .:K "(;1 9K "(E$ S gK ۚ 8 H C !( U; 'C &C UM{(DC !( U; Q C-( SK= 0 MC C P= G CMSK2L = 0
:= K = < UM 2C KC 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P0(U .V ( C1 P( < ¡J( C ! U; UMN( ۚ !( $ ( ( K g( ,0K
.MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C (U P $ = &C := K E0F( ,
= C := (*(Ci"
EJCN( ۚ K 1= k( *K C;DC :a ; <( !( T( h
C d "= C G J(T ( # = K( g M N( ۖ x$ = K !( 0= ( ST( MC $5={( "= EW
.V
( (E JD( := K E;C >( = KC 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U .MC SL; 1= * := K= L T( := 2L iL5BLDC := 2L 1K ( =G
a = 5 Q P= i(C !( U; _ ( C1 C ~ ( E C = D( 'C 1 !( U; JD( z( L& Cz{(DC !( U;(T EG qL SL-0 P= G ~ ( E P G(
P 0(U !K U; EP ;C 1= "C .V ( C1 4( KWK J(D T( : ;C <= BCT( !K U; d "= C &C ۚ := 2L 1 G EL E5N( EPLSL-"C h T4 P= G(
.V
-( D( K EP ;C 1= "C SKG
P= G( := gK 0Ck> P= G( V ;( G( T( := gK G := L 0Ck> ' ( = ;C "( SK1(E* SKG P 0(U;( KC C P 0(U qC C%
SK5C E< ( G "-( S= 0 EPLBC$= "KC ۖ := ( (C-&C 9 G nC-&C := K CC-&C EP;L (
= "C .MC SKTz( C2C := K E5N( ۖ H J= R
.MC K 0
MC SK(C := gK ML CDSk :K gK C > BCDC xG< V
$( = > UN( H ?
&C := ( "(D r
C (;C DC !( G( S= %C CN( x SK5 ; 4= &C = -C C
.V
( C1; ( n 0 g; 1 ( "(E$ _
W
= &C pK "= ,
5=BCDC
Face the Challenge! Identify the central theme of each Surah in this lesson. Ponder deeply to identify the
relation of each verse with that central theme. Relate the central theme of each Surah in Lesson 1B & 2B
with each other.
Typhoon, cyclone, flood ML CDSk He’ll definitely test EP ;C 1= "C He strived hard g

P= G( MC KK1= * E5N( .MC SK;C 1= * := K= L M N( := 2L C a "= > := 2L (zC ۖ pK SL-E* ! U; KK<= !( G( S= -C ( qC C% z N( : "(g T=N(
= <( SKT=CD n%+= 4( := 2L C MC SL2;( = 0 C !( U; M( KO P= G( MC KK1= * P 0(U UMN( ۚ n2D N( MC SL-;L 7 = * x5C= &C !( U; M( KO
C;< G ۖ := 2L ;( = %C P= G( :a G &L _
UC = -C DC SKT2C *K M N( .MC SK1 = *K !( "= CN( ۖ !K C K2L R= pK KK<= @ += !( U;
.VK (K ² L C; UN( q( SKE
}
( 4= BC J(D K( ' %L . a$ ( 0 !( U; C;< h (zC UMN( ۚ pK K "(10K E:L ; 7 !K U; ³ K ( = 0K ?
"= C = 0 1 := C &C
P= G _ K 1 0K .a 0(%C H J= R 'L ;C < ! U; UMN( ۚ 3C >( 3C BC# = E L # ( = 0K !K U; E:L ۚ ; 7 &C T ?
"= C KL 5=CD
P= G( := 2L C G ۖ ( E$ J(D C } ( 4= BC J(D P 0(F, ( 1= K T( := K5=&C G .MC SK;C - *K !( "= CN( ۖ y #0 P= G :K = 0 y #0
h i(CL& J( = 4 P= G( SK$i(0 h i(CL& !( (C-( !( U; 8
( 0(T KC C P 0(U . H ( 5 C J( P= G( !( U; M( KO
.:a "(&C _
a C< := K C
H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h (zC J(D UMN( ۚ 4( E P G( !K U; pK ,5=BCDC pK SL% = &C pK SL;K% SLC% M &C UN( !( G( S= %C _ S MC C DC
K L 2 0 ( G "-( S= 0 E:L ۖ "5= 3( "
J(D := 2L ("= T 3C EOS G x5C= &C !( U; M( KO P= G( := *K 7 E* E5N( qC C% .MC SKG( = 0K
qC C% ۘ ¦ b SL !K C P G CD .P 0(W ( 5 P= G( := 2L C G 4K E :K L B G x1= T := 2L K 1= T PK 1 ; 0 /
H 1= T( := 2L K 1= T
3C ESK !( (E04zL J(D ; 1 _ SL-1= 0 @ = N( !K C = g .:K "(2 FK 0(F1 S gK !K E5N( ۖ JT4 CN( a ( GK J5N(
.V( (E P ( C 3( >( J(D !K E5N( ۖ "5= J(D pK = &C pK "= * _ 2(
MC SK*B C := 2L E(&C .V
( C1 P G( H &C P= G( T( := 2L -C G C #
( C MC SK*B C := 2L E5N( !( G( S= -C ( qC C% z N( nASL
( SLC% M &C UN( !( G( S= %C _
S MC C DC ۖ 2C = K :K 2L 0(O5 J(D MC SK*B * 'C "(E$ MC SK1kC - * qC
.P 0($
( K ( S= -C C;< J(5= K 5= _4 qC C% .V %( O( E P G( = L M N( !( U; _ ( C1 T(
.V
( (C SK5C ;C g= &C UMN( ۖ ( 0= -C p( ( g '( g= &C SL2;( = GK E5N( SLC% # = K(T : "(g T=N( ;L K 4K 8
= Q EC
.P 0(T( P G(
= 5C !K *&C G= UN( !K ;C g= &C !K E",KC ۖ "(D P= T( :K ;C <= &C PK
= 5 SLC% ۚ nASL "(D UMN( qC C%
(1) It is a long t1G ;K from :"& _ < ... = 0 := C &C. Between the words of Prophet Abraham $ 3S; !";<,
Allah has added His comments. This is called V*. This term is used for the added words of a speaker while
describing words of someone else.

E5N( ۖ M F
= * C ?
= 7 * C SLC% 2 x<4= zC := ( T( @ t := ( T( Q J( nASL ;L K 4K 8 = Q 1 M &C EC
( E$ P G( xF= 4( ( 0= -C p( ( g '( g= &C ;C < MC SLF( = GK E5N( .P 0( T( P G( = 5C h *&C G= UN( h
;C g= &C S,GK
.MC SL;-( 1= 0 H S= -C ( n "T n 0 = G( * = -C C .MC SL-$K 0 SK5C T(
}( 4= BC J(D =S)C1= * C >( S= " SK 4= ! U; KK<= ( S= %C 0 qC C-DC x"= 1 RK := gK >&C 3 P 0= G CN(
:= 2L C P E"* = %C O SKC 3 xO< .V ( ( := g( 4( O J(D SKW = BCDC L C = E :K K *=C > BCDC pK SKTU2C DC .P 0($ ( GK
MC K4C% .P 0(( = $ = GK SK5C '( "(E$ P( < := gK E DC := K C<= &C ML Ck"= E# :K K C P E0+ ۖ := ( (( $G P= G(
¢;2L DC .V -( T( SK5C G } ( 4= BC J(D K2 = CD 8 ( "(T SKG := gK Q = -C C ۖ MC Gg MC S= < = D(
!( T( $
> P= G := K = G( L "= E !K *=C > &C P= G := K = G( xW ( !( "= ;C < ; 4= &C P= G := K = ( DC ۖ !( (5=C T( 5 > &C
.MC SK;( 0 := K $
L 5=&C SK5C P= 2( C := K ;( "( !K U; MC C G ۚ % &C P= G := K = G( }
4= BC
K "= C 8
( SK"K P g = &C UMN( ۖ x"= T 8= C 7 E* 8( SK2C = 1 '( )C C Q "(= &C !( U; M( KO P= G( L7 E* P 0(U 'L )CG
.:K "(2 FK 0(F1 S gK ۚ H J= R P= G( !( 5(KO P= G( MC SK<= 0 G :K ;C 1= 0 ! U; UMN( .MC SK;C 1= 0 SK5C S= C ۖ 8 ( SK2C = 1
UMN( ۚ (T } 4= BC 8 ( E$ !K U; ;C > .MC SK(1 UN( ;L -( 1= 0 G ۖ ~ ( E;( TK( = 5 qL C)G= BC h ; *(
P( < = * 3C C;E UMN( ۖ 3C C;E :( %( &C _ ( 2( P G( h "= CN( J ( L& G 'L *= .V (G( = K ; ( n 0C h
(zC J(D
.MC SK1= * G :K ;C 1= 0 !K U; ۗ K &C !( U; K ( C ۗ ( 2C = K ( #= C
qC F( 5=&L (U(T EG SLSL% ۖ := K = G( SK;C C P 0(U UN( PK $ = &C J g( J(U(T UN( _ ( 2( 'C g= &C SLO( ,*K C
P 0(UCD ۚ _
2( h "= CN( F 5=&C h
(C C .MC SK;( $= GK !K C PK = 5 a ( := 2L K CN( K CN( := 2L "= CN( qC F( 5=L& "= CN(
= L G .MC KD( C2 UN( *(0(T K , = 0 G ۚ !( T( PK G( = 0K P= G ( CK g P= G( ۖ !( T( MC SKG( = 0K _
2( :K gK "= *
4( KW K J(D 8 a "T 8
a 0 S gK ' T .MC SL;k( = K _ *4= C nzN( ۖ h ("("T( !K k 7 K * C _ H ( P= G( !( ;( = %C =PG( SL;= *
.MC SK(U UN( *(0(T K , = 0 G ۚ : ; 1( SK*L& P 0(U
(1) If the word M
& comes between EC and a verb after it, it gives the sense of a reason. It means: “Lot felt bad and
tired because our messengers came to him”. His feeling was due to the reason that the angels were in form of
attractive young boys. Prophet Lot $ 3S; !";< worried that homosexuals will force him to handover these boys to
them. If he does not allow them to enter his home, they may become victim of the homosexuals. (2) It means that
“he became tired due to it”. (3) Relative verbs are omitted due to its perceptibility.
He doubts _
*4= C Wind throwing stones xW
( Earthquake L C = E

E5&C := ( ( 2 0 := C &C .V
a (GK a 0(5 5&C E5N( !( U; = <( 8
K 0 E5N( ' %L ۖ !( T4 P= G( 8
a 0 !( "= ;C < qC F( 5=&L CS= C SLC%
J("= T !( U;(T C C ' %L .MC SKG( = 0K H S= -C ( z( n = C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ := ( "= ;C < ;C = 0K _
2( h "= ;C < F 5=C&
:K gK h i(CL& !( U;(T KC C '( A( (T SKG P 0(U ۗ } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$ J(D G :K ;C 1= 0 ۖ x"(R := 2L "= T
.MC K( 7
.MC K1K #
= 0 C := gK n = T := K E"*(B "C _
K C1 :K gK Q ,C $ GK 'b C& CS= C ۚ _ ( C1 (T h
5SL;,
( 1= $= 0

( = * P= G( := ( %( S= DC P= G( _
K C1 :K gK #= 0 S= 0 .P 0(D( C2(T b kC "(K C : E UMN( _ ( C1 (T h
5SL;,
( 1= $ = 0
.MC SL; 1= * := K= L G SL%Lz qL SL-0 := ( ;( K 4= &C
"= CN( E:L ۖ 8( S= L -C ( Cz d H 5 ' L .M( KK<= CD E0{(DC 1 b 1 ( J(t4= &C UMN( SKG P 0(U O( <( 0
4K 5=BC ( = * P= G( (, = * nD L ( E,
P G( := K ECSKC 8( (E SL;( < SKG P0(U .MC SK1 = *K
'L ( = * C H ET O P= G( P= 0BCC .MC SL;US 0 := ( T4 ;C < KW P 0(U .V ;( G( 1 K = &C : 1= 5( ۚ "(D P 0((>
.:K "(;1 9K "(E$ S gK ۚ := L E0N( %L +K = 0 !K U; %C += 4(
CMSL2DC = 0K E5BCDC ۖ !K U; EPLSL-"C -C d = E# E7 } 4= BC 8 ( E$ ;C > P= G := K CB P= i(C
qC EF5 P= G := K BC P= i(C .:a "(;< H J= R '2L T( ! U; UMN( ۚ !K C 4K ( - 0 p( O( <( P= G( y #0 P= ( @ += L K$= 0 !K U;
.MC SL;-( 1= 0 C := gK K )C &C ' T ۚ !( U;( K =
'( %L ۚ !K U; EPLSL-"C *(S= G ( 1= T P= G( } 4= BC !( T( " = BCDC G (E$ P G(
.MC SK;C 1= 0 SK5C S= C ۚ ML S" J ( C 3C >( 4 E UMN( ۚ I a 1( C Sa = C UN( "5= 3L "
p( ( g G
.MC SL( # = 0K := gK CzN( CN( := gK E,5 E;C CD P 0 !K C V ( ;( 7 = GK ! U; KS< O h ( ; L J(D SK(4 Cz{(DC
~K E ? K Uk7 0K xG( xG ; 1 E5&C = 0 := C &C .MC SK;C 1= 0
S= $ DC ۖ SK1E "( := gK "= * T( KL 2 "(

= &C xT( C !( U; C;< D P( EG( :K ;C C& P= G .MC KL 2 0 !( U; ( 1= (T( MC SKG( = 0K '( A( (DC &C ۚ := ( (S= P= G(
P0(D( C2; ( xS) G : E J(D d "= C&C ۚ pK Q EC (T _ UC
.V
($
(= K 9 C ! U; UMN( ۚ ;C KK := K E0( = C "(D Kg P 0(U
(1) The content of these verses indicate that they were revealed during the last years of the Prophet’s :; !";< ^ ;W
stay at Makkah. The Muslims were prepared to migrate to another land and strive hard in Allah’s way. The last verse
is a clear indication that Allah is going to provide them a shelter at a new land.
They should enjoy benefit SK1E "( We’ll definitely, surely

settle them
:= K ECSKC Sudden n = T

:" P= ^ :$T ( K 3L 4 SK

K G= BC !( U;( ۗ V
(( 9(
= T( J(D .MC SK;( = " := ( (;C C ( 1= T P= G( := gK 2 } ( 4= BC 5O= &C J(D .1 K ( ;( L .´
<= .:K "( E FK 0(F1 S gK ۖ y #0 P= G K K = 0 ۚ !( U; ( = T( .MC SKG( = K
K 0 H i(G S= 0 ۚ K 1= T P= G( 'L = %C P= G(
P( < := gK "5= 3( " P G( xg( C MC SK;C 1= 0 .MC SK;C 1= 0 C ~( E )C &C EP2( C pK <= !K U; ? K (;7 = 0K C ۖ !( U;
.MC SL;D( C := gK 3( >(
ۗ $ GK 'H &C
(T UN( K "= T G } 4= BC 8 ( E$ !K U; ;C > G ۗ := ( $ ( L 5=&C J(D KU2C 0 := C &C
L %( < MC C ? "= C KL = "DC }
( 4= BC J(D K($0 := C &C .MC KD( C2C := ( T4 ( C-;( T( ~ ( E P G( x)(C UMN(
:= K *=Q gK < EG( )C &C gK < } 4= BC K4C&C 3n ES%L := K = G( ER &C SK5C ۚ =:( ;( = %C P= G( P 0(U
P 0(U C %( < MC C E:L .MC SK;( 0 := K $ L 5=&C SK5C P= 2( C := K ;( "( !K U; MC C DC ۖ 8 ( "(T := K ;L K 4K
.MC SLF( = $
= 0 T( SK5C !( U; 8 ( 0(T SKTUC M &C &CS$ y&C
:= K C P= 2L 0 := C .MC SKG( , = K dK ;( = 0K L < E$ K SL-* S= 0 .MC SK1 = *K !( "= CN( E:L pK K "(10K E:L ; 7
&L= 0 !K U;
P 0(U EGBCDC .MC SL%EC 0 H i(G S= 0 L < E$ K SL-* S= 0 .P 0(D( C := ( (C #K T( SK5C y 1C RK := ( (C RK P= G(
3( >( ( C-( *(0(T SKTUC KC C P 0(U EG&C .MC K = 0K H t
= 4 J(D := K DC 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG
J(D K = !K C .MC SK(= *K V ( MC SK$= *K V ( !( U; MC = $ K CD .MC K = GK _ ( C1 J(D h i(CLBDC
.MC K( *K V
( "# ( < } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$
(1) As mentioned before, confirm events of future are described in the past tense. (2) Nearest land i.e. Syria &
Palestine. (3) Word 9T is used for a number 3 to 9.
Do you know?
In start of seventh century, there was a great chain of wars between the two super powers of that time i.e.
Roman & Persian Empires. At the time of revelation of this Surah, Persian forces invaded Rome and
captured the most part of present-day Turkey, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. The Pagans of Makkah
ridiculed the Muslims that our pagan brothers i.e. Magus have defeated your brothers i.e. the Christians
who are the People of Book. This Surah was revealed to comfort the Muslims with a prophecy that the
Romans will soon dominate the Persian empire. Within a few years, the Roman Emperor Hercules
gathered his armies and defeated the Persians.
He became extremely
despaired
d
K ;( = 0K They inhabited it gK < They exploited K4C&C

.MC SK 7
= *K h
(C C ۚ *(S= G 1= T }
4= BC J("
= 0K J
P G(
"
K ( 7
= 0K
( " P G( EJ

K ( 7
= 0K
.MC K#
( = * a #
T := K5=&C CzN( E:L _
H *K P= G( := 2L -C ;C > M &C !( *(0 P= G(
J(D UMN( ۚ n = 4 3n EOS G := 2L "= T 'C 1 "= CN( SK2L $
= ( x += &C := 2L $
( L 5=&C P= G( := 2L C ;C > M &C !( *(0 P= G(
.MC KU2C 0 H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h
(zC
.V
( (1; ( 8
H 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ := 2L 5( S&C := 2L ($
( &C
K C;(>= }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ K ; > !( (*0 P= G(
.MC SK1 $
= 0 H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ !( ;(
= DC P= G( := L £K (T= 4( E '( "= U;(T := 2L GK G !( (*0 P= G(
J(D UMN( ۚ *(S= G 1= T }
4= BC !( T( J("
= "KDC G ( E$ P G( qL F0K x1 AC nDS= > @ = :K 2L 0(0K !( *(0 P= G(
.MC SL;-( 1= 0 H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h
(zC
.MC SKK 7
= * := K5=&C CzN( }
( 4= BC P G( 3n S <= O := L <O CzN( E:L ۚ p( ( G= BCT( }
K 4= BC y E$ SL-* M &C !( *(0 P= G(
ۚ !( "= ;C < ML S g= &C S gK pK K "(10K E:L ; 7
&L = 0 (U S gK .MC SK5(C% !K C '§ L ۖ }( 4= BC 8 ( E$ J(D P= G !K C
ۖ := 2L $ ( L 5=&C P= G( n;)CG := 2L C _ t .:K "(2 FK 0(F1 S gK ۚ }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ J(D ;C <= BC 'L )C !K C
:= 2L (C "(7C := K 5SLD7* ¥ S !( "(D := K5=BCDC := L% + 4 G J(D Q C RK P= G( := 2L 5K0=&C = 2C ;C G G P= G( := 2L C ' g
P= DC ۖ :H ; <( ( "= T( := gK Q Sg= &C SK;C C P 0(U 9 E* '( T .MC SL;-( 1= 0 H S= -C ( 8 ( 0 'L C 5K h (C C ۚ := 2L $
L 5=&C
.P 0(W
( 5 P= G( := K C G ۖ !K U; U't &C P= G (= 0
PK 0 h (zC ۚ !( U; ( ; 7
( 'C 0(= * C ۚ "= ;C < ~
E kC DC J(U !( U; 8
k D( ۚ n"( P( 0;( h = 1 := %( BCDC
.V
( ( #
= K P G( SK5S2L * C 3C C;E SK"(%&C pK SL-E* !( "= CN( V ("(GK .MC SK;C 1= 0 C ~( E )C &C EP2( C :K "-C
.MC SK ( DC := ( 0= C T( _
H F= ( ' L ۖ x1"R( SK5C := K 0(O SL%EDC P 0(U P G(
:= ( T T( := K = G( a 0(DC CzN( n = 4 !K = G( := K %C Cz&C CzN( E:L 2 !( "= CN( V ("(GK := K ET4 =S< O ¡t K ~ E EdG CzN(
T( :K U;2C 0 S K DC x5Ck; K := ( "= ;C < F 5=&C = &C .MC SK;C 1= *
S= $
DC SK1E DC ۚ := gK "= * T( KL 2 "( .MC SL( # = 0K
CzN( := ( 0(0=&C = G E%C T( b iC" := K = ( *K M N( ۖ T( SK ( DC n = 4 ~ E % zC &C CzN( 3 CMSL( # = 0K !( T( SK5C
.MC SKG( = 0K H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h (zC J(D UMN( ۚ 4K ( - 0 y #0 P= ( @ +=
L$ K = 0 ! U; UM&C = 0 := C &C .MC SLk- 0 := gK
(1) The communication is directed towards the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W as the representative of the Muslims. (2) It is
the q depicting their condition. (3) The question indicate the wrath and reproach of Allah.

:K gK h i(CL& ۖ !( U; ! = MC K0(0K P 0(U;( a "= > h

(zC ۚ '( "(E$ P T= V 2( $ = ( !K U- T= -L Cz 8
( CD
3H C+ P= G( := K"= * G ۖ !( U; = <( SKT= 0 C;DC ~
( E q( SG= &C J(D S TK= "( 1 xT4( P= G( := K"= * G .MC SK;( K
.MC SL1(
= K :K gK h i(CLBDC !( U; ! = MC K0(*K
P= G( := 2L (zC P= G( 'L 1 0 P= G := 2L (C RK =PG( ' g ۖ := 2L "("
= 0K E:L := 2L K"(0K E:L := 2L %C + 4 E:L := 2L -C ;C > (U !K U;
~ ( E ( 0=&C = $ C T( ( = J(D OK $C C .MC SL( # = 0K E< C1* !K 5= K ۚ H J= R
P 0(U L %( < MC C ? "= C KL 5=CD } ( 4= BC J(D K( ' %L .MC SK1( = 0 := K U;1 C SL;( < (U / 1= T := K C-0("K(
.V
( ( # = GK := gK K )C &C MC C ۚ 'L = %C P= G(
!( "= ;C 1 DC C C P= G .MC SK<EE 0 H i(G S= 0 ۖ !( U; P G( !K C EO G C a S= 0 J *(B 0 M &C '( = %C P= G( :( "-C P( 0;( h
= := %( BCDC
ۚ !( ;( = DC P= G( 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U F( , = "( .MC K = 0 := ( $ ( L 5=BC;( DC x(W 'C ( < P= G ۖ pK K L
.P 0(D( C2 I( 0K C !K E5N(
P= G( SK= ( p( ( G= BCT( h
K ; L ( , = ( !( ( = 4 P= G( := 2L -C 0("K( 8 H #GK 0 'C ( = 0K M &C !( (*0 P= G(
P G( = -C 5=CD 8
( "(T := gK y, DC := ( G( S= %C CN( n;K 4K h ;( = %C P= G( ; 4= &C = -C C .MC K2L # = * := 2L U;1 C !( ;(
= DC
J(D !K kL $K = "DC xT K )(KDC 0 'L ( = 0K (U !K U; .V (G( = K K = 5 "= ;C < ¢- MC C ۖ SKG = &C P 0(U
P= G( y #0 P= G !( T( _ W&C Cz{(DC ۖ !( (C;>( P= G( K K 7
= 0 @ O= S DC n$ ( !K ;L 1 ,= 0 y #0 ? "= C ( E$
.V
$ ( ;( = K C !( ;( = %C P= G( := ( "= ;C < qC EF0K M &C '( = %C P= G( SK5C M N( .MC K# ( = $
= 0 := gK CzN( p( O( <(
;C < S gK ۖ *S= J("
= K C h
(zC UMN( ۚ *(S= G 1= T } 4= BC J(" = 0K ? "= C !( U; ( = 4 4( C CN( = L 5=CD
.MC KL 2 0 p( ( 1= T P= G( S;C C C = GK pK = &C DC x0=4( ; =4&C P= i(C .a 0(%C H J= R 'L
(1) This is a comparison between Interest & Zakat.
Raindrops @
O= S He moves
K )(*K So that it increases (as
interest on loans)
S TK= "(
They are asked to repent MC SK1= $
= 0K Fragments, pieces n$
( There is no chance of
aversion
!K C EO G C

P= < J( = 1K O( T(
5=&C G .P 0(T(= GK =SU CzN( Q < E: 9K ( $ = *K C *S= 9K ( $ = *K C h E5{(DC
.MC SK;( $= GK := K DC *(0(T PK G( = 0K P= G UN( 9K ( $
= *K M N( ۖ := ( (CC;t

ۚ n "= R n1= t
3H ES%L ( 1= T P= G( 'C 1 E:L 3n ES%L ? H 1= t ( 1= T P= G( 'C 1 E:L ? H 1= t P= G( := 2L -C ;C > (U !K U;
ۚ H < "= C SL)(C G MC SKG( , = K :K $ ( - 0K L < E$ K SL-* S= 0 .K 0(-C :K "(;1 S gK ۖ y #0 G K ;L 7 = 0
ۖr
( 1= ( S= 0 CN( !( U; _
( ( J(D := K) (C = -C C MC 0={( : ; 1( SK*L& P 0(U qC C% .MC SL2DC = 0K SK5C h (C C
:= gK C := K *K4 ( 1= G SK;C C P 0(U 9K C = 0 C H i(G S= "DC .MC SK;C 1= * C := K= L := 2L E2( C r ( 1= K S= 0 C DC
.MC SK1= $
= 0K
UN( := K5=&C M N( KC C P 0(U EPCSL-"C H 0(T := K i ( P= i(C ۚ 'H )CG 'L P= G( M( =-L Cg J(D ~ ( E;( T= t
= -C C
.MC SK ;C 1= 0 C P 0(U _
( SL;%L ;C < !K U; 9K k 0 h
(C C .MC SL;k( = GK
.MC SK%( SK0 C P 0(U h
EU7
( $
= 0 C ۖ ¡ !( U; <= UMN( = (W
= CD
Rule of the Day

If the word M is added to any verb in present tense, it makes in past
continuous tense. For example '
L L B0 (he eats), will become 'L L B0 MC C
(he used to eat).
Worth Reading!
What are the Quranic teachings about defamation? Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0006-Defamation.htm
Rule of the Day

Masculine numbers are used with feminine nouns while feminine
numbers are used with masculine nouns.

:" P= ^ :$T MC - L 3L 4 SK

3C CEF MC SK*= 0K 3C C;E MC SK"(-0K P 0(U .V ($( = K ; ( n = 4 xgK .:( "(2 _
( 2( 8 K 0 h ; *( .:
P= G ~ ( E P G( .MC SK;( K :K gK h i(CL& ۖ := ( T4 P= G( xgK ;C < h i(CL& .MC SK%( SK0 := gK 3( >( (T := gK
.V
a ( GK _ a C< := K C h i(CL& ۚ xFK gK gC 7 ( E0 :H ; <( ( "= T( !( U; '( "( P= < U' ( "K( r
( 0( S = C 1 (# = 0
UMN( .:H "(&C _ H C1 T( pK = #DC ۖ x% !( "= 5zL &L J(D UMBCC 1= $ = 0 := C M BCC x(2 $= GK U *K0 !( "= ;C < ;C = *K CzN(
FK 0(F1 S gK ۚ ¢- !( U; <= ۖ "(D P 0((> .:( "(1E 8 K E := K C 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U
.:K "(2
H ET O 'L P= G( "(D UrT := 2L T( "(* M &C J ( 4 }
( 4= BC J(D -C &C ۖ 5= * H < ( "= T( 8
( E$ ;C >
P 0(U ;C > CzG J(5K4BCDC !( U; K ; > Cg .¤H ( C H = + 'L P= G( "(D = 5=BCDC G ( E$ P G( F 5=&C ۚ
.VH (GK qH C;t J(D MC SK(U '( T ۚ !( 5(KO P= G(
¡J(C ! U; UM{(DC C C P= G ۖ !( $
( ( K 2L #
= 0 E5{(DC = 2L # = 0 P= G ۚ !( U;( = 2L R= M( &C C 2
( MC - L "= * = -C C
"= EW .:a "(< :a ; L C = # UMN( ۖ !( U;(T = ( # = *K C EJTK 0 !K L 1( 0 S gK !( (T=( ML - L qC C% z N( .a "(
EJCN( h 0= ( S( J( = 2L R= M( &C P( "= G < J(D K!L D( PH g= ;C < xg= !K G&L !K = ;C !( 0= ( ST( MC $5={(
"5= J(D K = ( W ۖ K 1= k( *K C;DC :a ; <( !( T( h C d "= C G J(T ( # = *K M &C ;C < g M N( . K (
.MC SL; 1= * := K= L T( := 2L iL5BLDC := 2L 1K ( = G EJCN( E:L ۚ EJCN( _ 5&C P= G 'C "( 9= (E* ۖ nDK1= G
8
( B 0 } ( 4= BC J(D = &C 8 ( E$ J(D = &C 3H 7 = W J(D P= 2L DC qH O = > P= G( H E qC C-) G( h K * M N( E5N( EJTK 0
G ;C < = (W
= ( 2C = K P( < ! 5=
( K1= (T = GK & 3C C;E :( %( &C EJTK 0 .

a (> ?
a "(kC ! U; UMN( ۚ !K U; T(
C ! U; UMN( ۖ x G }
( 4= BC J(D u ( = * C ~
( E;( E> = 1 *K C .4( SKGBL ( F= < P= G( h (zC UMN( ۖ h TW&C
8
K S= C 8 ( SW = BC 2C 5=&C UMN( ۚ h *(S= W
P= G( / = K h "(#
= G J(D = ( % .4H SK7DC qH 7 = GK U'L I ( 0K
. ( (

(1) The word R is also used for preferring something.

ۗ n A( T 3n g( C !K 1 5( := 2L "= ;C < eC = &C }( 4= BC J(D G 8( E$ J(D G := 2L C E7 ! U; UM&C =* := C&C
qC F 5=&C G SK1(E* :K K C 'C "(% CzN( . H (GK _ H ( C xgK C :H ; <( ( "= T( !( U; J(D qL O( ,0K P= G ~ ( E P G(
P= G . ( 1( E$ _ ( C< CN( := gK SK<= 0 ML Ck"= E# MC C S= C &C ۚ 5Q T !( "= ;C < 5= G 9K (E5 ' T SLC% !K U;
P= G .4( SKGBL L %( < !( U; CN( ۗ -C SK 3( = 1K (T h $ = = ( -C DC Pa $
( = GK S gK !( U; CN( !K = := ;( $ = 0K
:= K 1K 5K .4( K 8 ( CT( :a "(;< ! U; UMN( ۚ SL;( < T( := K iLKDC := K 1K ( = G "= CN( ۚ pK K L h
5=FK
= 0 C;DC C C
.°H "(;C _ H C< 1 CN( := gK kC = 5 E:L n;"(;%C
.MC SK;C 1= 0 C := gK K )C &C ' T ۚ !( U;( K =
'( %L ۚ !K U; EPLSL-"C } 4= BC 8 ( E$ ;C > P= G := K CB P= i(C
a C;% &C 3H ,
R P= G( } ( 4= BC J(D E5&C S= C .K "( J( S gK ! U; UMN( ۚ }( 4= BC 8 ( E$ J(D G !( U;(
C := 2L -L ; > G .:a "(2 Fa 0(F< ! U; UMN( ۗ !( U; 8 K ;( C 8 = ( 5 G H
K T=&C L 1 = p( ( 1= T P= G( pK K 0 K
=
.a ( T 9a "( ! U; UMN( ۗ 3H ( d H C UN( := 2L )L1= T
(, = 0 '§ L -C d
= E# E7 '( "= U; J(D 4 E ®
K (SK0 4( E J(D 'C "= U; ® K (SK0 ! U; UM&C * := C&C
!( 5(KO P= G( MC SK<= 0 G UM&C S gK ! U; UMBC(T h
(zC .a (> MC SL; 1= * T( ! U; UM&C $ GK 'H &C CN(
. K (2C J;( 1 S gK ! U; UM&C 'L A(
4H EW
'2L ( 8 H 0C h (zC J(D UMN( ۚ !( *(0 P= G( := 2L 0( "K( !( U;
( 1= (T( (
= J(D (, = * h
; L UMC& * := C&C
:= K = ( DC CN( := gK E,5 E;C DC P 0 !K C V
( ;( 7 = GK ! U; KS< O '( ;C C a S= G := K "(#C CzN( .4H SL2R
.4H SLC 4H E> ' L UN( *(0(T K
, = 0 G ۚ 2 a ( - GK
p( ( ( P= < +H 3 S gK Oa SLS= G C p( ( C P= < a ( (F, = 0 C xGS= 0 =S# >= := 2L ET4 SL-E* ~ K E 0&C 0
:K ; <( pK = <( ! U; UMN( .4K K !( U;(T := 2L E5EK 0 C "5= 3L "
:K 2L E5EK * C;DC ۖ ¡ !( U; <= UMN( ۚ ni"= R
d
a 5 (4= * G ۖ xC I K $ ( 2 * CzG d a 5 (4= * G ۖ ( 4= BC J(D G :K ;C 1= 0 r C "= qL F0K ( < E$
.(> :a "(;< ! U; UMN( ۚ 8 K SK* } H 4= &C BCT(
(1) This depicts the picture of dragging with power. (2) Some words are omitted due to their perceptibility. They are
shown in the red color in the translation. Full translation will be: “When We rescue them towards the land, some of
them are on the right track but majority of them deny. Nobody denies our signs except every disloyal and thankful
person.” (3) Double G has created enormous emphasis. It means: “The father will not be able to do anything for
his child and definitely, surely the child will also not be able to do anything for his father.”

:" P= ^ :$T 3,

= E$ 3L 4 SK
4 ( = K( h T4 P= G( S gK ' T ۚ pK D MC SLSL-0 = &C .V
( C1 _4 P= G( !( "(D I 0=4 C _ ( 2( 'L 0(F= * .:
K "= T G }
4= BC 8( E$ ;C > (U !K U; .MC K= 0 := K U;1 C h ;( = %C P= G( H 0(5 P= G( := gK *C& G xGS= %C
K T 0K .MC KUC * C;DC &C ۚ 9H "(R C J( P= G( !( 5(KO P= G( := 2L C G ۖ w ( = 1 C;< S = E:L H E0&C ( E( J(D
:K (< h (zC .MC 1K * EG( H ?
&C pK 4K - G( MC C H =S0 J(D !( "= CN(
K K 1= 0 E:L } ( 4= BC CN( ( E$ P G( G= BC
.:K "( E FK 0(F1 3( O E# I ( "=
H G P= G( H CC;K P= G( !K ;C $
= 5 'C 1 E:L .V H A( P= G( M( $5={( ; > &C T ۖ !K -C ;C > H J= R U'L P $ = &C (U
.MC K2L #= * G n;"(;%C ۚ 3C i(D BC 4 T=BC 9 = E$ :K 2L C 'C 1 ۖ !( ( K4 P= G( !( "(D C 5 pK ES E:L .VH ( G
.MC KD( C := ( T4 ( C-;( T( := gK ' T ۚ H 0( H ; > J(C E5N(&C }
( 4= BC J(D ; ;C t CzN(&C SLC%
SK$( 5 MC SKG( , = K z( N( * S= C .MC SK1 = *K := 2L T4 CN( E:L := 2L T( 'C K (U 8 ( S= h
K ;C G := L UDS0 ' %L
U'L "= *C i R( S= C .MC SK%( SKG E5N( x(W ' 1= 5 1= ( 4= DC 1= ( 5= T=&C ET4 := ( T4 = <( := ( ( y4K
1 := K"($5 T( SL%LDC .V 1( = &C ~
( E ( E, ( P G( : E UMBC;C G= BCC JG( qL S= -C E P= 2( C g gK d H 5
.MC SL; 1= * := K= L T( ( ; 7
K _ C< SL%Lz ۖ := L "($5 E5N( Cg := 2L G( S= 0 Q C-(
.MC K(2 $
= 0 C := gK := ( T4 ( = T( SKE xE,K > T( KzL CzN( P 0(U *(0(T PK G( = 0K E5N(
C;DC .MC SL-( = 0K := gK % + 4 EG( x1 AC nDS= > := K ET4 MC SK<= 0 9( ( P( < := K TKSKK DC ,* (3,)
.MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C T( F PH "K<= &C 3( E%L P= G( := K C J ( >= &L G d
a 5 :K ;C 1= *
(1) The word J$5 is also used for “ignoring something”.
Worth Reading
What is the relationship between the revelation and the intellect? Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0007-Revelation.htm
They lowered (due to

regret and disgrace)
SK$( 5 He was assigned to carry
off your souls
:= 2L T( 'C K Extract H CC;K

8K E := K ;C DC 8( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U EG&C .MC KS$ = 0 C ۚ n-( CD MC C P= C xG( = GK MC C P= DC &C
= G( SKK 7
= 0 M &C KO 4&C U;L ۖ 4K E :K gK B DC SL-$ DC P 0(U EG&C .MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C T( nFK 5K B
5O= BC _
( C1 P G( := K E-C 0(KC .MC SKT2C *K !( T( := K= L (U 4( E _
C< SL%Lz := K C 'C "(% "(D K"(<&L
P G( E5N( ۚ = < } <= &C E:L !( T4 8 ( 0(T zL P= EG( :K ;C &C P= G .MC SK1( = 0 := K U;1 C ( BC _
( C1 MC KO
.MC SK-( = GK V
G( ( ,
= K
; 1 .'C "( = N( J(( xgK pK ; 1 ۖ !( (C-( P= G( H 0= G( J(D 1 P= 2L * C;DC _ 2( SKG "= * = -C C
( G "-( S= 0 := K "= T 'L ( 0 S gK h
ET4 UMN( .MC SK%( SK0 *(0(T SK5C ۖ KW
EC 5( G= BCT( MC K= 0 n E(&C := K = G(
.MC SL;( 7 = 0 !( "(D SK5C "(D
C;DC &C ۖ 8
H 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ := ( (( $G J(D MC SK#= 0 M( K-L P G( := ( ;( = %C P= G( 2 ;C g= &C := C := K C ( = 0 := C &C
CMSK1 $ = 0
C;DC &C ۖ := K $
K L 5=&C := K GK 15=&C !K = G( 'L L B * x<4= + !( T(
K ( 7
= KDC +( K ,
K }
( 4= BC CN( Q @
K SK$5 E5&C =0 := C &C
CMK( = 0K
:= gK C := K 5KµN( KC C P 0(U 9K C = 0 C `
( = C S= 0 ' %L .V %( O( W := K= L M N( ` K = C Cg G MC SLSL-0
.MC K( = GK := K E5N( = ( 5= := K = < }= ( <= CBDC .MC KC = 0K
(1) It is a t1G ;K i.e. !( (C-( P
= G( H 0= G( J(D P= 2L * C;DC . It is an indirect reproach for the unbelievers.
Rule of the Day

If both the c> G have an q or both are without it, it is a J"WS* IG. If
the q is only on the G, then it is a "= ;K.
Barren +( K ,
K Doubt H 0= G(

:" P= ^ :$T 1 _

F = j 3L 4 SK
SK0 G 9= (E* .x"(2 x"(;< MC C ! U; UMN( ۗ V -( D( K P 0(D( C2 9( k( *K C ! U; ( E* J(E 0&C 0
.n;"( !( U;(T C C ۚ !( U; C;< ' US * . x(> MC SL; 1= * T( MC C ! U; UMN( ۚ h T4 P= G( h
"= CN(
G ۚ := 2L *(EG&L EPK = G( MC Kg( C*K J(U; :K 2L += &C C'1 G ۚ !( D( S= J(D P( "= ; %C P= G( 'H K ( !K U; 'C 1 G
:= gK SK<O= .'C "(E$ (= 0 S gK E qL SL-0 !K U; ۖ := 2L g( SD BCT( := 2L LS= %C := 2L (zC ۚ := L Q T=&C := L Q "<( O= &C 'C 1
:= 2L "= ;C < d
"= C ۚ := 2L "( SG P( 0 J(D := 2L 5K S>= {(DC := gK Q T SK;C 1= * := C M {(DC ۚ !( U; = <( L$ % &C S gK := ( (T(
.x"( 4 x4SLC !K U; MC C ۚ := 2L TKSL;%L 8 = E1 * G P= 2( C !( T( := *KB kC >= &C "(D a K
J(D /H 1= T( C= &C := K
K 1= T ( 4= BC SLL& ۗ := K *KEG&L !K K += &C ۖ := ( $
( L 5=&C P= G( V
(G( = K (T C= &C J(E
_
( 2( J(D h (zC MC C ۚ nDK1= G := 2L ("(= &C CN( SL;1 * M &C UN( P 0(( K V (G( = K P G( !( U; _
( (
. x4SLk$
= G
:= K = G( 5 > &C ۖ : 0= G P( T= $"(< SKG : "(g T=N( HSK5 P= G( h = G( := K %C C)"(G V
"(E P G( 5 >&C z N(
.x"(&C xT C< P 0(D( C2; ( E< &C ۚ := ( %( = W
( P= < V %( O( E qC BC$ = "( .n"(;C n%C)"(G
:= C xOSKK x0=4( := ( "= ;C < ; 4= BCDC Oa SKK := 2L *=Q z N( := 2L "= ;C < !( U; C 1= 5( KL z SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
( C + z N( := 2L = G( 'C C = &C P= G( := 2L %( S= DC P= G( := L y z N( . x( T MC SL; 1= * T( !K U; MC C ۚ g= *
n F+( SLF( +K MC SKG( = K J ;( KT= h(gK .5SK !( U;(T MC SL * 2 ( _K SL;-L ( ;C T 4K T=BC
z N( . x4KL UN( !K LSK4 !K U; 5 < G } a G := ( T(SL;%L J(D P 0(U MC SL-D( K LqSL-0 z N( . x0(R
*S"KTK UMN( MC SLSL-0 EJ(E :K K = G( a 0(DC ML z( B $
= 0 ۚ SK1( 4= CD := 2L C C-GK C _
( ) 0 'C g= &C 0 := K = G( b C(CA
= CC%
. x4 D( UN( MC K0(0K M N( ۖ 3H 4 S= 1 T( J g( G 3 3b 4 S= <
(1) This Surah was revealed at the time when joined armies of different tribes attacked on Madina to ruin it. The
Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W and his companions defended the city by digging a trench around it.
(2) It is a metaphor for describing intense fear & anxiety. In English, it is said: “He had his hearth in his mouth when
he saw his son climbing on a wall.”. In situation of extreme fear and anxiety, there is a feeling similar to it.
(3) 34S< means the part of body which should be covered. They’ve used this word as a metaphor that our homes are
at risk. We need to protect them. It was used as an excuse to flee from the battlefield.

SK5C = -C C . x$ ( 0 UN( T( SL)E;C * G gS= *C C = ( SL;i(K E:L g4( Ck% &C P= G( := ( "= ;C < = ;C >( OK S= C
:= *K4= DC M N( 4K ( :K 2L 1 C = 0 P= C ' %L .nSLi$= G !( U; K = < MC C ۚ 4 TO= BC MC SS 0K C 'L = %C P= G( ! U; Kg <
:= 2L T( O 4&C M N( !( U; P G( := 2L K ( 1= 0 (U Cz P= G ' %L .n;"(;%C UN( MC SK1E *K C nzN( '( = -C ( &C 8 ( =S P G(
. x ( 5 C "( !( U; M( KO P= G( := K C MC K,( 0 C ۚ n = 4 := 2L T( O 4&C 1 = &C SK
n ER( &C .n;"(;%C UN( ~ B MC SK*B 0 C ۖ "= CN( E:;L g := ( 5( S>= {(( V ;( (C- := 2L = G( V %( S1 K !K U; :K C;1= 0 = %C
Cz{(DC ۖ 8 ( S= P G( !( "= ;C < #
= 0K (UC := K K"K<= &C 4K K* h "= CN( MC KL = 0 := K 0=&C4
K S= 7 Q Cz{(DC ۖ := 2L "= ;C <

ۚ := K C<= &C !K U;
C = BCDC SKG( = 0K := C h
i(CL& ۚ ( "= 7
C;< n ER( &C 2 OH ( H $ ( BCT( := L SL-;C
K S= 7 I g zC
. x$ ( 0 !( U; C;< h (zC MC C
P= < MC SLBC$
= 0 _ ( <= BC JD( MC KOT := K E5&C S= C OS 0 _
K F = BC 8
( B0 M N( ۖ SKg 0 := C _ F = BC MC SK$ = 0
MC C P= ( b $
3b S = &L !( U; q( SK4 J(D := 2L C MC C = -C C .n;"(;%C UN( SL;*C% G := 2L "(D SK5C S= C ۖ := 2L (5=&C
. x)(C ! U; C zC >( S= " ! U; SK= 0
:= gK O + G ۚ !K LSK4 !K U; @ W
!K LSK4 !K U; 5 < G Cg SLC% _ F = BC MC SKG( = K C&4 EC
:= K = G( !K
= 5 %C P= G := K = ( DC ۖ !( "= ;C < ! U; Kg < G SL% W qb 4( V (G( = K P G( .x"(;$
= * x5µN( UN(
_ SK0 = &C Q R M N( V -( D( K _ 1 0K := ( %( = ( T( V
%( O( E !K U;
F( ,
= "( .n;0(= * SLET G ۖ K ( = 0 P= G
!K U; CC ۚ x"= > SL0 := C := ( ( "= T( KC C P 0(U !K U; EO4 .x"( 4 x4SLC MC C ! U; UMN( ۚ := ( "= ;C <
:= ( "(W"W P= G( _ ( 2( '( g= &C P= G( := gK Kg C P 0(U qC F 5=&C . xF0(F< 0S( %C !K U; MC C ۚ qC -( V (G( = K
:= K C SG= &C := gK 4 0O( := K t 4= &C := 2L C4 =&C .n-0(DC MC K( B * MC SL;K- * n-0(DC I <= :K ( T(SL;%L J(D
C %C
. x0(%C H J= R 'L ;C < !K U; MC C ۚ gSLikC * := C xt4= &C
(1) A phrase is omitted. Full sentence is: “Who can protect you from Allah, if He wants to do something bad from
you and who can stop His mercy if He wants to be Merciful for you.” (2) It is a metaphor to depict excessive use of
sharp tongues by the hypocrites to express their loyalty. It means “Their tongues are as sharp as iron”.
Villagers, Bedouin MC KOT Extremely miser n ER( &C Its dimensions, sides (of
the city
g4( Ck% &C
His oath !K
= 5 They talk to you slyly := L SL-;C They hesitated SL)E;C *
Their fortresses := ( "(W"W
Iron OH ( Those who create
problems
V
%( S1 K

x EP2L = &L EP2L 1= G &L P "= C1DC 0(+ "5= C3" MC O= ( *K EPK= L M N( h
( += BC( ' %L J(E 0&C 0
.x"(< x= &C EP2L = G( 8
( $ ( = K ; ( E< &C ! U; UM{(DC 3C >( 4 E !K CSK4 ! U; MC O= ( *K EPK= L M N( .n;"(
!( U; C;< h (zC MC C ۚ P( "= C 1= t ( _ K C1 C ? = < 0K H "GK H #
( CT( EP2L = G( (8B 0 P= G 1 J(E Q $5( 0
.xµ( C n%+= 4( C 5= <= &C P( "= *EG g = &C *(= 5K
x (W ' 1= * !( (SK4 !( U;( EP2L = G(
= K- 0 P= G . x$
( 0
}
a G !( (; %C J(D (U 9 k "DC q( S= -C (T P 1=
7 = * C;DC EPK"= -C E* M( N( ۚ ( $ P G( H BCC EPK$= C J(E Q $5( 0
V
*( 3C C;E P = %( &C ۖ 2 CLB ( E";( g( , * P = E* C EP2L *(SK"TK J(D MC = %C .nDK1= G nS= %C P ; %L
. x"= ( k * := L kC 0K ( "= 'C g= &C d
= :K 2L = n"(kC MC C ! U; UMN( ۚ ( 2
( !( U; 8 ( 0 P= G( EP2L *(SK"TK J(D ;C = 0K G MC = L z
8( C%O( E V %( O( E 8 ( 5(C- V
(5(C- 8( G( = K V
(G( = K 8
( ;( $
= K V ( ;( $
= K UMN(
V ( (E 8 ( C% K V %( K 8 ( 1R( 7 V 1( R( 7 8 ( T(E P 0(T(E
:= K C !K U; E< &C 8
( ( U x)(C ! U; P 0(( U 8 ( CD( := K KDL V ( D( 8( (E
.x"(< x= &C 3n ( = G
P= G ۗ := g( ( G= &C P= G( 3L "7
( :K K C MC SL20 M &C xG= &C !K LSK4 !K U; %C CzN( H G( = GK C PH G( = K ( MC C G
.x"(GK nC;t
U't
= -C DC !K CSK4 ! U; ¬ ( 1= 0
(1) These are special instructions given to the wives of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. (2) Usually queens adorn
themselves with a display of finery to express their pride and arrogance. The wives of the Prophet are forbidden to
do so. The character required from them is mentioned in these verses.
Do you know?
The wives of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W are given a special status in these verses that they are “the
mothers of all the believers”. They have to live a simple (not luxurious) life like the Prophet and it will
not be allowed for them to marry anyone after the Prophet’s death. They will be rewarded double in the
Hereafter for their service. If they do something wrong, their punishment will also be double. If they do
not want to get into this special trial, they are given an option to get divorce from the Prophet with a lot of
wealth. In such case, they will be ordinary women i.e. not the mothers of the believers. They’ll have all
rights/obligations like ordinary people. The Prophet presented this option to his wives but all of them
opted for taking the responsibility of being “Mothers of Believers”. They accepted to live a simple life
with him and refused to get divorce from him. This indicates the moral strength of their character. The
harshness in the language is directed towards the hypocrites who were trying to make a scandal.
Display of finery as queens do

* I leave you (divorce you) P2L = &L I give you wealth EP2L 1= G &L

J(D J(7 = *K ! U; ( E* h

= + h "= ;C < h = $
( G= &C !( "= ;C <
= 1 5=&C 1 !( "= ;C < !K U; : 1 5=&C (U;( qL SL-* z N(
2 xA C = G( a 0=+ %C E;C DC ۖ pK #7 = * M &C &C !K U; ~ E #7 = * !( 0(= GK !K U; G h $ ( 5
MC C ۚ xAC EPK = G( =S %C CzN( := ( ("<( O= &C
( += &C JD( a V
(G( = K C;< MC SL20 C J= 2C ( C = E+
.nSK1 G !( U; K G= &C
!( U; K G= &C MC C ۚ 'L = %C P= G( =S;C > P 0(U J(D !( U; C EK ۖ !K C !K U; }
DC "(D
H P= G( J(E C;< MC C G
!( U;(T C C ۗ ! U; UN( x &C MC S= # 7 = 0 C !K 5S= #
7 = 0 !( U; 8 ( C4( MC SK;0K P 0(U .3 x4K- G x4 %C
'2L T( !K U; MC C ۗ V "(E 4 : *> !( U; qC SK 4 P= 2( C := 2L (4( P= G( H &C T&C a E GK MC C G .x"($
.x"(;< H J= R
:= 2L "= ;C < J; 0K (U S gK .n;"(W&C 3n 2 TK pK SK . x )(C x z( ! U; KL z SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
ۚ a C; !K 5S= -C ; 0 S= 0 := K KE"
( * .x"( 4 V
(G( = K (T MC C ۚ 4( S CN( 8
( ;L P G( := 2L ( 7
= "K( !K K2C (C;G
.xµ( C x= &C := K C E< &C
( #T . x(GK x ( !( 5(z {(T( !( U; CN( x"<( O . x0(5 x #GK xg( R ; 4= &C E5N( J(E 0&C 0
C;< ' US * := gK Cz&C
= O V
-( D( K P 0(D( C2 9( k( *K C . x(C n;
= DC !( U; P G( := K C UMBCT( V (G( = K
.n;"( !( U;(T C C ۚ !( U;
P= G( EP( "= ;C < := 2L C DC EPgK S$ * M &C '( = %C P= G( EPgK SKK- U;AC E:L 8
( G( = K :K K
= 2C 5 CzN( SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
.n;"( x EPgK SK EPgK SK1 DC ۖ 51= * 3H E<(
(1) Zain Ibn Haritha !< ^ Jt4. (2) It means: “When Zaid finished his relation with her” i.e. he divorced her. (3) This
verse indicates Allah’s practice that He makes His Prophets an example for others. So the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W
should not worry. (4) This verse is the clear proof that Prophet Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W is the last Prophet of God.
He is compared with a “seal”. He is the seal of the Prophets. Prophethood ends at him.
Do you know?
In Arabia, it was a common practice to adopt a child and give him rights similar to one other’s children.
As a result of that, the rights of their real children were disturbed. Allah abolished this tradition. In order
to establish an example, He instructed His Prophet to marry the divorced wife of Zaid Ibn Haritha ^ Jt4
!< who was the adopted son of the Prophet. Now a Muslim can adopt a child but he/she should not disturb
the rights of his/her real children.
Their teasing := gK Cz&C Their adopted sons := ( ("<( O= &C Relation, need xAC

!K U; Q CD&C EG( 1 h K"(0 = 2C ;C G G EPgK 4 SK&L "= * J(*U; h += &C h C ; ;C = &C E5N( J(E 0&C 0
3n &C G= h 1 G MC = g J(*U; h *(C> 8 ( T h (> 8 ( T h *(E< 8 ( T h < 8 ( T h "= ;C <
= %C ۗ V (G( = K M( KO P= G( h C n (> 2( = $= 0 M &C J(E O 4&C M N( J(E;( $
5 = g M N( n G( = GK
!K U; MC C ۗ a h "= ;C < MC SL20 C;"= 2C ( := K 5K0=&C
= 2C ;C G G := ( ( += &C J(D := ( "= ;C < t= DC G = ;( <
.x"( 4 x4SLC
h (zC ۚ h "= ;C < K C;DC F < P= EG( "= T= P( G ۖ y #* P= G h "= CN( (= *K EPK = G( y #* =PG J(= *K
!K U; MC C ۚ := 2L T(SL;%L J(D G :K ;C 1= 0 !K U; ۚ EPK ; L EPK "= * T( P "= t = 0 UMF
= 0 C EPK K"K<= &C E-C * M C& 5O= &C
UN( EPK K$
= K h ,
<= &C S= C H += &C P= G( EP( T( qC E* M &C C K 1= T P= G( y $ h C 2 ' ( 0 C .x"(; x"(;<
.x"(%4 H J= R 'L ;C < !K U; MC C ۗ h K"(0 = 2C ;C G G
CzN( P= 2( C pK 5N( P 0(( 5 "= C H 1AC CN( := 2L C MC zC = 0K M &C UN( J(E 8
SK"TK SL;>K = * C SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
EJ(E (z= 0K MC C := 2L (zC UMN( ۚ r H 0( ( V $( 5(B $
= GK C K# ( 5=CD := K= 1( AC Cz{(DC SL;>K =OCD := K"(<OK
3_ H , ( ( 4 P= G( EPgK SLBC= CD x<G EPgK SKKBC CzN( ۚ P G( J(" = $
= 0 C !K U; ۖ := 2L = G( J("
= $
= "DC
P= G( !K += &C SK2( = * M &C C !( U; qC SK4 Lz= *K M &C := 2L C MC C G ۚ EP( T(SL;%L := 2L T(SL;-L ( K A &C := 2L (zC ۚ
H J= R '2L T( MC C ! U; UM{(DC pK SL7 = *K = &C ni"= R K= *K M N( .x"(< !( U; = <( MC C := 2L (zC UMN( ۚ xT&C p( ( 1= T
.x"(;<
C EP( *( S> &C ( T=&C C EP( 5( S>= N( ( T=&C C EP( (5 S>= N( C EP( (T=&C C EP( (T J(D EP( "= ;C < K C
. x"(R H J= R 'L ;C < MC C ! U; UMN( ۚ ! U; V -( E* ۗ EPK 5K0=&C = 2C ;C G G C EP( ($5(
.x"(;$
= * SK; !( "= ;C < S;W
SKG P 0(U 0&C 0 ۚ J(E C;< MC S; 0K !K 2C (C;G ! U; UMN(
(1) Slave women. (2) After that incident, it was made unlawful for the Prophet to marry any other woman.
(3) The Muslims are instructed how should they deal with their mothers i.e. the Prophet’s wives.
Do you know?
The slave women were declared half-wives of their master. They had their own rights & obligations. On
the birth of first child, they were given manumission. For details, see my book on slavery at:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/Slavery/L0018-00-Slavery.htm .
They bless MC S; 0K You separate from you h

"= CN( (= *K You keep J(= *K

P 0(U .x"(GK xT C< := K C E< &C 3( >( "=5 J(D !K U; :K K 1 C !K CSK4 ! U; MC Lz= 0K P 0(U UMN(
' %L J(E 0&C 0 .x"(GK xN( x5= TK SL; = ( -C DC SK$ G ( "= T( 8 ( G( = K V (G( = K MC Lz= 0K
ۗ P 0=zC = 0K C;DC P D 1= 0K M &C 5O= &C h
(zC ۚ EP( ("(TC; P= G( 1 EP( "= ;C < V 5(= 0K V (G( = K ( $5( h *(T h( += BC(
( 0( J(D MC SL( = K } a G := ( T(SL;%L J(D P 0(U MC SL-D( K !( = 0 := C P= i(C .x"( 4 x4SLC !K U; MC C
!( U; C EK .2 n;"(- * SL;%L L>( &L SL-( L 0=&C ۖ V 5(SK1; G .n;"(;%C UN( "(D h 5K4( ,0K C E:L := ( T( h E0( = KC
.n;0(= * !( U; ( E$
K ( ,
( * P= C ۖ 'L = %C P= G( =S;C > P 0(U J(D
! U; UMN( .x0(%C ML SL2* C < E$ U'1 C h 0(4= 0K G ۚ !( U; = <( K ; <( E5N( ' %L ۖ ( < E$ P( < ~ K E h LBC$= 0
:= K gK SKK I K U;-C *K S= 0 . x( 5 C "( MC K, ( 0 C ۖ xT&C "(D P 0((> . x1( := K C E< &C P 0(D( C2 P 1 C
5S;t BCDC 5Q L *O 1= AC &C E5N( ET4 SLC% .CSKE 1= AC &C ! U; 1= AC &C "= C 0 MC SLSL-0 4( E J(D
. x(C x1= C := K = 1 _
( C1 P G( P( "= C 1= t
( := (*( ET4 .C;"(E$
.x"( !( U; = <( MC C ۚ SLC% EG( !K U; pK &CEDC 3 SKG =zC P 0(UC SK5SL2* C SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
P= G ۗ := 2L TSK5zL := 2L C = ( = 0 := 2L C<= &C := 2L C `
= ;( = 0K . x0( nS= %C SLSL% ! U; SL-E* SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
.x"(< x+S= DC + CD = -C DC !K CSK4 ! U; 9( k( 0K
;C = G( P - C R= &C ; (
= 0 M &C P "= TBCDC q( , ( } ( 4= BC 8
( E$ C;< 4 C 5GBC t = < E5N(
8
( C( # = K V ( ( # = K 8 ( C-D( K V -( D( K !K U; _
1 "K( .nSK xGSL;C MC C !K E5N( ۖ ML $5={(
.x"( 4 x4SLC !K U; MC C ۗ 8 ( G( = K V
(G( = K C;< !K U; _
SK0
(1) The hypocrites teased the Muslims in many way. One of their way of teasing was to attack on the chastity of the
Muslim women and spread rumors about them. They instigated some scandals and even raped a few women. The
family of the Prophet was their specific target. They are strongly reproached in these verses. (2) Using q 8 @ 3OG of
'"1* _T as well as the 4 G depict the intensity in killing. It means “They will be killed severely in an exemplary
way.” According to Ahadith, such punishment was implemented on various criminals who attacked the Muslim
women physically or those who instigated scandals. (3) The Bible is full of incidents how the Israelites teased
Prophet Moses $ 3S; !";<. The Muslims are instructed avoid such behavior with their Prophet.
(4) This covenant is mentioned at the beginning of this Surah. Allah presented this “trust” (i.e. freedom of choosing
right or wrong path) to the heavens, earth and mountains but they refused to get this freedom. Therefore, they will
not be rewarded / punished. The man took this responsibility with his/her own freewill. Therefore, he/she will be
rewarded with eternal enjoyment or punished at the Hellfire purely on their actual performance.
They live in your
neighborhood
h
5K4( ,0K We’ll definitely arouse
you against
h
E0( = KC Those who instigate a
scandal
MC SL( = GK

Lesson 3A: Types of Parables !"# $%&
Dear Reader!
In last lesson, you have studied the !"#*. In this
Allah is taking care of us by providing us air,
lesson, we shall discuss different types of it. This water and a lot of blessings.. We should
classification is based on the deletion of a
always be thankful for His blessings.
component of !"#*.
You already know that various components of !"#* are deleted because the audience already know it. As a
result of that, five types of !"#* emerge:
• 'L K !K "# : It is the !"#* in which the !"# 3 O& is clearly described. For example: 3H C2#
= ( C p( 4( SK5 'L )CG
(The parable of His light is like a lamp). Here the word is provided which is the !"# 3 O&.
• K UK !K "# : It is the !"#* in which the !"# 3 O& is deleted. The reason for deletion is that the speaker
wants to emphasize that the !#G is exactly like the !T !#G. For example: ( 1 D "( ± : a ,5
5& (You
are a start in light and height). Here the word is deleted which is the !"# 3 O&. The speaker is
emphasizing that “you are not like a star”, but “you are exactly a start.”
• 'L E C K !K "# : It is the !"#* in which the !"# ! is clearly described. For example: ± ( j S gK
( < ,#
K (He is like the lion in bravery). Here the reason “bravery” is clearly described.
• 'L ,K !K "# : It is the !"#* in which the !"# ! is deleted because it very obvious. For example: UMBC
4a 0O d
# (The sun is like a coin). Here the reason for comparing the sun with a coin is not provided. It
is obvious that when a new yellow coin is made, it looks like the shining sun.
• eL "(; !K "# : It is the !"#* in which the !"# ! !"# 3 O& both are deleted to create an extreme
emphasis that both items compared to each other are extremely similar. For example: K*" K 6 (Islam
is our life). Here Islam is compared with life. Since Islam is the guidance and without proper guidance,
life is nothing. The reason and the word for comparison are deleted to create an extreme emphasis that our
life is nothing without Islam.
Objectives of a !"#* are as follows:

• Description of an attribute of !#G e.g. bravery, generosity, cowardice, misery etc.
• Description of the intensity of that attribute of !#G e.g. too much brave or too much coward
• To praise or defame the !#G e.g. praising him / her by describing a positive attribute or defaming him /
her by describing a negative attribute.
Face the Challenge!

What is the difference between !"# ! !"# 3 O&? Give one example of !"#
e"; !"# ' other than those mentioned in the this lesson.

Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and identify the type of !"#* as provided in the example.
Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
Type J(T<

n4C= &C 'L (
= 0 4(
( '( )C C gSL;(
= 0 := C E:L 3C 4S= E SL; K P 0(U 'L )CG
',Lf 'Lf !"#
(62:5 1º )
9 =
= 5=&C H E '( )C C !( U; '( "( J(D := K C SG= &C MC SL-( K0 P 0(U 'L )CG
(2:261 3- ) H E L C(G H ;C K= K 'L J(D 'C T(
'( )C C !K ;L )C DC ( >( | ( S= " !( U;(T PK G( = 0K ~
( E Q C4( !K CG K ( K0 (U
(2:264 3- ) n;W !K C DC 'b T( !K TWBCDC _
a *K !( "= ;C < MH S W

P= L !K C qC C% E:L _
H *K P= G( !K -C ;C > O '( )C C !( U; = <( $"(< 'C )CG UMN(
(3:59 M < q ) .ML SL2"DC

= TW&C ¡W
( "(D `
H 0(4 '( )C C "5= 3( "
p( ( g J(D MC SL-( = K0 G 'L )CG
(3:117 M < q ) . C =
!K K = * = &C r
; 0 !( "= ;C < ' (
= * M N( I
( ; 2C '( )C C !K ;L )C DC pK Sg 9 E*
(7:176
<j ) .r ; 0
n="T 8
= C 7
E* 8
( SK2C 1 '( )C C Q "(= &C !( U; M( KO P= G( L7 E* P 0(U 'L )CG
(29:41 8S21 ) .8 ( SK2C = 1 K "= C 8
( SK"K P g = &C UMN(
J(D a LC2* := 2L "= T a >K C* b 0(+ Sa = C I
a 1( C "5= 3L "
E5C& SK;C <=
pK DC ®
K "(0 E:L !K *K5 4 U2L I , <= &C rH "= C '( )C C O( =jQ (q SG= jQ
(57:20 0. ) .nGCk K ML SL20 E:L nC = GK
Rule of the Day

If a & q , both of them are merged. For
comes before
example S" will be S", similar ^ will be ^.

Type J(T<

qC T SL% Cz n0(%C := ( ;( = %C P= G( P 0(U '( )C C .MC SL;-( 1= 0 a S= %C := K E5BCT( h
(zC
(59:14-15 #. ) .:= g( ( G= &C
:= K E5BCC := g( 4( SKL Q 4 !( U; _
( _
2( SK*L& P 0(U P= G( a 0(DC C 5
(2:101 3- ) .MC SK;C 1= 0
(5:32 pf ) .n1"( ~
E " = &C E5BC2C DC g" = &C P= GQ
.( E$ J(D K E1E 0 E5BCC n n-"t
pK 4 = W
' 1 ,
= 0 !K U;
( 0K M &C O= ( 0K P= G
(6:125 15j )
(7:188
<j ) .= < ¡J( h
E5BCC h
5SLBC$
= 0
:= gK 8
( S= CN( MC SL%$
0K E5BCC P E"* G 1= T
J(D h
5SLO( ,0K
(8:6 q5j ) .MC KL 0
P= G( := K C G b Uz( := K -L g = * ;( ) ( T( H iC" y F 8( Ci"E$ SK$ C P0(U
d5S0) .n(; GK '( "= U; P= G( n1Ck%( := K gK SKK = "# ( &L E5BCC :H W
( < P= G( !( U;
(10:27
(27:10 '») .M§ E5BCC F= * g4 E;C DC < ( &C
(27:42 '») .!K E5BCC
= CC% h
( RK = < C2C g &C 'C "(% 8
= Q E;C DC
!( "= 5zL &L J(D UMBCC 1= $
= 0 := U MCBC x(2 $
= GK U *K0 !( "= ;C < C;= *K CzN(
(31:7 M-) .:H "(&C _ H C1 T( pK = #DC x%
.V
( A( "E# ~
K y4K !K E5BCC 1K ; AC .:( "(,
'( W
= &C J(D
K K 7
= * 3b ,
R E5N(
(37:64-65 8D )
.:a "( ¡J( !K E5BCC 3b < !K "= T h
"= T (U Cz{(DC PK $
= &C J g( J(U(T 9= DC O=
(41:34 p, : )

Type J(T<

(52:24 4SA) .Mb SK2 G a L= L := K E5BCC := K C Mb ; ( := ( "= ;C <
K SLk0
(54:7 - ) .a #
( KG Oa := K E5BCC
( = jQ P= G( MC SKK7
= 0
~
E
KÀ( * . ( $
= GK d
H
= 5 ( S= 0 J(D nW= W
n(4 := ( "= ;C < ; 4= &C E5N(
(54:19-20 - ) .H 1( -C = GK 'H 7 = 5 +K ,<= &C := K E5BCC
( BC(DC .M§ := K ;C = %C d
a 5=N( EPK ) ( k 0 := C
( = Uk 8
K W
( C% EP( "(D
(55:56-58 M¿ ) .ML = 8 K SL%" EPK E5BCC .M( T2C *K 2L T4
.¾
a SKW= G Mb "KT := K E5BCC nsW
!( ;( "( J(D MC SL;*(C-0K P 0(U I
( 0K !U; UMN(
(61:4 ? )
(63:4 V-Df ) .3b E$
GK I
a #
K >K := K E5BCC := ( (S= -C ( 9= $
= * SLSL-0 M N(
n="G !( "(>&C :
= C 'C L B 0 M &C := L K &C I
( 0K&C n=1T := 2L
K 1= T I
= = 0
(49:12 8 ,. ) .pK SKKg= ( 2C DC
(74:50 f ) .3b ( = $
= GK a K K := K E5BCC
77:32- 8G) .a W
K b C( !K E5BCC .( = -C C 4H #
T( J(G= * E5N(
(33
( C( ( 0(* ( 0 v( ± !( (EG L
K :K (1
pK 4K C
K 70K xT :pK K C ?

K ;C 7K0 x,R J(>& MC C
Q <j (T y ,
K * ½ h
(EG+( & PG xGG+ J(;1N
Rule of the Day

Passive voice is usually used when an expressing person does not want to
mention the name of the subject due to some reason.

Lesson 3B: A Selection of Hadith
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study an inspiring
collection of the Hadith of the Prophet ^ ;W A strong positive mental attitude will create more
:; !";<. miracles than any wonder drug.
M=06 _
n1KR MS 9a (T M=06 ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W Â P< !< ^ Jt4 30g Á& P<
“.M=06 PG b 1R y "
:; PG :K ;$f ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< < ^ Jt4 < PT ^ < P<
“.!< ^ 5 G ,
g PG K f p(0 !5$ PG MC S;$f
IK0 : & PG0 ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W Â P< !< ^ Jt4 d5& P<
“.!($ IK0 G !">j
p("T J($5 SD” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& :!< ^ Jt4 30g Á& P<
“.P="1= & ~
( p( p( PG !"N I & MC S& :K & P(GK0
M& :M=06 3C !"D P PG b ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< d5& P<
J(D O S10 M& p 20 M& ^ N !K0 Q f EI
( 0K M& Kg S G !"N I & !S4 ^ MC S20
“.4 ±
-0 M & p20 L2
/T @
( 0 (4 5j I M( =06 L 0” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W Â P< d5& P<
“.4 5j
N & P 0 EO#K0 P a$0 P 0 MN” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< 30g Á& P<
“., PG JR ( 3KT SK"1 #T& SKT4( % KO$D K!;C
“.a !L% a@S$D :;$f _
K (” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( M& ^ < P<
Night , Be moderate and right KO He becomes an extremist EO#K0

. aP"T q. ” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 1 :qS-0 ="#T PT M1 P<
PG .!t< !(0 &C = 8
( #f C-E* PD .~ PG a "= ) K;10 8
H #KG "T P"T
sMN & .( hH ;G s'2 sMN & .!1% S0 M& hRSK0 . qC S <0H :8# ± 9%
zN !s; K $º `
;W = ;W zN :b KG ( $º ± sMN & .!KG4G !(t4& ± ^ (
(M=06 _ 47KT) “.I;- Jg & .!; K $º $D 8 = $D
3L >G N !"T J("T d" .:; !";< ^ ;W J(
=O4(
K :q% Ã' PT z1G P<
:q% :L .n < 4 :L “.h01 ^ qS4 h"” :
K ;% “!' PT z1G 0” :q-D .'
PT z1G 0” :q% Å .< 4 Å “.h01 ^ qS4 h"” : K ;% “!' PT z1G 0”
“.h01 ^ qS4 h"” :;% “!'
^ E sM{D” :q% “.:;<& !S4 ^ ” :;% q% “O1 ;< ^ G 4* 'g” :q%
:
K ;% “!' PT z1G 0” :q% Å .< 4 :L “.i"R !T S#0 pK10 M& O( 1 ;<
q% “hz S;1D zN ^ ;< O1 G 4* 'g” :q% “.h01 ^ qS4 h"”
“.:Ts10 M&” :q% “.:;<& !S4 ^ ” :;%
M=06 : 1A @
z” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qC S4 9 !5& ÃI;kf < PT ~1 P<
“.n S4 H (T x0O 6T T4 ^T Jt4 PG
"0.T ` 3C W :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 T s;W” :q% ÃJ(º > PT 0+ P<
q% zG MK4* 'g” :q-D ~ ( ;< '%&
5 ;D .'"; P(G = 5 ( $ ( N ±
:q% PG GBD .a D J(T Pa GG O< P(G `W&” :q% q% “.:;<& !S4 ^ ” : S% “:2T4
( ST( 5kG :q% PG G& I( SC2T a D J(T PGG hD != 4 ^ '( T 5kG
“.I S2T Pa G( KG J(T a D hD
L;DBD .1R MS 9T M=06 ” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% Ã30g J(T& P<
“.M=06 PG 1KR ". .0k P< zj L AC GN g5O& .^ N !N qL S%
After rain ( $ ( N ± Removing L AC GN Sitting behind
=O4(

M&” oN :; !";< ^ ;W JGj J( ( 1C !5N !C $ &T . ;C DC ” :J;< q%
“.DG N J( K 0 aPGG N J(K0
M&” :q% “^ < :K <& I ( 5 &” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qC S4 K B :q% ^ < P<
M& Å” :q% “& Å” :;% q% “.:a "1 hz sMN” :! ;% q% “.h -C ;C > Sg 5( ^
( 'C 1,*
“.(4 C ;"; J(5 F* M& :L” :q% “& Å” :;% q% “.h1G : 1k0 M& n D7G 'C -*
K # ” :q% 2 ± :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< d5& P< 2T Á& PT ^ "< 5c>&
“.4( KF qL S% .d
( 'L % .P0 S @
K SL-<K .^T
0” :'"% “.8 ( -(TSK 9 $ SK( ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& Ã30g Á& P<
'L & .T N ^ J( d '% .$ .^T # ” :q% “Pg G !^ qS4
“.8GK 8 ( D 8 (
K % .?
( F S0 JsS .T( 'L & .:"" qG
!(;% ± M PG C º '>0 ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< OS1$G PT ^ < P<
sMN” :q% .$ !L;15 x$ !TS MC S20 M& IK0 'C sMN” :'4 q% “.H = ( P(G 3H 4z qL -)G
“.~
L = . K kC T K = 2( .qC º IK0 'b " ^
.G d";D
$ ";< 'C PG” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 sM& Ã30g Á& P<
“.G( d
";D E#C PG
ER & .O 7 _
t
PG G d"” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% ^ < P<
."";gº S<T <O& ._
S"º
!T
= G JGj + ,* ^ MN” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% Ã30g Á& P<
“.!T S;10 & Ss;20 :C G $5&
Cheeks O 7 The day of war ?

( F S0 Wife with whom sex
is allowed
C ;";
Tearing collars (while
groaning)
_
S"º ER False accusation
K % Turning away JsS

± K ,5 5N” :pSB$D :; !";< ^ ;W J( _W& PG ~ a 5 :q% Ã30g Á& P<
`
K 0W z” :q% “.:15” : S% “pSK*K %” :q% “.!T : ;20 M& 5K & :K C 10 G 1($5&
“.M=06
-D !(""T :H ;$G ³
H G 9 kC % PG” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& GG& Á& P<
:q% ^ qS4 0 ="$0 ni"R M MN” :'4 ! q-D “.º !";< 4 ! ^ I &
“. 4& P(G x"% MN”
5& 5& Kg & K 0&4 % .P=")C0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 :q% Ã0 P<
M- P(G SK;( 1D .M- qF5 :L “.q( _ ( S;% 4( ± = F5 C 5Gj sM&” : .>|
.!;% PG L 5Gj / K -KD C GS 'L K 0” :q% 5Gj 9( D4 P< Å .$ PG SK;( <
H = , .'( , ')G g& '"D .!;% PG 5Gj /-D C GS 0 :L . ( S ')G gK& s'"D
“.¥ JR !"D d" x(G p D
C ( D .h(;4 ;< !K = O
C 5Gj OK0 a & OK 20 .MS100 ~
K `
K "D .!(;4 ;< ! D x >& :L
± G “!!;-<& G !!D& G !p;C & G” :'; q-K0 “.x"G&
n 4 MD J(T ± MN” :q-K0
“.M=0N P(G qH O> P(G q-)G !(;%
x"5 5 M Pi .!K0(O J;< !E5EOK " x;$G M P(i .
K 10T :20& J(TL& G Mb G+ J;< J*& -
_ :;$G) .5D 5D sN :2G 9K 0(Tj K D S" G& .!"(< ;< !5O" x0OS0 &
(M=06
(1) It means that the Satan insinuates the heart of a believer only with fake questions. A believer should not be
worried about such insinuations.
How elegant he is!!! !!D& G Firebrand H = It intensifies :K C 10

By force !"(< ;< It rolled
= O Speckle
( S
How strong he is!!! !p;C & G Blister, dot '( ,

:;1 _
“. *K #T $1K* $0” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< Hd5& P<
!P= < T& 0” :'b 4 ! q-D d"> ' ± ~ K0 ^ < M :q% ' Á& P<
J5N :L2;GL& M& pK & J5& hz PG J(10 !5N G&” :q% “HS0 ' *Uz h5& 8 K O(OS
“.";< ( G $ C D7G (T CS70 :; !";< ^ ;W J( M (<ST :2ES7*&
P0 J(D !K -C 0K x"= > !T ^ O(0K PG” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W J( 1 :01G P<
:CC> PG :g0 ^ ( G& ;< % L Gj pg qC F* P .Jk1K0 ^ :a % 5& 5N
“.^ K G& J *(B0
p* 'b 4 :P=" ± N $
” ::; !";< ^ ;W Â q% :q% OS1$G PT ^ < P<
“.s;10 (T J-0 SD C 2. ^ p* 'b 4 . ± !(2C ;C g ;< ;$
K D n G ^
:;1 v PG !T ^ J()1T G ')G” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< SG Á& P<
.=")2 I
#K1 Ç2
= 5BD
= ;C (% bE"-( 5 (G M2D xt4& _W& =")2 r( " '( )

= TW& . S<4+ SL- SKT( #D ~ (T ^ y 9 C D
= 2$G& K_O( & G 5
.Ç K* G h$K* Mb 1"C% Jg 5N >& b A G
x&4 hT 9= D0 :C PG ')G .:s;< : ;( 1 D !T ^ J()1T G !15 ^ P( 0O ± ! -L DC PG 'b )G hD
.!T
= ;4& ^ ( g ' -0 :C
:;1 9D0 M& :<$ ¦
( R& PG MN” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% d5& P<
“.5F 0 l _#0 'º )0
Herbs & grass I

#K1 Ç2 Boredom ( G $ That I bore you :L2;GL& M&
Convex, bulging Mb 1"C% It was appointed ;K I preach you on fixed
days
:2ES7*&

T qSLk0 (G 3 K 4( O& O& !^ qS4 0” :'4 q% q% 4 5j OS1$G Á& P<
0&” :q-D .iGS0 P(G x R& H <SG ± :; !";< ^ ;W J ( K 0&4 D “.Mb D
“.. z ?"1 / 0f :"D M{D =?7K"; D ~
( T s;W PD MGK :25N !~
P(G 'b 4 :M & :v ” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% !"T& P< 3OT ST& È
^ O& zN S;f K 1 :; !";< ^ ;W (T PG !( "(T PG _2 'g&
:L "(;1* P$ BD s;< (0O( B* P $
BD ETOBD gKk0 b G & p< 5 'b 4 !" SG
1“.M & !;D EFD C-<&
' 1D q h";< (;” ::; !";< ^ ;W J(; $ % :4l "1 Á& P<
P2G G” :Pv q% "D M2D PgG& P<SD !"D P"-( C GS0 EPgK < S D “.h($5 P(G xGS0
:q-D “V ” :3&GN -D “.4 P(G xT,( v M N g PG n -* 3b &G
2“.V ”
!CB$D :; !";< ^ ;W J( qB$0 M& O - 8

K GBD 3 G 4
K :q% J;< P<
(:;1 _ 47KT) “.StS !"D” :q-D
“.:( l j ^ oN q( /T& MN” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% % #< P<
^ sMN” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 1 :¾1 PT < PT ^ < P<
x(< = 0 ´ zN .;K1 /
( -T : ;1 /-0 P2 .~ P(G !K<F( 0 x< F5 : ;1 /K -0
“. S;t& S;CD .:H ;< ( "= T SKDBD SL;iC$D n x£4 ~
K 7*
(1) In order to abolish slavery, the Prophet instructed to marry the slave women after manumitting them. (2) Taking
care of children and teaching them is a great deed. Mothers will be rewarded for that. (3) A person who has a lot of
juices in his sexual organs other than semen. A’li !< ^ Jt4 avoided asking about it himself because he was the son-
in-law of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. Taking a bath is not mandatory if such juices come out of one’s organs. He has
to perform ablution only.

!K = G( _
2( h
"= ;C < qC F 5=&C (U S gK ” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 * :% .#< P<
! T#* G MC SK1(E"DC eb 0=+ := ( T(SL;%L J(D P 0(U EGBCDC ۖ 8
a T(#GK K > &L _ ( 2( &L EPgK 8 a C2 = GK 8 a 0
'§ L !( T( EG MC SLSL-0 :( ; 1( J(D MC SK7( E ۗ !K U; UN( !K ;C 0(B * :K ;C 1= 0 G ۗ !( ;( 0(B * Q (T= ( = ( Q (T= !K = G(
^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :% .[7 :M < q] “._ ( BC SLL& UN( K UU0 G ۗ T4 ( = <( P= G(
“.:gK4 D ^ E P0 hiBD !G ! T#* G MSK1(E0 P0 :K0&4 zN” ::; !";<
8
SW& 9 ( $D q% .xGS0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 oN 8 K ,g :q% < PT ^ < sM&
.I !( ±
K 1K0 .:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qL S4 ";< 7D .H 0 ± C;C > P( "= ;C 4
“._
( 2 ± :(D>T :2C;% M PG h
;C g 5N” :q-D
:";< .:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 oN _ <j PG ~ a 5 Q :q% .^ < PT 0 P<
.!< KkC TBD .% ;< ~ sr D .b :TW& % :( Q S &D .
K S
SK1T* :L .> Å .@
H 4 PG 3H K T( 4( 5j PG
n 4 MN :L :q% .! ± hz J (4K
::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q-D .! ± 4$
( <K
PG ¬
K -0 .(T 'H < PG H & 'L )G ! I
(L p1T (T 'C ( 1D n$ n K 6 ± EP PG”
'< PG 4H + ')G !";< I p1T (T '1D i" 6 ± P PG .¥ JR :g(4S&
(:;1 _ :;$G) “.JR :g(4 +& PG ¬-0 (T
Rule of the Day

The second source letter (; ) may carry either a fathah, or a kasrah or a dhamma. It all depends
on how the native people speak. ` DC will always be with a fathah, 9 ( will always be with a kasrah
and _ K % will always be with a dhamma. Same is the case with other words. It is mentioned in the
dictionary that the ; will carry which vowel.
Silver (coins) @
H 4 It was seen J (4K Wool
K S
Bundle, packet 3H W
K They delayed KkC T&

P _
>"D EJ;< O0 PG K ( 5& J(tS ;< 5&” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W Â P< =& P<
“.-C C- ;< S#G (4* :qS-"D JG& :qS%BD J(5O PG ~
H T
PG !5{D == ";D ni"R p="G& P(G p(L PG” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< ~< PT P<
“.( ";g C "G 8G x= R Mk;$ P(G >
qL T D '*- D” :'"% “.4 'g& P(G Kg2D ("C"$T M;$f ! S* zN”P$. P<
“.!( W 'C % O 4& !5N” :q% “qS-f
("= l P< :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 MSB$0 ~ K M :qS-0 M" PT 0 P<
R H ";g J(D 5N !^ qS4 0” :;-D .J(40 M& D7G # P< !LB& K
“.:15” :q% “R P(G ( "= l g 1T 'D ="l (T ^ 5,D
“.P>KO !"D :15” :q% “> PG # hz 1T 'g” :;%
“.2K* :G
K ( 1* J(0g ( "= T M0 a S%” :q% “!>O G” :;%

"N :T& PG : _
( ST& ;< 3b <KO !:15” :q% “R PG ="l hz 1T 'D” :;%
“."D pSLD%
“.($BT MSs;20 (*;( PG :Kg” :q% “. :W !^ qS4 0” :;%
“.:GGN V;$f < F;*” :q% “hz J(4O& MN J(5GB* D :;%
'( WBT E/1 * M& S s; @
( ( h;* q F<D” :q% “GN < :v P20 ´ M{D :;%
“.hz ;< 5& 8S h 40 H3,R
You bite, you chew E/1 * M& Remain separate q F< Moving backward -C C-

g J(T ” : J( q-D KP$. ILk70 :; !";< ^ ;W J( "T :q% 32T T& P<
(Ì _ 4Î) “.V;$f P(G P( "= iD VT !T `
; 0 M& ^ s'1 a"
C%4#G 0&D .}4j Ë + ^ sMN” :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% MTS P<
J5N ./"Tj = j P( 0F= 2
K "k<& .G Ë + G L2;KG eL ;" JG& MN .T4G
.:$5& S PG x< :";< U;$0 M& .H G< H $ T C2;0 M& JGj JT4 B
.:
"T `
K "($"D
:C2;g& M& h(Gj hK"k<& J5N .O 0K !5{D %
K "% zN J5N !Í 0” :q% JT4 MN
:";< 9 S .:"T `"$0 .:$5& S PG x< :";< s;L& M& .H G< H $T
."1T :1T J($K0 1T h(;K0 :K1T MS20 g4k%& VT PG q% & g(4k%BT P(G
( -T ' 0 L <$ S-* ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& Ã30g Á& P<
“.!K52G J(" 0 :qS-"D '
~
( ;< EP"*(B" !p"T J$5 ” ::; !";< ^ ;W J( q% :q% 30g Á& P<
“.'(%L H JR & ;< qL S-f 40 .'C % JR & ± 'L *- 40 Mb G+
MB xGS% S;(*C-*K <$ S-* ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( M& Ã30g Á& P<
“.1# :L15 xGS% S;*-* <$ S-* .L %k ML , :gS
(Ì _ :;$G)
Worth Reading
What is ostentation and how it ruins the good deeds of a religious person?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0002-Ostentation.htm
Shield ML , Their life, their blood :

"T It was shown to me Ë +
Hammered L %k He imprisons J($K0 He makes lawful `
K "($0

@% _
"5 P(G a "= > ( º ± ¦
H S 9K tSG” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W J( 1 :q% ' P<
“."D G "5 PG K "= > H 4 & ^ '( " ± 3 "D G
:q-D J2(T :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 C > & :q% < ^ Jt4 < PT ^ < P<
= * D
"$G& zN” :qS-0 < PT M “.'" K T(< & Ia 0 h5B "5 ± PL”
“.h(*S( h(*" PG h(t( h(W PG K> $f = * D
W& zN
!*W L& '( g& ;< s; D nGS0 > :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& :G< PT -< P<
oN K L 5j ^ J5N :2";< "R 5& :2LA DC J5N” :q-D (f oN
5 Å "f ;<
>& G ^ J5N }4j `"*G & }4j P F> ` "*G

K "(k<L& % J5N M| J(tS
“."D SK$DC * M& :2";<
>& J2 1T SL( #K* M& :2";<
qH " TK ( 1A PG 0f %C G :; !";< ^ ;W Í qL 9 R G :% #< P<
./(%L n<*
^ ;W JK ( s> :q% !< ^ Jt4 ^ < P<
n4> ( S ± nk> U> n1TG nk> :; !";<
P(G
( S ± g oN n4W nkCk>K s> !G
} <&
M$5 'G& g M$56 g” :q% (S ± !5
8SG SKg g Ï !T ¦ & % :& Ï !T b "KG !L;&
pBCk>& M{D K} <j 4 L kl pg !L;G &
a 4>
“. g !#5 g pBk>& MN g !# 5 g
Transient things of world }

K <j His hopes !L;G & Whip, lash ¦
H S
It bites / afflicts him !# 5 Small lines 4
L kl Sensitive for you :2LA DC

P0 Å J(5% ~ ( K "= > :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< !< ^ Jt4 ^ < P<
:K5=0&C :5=0&C 1:K*OR K ($* :a S% :g(1T PG J,0 :L :5S;0 P0 Å :5S;0
.:*OR
40 K < d
1( *” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% q% !< ^ Jt4 30g Á& P<
“.}0 :C 1K0 :C MN Jt4 J k( <L& MN "l ( "k- :g4
!B Å J(5k<BD !KB Å J(5k<BD :; !";< ^ ;W J( K B :q% F PT :"2 P<
3b > qC g sMN !:"2 0” :Ë q% :M" q% T4 “.qf g” :q% Å J(5k<BD
M !"D ! = 40 :C d( 5
( R{T pC>& PG !"D ! 4SKT d H 5 I( "kT p>& PD b3S;

“.;$ " PG ="> ";1 " K9#0 'L L B0
^ ;W J( oN I & M '1 &” :< ^ Jt4 C #< K B :q% n%$G 1
9 zN S-0 M” :% S-0 M P=" BD” :;% :q% “.: ” :% “:; !";<
“.4
;> ^ MN” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 1 :q% !< ^ Jt4 30g Á& P<
= 4 :s; !(-;> ± 'C 4& = 4 V 1$* n1$* p(< h $ GBD = 4 C G C-;> S0 C =
'2T PK Gf :K ;10 S º P(G ~
= B"0 :C = PG ^ < s'2T K D2 :;10 S;D 3
“.4 P(G P= GB0 :C _
( 1 PG ^ <
!B$0 :;D :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 SB 4 5j PG n5 M& :4l "1 T& P<
MS20 G” :!0"T 5& H JR ' 5 V :v q-D p< G C 5 pk<& N :G a &
P( $0 PG ^ p 0 E 0 PG ^ !U10 E?1$0 PG !5N :2EO& H "= > PG <
“.= P(G 9K & x"= > k< Sk1* P ^ !0
He asks for forgiveness E?1$0 Cock whose sound is loud at

early morning
4 They ruined d
1( *

pG%
( * & * Js; 0 :; !";< ^ ;W J( M :qS-0 1R PT 3=" P<
“. n4S2R n< ML S& D&” :qS-"D .! q-"D
G 1 !( ""C VT G Ë P0 PG” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 P< 1 PT ' P<
“.º ! PtL& 2 !";(4 VT
L D" ” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W J( J(;% p< 5Lz&L 9 :q% J< Fl `0R Á& P<
>| S" ^T PG0 M PG ;" a S0” :q% “!*F G” :'"% “.!*F H0&
“.2$" & x"= > ' -";D >| S" ^T PG0 M PG !C"t = 2";D
'H 4 ') ^ J()1T G ')G J;)G” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% SG Á& P<
b A !K < ABD , y ,D 3M0K1 K 0 5& J5N J("1T u
"º
K 0&4” :q-D xGS% *&
“.: D u
K "º :E D b A !=Ts S,D :;G ;< SK,COBD
, (8 S#T 4
( ,
( K ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& :30g Á& P<
“.p( 4( 2(T º
P(G : & oN _
K %& L º ” ::; !";< ^ ;W J( q% :q% !< ^ Jt4 ^ < P<
“.hz ')G 4 !(;15 ( (R
± !";< 'D PG oN :K & 5 zN” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 P< 30g Á& P<
“.!G 'L & Sg PG oN = ";D ;l q( f
(1) Tongue. (2) Sexual Organs. This is a way to express in figurative way.
Do you know?
It was a common practice in Arabia that when a person saw a danger, he used to tear his clothes and
become naked to demonstrate his seriousness. Then he used to climb on a hill and warn his tribe about the
potential danger. He was called M0< 05 or “a naked herald”. The Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W also adopted the
same method to warn his nation about the danger of the Hell except that he did not tear his cloths.
It invaded him : They escaped at night SK,COBD It swelled

( *
Your laces (of shoes) ( (R Slowly :;G Escape!!! y ,

.' F< !T4 P< 0 "D :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< < ^ Jt4 ~< PT P<
^ ;10 :;D H $(T E:g PD .hz PE"T :L 8
( i"$ 8$. I C ^ MN” :q% :q%
(1 oN 8
H $ #< p< ! ^ C;< (T E:g Sg M{D .n ;G n $ p< !
Sg M{D ;G n $ p< ! ^ ;10 :;D i"$T E:g PG .3=")
H 1t& oN ?
H 1t
“.3 n i" ! ^ ;1D (T E:g
5Gj
= 1"t zN” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% !< ^ Jt4 30g Á& P<
5D !(;g& ( "= oN Gj L& zN” :q% “^ qS4 0 <tN ?"” :q% “.<$ 5D
“.<$
^ J 0 J 0K PG !T ^ 9E 9E PG” :; !";< ^ ;W J( q% :qS-0 _ P<
.(!T
.$K* 5 .“1 ” $K* :; !";< ^ ;W ^ q( S L %5 5 :q% d5& P<
q-D “.1 C-(K ” : S% V;$f ;< hz RD .C-$
D ! OH S1% ;< JT( <& ,D
“.!1t N "5 P(G ni"R 9D0 M& ^ ;< n- MN” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4
pQ- ^ I & ^ Q - I & PG” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< G PT 3O< P<
:q% “.8 S pK 2K 5N” :! +& /1T & #< % “.p- ^ p ^ Q - p ( PG
!"N I & ¥ JR d";D !(G ^ M( StT #TK 8Sf pK zN PGK EP2 z d"”
.!(TS-< ^ _ ( 1T #TK zN D2 MN p- ^ I & ^ - I BD .!GG& (G
“.p- ^ p ^ - p2D !GG& (G !"N p& ¥ JR d";D
G oN SD& % :5{D 8 SGj S$* ” ::; !";< ^ ;W J( q% :% #< P<
“. SGE%
He did something to show

others
J 0 He made it hear 9E He decided E:g

!";< EG :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& :K0 M !5& 4 5j J1T4 PT 3O% Á& P<
“!G $f `0$f G !^ qS4 0” : S% “.!G $KG ` a 0$G” :q-D H3+,(T
!G `0$0 K 1 ^ = 4 oN g z& "5 I
( K 5K P(G `
K 0$0 PK Gf 1 ” :q%
“._ K ,# O OK 1
” ::;$f q-D OS" PG '4 V;$f PG 'b 4 M4 I :q% 30g T& M&
:q% “.VC1 ;< SG kW ” :OS" q-D “.P="C1 ;< xKG kW
!";< ^ ;W ^ q( S4 oN OS" IgD OS" ! : kC ;C D hz < :K ;$f I
( D
” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qL S4 q-D .:;$f ( G& p(G& PG M (T p>BD :;
SGK z{D "K0 PG q& ± MSBD G"- S0 MSL-1 0 ~ sM{D .SG ;< J(5"7 *K
“.^ ) P(G M & J;% @DBD 1( W
P"(D SG M& 4O& D .w1 I5,(T u
a AT
“.GT ~
( VT -K0 G q&” ::; !";< ^ ;W J( q% :!< ^ Jt4 ^ < P<
!;s;";D !">j b ;G p< 5 PG” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& :30g Á& P<
8
a $ ! P20 ´ M{D !(*$ PG !">j >K0 M& '% PG :g4O 40O E:C d" !5{D G
“.!";<
= kD !">& 8
H i" PG >&
“.h;g N G"- S0 IK0 & d"” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& :#< P<
nT$ IK0
S$D !(""T !T J *(& PG GBD” :o1* ^ q% % d"& ^ qS4 0 :K ;-D
_$. uK %C 0K & d" }1 hz 5N” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q-D “. n="$0
“._<K N G"- S0
Presenting oneself }1 So he should release

himself
!;s;";D He lost consciousness 1( W

He is argued/investigated u
K %C 0K It will be placed upon
= A He wake up @D&

M( Sgj o1* ^ qS-0 :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< :!< ^ Jt4 hG PT d5& P<
:qS-"D “!T (* & JR PG }4j ± G h M& S” :G"- S0 nT < 4 'g&

"TBD ni"R J(T = #* M& :O I;KW ± 5& g PG ML S g& hG 8
K O4&” :qS-"D “.:15”
“.J(T #K* M& N
'gj qS-0 o1* 4* ^ MN ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% 4l "1 Á& P<
G” :MSS-"D “:"t4 'g” :qS-"D “.h01 T4 h"” :MSS-"D “º 'g& 0” :º
“.hz PG 'C D& :2"k<& 5&” :qS-"D “.h-;> PG n & 1K* ´ G "k<& % t5
:2";< L 7& D J(5 St4 :2";< s' & :qS-"D “hz PG 'D& JR & _4 0” : S%
“. nT& p1T
º ±
K MC y K" ( º 'g& MN” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< ' P<
“.$ ± IS2 M *
º 'g& 'C > O zN” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( M& :!< ^ Jt4 4l "1 Á& P<
“.pSK( >BD M=0N P(G qH O> P(G qC -)G !(;% ± M PG” :^ qS-0 4 4( 'g& º
'( " ± . K K* MSKK"D 3". 5 J(D MS-;"D x K O< SK#
( KG % MS7K"D
Q W
K K 7* 5& * :C&” ::; !";< ^ ;W Â q% .'( "$ "( :q% & “.'"$
“.n 0S;G
z :L G zC S1D !(ST RBD 4 z :; !";< ^ ;W J( M& :Ð PT < P<
“."A b ;2D = ,0 ´ PD 3* #T S 4 SL-* ” :q% Å .G zS1D !(ST RBD 4
S 4 P(G p1-G 4& N C º & '>0 ::; !";< ^ ;W J( q% :30g Á& P<
.3b $ !";< MC S2" P$ & S º PG p1-G 4& N & 4 '>0 . x2KR O OF" Q &
He turned away R& Pasture after flood '"$ '( " They are burned like
hot iron
SK#
( KG
Wrapped Yellow n 0S;G Q W Hot like lava x K

G"- S0 ~
^ 9,0 ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% !< ^ Jt4 d5& P<
5&” :MSS-"D O MS*B"D “.52G P(G K0=K0 T4 ;< =1# S” :MSS-"D
“.T4 < 9= ( RD h ,$D C 2f G& !( 4 PG h"D C 5 p("T ^ hC-;>
.!5S*B"D ^ !C)1 T qb S4 q& x SK5 S ” :qS-0 !i"k> K L K0 “.:g
K $” :qS-"D
“.
n ";> ^ p7* : "g TN SK ” .!i"k> 0 “.:g $” :qS-"D
“.^ !s; SG S ” .!i"k> 0 “.:g $” :qS-"D !5S*B"D
“.$"< S ” .!i"k> "D “.:g $” :qS-"D !5S*B"D
!(5z PG -* G ! C C -D .:; !";< ^ ;W nÍ S .:g $” :qS-"D !5S*B"D
.>B* G
9D4 ” :Ë q-0 :L ^ R G J(<"D n K 1% !K0&4 z{D JT4 ;< ML z( BBD J(5S*B"D
:L J(s;1K0 H "T JT4 K = BD J&4 9K D4BD “.9U# *K 9= R 9$K0 'L% !k1K* ' .h&4
()) ± !C;)G x 9K %C BD OK SK<& :L º :L;>OL& 4 PG :K( >L& :L Ë K"D 9K R&
I
&” : g < qS-0 3O% M “.M- !K $ PG N 4 ± -0 G 1T &
“.OS;l !";<
n> 4 '( g& K > :;<j J5N” ::; !";< ^ ;W Â q% :!< ^ Jt4 ^ < P<
“.º '>OD Igz ” :^ qS-"D xS 4 PG K 7K0 'b 4 .n S>O º 'g& > G
'>OD Igz ” :qS-"D “.ÇG K* !_4 0” :qS-"D 9K ( "D ÇG 5& !"N '"7K"D "(*B"D
Igz ” :qS-"D “.ÇG K* !JT4 0” :qS-"D 9"D ÇG Ñ& !"N '"7"D "*B"D “.º
:qS-"D “."5 q)G& 3#< ')G h MN” :& “.()G& 3L #< "5 'L )G h sM{D º '>OD
:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qC S4 K 0&4 -;D “.h ;( 5& JG hK
*” :& “.JG K 7
$*&”
“.F=G ( º 'g& 5O& hz” :q-0 M pC S5 8 = T h
(t
Molar teeth C S5 Crawling xS We seek intercession =1#

PG /
K "T& p£G HR 3L ="$G JtS ” ::; !";< ^ ;W J( q% :< PT ^ < P<
“. xT& BL 0 D G _
( R PG $ ( S, !K5 F" h$f P(G I
K "A& !K0=4 (P;
!K*W H L& '( g& ;< s; D xGS0 > :; !";< ^ ;W J( M& :!< ^ Jt4 -< P<
5j ^ J5N :2";< "R 5& :2 ¦ b DC J5N” :q-D f ;<
5 Å " ;<
>& G ^ J5N }4j `"*G & }4j P F> ` "*G K "(k<L& J5N .M| J(tS oN
(@% _ 47KT) “."D SK$DC * M& :2";<
>& P2 1T SL( #K* M& :2";<
!(G PG ! 5N .ËG .ËG :1 qS-0 :q% :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 M& Ã30g Á& P<
!K L 4* aIg z SD hz S G .%D k<& & C;TBD d ( & DBD 'C C & G :
“.~;
S;>* ” :1,. _Wj :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :qS-0 < PT ^ < P<
M & :";< S;>* D V
T S5S2* :C M{D .P="( T SK5S2* M& N .P="T(s1K S- g ;<
“.:TW& G ')G :2" 0
( g, V2$f ;G4j ;< J<$ ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W Â P< 30g Á& P<
“.k0 : Ã0 :-” :q% !$
& “.^ '" ±
& 5&” :o1* 4* ^ q% ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% 30g Á& P<
“.!L(R !K* ("= J 1( G !"D R& < 'C ( < PG .# P< ( #
.G"- S0 'T *K0” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 1 :0+ PT G& P<
.4 'L g& !"N 9,"D . (T 4K . 40 (T 4K K"D .!(kT _
%& K ( D .4 ± -;K"D

K % .;T” :qS-"D “2f P< *
1fT K GK B* P= 2* :C& hG !MD 0” :MSS-"D
“.!"* 2f P< =5& !"(*
1fT a G(
Mill (around whose a

donkey/bull revolves)
He will pull his
intestine
_
%& K ( * Mugs ML F"

¾
K T& .'" N J(T ± sMN :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W J( 9 !5& Ã! 30g T& M&
I & H JR &” :q-D ¾Tj *BD .n2;G :"N r1D .:"(;0 M& ^ O 4BD .<& %&
!$
D q% “.~ J(54% % J| q% “.'T6 ” :Kg & q% %j & ¾ Tj sM& N @N hR .- q% &)
“."D h ^ 4T” :q-D “.Q #< n %5 k<BD” :q% “.- ”
g J< Ig0 Pa $ a 1(R” :q% “h"N I & JR &” :q-D %j *BD q%
“h"N I & qC f BD” :q% .$ 1(R Jk<& .!< IgD !$D q% “.~ J(54%
“."D h ^ 4T” :q-D .G 3-T Jk<BD “.- ” :q%
“.~ !T K ( TBD T sËN ^ EO0 M&” :q% “h"N I & JR &” :q-D <j *BD q%
3R Jk<BD “.: ” :q% “h"N I & qf BD” :q% .p T !"N ^ OD !$D :q%
. g M g ®
5BD .
¾
Tj *& !5N :L q% .: PG O v .- PG O v .'( T6 PG OH ( M2D :q%
N S" Ë ²T D . ± q. J(T = 1k-5 % .V2$G 'b 4” :q-D !(i"g !(*4SW ±
± !";< es;*K& . x"= 1T q P$. ;º P$. MC S; Ck<& T hB& .hT :L ^T
x"= -D ~ 4-0 ¾T& P2* :C& .hD<& J5B” :! q-D “.3b =") @S-. ” :q-D “
^ E" D Tz L MN” :q-D “.H T P< xT( qf g
K 4 5N” :q-D “^ k<BD
“.
G oN
MN” :q-D . g ;< O4 G ')G !";< O4 . v q% G ')G ! q-D !*4SW ±
%j *& :q%
“. G oN ^ " D Tz
Ancestors H T Bald %& Leprous, having Hansen’s

decease
¾
K T&

± q. Á = 1k-5 .'" PT V2$G '4” :q-D !i"g !(*4SW ± <j *& q%
± (T e;*& 3b R T h";< O4 T hB& .hT :L ^T N S" Ë ²T D .
!^ SD .iR G = O .
i(R G 7K D . T sËN ^ OD <& K %” :q-D “
;<
C7 ( K h< J t( 4K -D .:K"C;T 5{D .hCG h
= $G&” :q-D “.^ !*>& ni"R S" K &
“.h" W
“.V*G H H P(G PGf ²
L ;K0 ” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< 30g Á& P<
0” :'4 q-D .'b 4 p< Lz !5& Ã:; !";< ^ ;W Â P< !"T& P< 32T Á& P<
q-D “. ± !G 'D& :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 1T H'4 P(G G !^ qS4
qS4 q% Å .hz qS-0 x4 G “.h W K<K 1k% !h=0” ::; !";< ^ ;W Â
M MN 5D I
K $
& :' -";D G p>& x OG : & M MN” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^
“. x & ^ ;< C+& .h !5& 0
.="> !s; pG & sMN .P(Gf Gj x,<” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% :q% I"W P<
. W ¥ t !TW& MN .! ="> M2D . 2C R ¥ !=TW& MN .PG; N H j z d"
“.! ="> M2D
N 3b D1G J(G& '” :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 1 :qS-0 30g J(T& P<
0” :qS-"D .!T4 p % `
K 0 :L < '";T K 1 Q '10 M& 4( 6 PG sMN .P0g,
?#20 ` 0 !T4 p$0 K "("D .!T4 p$0 8T % . C 4
K ;< % !MD
(@% _ :;$G) “.!< ^
Worth Reading
How creativity can be improved? Think outside the box. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0013-Pineye.htm
Yesterday C 4 Those who commit

sins openly
P0g, Forgiven 3b D1G

Lesson 4A: Allegory '"() !"#*
Dear Reader!
In last lesson, you have studied the different types of
!"#*. In this lesson, we shall discuss a special type Our troubles are a test of patience for us.
Be patient! Allah shall reward for our
of !"#* which is called an allegory or a '")*. patience.
In all languages, one situation is compared to another situation. Each situation has certain components. Each
component of a situation has a similarity to a component of the other situation. When overall situation is
compared to the other situation, both are easily comparable to each. Read at the following example:
(62:5 1º ) . n4C= &C 'L (

= 0 4(
( '( )C C gSL;(
= 0 := C E:L 3C 4S= E SL; K P 0(U 'L )CG
Parable of those who were given the responsibility of Torah, then they did not fulfill the obligation, is like
the example of that donkey that carries books.
In this parable, the !#G is the group of Israelites. They were made responsible by the Almighty Allah to
fulfill the responsibilities mentioned in Torah. Instead of carrying out their responsibilities, they ignored
them but claimed themselves to be God’s favorite people as the “People of Book”. The !T !#G in this verse
is a donkey that is carrying the load of books. It is not concerned with the knowledge and wisdom available
in these books, but it is considering itself doing a great job by simply carrying these books.
The comparison is based on the similarity. One situation is that of a person claiming a higher position by
holding a book but he even does not know the wisdom inside the book. Other situation is that of a donkey
carrying books and considering itself doing a great job. Both situations are similar. Unfortunately, this
parable is equally applicable to present-day Muslims who have kept the Book of God as a good omen. They
have nothing to do with understanding and practicing this Book.
In this case, a situation is compared with another situation. Such comparison is a !"#*, but it is a special
form of it. It is called a '")* whose plural is '"*. The difference between an ordinary !"#* and a '")* is
that in an ordinary !"#*, a thing or person is compared to other whereas in '")*, a situation is compared
with another as a whole. Most of Quranic parables are '"*.
Rule of the Day

Some verbs require an object. For example n C(4 a 0+ I
C (Zaid wrote a letter).
This sentence is not complete without the object n C(4. Such verbs are called '1D
1 GK . On the other hand, there are certain verbs which do not require an object.
For example a 0+ Q (Zaid came). This sentence is complete without an object.
Such verbs are called (+ '1D.

Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and discuss the reason for comparison between two
situations as in the example. Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
Analysis J(T<

H E '( )C C !( U; '( "( J(D := K C SG= &C MC SL-( K0 P 0(U 'L )CG
Spending in Allah’s way is compared with a
seed producing a plant having 100 ears and
each ear has 100 grains. So a single grain has
produced 10,000 grains. Similarly spending in
3- ) H E L C(G H ;C K= K 'L J(D 'C T( 9 = = 5=&C
Allah’s way will produce exponential results (2:261
in the Hereafter.
( S= " !( U;(T PK G( = 0K ~ ( E Q C4( !K CG K ( K0 (U

'b T( !K TWBCDC _ a *K !( "= ;C < MH S W
'( )C C !K ;L C) DC ( >( |
(2:264 3- ) n;W !K C DC
`
H 0(4 '( )C C "5= 3( "
p( ( g J(D MC SL-( = K0 G 'L )CG
(3:117 M < q ) . C = = TW&C ¡W ( "(D
a >K C* b 0(+ Sa = C I
a 1( C "5= 3L "
E5C& SK;C <=
r
H "= C '( )C C O( =jQ q( SG= jQ J(D a LC2* := 2L "= T
ML SL20 E:L nC = GK pK DC ® K "(0 E:L !K *K5 4 U2L I
, <= &C
(57:20 0. ) .nGCk K
P= G( pK F 5C& H C "5= 3( "
'C )CG := K C _= ( t =
n"(#g ` W= BCDC } ( 4= jQ 8K 5 !( T( C ;C >= CD ( E$
. n4( - GK H J= R 'L C;< !K U; MC C K 0 pK K4 *
8
K "%( "5= 3( " L 0(+ MC SK qL
. n G &C a "= > nT SC h
T4 = <( a "= > 8 K (E
(18:45-46 ?2 )
Face the Challenge!

What is the difference between '") !"# . Explain with an example of each.

Analysis J(T<

!K K$
= 0 H 1 "(-T( _
H $ C := K L<= &C KC C P 0(U
ni="R pK = , ( 0 := C pK Q CzN( E G ML =U
= &C ._ ( $ ( 9K 0( !K U; !K T$ ( pK UDS DC pK =<( ! U;

a S= G !( %( S= DC P= G( a S= G pK #= 0 J,L H = T J(D 8 H ;L L C
CzN( / H 1= T @ S= DC K 1= T 8 a ;L L _ a !( %( S= DC P= G(
n4SK5 !K C !K U; ' 1 ,= 0 := C P= G g 0 = 2C 0 := C pK 0
>= &C
(24:39-40 4S ) .4H SK5 P= G( !K C DC
!( U; 3( t= G Q (T= := K C SG= &C MC SL-( K0 P 0(U 'L )CG
'b T( TW&C 3H S T= T( H E '( )C C := ( $ ( L 5=&C P= G( n"() *
.'§ kC DC 'b T( = ( 0K := C M {(DC P( "= C 1= t
( ;C L &L = *CD
(2:265 3- )
CN( MC SL%$
0K E5BCC P E"* G 1= T
J(D h
5SLO( ,0K
(8:6 q5j ) .MC KL 0 := gK 8 ( S=
Q 4 !( U; _
( _
2( SK*L& P 0(U P= G( a 0(DC C 5
(2:101 3- ) .MC SK;C 1= 0 := K E5BCC := g( 4( SKL
CN( := K E5BCC n< (
( = jQ P= G( MC SKK =70 S= 0
(70:43 41f ) .MC SKD( SK0 I H K 5K
Worth Reading
How to get rid of Frustration? The author has analyzed the
reasons of frustration and provided solutions to get rid of it. The
writing is in Urdu. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0002-00-
Frustration.htm

Lesson 4B: Khutubaat-ul-Arab
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study some sermons of Pre-Islamic
& Islamic Era. It is very important to study this genre To avoid criticism, do nothing, say
because it is nearest to the genre of Quranic Surahs. nothing, be nothing.
:; !";< ^ ;W J( I

K kL >K
(="j PT6 'G2 ";. 3="$ ) !GS% <O V
C 2(T KkC >K
G x1" ~ K T=C C S !^ ( .!C;g& _ K ( 20 ( sMN :q% :L !";< & ^ Q (
:2"N ^ ( qL SK C J5N !S g N ! N ^ .:2K*4 G 1" ~ 8
K 4C S .:L2KT=
(T EP(
K CMSL-( "$* EP)L1 K MC SKG* EP*KSK !^ .n UD ~ ( oN n EW>
. xT& 4a C & xT& b E,
C 5N . SK ( SK$T x5$ N M( $ 6T MC F,K MSL;1*
(#g PT 3=") ( 0( (T (k

L >K ( kK> qL &
.EPK ;C 1* :2($5j SKG-C DC !~ 0& K 1T G& :q% :L !L;g& Sg (T !";< Ò& ^ (
Mb K * ! d" !T4 ! EPLS-" :L H 4 C d " !K C EP< K"C :L :K & EP-L 1 "KC ^ (

GE%C D .h";< ;D& n G h "*& h
;C D J(S4 h *(B0 := C& :!K 5KO !K K,
( K0 I
a (
.: "= 0 D !K G E%L M" :L ni"R 0 D n (R x"0 UM L ";D h($
sM{D H "AC H ;2(D = ,
( 0 :C PG .' 1 ";D 3H * P(G #
( T( S 4( P(G !K J(-0 M & Ck PD
( = 4 ^ q( S4 ;< :2";< $ .? H 1(t ( C(G 9K oN ()G& #< L $. F,K* (T
.!*T ^
Do you know? Ancient kings used to specify grazing land for the
cattle owned by the Government. Nobody was allowed to enter
his cattle into that protected area. This is called . in Arabic.
Front E%L He will definitely be

shocked
EP-L 1 "KC One responsible for
collecting fodder for cattle
(

(A 04* #g PT 3) ( 0T 1( K

K ( 1 K q( & J(D !K KkK>
K R& .pK K L 20 PG (O<&L pK K C &L !T PK G( L& !( 0(& pK K L ( & !K K"(1& pK K = & ^
( .
( C <( S 4( SK K T !K ;C 4& !LS4 pK< xKG sM& ! h 0R pK ^ y N !N sM&
( < $ P G( S5O .M( GF P(G ( Ck-( 5 ~
( P(G H t :( ;1 P(G H U;%( '( K K P G( 3H CD ;<
.'( j P(G _ H L%
:L2"(W& . x"1T n t U't ¦ C EDC
S( C -D ( ( 10 PG R 4 -D !CS4 ^ Q 9( k( 0K PG
.^ S-T pGK B0 M& 3( >| ;< !K E K 0 M & :K ;$f : ;$f !T WC& G a "= > !5{D (^ S-(T
. xz hz PG 'L D& b "( 5 hz P(G 'L D& .!($5 PG ^ y :L4 U G K4C D
( G& P(G MC SK* G ;< @ H (W ML S< .!( T4 P(G H DC 7GK 'H ( ;< !T 'C ( < P( ^ S-* sMN
(^ ! N hT (S0 ("5(1 $ J(D p(G& PG ^ ( V T !K "T `
K (; 0K PG .3( >|
P(G M G E% G oN y f K -( 0 P "= (8Sf 1T "D x>Lz p(G& '( ( < ± x(z ! PL20
.O( 1T
a y4 ^
y !$5 ^ y :K L 4K
0K . x"1T xG & !"T !"T sM& S OS 0 hz S(
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.( "1;
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( S-* sMN
SK$ ( BD .P "= T(z2 : ;10 SL% W
P0 : ;C 1"( !K ;C " :L2 ®
5 !T ^y :K L2 U;< % .^ (
P "= ;$f :LE :L Sg p( O( ( ^ ( J(D Kg pK Q <& KO< :2"N y^ P $ &
( SL; < ^ z K)CBD .^ ( T N 3C ES%L H "T P< J PG "0 H "T P< h ;C g PG h ;( "
;< (-0 ^ sMBT hz .~ ( VT !"T G ^ !( ( 20 (^ V T !"T G `(; 0K PG !5{D S" 1K T
.:( "1 ^
( T N 3C S% (= & ^ ( !G MS2;0 ~ PG h K ;( 0 .!";< MC SK-0 ~ (
Provisions x>Lz He crossed the limits ¦
C EDC Period in which no Prophet was said
(between Jesus & Muhammad)
3H CD

H &L S0 !K C L k>
!(T J(D ^
y J(5W& (T :L2"(WL& !~ 0& :q-D ~ Ik7D $ 3 !";< %
:L !";< z P( H >Cz H & q( F( = T( :25N :L .!(G4( G P< J(g !(<kT '( 1 PG
K ( 0K PG 'b ";% !(T K 0R K 1 O sM{D .¦ ( # º P( "= -" ( = ;< !$5 P AC
SKD Kp < PG 9G MC k"# sMN !K < A& PG 9G ^ MN .p(RK4 ;< ! F < PG N !";<
J5{D .!T :L G & (T :2";< ^ :L < G hT SK$( 1.O( º ;< ( = T :2C<&
(G Sg .? ( 1K F( ,(1 ( G& P(G C "()
+K
> sMN .:L( RK4 ;< ¬ a 0(

. !";< k1K0 ^ !K0
.!5z ! ^ < G Q T !K | S" ^T P(GK0 M PG .!(*> '( (
.a " ¡J( ^ !< ^ (* < PG .2nS;G x< & x0G
C% N 4 oN :2KT-0 '< PG :K ;C <& .!T :2K*G& % N ^ oN :2KT-0 'H < PG :K ;<& G
%& J D( S$* da 5 8 S* P !5& .J(<K4 J(D PK "= Gj
K r
C C 5 % !5N .!< :L2K"5
.@ ( + I ( ;A J(D SL; = & :2ET4 ^ S-*D .< BCkC T& M N b R !G ¬ K -L 0 .%+4
.!(<kT N p< G ;< 4-0 !5{D .:2T4 ( " 1(T pSK;C k* M& ;< pK £K Ck :L2E;(0
: < PG N ~ ( PG a "= ) =;10 := C ( Gj P(G x(R "T M& =" . qC . :2 P E"T %
9 -C 0 M& h
R & I( = oN J< M "D 9 %C PG .!0O !t< ° C ( C* PD
($º PG ~ ( & V Gf PG PK Gf .!KG4Í ^ ( sMN & ( ! N h a ;( G d" !"D
.:2";< $ .pK K $ K !"N (< * C2R zN
(1) During the battle of Ohad, the Muslims suffered a lot. After the battle, the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W comforted them
by this prophecy which proved true within next five years. The Makkah was conquered in 8H.
(2) Slaves were exempted from certain religious directives due to their workload.
Protected area (of grazing land) Frustration

C "() Being energetic ¦
( #

(M- +,<N) ?
( "(7T !K Kk>
.=1 $0 ´ PG oN g EO&C :L g<S D J(-G 9 ( x< ^ E5 :q-D G( PG ?"lT I kC >
P( Gf I ;% P";< ' ( 0
b !G !-D& Sg PG oN !-D '( G _4K .! !K - D( !H -(D '( G( _K D
M PG. !( 4 PG ML S2* :*S<O sMN .( <º ( KFL ( Gj (j ( " ^ ( '( 1 ¾
>N
"5 !g M PG .b ( 4 Jg "5K !K = *& !(;% J(D pK ( '1 !K ;C R ^ 9 C3>| !K g
.! I C G N "5K P(G !( *(B0 ´ .!( "= "
^ sMN & .3b S ;K 3b ( > "5K sMN &” :q-D ( 1 1T Ik> !5& x0& !( (kL >K PG
L D7G
n 4K P 1= 0 & .Q $ SL-* "5K SL-E*D MS;1* ?" a ( D "D :2L;( 7$G
;< 3H N d ( # P(G ( * :C IK kL 70 qF0 :C “.!K ;( < zN E.
C qC S-0 M& ~
(
“.G "D g :L2G( S0 P(G J -( T C N G "D "5 PG ( 0 ´ !5N” :q-D ? ( 1$
( A&
(M- +,<N) $ 3 !";< ! k>

U'KG D ^ ( 0 PG .(<& 8i" ($5& 4( KRK P(G ^ ( T zL SK15 !K K"(1& pK K = & ^ . sMN
r
( 0. P $ & sMN .! h0R p ^ N !N sM& R& .! Og D ' ;( K0 PG !
.p S G ;< pK 4 > .( L2 1T ( 6 J(D !K ;C > O& !(;% ± ^ !E0+ PG ` ;C D& % .^ _ K
.:2(TS;% 'L P(G ^ Q S ( &L ^
y EI & PG S ( &L !K ;C T& r0. @ W& !5N ~ r ( 0O & P(G
^
Q SL-* .ni"R !T SL( #K* ^ KK< .:2TS;% !";< SK$- * .pz ^ ( S; *
“.:2"T ^ ( KT( ST* :L2g( SDBT MC SL; 1* G ` a (W SL%W !( *(C-*K E
Redness 3H Forced, compelled b ( 4 His group !K ;C R

Don’t harden SK$- * Don’t be tired S; * Branches of date-palm
trees
?
( 1$

(M- +,<N 'G2 I0Ô) $ 3 !";< ! k>

1 M{D .:2(0(5 oN SK5D b 0(5 :2 MN .:2((1G oN SK5D :(1G :2 MC N !~ 0&
.!"D }H % ^ G 40 @ H T 'b & .!"D 'b <D ^y G 40 G % 'H & P( "= DC 7G VT
'% 3( "
PG ( 2( 'C %( ( "(#
PG (!*(>| p"5KO PG !($ !($5 P(G K 1 ( >K B";D
( º N 4H O PG "5 1T .I H 1$KG P(G 8
( Sf 1T G p( ( "T( H KG d
K 5 SD .8(
.4( ( &
(#<j `W) $ 3 !";< ! k>

sMB .I % 5("= ;< "D K . M I C % 5("= C ;< "D 8 Sf UMBCC ~ 0&
5B :( K* P(G 'L L B5 :C & :KLS5K .MS1 4 "N 'b ";% < a 8 ( SGj PG 9K "# 5K
.H s' EG( &C H < s' "($5 .:Kg 1T MC KU;7
GK
d
C H" 1G ( "= P(G !K $ n G C 5& Pf TSA .~( _
( SK"<K P< !K"< !K ;C R P( TSLA
= TA !K -";> $ K = C + P( ÓSA .( 2$ q 'g& C C> (2. !( - 'g&
!K = 1 ( !(S% P(G 'C C h
$
G& !(G P(G 'C C 5& P( ÓSA .pK ER ~ P( < qC F( < !K *0
.L < ( p( S( $* ´ L E$
(M- +,<N) $ 3 !";< ! k>

SL;W
( . SL; #* M& '% . qC <j K4O( T S*SK* M& '% :2T4 oN STS* !~ 0& &
K K* SL%+ K* ("51 $ J(D ( % 3( ) ! :((z 3( )C2T( :2T4 P "= T :2"T
g J(G< J(D g J(G-G J(D C1º :2";< } D % ' F< ^ M& SK;C < . K K*
.(*SG ( 1T P(G J(*" ( G"- ( S0 oN g R J(D
Calamity, epidemic H We accompany 9K "#

5K Shari’ah, Divine Law : (1G
It is fixed for them :KLS5K Youth, young age ( "(#


! SW & ! E® & .p(G& ± ! 4 T !;R ! ^ 9 D a GN ! C * PD
pK -0 M& N xG( KG a D K0 & . xKG ¡JT( <& EK 0 & .! ET( & ! C %W &
.!K AC S & !K C "
K 70 Mb k;
(M- +,<N 'G2 I0Ô) 2G `D S0 !k>

p< 5 Kp < @ W
.! h0R p ^ N !N :q% :L ( 12 _ ( T ;< ? %C
L 5 ( sN P( "= *g JG %C * SD <E0K qH G & H O & 3H LBG ' L & .pK _ F j F g
MSK1T4& G L C U; GK L 0( "D 1 ¦
( S$(T ( 1 'L )G B(kl 'L C% & .. L 0C-(
( "
.gOK & (5SLkTK J(D n C ;(>
K O O P(G ~ K ( T|(T 1 * ";gº 3C S 7 = 5 :2 E5N( ~
K E 0&C 0 :* Å ._ H K* P(G ;( >K
0| .:= L C-*=&C !( U; = <( := 2L G &C UMN( SLD4 1(
.:H 0=
H & PK T :a 0=
a & x"= > : SL% :2(T 'b <D J5N MC * G !C 2G 'gB0 & u0% #1G 0
.y C-;C kL :K K5BD SKg z :q%
-$ ± !k>
ni0(G n)"(G n)"C -( E:K U; ” :q% !";< & ^ ( D f 1K W pQ O4 , K 0 JK ( -D
. !T 4K * 4F !T K (K* }
4j !(T J("K* x44 O x0=O n-AC n%C n ,( x x10(GK ni"(g

( -C & p(5 oN pK 0 ! ^ qL S4 EO4 G ^ SD “.r H 4 "= n < n 1D5 x"-K !K ; 1
.";< "C S :; :q-D !^ qS4 0 @ @
MC S, ( 0 ~K .C% 4& y $
.'( "(;6 CS 4 ( 0f P< _ K $( _ ,5=D
They yelled MC S,
( 0 Productive & flowing x x10(GK Serving,
housekeeping
L 5 (
It encircled 4 Victorious & abundant n%C n ,( Camels n C ;(>
Crown '( "(;6 Continuous & productive x44 O x0=O Happy & joyful ni"(g ni0(G

(M- +,<N 'G2 I0Ô) OS , ± !k>

8i" PG $5& 4( R PG ^T zS15 !"N _S5 p$5 !"1$5 pKÕ ^ .
pK ^ N ! N M & R& .!
O( g D ' ;( K0 PG ! U'( GK D ^y ( 0 PG .(<&
.!LS4 pK< xKG sM& K R& !K h
0R
:K 1T G& .a "= > Sg T `
K & .!(<A ;< :L2) ( &L ^
( S-T( !^ O < !:L2"(WL&
J(%SG ± g J(G< 1T :LC-& J(;E1 (4O& J5{D .:2 PK "T&L JG SK1 = !~ 0&
± g :2(GS0 ( GK :L2ET4 SL-;* M& oN :2";< a :2C SG& :QGO sMN !~ 0N . g
!R :s; .
K ;T 'g & . g :(;C T ± g :(R
&L T& T4( qC & sMN . a StSG ( ";gº T4( sMN .";< !K PG oN gO "K;CD b 5G& p< = 5 PD
( G< K O !T &L 5 H O q& sMN .b <StSG ( ";gº Q GO sMN .I(;UkK ( < PT ~ K 1 J< T4( !( T(
.( 0C-$
( ( 5 $
"= b <StSG 2 ";gº (G sMN .1 I;kf ( < P( T ( 4. PT ( 1"T4 P( T
.( ";gº '( g& P(G SD O + PD .H "= 1( T L C(G !"D ( ,
. C 1 (T 'C %C G K 1 !K (R Oa S %L K 1
.S( "D Ck0K M & J t
( 4 % !2 pg :2(t4& J(D 1K0 M & d K i(0 % MC k"# sMN !~ 0&
.:2(<& P(G MC K-( * (G hz
xG< !K 5SKG 0K xG< !5S; ( 0K . P0 !T ' ( 0K (L2 ± 3b O0+ L $ ( 5N !~ 0&
sMN .} 4j 8 ( S$ ^ ;C > S0 !( (iC" 4 ( % MC GF sMN .^ y E G 3C E<( SLiA( SK"(
b 1T4& (G }4j 8 S$ ;> S0 (^ _ ( J(D xR # < ^ < 4( SK# K 3C E<(
O P="T I a 4 E
K ,. z 31- z :Oa CD a ( 8 a "( SGK b C .a K K
.R :; ;T 'g & .MH 1R
(1) The Prophet started implementing his directives about interest and retaliation from his family to make it an
example for others. (2) There were certain responsibilities given to different families of Quraish. The Prophet
abolished these ranks except housekeeping of Ka’aba & providing water to the pilgrims.
Do you know? Islamic worships are conducted according to the moon calendar which revolves around
the seasons. In order to fix the calendar into seasons, Quraish added a 13th month in every three years.
The objective was to fix the pilgrimage immediately after the harvest season to get more and more funds.
This is called Nasi’. Islam forbade it.

:"= :2RCD P i(ASK0 s& P";< :2 .a P( ";< :2 n- :2";< :2($ sM& !~ 0&
:2 MC Uz& % ^ sM{D P ;1DC M {D .H # T P "= *(B0 :2(5z{T N :2*S"T !K 5SKg( 2K* x & P; >( K0
:L21CA& P "= ( 5 M( {D .
H EGK "= xTt
EPgK SKT( * 9( ( ± EPgK K, K * EPgK SL; ( 1* M&
1 ni"R P( $5j P 2 ;( 0 HM S< :< y $ 5N .
1fT PK*S$ PL%+4 :2";1D
. x"= > P(T SWS ( $ ± ^ S-*D .^ ( ( ;( 2C T( EPK KDL :K;C; ^
( ( 5GB(T EPgK SK*K>&
.R :; ;T 'g &
'g & .!(G d
H 5 I
( "CA P< sN !">& qC G ³
H G '
( 0 .3b S>N MSGf 5N !~ 0&
.R :s; ;T
:C !T :K*>& M N G :2"D
K * % J5{D ./
H 1T _
C%4( :2K1T _
K ( 0 x4UL 1T P 1(* D
.R :; ;T 'g & .^ ( _ :pK 1T S;
( *K
^ ( < :L2GK & ._
H *K P(G K O O| :2s; .a :LT& sMN a :2ET4 sMN !~ 0
.R :; ;T 'g .S- (T N 'b D J( , < ;< J(T1 d" .:LC-*&
.I
( K g# e ;( K";CD :q% .:15 S%
+K SK,0 b"W H 4 S +K SK,0 . ( "= f PG !K " 5 H 4 '( 2( : E$%C % ^ sMN !~ 0&
"= US * & !"T& ( "= oN <EO PG .2 K ,
.
C ( g( 1; w
( ( ; K CS .r
( ;L )L P(G H )C& J(D b "W
:2";< $ .qb <
a W !(G 'L -K0 .P="1=& ~ ( 2f ^ L 1 !";1D (!"C SG
.^ = 4
(1) It means that women have no responsibility more than that.
(2) It is a big issue. If a married woman commits adultery and gives birth to a child. It will become a dispute that the
child belongs to which father. According to these words, if it is not possible to associate a child with a specific
father, he will belong to the husband of that woman and the adulterer will be punished.
Fornicator, adulterer ( g( 1 Bed (owner of the bed

i.e. husband)
w
( ( Under protection MH S<

(="j PT6 'G2 ) !(*SG }

( G J(D !k>
!K K &4 I
< % .nSK<SG !K *KS D !"N
K = 7
D ^ qL S4 J(5 :q% ~ H < PT '( P<
S1D (~ ± Oa 5 q% :L (( ;< d ;C p( ( "T 8
K > BD !'L D 0 ("T( >K :q-D
:q-D !"N
P( "= T P(G @
a SL>K JG 5O % !5N .Sg N !N ^ Q :2"N K = & J5{D !~ 0& :1T G ”
xt< ! K R K PG .!G = -( $";D (C D xC ! 8 K C; K PD .:(K &
P(G y # u 70 .!G >B";D ËG D nG ! 8 K >& PG .!G = -$";D J(t< D
.J(;; & !C M M N n- JG >& PG ËN :L2EK & sMN & .J(5BR P(G = $" 5{D J(;C%
“. x4 G( :2"(D SL%& < PH KG K "= g sM& 4& % .d ( I
K "AC 5& JT4
K "-C;D
( )(T 'b K 4 !";< <EOD .oj !( (CC- ( O 1D (( ;< d
;C ,
D 9 4 :L L s; D qF5 :L
:q% :L .tS <( pK Ck<BD :g( 4O(
P(G ML S g& "5 SD sMN & ."5 K SKDL ' -L 0 p( O "K;D ¥ JR p< M PG !~ 0&”
VT ^ y pK E"> x< sMN” :q% :L .:C C H &L _ ( W& ;< s;W Å “.3>| ( SD
“.(T ($L 5BT 0DC ” :q% H 2T ST& C2D “.p(< G 4 >D p(< G P "= T "5K
Rule of the Day! Sometimes, the word G is comes after a direction of space or time and before a
verb. It converts that verb into its 4 G. For example, Q G K 1= T (after its arrival), SK;( L G K 1= T
(after being offended) etc. This is called 04 f G.
Acquit me J(;; So he should take

revenge
= -( $";D Not feeling well, sick nSK<SG
Passage of time x4 G( Respect xt< He tied I
<
Embarrassment
K SKDL Grudge y # Coming down (death) @
a SL>K

:";< ^ M St4 ( T 0WS I

K kL 7
K
:; !";< ^ ;W qL S /
(%L S0 :0 H 2T J(T& k>
_ S) !< ? # 2C D H_S)T E,$ GK Sg J( ;< !";< ^ M St4 0 2T ST& 'C > O
P(G H & 8( Sf 9= k-0 ´ G h *(S( 9 kC -C 5 .x"G (A "
(A .JG& 5=& J(TBT” :q%
n3$G 8 (W = > ( 2K P< ; ;C ( P< = L 1 D (3S P(G ( "5j
.~( SLK(T h
*(S( 5K,C h(G x4"(> M h*SG sM& S .¥ S( h"D 5(W = <
a 2D < !K " 5 9K "(k$5 G GBD .M( SLi# K Q G h";< 5= C 5j (2 P< "= 5 h5& S
PG P= 2L .hT4 < Í 0 5Lz . $ < !K = ;( TBD :; .M( ( = 0 M( C(70
a 5ON
< h
"5 e ;( T& :; .( # S P(G ;> ( := -L 5 :C ("2$ P(G ;> G S;D .hCT
“."(D !K C
:q% n k> I
kC 7
D .:(* 2C :( "< :(* C ( 0R ± :g ~ oN
> :L
R& .!S4 p< Í 5" M& R& .! h0R p ^ N ! N M& K R& "D
sM& .q% qC S- M&
C r
C 0. M&
R P 0 sM& qC F 5 _ 2 sM&
:q% Å .'H 0SA H J(D V K f K . Sg ^
.8
K SK0 ¡J ^ Q M{D ^ Q K K10 M PG .8G % xÍ sM{D xÍ K K10 M PG !~ 0&
G ;< p< G !( " 4 >& % Ö^ MN .x<F pK SK<* D p(G& J(D :2"N E-C * % Ö^ MN
K"T @
EDC PG
< ( T( C > & PD .!("5 C !K T :2"D ? ;C > !(T S oN !K
C% :L (<
:2"5 8 ( ST( ML k"# :L2E;C ( #0 ( $-T P "= G( ES%C SK5SL ! SG P0 0& 0 . 2C 5&
.:L2T( K ;"D pK K( $* K!5KF, ( 1K* T pSL;( 1D .:2(0O P< :L2E(0
Sadness a You did good to us 5K,C Enshrouded E,$

GK
Serious sickness
a 5ON We’d definitely depleted 5= C 5j Perfection 3n $G

:< ^ Jt4 H 0+ PT ( Gj H 2T J(T& L E"W

(
:q-D T=&L oN pK E" P "= !#" H 0+ PT C G& W&
K4( * S; * SK5SK7* :< gSL( D H #1T :2"(WL& ! SL%( !~ 0& 0
KpSL%
*K n75 K1K -* n3&G x"= x7"R x"= W (A SL;K-* SL;)L= *
.!(;C B( N x"= 1T 3n -T 3n R SKT* n3 E)CGK 3n ,R SK1Uk-C *

S .!K :$5& SD G :gS<K D (9G( S × :$5& SLEDC % H S%BT MK *
S
: KL zD H"R 1T ni"R G :K; C & z{D (1k ML S& "D H "5(T :L25S*B0 H S% ;< MSKG-C *K
:KgSL-( >D (I( 1 ')(G CS SL * :(( y4K ¦
C & SK DC % xG S%& MC SC-;* .";< ^ (
.^ :( T SK1DC 5 n-> ?
( "$(T
:< ^ Jt4 -< PT "S ¾1 PT (1 H 2T J(T& L "W
H "W
( S T G H s' W& ( % ;< C)1G -< PT "S ¾1 PT < 9 E"R
:3H
PG .I
K $ ( 0 r
L " P(G !L%+K 0 x7G !K '1,0 ^ ( E0 PG !5{D ("51 $ ± ^ ( *
× h5N .^ O< !T W S*K G a "= > ^ S-* sM{D . x& ! :1 0K !(*i" !< 2C 0K ^ 0
.:(G& L <( :2(0O K S% !"D < L ;
L 0 ML gO6 !"D h 1 $0 ^ '( KK P(G 'H "
.= * P( * D
Cheating ML gO6 They shaved SK

DC Don’t keep a grudge S; *
Don’t go far away P( * Headbands I
( ( 1 Don’t cut dead bodies
(of enemies)
SL;)L= *
Don’t be heedless = * Beat them :KgSL-( > Don’t hollow out K1K -*
He went to see off 9 E"R Churches, monasteries 9( G( S

!*SG < < ^ Jt4 1K H 2T J(T& "W

4( T < 4( T !K ;L (-K0 '( ";T n < ^ ( M N .^( S-(T h"(WSKG 1T P(G h L ;( 7$KG J5N
!K K0+ SG
= ;- PG PK 0+ SG = ;C -L C 5{D .C 0 O *K n ;C D( 5 'L -K* !5N .'";T !(;-0
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(1) Sa’ad Ibn Abi Waqas !< ^ Jt4 was a great companion of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. He was a maternal uncle of
the Prophet. Caliph U’mar !< ^ Jt4 appointed him the Commander-In-Chief of the army attacking Iraq.
They are given higher
rank over others
MSL;t
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obligatory
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My exhortation J(C <( God-fearing xg 4 Testator J(WSKG

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Do you know? Ahl-uz-Zimma are the Non-Muslims living in a Muslim country. It is the responsibility of
Muslims to protect them and maintain their freedom of religion. They are exempt from defense service by
paying a tax called 0F. Their rights are similar to Muslims. If a person violates their right, the Prophet
:; !";< ^ ;W will put a lawsuit against him on the Day of Judgment. They are called G 'g&.
Favoritism, biasness 3C TK Your weight (4+ Their protection (of

borders)
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(1) It means that don’t send them in military campaigns for a long period of time and don’t harm their families.
(2) It is the base principle of Islamic Economics that the wealth should not revolve only in rich people. Instead of
dividing land among people, Caliph U’mar !< ^ Jt4 kept the lands of Iraq & Syria in Government’s ownership in
order to spend that money on public benefits. (3) People who attacked on Caliph U’thman !< ^ Jt4 to kill him.
Sending them away in

enemy’s land
:g=,
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( ( Stop bloodshed! Q GO P= -( Cursers, those who curse P "= G( ER

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(1) The great conqueror of Syria and some part of Iraq. (2) He was commander of another part of army which
conquered Egypt. When Hercules sent various well-prepared armies, he advised to gather all the Muslim armies in
Syria. On his advise, Caliph Abu Bakr !< ^ Jt4 sent Khalid from Iraq to Syria.
It was outweighed against him !K %L S= L 0 One who obtains x;( ,$G Power 4( S
They hid themselves KF,
He blesses it !K D 0K Ability, power P( 2

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(1) He was the seventh grandfather of the Holy Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. His period is estimated to be around 350CE.
If this sermon is correctly associated to him, it indicates that the people of Quraish were at the right path of
Abrahamic faith during his age. They used to perform the Friday Prayer and bear the news about the Prophet were
available to them.
Returning
a KW
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Supporter S
= DC He returned TEBC* Quiet
a
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(1) He was the grand-grandfather of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W and the chief of Quraish. He lived around 464 –
550CE. At his time, Quraish were suffering with great economic difficulties. He urged them to start trading between
Yemen & Syria which resulted in their affluence.
(2) He was the grandfather of the Prophet and the chief of Quraish. His period is from 497 – 578CE.
(3) He was a Himyarite king of Yemen who fought against Abyssinians to recover his country. His period is 516 –
574CE.
Helping them :(5ES1 GK Unkempt n)1(R Visitor 4( E+K

It is not taken illegally I
= ( 0 :C Being dusty x= L From the side of ( C-;(*
He congratulates L 0K Building ( "= ( Neighbor ML "= (


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(1) He was the uncle of the Prophet who raised him after death of his parents. He died in 620CE.
Our burden DC Farthest from curse P( 1C;

K "T& Unbeatable x1"(GK
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performed
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4H (5 H O '( "C 8
( 8
H Sg G s' 8CD 8G PG 8 G w < PG SK< SK1 = !~ 0&
4H =5& 3 KG } H 4& 3KG qH ( K> F* 4H T( Kg F* H SK,5K
H T& 8 Cz ( . H
SKt4 & .MS1(0 MSg0( ~ qC T G . 1 } ( 4j ± MN x1( ( $ ± sMN 3 E, GK
P(G 'L
D& ! t4& Sg x0O ^ sMN .!"D : N x$% ^T ¡d% :K $ ( -K0 SKGD SL * & SKG%BD
. x2KG ( Gj P(G MC SK*B :25N .!";< :5& :2(0O
:qS-0 hz 1T B#5& $% M& K0
( T M- PG M.... ="j P "= (g ±
4O G C d" 8S; ...... xO4( SG
K 0&4 (
Wj Tj J* .... gS5 JGS%
K 0&4
T P "= % PG .... EJCN Jtf 9K ( 0
W S- 4W r" .... Í J5&
= -C 0&
(1) He was one of the great orators of Arabia. He was the Bishop of Najran, a town in Southern Arab. His teachings
are full of the thoughts of Monotheism and Hereafter. He was on the true path of Prophet Jesus $ 3S; !";<.
Prophet Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W attended some of his sermons before his prophethood and praised him. He died
around 600CE.
Do you know?
U’kkaz was a temporary market and festival near Taif held immediately after Hajj. It is situated
near the Taif Airport in Saudi Arabia. Its site still hosts a festival & market.
Places of water xO4( SG It is full K > F* Dark

H O
Occurring W Firmly fixed 3KG Quiet
H
Past, previous T Spread 3 KG They shine K g F*

Lesson 5A: Literal & Figurative Meanings +, -"-.
Dear Reader!
In previous lessons, we have studied the !"#*. We
Out all actions are being recorded. Be
have learnt that persons, things and situations are careful.
compared with other ones on similar grounds.
A word is normally used in the meaning for which the word is created. It is called -"- or the literal
meanings. In all languages, a word can also be used in some meanings other than it literal meanings. It is
called +a ,G . For example
a & a 0+ (Zaid is a lion). Definitely, a man cannot be a lion. Here the speaker has
described Zaid as a lion due to his bravery. The word & (lion) is not used in its literal meanings. It is used
in its figurative meanings which is called +Û. See the following examples:
(39:7 G+) .
H C 8
H ;L L J(D H ; > ( 1= T P= G( n-;> := 2L *(EG&L M( SLkTK J(D := 2L -L ;L 7
= 0
He creates you in different phases in the wombs of your mothers in three-fold darkness.
(14:1 :"g TN) .( "(

F( 0(F1 ¦
( W
( CN( := ( T4 M( z {(T( 4( S CN( 8
( ;L P= G( ~
E
( 7
= K( h
"= CN( pK F5C& _
a (
(O Muhammad!) This book, We have revealed to you so that you bring people out of the darkness and guide
them towards the light i.e. towards the way of The Most Powerful, The Praiseworthy with the permission of
your Lord.
(6:97 15j ) .(
= 8
( ;L L J(D T( K= ( SK, := 2L C 'C 1 (U S gK
He is the One Who has made stars, so that you can find your way in the darkness of land and sea.
In the first verse, the word 8; (darkness) is used in its literal meaning. There is a real darkness in
mothers’ wombs.
In the second verse, the objective of revealing the Quran to the Prophet :; ! !";< ^ ;W is described as “to
bring people out of darkness and guide them towards the light”. Here the words, 4S5 8; (darkness &
light) are not used in their literal meaning. The darkness discussed in this verse is not the real darkness. The
moral filth and deviation from the right path is described as “the darkness”. Similarly the guidance towards
the right path is described as “the light”. The reason of using these words for the “deviation & guidance” is
the similarity between darkness and deviation and that between light and guidance.
In the third verse, the word 8; (darkness) is used in both literal and figurative meanings. The darkness of
land and sea while traveling may be real. It may also be figurative e.g. the risk of being deviated from the
road due to lack of knowledge. So the “lack of knowledge” is described as “darkness”.
Rule of the Day: The word E5N is used to limit something within the parameters defined after it.
The word S is used to describe a hypothetical condition. Part of the sentence after it is called
¦R (condition) while the other part is called ¦R _
K S (reply of the condition).

The components of +a ,G are five. The detail is as follows:
• +( , °: The word used in figurative or non-literal meaning. For example, the word 8; in second
and third verse.
• +, 1f : The non-literal meaning. For example, the word 8; is used to describe ‘deviation’ or
‘lack of knowledge’.
• I
a $ : There must be valid reason for using the word in in its figural meaning +,fC 1f . There is a
great similarity between a person wandering in a real darkness and one wandering on a path deviated
from morality. So the speaker can use this word for figurative meaning.
• C%(1 : It is the relationship between +( , ° and +,fC 1 . Usually this relationship becomes the
reason for using that word in figurative meaning. The relationship of darkness and deviation is described.
• 0C- : There should be a something e.g. another word or phrase in the same sentence which indicates that
the word is not used in its literal meaning. It may be either described in words or something hidden. For
example, in second verse, the phrase ( "(
F( 0(F1 ¦
( W
( CN( (towards the way of The Most Powerful, The
Praiseworthy) indicates that 4S5 8; (darkness & light) are not used in their literal meanings. This
phrase is the 0% of this verse. Another hidden 0% is that it is not the responsibility of a prophet to bring
people out of physical darkness and arrange physical lightening for them. Obviously, the Prophet is
responsible to bring people out of intellectual and moral darkness and guide them towards the light of the
morally right path.
In order to understand a word in its figurative meaning, there are two conditions:
• There must be a valid reason I and a 0%, for taking a word in its figurative meaning.
• There must be examples available in the Arabic literature of the time when the Quran was revealed for
use of that word in its non-literal meaning. It is essential to see whether Arabs at the time of revelation of
Quran used to use that word in its metaphorical meaning or not. The Quran was revealed in their
language. If they were not using the metaphorical meaning of a word in their standard language, it is not
possible that the Quran has used that word in its non-literal meaning because the Quran is the benchmark
for their language.
Do you know?
In past, various sects have misused the concept of +Û to make their desired amendments in the meaning
of Quran. They claimed without a reasonable base that the entire Quran is allegorical and its words are
used in metaphorical meanings. For example, Bataniyyah – a famous sect of middle ages – misused this
concept by associating those meanings to certain religious terms which had never been used by the
Arabs. 3S;W (prayer) means visiting their religious leader, SW (fasting) means abstaining from the acts
forbidden by their religious leader, ® (pilgrimage) means attending the annual gathering of their sect,
3S+ (mandatory charity) means paying a portion to their wealth to their religious leader etc.

A word can be used in its figurative meanings due to difference reasons. For example:
• Two items have a cause-effect relationship. An item is the reason for other. So the word used for one can
also be used for the other. For example, n%=+4( ( E$ P
= G( := 2L C qL F0K (He brought down the sustenance for you
from the sky). Here the word n%=+4( (sustenance) is used for the ‘rain’ because it is the cause for the real
sustenance that is agricultural produce.
• An item is the part of other. So the word used for the part can also be used to describe the whole entity
and sometimes the whole entity is used to describe a part. For example, H G( = GK H %C 4 K 0(
= DC BnkC > n(G= GK 'C %C P= G
(Whoever kills a Muslim by mistake, he should manumit the neck of a Muslim slave). Here the word %4
(neck) is used for the ‘entire personality’ of a slave because it is an important part of his body. Similarly,
in :
= ( 5( Cz J(D := K 1 T(W&C MC SL;1 ,
= 0 (They put their fingers in their ears). Here the word 9TW& (fingers) is used for
the ‘fingertips’ because it is a part of finger.
• An item is an unbreakable relation to another item. The words used for one of them can be used for the
other. For example S 9
;C AC (The light rose). Here the word S (light) is used for the ‘sun’ because
both of them have an integral relationship.
• The word to describe an instrument to do something can also be used for that task. For example, := K C ; 1
@
H = W
( MC $( (We made them praiseworthy). Here the word M$ (tongue) is used for the ‘praiseworthy’
because the tongue is used to praise someone.
• A general word is used to describe a specific thing and a specific word is used to describe as a specific
thing. For example :
= gK S= #
>= CD := 2L C SK1 = %C ~
E UMN( ~
K E := K C qC C% P 0(U (Those to whom people said,
“Definitely, people have gathered against you. So be afraid of them”). Here the word ~ (human
beings) is not used to describe the entire humanity. Here, specific people are under discussion who
gathered and who said this statement. Due to not understanding this principle, some Quranic instructions
related to a specific incident are generalized or vice versa.
• Words used to describe a past or future situation are also used to describe the present situation of the same
person. For example
C2 SK;C T CzN( ..:= K C SG= &C G" SK* (Give the orphan children their wealth when they
reach at maturity age). Here the word G" (orphan children) is used for the grown-up men or women.
The literal meaning of this word are specific to orphan children but it is used for the grown-up men or
women who were orphans during their childhood.
• Sometimes, words used for the '<D are also used for the qS1G, and vice versa. Similarly, words used for
both qS1G '<D are also used as 4 G, and vice versa. For example x4SK$G xT, (The hidden veil).
Here the word 4S$G (hidden) is used for the ‘hiding’. The correct translation is ‘the hiding veil’.

Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and analyze the components of +Û as given in the example.
Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
Analysis J(T<

4S5 8;L L °
SKG P 0(U J( !K U;
J-"- Ò1G
Darkness, light
CN( 8
( ;L P= G( := K K ( 7
= 0K
Deviation from the right path, guidance +Û Ò1G KC C P 0(U 4( S
A deviated person wanders like one who wanders in
darkness. A person on morally correct path is like the %<
8
K SLUk := gK £K "(= &C
one who finds his way in the light. CN( 4( S P= G( := K 5SK( 7= 0K
Literal meaning does not make any sense. The 8SA
0% (2:257) 8 ( ;L
or Satan try to deviate the people.
VG 4S5 °

J-"- Ò1G
4a SK5 !( U; P= G( := L Q = %C
+Û Ò1G
(5:15) V a (GK _a (
%<
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G
xgK "(D 3C 4S= E F 5C& E5N(
+Û Ò1G
(5:44) 4a SK5
%<
0%
Rule of the Day

If a q( is added before a 4G '1D and its last letter is silent or its P0 M are
deleted, then it is G& '1D. If it carries a fathah, then it is 4G '1D and the meaning
of “so that” are added.

Analysis J(T<

°
J-"- Ò1G g2 ;C g= &C H 0= %C P= G( := C
+Û Ò1G := gK = &C n*"T K B T gQ ,DC
%< (7:4) M C SL;(C%
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G

= G b 0= %C
= 5C =S;C DC
+Û Ò1G
(10:98) 5KµN( 1 C DC
%<
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G
n 0= %C SL;> O CzN( SL;K UMN(
+Û Ò1G
(27:34) gK$ D &C
%<
0%
Rule of the Day

If the word
"C is added before a JtG '1D, it gives the
sense of expressing a wish. For example : DC means “he
understood” while : K 0
"= C means “I wish he would have
understood.”

Analysis J(T<

°
J-"- Ò1G = R= P 0(U h i(C= &L
DC K (T C CE
+Û Ò1G
G := K *K4 ,*(
= T(4
%< (2:16) P 0(= GK SK5C
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G SKG "= * z N(
+Û Ò1G MC C%= L _
2(
%< (2:53) M C K= * := 2L U;1 C
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G }
a G := ( T(SL;%L J(D
+Û Ò1G ntG !K U; := gK O FDC
%< (2:10)
0%
Rule of the Day

If the word EC is added before a 4G '1D, it makes its converts
it into JtG '1D with negative meaning and adds the sense of ‘not
yet’. For example : K 0 means “he understands / will understand”
while := 0 C means “He has not yet understood.”

Analysis J(T<

°
J-"- Ò1G C;< = &C t= G := KL M N(
+Û Ò1G
P= G( := 2L = G( a &C Q = &C H C
Q $ := K$= G = &C ( (
%< (4:43)
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G K $
( "= K = 7
E5N(
d
a = 4( K =+jQ _ K 5Qj
+Û Ò1G
pK SK(= CD M( Ck"= E# '( < P= G(
%< (5:90) M C SK;( *K := 2L U;1 C
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G
+Û Ò1G
d
a = 4( !K E5{(DC H 0(F= >( :
= C
(6:145)
%<
0%
Rule of the Day

If the word ML SL20 is added before a JtG '1D, it makes the
sentence doubtful. For example ' C C &C means “he ate” while ML SL20
'C C & means “He may have eaten”.

Analysis J(T<

°
J-"- Ò1G := ( T(SL;%L J(D P 0(U EG&C
CN( n$=4( := K *=O FDC } a G
+Û Ò1G
:= gK SK*G := ( $
( = 4(
%<
(9:125) M C KD( C
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G 3b S >= N( MC SKG( = K E5N(
+Û Ò1G := 2L 0=S > &C P "= T SK;( W = BCDC
%< (49:10)
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G n 4( 3n S >= N( SK5C M N(
+Û Ò1G ° 'L ) G( ( C U;(;DC $5(
%< (4:176) P ( "= ")C5yj
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G UN( : 0= G PK T= `K "($ G
!( ;( = %C P= G(
= ;C > = %C qb SK4
+Û Ò1G
5C b -C 0W ( !K G&L 'L K
%< (5:75) G1Uk M ( LB 0
0%

Analysis J(T<

°
J-"- Ò1G
P= G -L E&L 4 ( K(
+Û Ò1G
(6:92) CS =
%<
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G

K () 0K y #0 G !K U; SK= 0
+Û Ò1G
(13:39) _ ( 2( &L pK = <(
%<
0%
°
:= ( T(SL;%L C;< !K U; : >
J-"- Ò1G
C;< := ( 1( = C;<
+Û Ò1G
:= K C 3b #( := g( 4( T=&C
%<
(2:7) : a "(< _ a C<
0%
Worth Reading
Suspicion is the major reason for our disputes. How to avoid the suspicion?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0007-Suspicion.htm
Rule of the Day

By default, all nouns are in their 9D4 case. If a noun has an q before
it, it will have only a single fathah, kasrah or dhammah at its end.

Lesson 5B: Types of Deceived People
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study an interesting writing of
famous scholar Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali (d. 505H/1111CE). Creativity is a type of learning process
He was a great psychologist. This writing contains the where the teacher and pupil are
religious aspect of psychology. Its contents are valid today. located in the same individual.
(g505 : ×Sf ) Ë F G ST& Í PT ( P 0(4K=
K W&
( ;1 P04f PG :qj ?
:@
a D( :G M4f
oj %
- * SL; g= & (T S;R "D SL-E1 * ( ";-1 ( "<# S;1 = C2 & C :G %D
.MH 2T( ^ (< :5& SK :(;1T D (8<k G FN W1f P< C ( 4( S,
( ;l (D 'L -0 :";< 'L -0 'T :C;)G o1* ^ _ K 1 0K x;G :( ;1 PG SK;T % :5&
S;< 3( =" P( "= 1 T( 5 S :5{D MC K4KG Sg .:g0k> :(T(S5(T :K(kK0 :< CR
:M;< : ;1 sM&
.;G1G :;< (1)
.R2G :;< (2)
3C OS -f C 2. : ( ( ;G1f :( ;< PG ETK .!(* T o1* ^T :K ;1 Sg R2f :;<
.3( O SK ( G SGK f ~
( @
( >& ( D1G ( . q( . ( D1(T K:;1 g
Outer organs of body (not

the brain)

4( S, They penetrated deep SL-E1 * Type, class (not in
meaning of sect)
%
They were deceived They ignored SL; g= & Deceived P 0(4K= G Ü
Discovery R2G Review, investigation - * It established
= C2 &

y 9K C 0 'g .' 1 0 :C !( $

( 5 IA( ;< 4a O% 'b "(;< Sg p"= EIAC I ( "A qC )G :KL)G
.( "( 1T !( T(R P(G sN y 9K 0 8"g (?WS(T
PG ' -L 0 :C .“gEO P= G _
> = %C gU+ P= G ` ;C D &C = %C ” :C1* !K5 !(S% P< SL;C C
ER & sMN” ::s; !";< ^ s;W !(S% P< S; .~ ;< ;(< 'C g= & "( F* :K ;C 10
.a "= ) hz K "= “.!( ( ;(1T( ^ y !K 1= C = 0 :C :a (< ( G"- S0 xT < ~
(
.( I 3( >| I K "5K I :";| (D :("(K0 :;< sM& SC
L "5() L %C (
:C;D :(T(SL;%L P< S; 3C g W ( 1f SL * g( C 'C 1 : ;(1 SK2C & >L& b %D
3( O 4N K1 ( 0( I( ;CA ( $ ( 0( ( 2( ^
( (< ( GSGf 8 K (G SK0
P< :K;C C !K K 4a hz .O( 1 O( (D 3( K# I ( ;A ( # K M( %j ;< ( )C
'L L B* 8 ( $. 'B0 K $. ” :!S% “.( Wj K (# y 0( ” :$ 3 !";< !(S%
oN “.'C -C y
K (K0 I( ;- J(D @ M( (K0
( # q( f I K ” :!S% “.I kC
4K
H ; -C T( ! U; *&C P= G UN( ” :o1* !S% P< S; .4( >j PG hz
“.:H "(; I
/H 0( ML S20 .!K<A `( * !;% J 0K PG .:(g( g( SC T SL;R :(TS;% P< SL;D
.( _ = R * ( kT 'C RD .( _( R ( kT I K "k pK G BD _K , !T C
OK OF0 !K T qL F0 D .!( (AT (D (G p(g( ;< G 'L W& .!(A( T( G q F 0 :C .p(g( T G qC +BD
S;D (4 Sº ;< gK& K 0 I ( ;- (D b G( 5 zN r
L 7 h2D .!(A( T (D (G xT&
.g !(AT (D G q +
He purifies, makes clean J 0K Ostentation, display of
good deeds
( 0( He gave a medical
treatment
EIAC
Itch, skin infection _
K ,
Leadership ( 0( How it is possible 8"g
Paste ( k Contemporaries, peer M( %j Viral Infection ( "(
Hidden b G( Vegetable 'C -C It protects him :("(K0

)) %
:((,
= 1K ( :5& sN ( # !( P(G b GSGG 5& S;< .@ >j p( ( g SK;( < >L& b %D
S1 !T (;0 5N .hT :("(;0 M & P(G ^ < 9K DC 4& :5& .MC S2( KG :5& MC SL 0 :($L 5BT
.:"(;0 M& P(G ^ < :K C <& :5{D :g GBD .:( ;1 (D :K ;C G eC ;C T PG MC KO
d" hz SK :5& :gK4 .
#
ES;L 1K SK;A .( 0( 2( 'L 0(7G :";< 8
= C D
.!(T d
";TN ( CD P< S; .P( 0( 3L 5K (:;(1
( #( 4K N P0( F<( SKg 5N . x2C *
9( t
( S* P< S; P0D2 : C 4& z(T .5 Cz( :s; !";< ^ s;W J( 3L 5K
^ t4 K <K I *(SK< :(2( $G :(g( -CD :(;( C * P="1=& :";< ^ M St4 ( T
.p=" (D 3C F1 I
K ;( k5 .( 6T ^ 5EF< a S% 5N :q-D ( # oN !(G% (< !( *(zC CT( (D !<
G .!CDR P( 0 F(< I K ;k0 !5& :K < F0 .( 1"D _( ")((T P( 0; EF1( I
K ;k0 4K f g :L
hz sM& !($(T PL0 :C !(G P(G in"R !";< EO4 P"(D & !( 5( %& (D ( $. (D ML $; ;C A&
S !5{D .4a G Cg .!( ( ;L !(5 K< (D '( k( K ;< ¡O4 ; Ia Sg 5N :qS-0 .a $
< I K & M N . K 0 T4 'T =I 0 :C ET4K !(5 %& P(G ( ;1 P(G p("= J(D P 1 AC
M S !5j ¥ gK Sg . ;7 "(D&L M& !T (tC :qS-0 :K ;1 K 0 T4 .!K ( 0K !5BT ~
(
.!L%SD & !L;)G Sg P(G p("= ( 0 ;< :( ( W I ( j ( ;l W !Kt
9 C 5& M& (t 5N :q% hz P< 'C i(K z{D .!";< ()K0 !"N OK OS 0 M( k;$ ;< 'L >0 Ý4
( 0 ;< zN !T ( DC hz !t M S .4a G Sg .4 :< 9 D4& M & .V;$f
.I
K
( 0 H & (D 9K C #0 M( k;$ < !L;)G Sg PG C&4 S p("=
Untidiness, slovenliness 3Cz CT( Ideas, thinking 'L 0(7G Self-importance, pride I
( ,
= <K
He seeks love OK OS 0 He forced : C 4& Those who abstain MC S2( KG
He was reproached I
*(SK< Common people S1

Sg !K h
(G qb G g :ML k"# ! q% a !5& !(T kC > M {D :( SG& PG C > & T4
:g & :8 H $"(;* L pg .P( 0 K ES%C hT :K(< V ;$f K GN 5& P "= ;$f `
( ( (
.GN !5& :r) .V;$f ` ( ( ( !5& :Þ) .! hG qb G !5&
:$ !";< $"(< qL S% :!L;)G .( T ( "5j "5K P< } <& PG sN xGGN ML S20 'g
oN ¬
K ;L 70 Q K K * g Q _
K ( #* g D (O S (D = 1 %C 3( 7 C y S$ :K (1
.!K 5SK;( 0K (G )& g K $( K0 G .3b ) :( ;1 '( g& 4(
K W& . ( 4F
1T %
(W1f g SK .8 ( <CkT gSKE0+ 4 Sº KK AC : ;(1 SK2C >L& b %(D
.S;L 1K I
( ;A ( -L K ( 2( ( $ ( 0 P(G I ( ;- 8 (W d ( @ >& KU-C *
z N MC 4G :2 .( E0S( -C ( ";( ,
TG I
( ;- P(G SK1;C %C G (D :2$5& g
:;D ./ C E@O G d ( ( > 0> (Mk"# ( 0(2G 0C>( P(G 0-T I ( ;C- 0 + (D C-T
.gSL; g= & C SKk( 0
sN !K 1 ;C -C D u
H "# '( P< u DC .!";< 4 D u
( "(#
P(G ( 4F ( "-( * K 0K0 PG (') :L)G
'C C C ;D + T % 'C 2 sM& EPC } ( 4j ( * P(G 1T !K &4 = K 70 :C < u = (0 :C !5&
( ;l ( kC C7GK SL * T4 . KE" * KE"C M N g . K 4F !";< 8 = $ D& 8 = C <
K L 0 Ci( !( ( 5 P( "= $
( * (D :1T K ( ,0 T4 .3( 4 C-
( P( "= 1 T( :"N 5 T4 . x42(
.( C C P( "= 1(T !"N
Face the Challenge!
What is +,G? Identify its five components. Identify three examples of +Û is this lesson.
It is complicated & obscure /

C E@O Clear, obvious ( ";( ,
Wrapping (to
deceive)
8
H $"(;*
He did not realize SKk( 0 ´ Corners 0 + Getting rid of it G
Herbs, parasites for plants u
( "(#
Hidden things 0> Source
TG

$Gl %
8GSK l L 8 ( GSL2. L × C ( S;< ;< K % .S;1 P(G E:( K S* >& %D
:pK SE .!( "- : SK E > .u( 0(1 `
( ( ( ( ;l VT ( 04( º ( 0S( "5K 8
( G1f 'L " *
.I
( g f :K ;(< !K "-
MC $; SKK 0 :C
4 Sº KU-C 0 :C ( A 3( g q( <j : ;< hz 9G SK1E"t T4
´ .4 Sº h P "= A$ oN (1$ P< 'C = ( ( P< P( kC ("( P(G
.82;f $. 0 c2 P< :TS;% S0
( " 6 (D !(< !K 8 K z % '( 1 r L " PG :KgK :P( "= PG M4G g
& !=;C 10 ´ ( C2. L PG Q :C;1* / ( 0f '( ) :C)G sM& .(Ë F _ :S;1 )
SL;( RD .";( 7* :( $
( 5& C "( F* S* :5& r" ( ;< MC SLD( #KG g .!K ; 10
:KgEC 5N ."D :Kg4 <& SK1E"t .1M( 1;( 4( ( (< 8
( 0( / ( " _ ( 2T
zN .!( W × H ' PK 1 k0 .x"(KG x"t% :g( & K S4 :KG N :C ( ;l :K "1*
.P 1Ck qC + S1
K ,f 5N .'L W ( SK (,K !5& hT N : ;< !5& :( hz :( ;1 r L " PG :Þ)
:b !K KD1G ^ L D1G K U- * P(T .!( (DC ( 1T( sN o1* ^ I
4K ES 0 .^ ( I K 'L WSf
O( F 9( "T ;< % PG qb )G g qL )G .q( 1Dj L D1G (8 L D1G (8 L D1G
3( ( F ( D( ES7 K !(*W ( D1G o1* ^ ( P< !K - Sg ! - sM& := ;10 ´ .2 ( 0A (D
b C (CA := K = G( H %C = D( 'L P= G( C 5 =SC” :o1* q% S- K +( K0 .
S7 I K ;- 1 #$"(
“.P( 0 J(D SKU-C "(
(1) All of them are different areas of Jurisprudence. They are the law of: menstruation, blood money, legal claims,
oath to not cohabitate with one’s spouse, and oaths to get acquittal from legal charge if a person charges his/her
spouse for adultery. See details in the book of Islamic Jurisprudence.
(2) A person who performs legal religious services but does not develop fear and love of God in his heart is like a
person participates in a pilgrimage but limit himself to selling goods instead of performing the pilgrimage.
So that it feels 1 #$"( Near to, superintendent MC SLD( #KG Disputes 8GSK l
L

( F6 ( CO ,K ( 0kT : ;1 N !K ( 0K 8

( "D( l ;< !- :( ;< PG % PG ( g P(G
8( %G × u ( " × 4 'C "; qC ESAC Sg .3( gK '( j . 9K DO (: l C ( %N
M( %j 3L gG % »N .: ;1 K( -0 ´ g .M( %j _ ( S"1 ( - (Ig f _ ( T4&
.K E2C "5 × !1C 5 ."5 × N 9K 0 :H ;< PG :C x"= > M :(TS;% ( "( T SL;R S
.U;C * x45 3( >| × I
K ;( -0 hz
G :s; !";< ^ s;W ^ q( S4 C EK o1* ^ _
";< 'L ( #"D I
( g f L O& G&
.g 4H ` K %&
O$ %
)2 .:(*%C GK 9( * P "= 7f ;< O ( O, ( 2 :( ;1T S;R >& %D
;< :2 .:(G( DN hi& 3( G × ( 0k :( ; 1 T( S;R .( C ;7K 8 ( SL- :( ;< P(G
.b U-
( GK >j bU;
( GK b Ut :Kg N :P( "= %D
K 2C 0K 3b =") @
a D( Sg .3L , ($T (t P< (;;D % 4 G&
! K# =&C D .,gG ( Oj ¦ C R SK2C 0 :C :5& r
L " PG Ss;t 5N .x1T :K1T
.n = RK 'L "
n "O
^ P( 0O × 8( TK -L 'C D& 4( SGj E:g & !5& q( ºT SK :5& r" PD -( 4 G&
( "= PG o1* ^ Q @ EW PG sMN .r = 0 ¬
= EC 0 ´ G !K0O H j :(0 !5&
= < + .o1*
M( - oN SK( ;0 := C (^ < _ H E-C K T( 'H G2T d" PH G( KT( hz d";D 'b "O H 0* r H T
.'" :G I = ;L k0 :C ( ;l K "= > :5BT :C ( R :s; !";< ^ s;W EJ( sM& .qj
!";< S5 gK 1T § %( a S% U't G” :q% !5& .:s; !";< ^ s;W J( P< GG& ST& 4
“.q, SK*& N
They were not inclined SK( ;0 := C Dominating in a debate ( DN Introducing K %N
Debate on a disputed
issue
q,
He did not scrutinizes ¬
= EC 0 ´ Showing pride over
others
3( gK

1T$ %
( (
( Sl PG :I ( ;C- 8
( W d ( @
( >& (D :K U;2C 0 PG C E"(5 :Kg<& .°
( <ST S;R
MS0 :5j M4G :g .@ ( ( ¾( >6 P( "= -" ( gKF '( S ( 2# ( =
N < MC S2C KG :g .(T SL E* -D "N ;l S<O .8 ( p(T SKU;2C * zN :($5BT
:($5BT MC SK,
( 1K0 :5j 4( ~K & :gK4 .P "= ;$f K S< !< hC 0 H "= $0 4H % P<
._
( ,<6 L 0
:C 4a SG :5& o1* ^ K 9G O( gFK ( 2 :((T
1 .MC S ;7KG :g N ¾ ( >6 ( %O ( "-* ;< K4% G .!(S4 ^ × MC SK(K0 :5&
× I & :g .8 ( 9" h .MC SKgFGK < :Kg N d ( _
( SK"<K 0k> ;< SL%C
."D :(4 3( S% "5 ;< :(W 3( # "5 × gF MC K( K0 .H & '( PG "5
MSDSK70 .MC 4CD !(G :g ^ oN Q < M0 .P "= ;7KG =" :g ¾ ( >6 ;< MC S)( 0
.M<KG !G :g o1* ^ oN MST-0 .MC SK5 ! :g ^T M0 .MC SKG( !(G :g ^T
.MC SL( EGK (T :g C GSGf 8
MSKG 0
MSK<0 ( :($(,G P< SK1G S .xW( :KgR& ( ;l ;< :g ( ;l P< ~ MSLD( 0
S .( ;l K WN :t M& MSK < F0 = ( 4 (T }
K 4j :";< = %C ^
( oN ~ "D
S . x$ C 8
C !( 00 ;< SK;C W
PG !";< K ;l 'C %& P(G :KgK & !(5 %& P(G C
:K <& D .!"N o1* ^ ( ;> / K T& M2 !(5 %& / ( 1T ;< !"N P 0(OO( K P(G a &
.O( $
oN ( SKK !( "( P( < :gK1T& x4 ~
(1) This style of exception has double negation which gives a positive meaning. The meaning of these sentences will
be: “If they were sincere, then they were able to search for the fine details of sincerity. They were only able to stop
and ponder into the weaknesses of personality if they had avoided them.”
Those who are

doubtful/hesitant to accept
P 0(OO( K Those who avoid MC SKgFGK They become deeply
knowledgeable
KE*

G) %
PG N b UDC M( GF g '( g& Ú
b <( :g °
( <S × I ( S ® ( f P< SL < :G >& %D
x;CA q( 1 ( # M( S5% P< H 4( > 8 H ;( C ( "(;T S;RD .o1* 4* ^ !K <
._
( ß

( ,6 (D :Kg )& .-( "(;* Ú ( j 9( "(,$* ( 2K 8 ( 4"kC T( S;R A
S 8 K C-<F K K S :($;( ,G × )L20 M & :Kt .@ ( ( q( WS( 4( 1RBT O( #(
:$5& SK;( 0 ´ M N P "= j sM{D . S;t & S;t d( 56 P "= A"R g .3H D } H & ;<
.'( "$ P( < MC K 0 :5{D g G& .:C< :G SKEW :g"= SK;C W& -D
× n 4 (W1 ;< 3n &CK :G :KgK 0(F"KD ( ( ° ( ;T ^T 4( oN ;l CMK, ( 0K
.o1* ^ = 4 P(G :KkL (-K0 I ( ( '( "7
( _
( ")T x0F GK °
L < S MC zN E"( "5K
1 %
!K 5SL( 0 G SH 5 ;< 5K"(1"KD "5K zC × :()0O & O( EgFK ( 2T SKDC :G >& %D
(D :K1T (T( ;< hz 'H 1T :KL 1( "D ."(51 T( ( AC N ( "= P(G pK SL( H P(G
!((T ! 4a SG !5& .^ (< H 5 !5& P0 .( $;C ,
K 9G @( Sj × :1T I0(4
.:L;% M P(G x4 R & g .'( 1 P(G p( S;L >K 9G O( gFK ( 2
Do you know? You can conceive the situation mentioned by the author if you’ve visited the
congregations of the orators. In such sermons, the speakers try to instigate the emotions of their audience.
They fabricate sentences in rhymed style in an artificial manner. They frequently use poetry even with
vulgar poems. They try to describe points which are far away from logic and wisdom to fire the emotions
of audience up. People start sobbing, weeping and screaming during the sermon. Some people even start
vibrating and dancing in an unconscious manner due to their fired up emotions. The author is indicating
that sort of preaching congregations.
Fabricating a rhymed 9( "(,$* Making things strange or

odd
_
( 6 They deviated from P< SL <
Demonstrating emotions
by vibrating or dancing
K K S Flying, (metaphor for
issuing or fabricating)
8
( 4"AC Preachers, pastors Ú
b <(
Cries, weeping 8
K C-<F Fine points
( 2K Affectation ( "(;*

3R1 %
I
( ;A !(G 3( =")2 8 ( 0 9( !(<( (<& r0. :;< × :*%& S;R >& %D
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PG :gK4 .("= 9G d" G 9G ( "(5j P( G (1G 5D K "- 5D K 0&4 MD P<
5N ."(51G ( T * ( $ :( D oN C 01 MSLD( 0 :5{D 4( j ( ;C C :5& G :pH S
K T* :a D r( 0. PG OK S -f 'T 8"g .:"(20 hz M& MS0 .'( - ;< MC KW ( %
.# Å L'1 Å L°. Å C ( Å K$ r ( 0. × qjD .!"(51G
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M T4 !";< &-0
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.:;10 Sg r L 0. !< (0 K 0 T4 .:K ;10 r
C 0. E"C ? EW S r L "(T (D
.4 hz '
( T PG & :s; !";< ^ s;W ^ qS4 PG !1$0 M& r ( 0. ( × 'L Wj 5N
^ q( S4 P(G !(<$ T PG !K<( K "= ( 0 .P="1=& :";< ^ M St4 P "= 1T PG &
H
H × h# K 0 !C( !00 .° L ( 0 ( 0 Sg .:s; !";< ^ s;W
.!00 M& ! F= ,
K 0 ´ !"D EhR MN .!G
:"5) .( ( 4( 2T ( G ( 9G I ( ;-T :Kg N .V-0kT MS20 r C 0. °
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n " °L ( 0 ._
S2f ` K 0K 9K $0 I
K K20
Ù I 20 M& +Sm .W& p a 0 !";< * xG !(5 F> × MC S20 M& _ 2
.3=") ¦R $; .( f × ( Ù I 20 M& hz + S :K 'L D K (
.!(D1G !T 'L 1 r
( 0. PG OK S -f
Child K ( He pays attention ( 0 Understanding C (
Cradle ( f Continuation ( G ( He wrote wrong by
mistake
?
EW


3#< 0O. %
.:C C C !5& SK< + !T .g=" ( ;L ( 1# S( :( ;1T S;R >L& %D
S( ( (%O × :gK4<& SKDBD .S( ( ; :( ;1T ( $ P( 0 K ES%C zN (EGj ( ;C K< PG :5&
( L (D p( ( K< 9K "(K .( K ( ;L _
( 1 C sM& SK;( 1 SL;-C < S;D .4a hz .( L;
:K ;< ( ; (D 2"D (# O( K4SK :L%4D 5N .( ( ( (D p(K< 9( " _ ( 1
oN K 1 G& ._ ( 2 r ( 0.T K U;1 0 G S PG ._ ( 2 r ( 0O j (D P( "= 0
.4G !K W .!< ($G qb SD SD (g* 8 H 4O
q( <j 8
( O1 _
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.( gKF × p(4 PG :G (Oº × p(4 P(G :D .3) @
a D( M4f
oj %
( $ oN S> SL-E1 * T4 .'(D ST S;R / SL; g= & %D :D
!(*4kT S2 Q (t0 .!"D eL ("KD ( StS × L S S !";< I
U; * M K1
q( . '( & oN K Gj q zN .( , P(G b 0% 3C "1 8 4K -C 0K .# SD ×
./
( . 'C C &C T4 3b "1T 1 C0- 8 4 E%C
.:< ^ t4 ( T 3( ="$T !K #* o& M2 ( 1k oN ( P(G ¦( " (T I;C -C 5 S
g 9G M ., q( 4( SKL 9G 2 ( "5( 5 3( E (D H (T !< ^ t4 K < BEtS * zN
. . × ( S%S PG nDS> q(. PG xT ST& K 0
(1) The author has indicated the problem of people who focus too much on the rituals of worship and ignore the
practical matters of life. They continue to perform “Wudu” due to their dissatisfaction but they ignore the big
directives of Shari’ah about earning by lawful meanings. They are very careful about non-obligatory things but
ignore the obligatory matters. Similar situation is mentioned by the Prophet Jesus $ 3S; !";< in his famous
Sermon of Mount.
(2) Islamic teachings are very relaxed and Islam does not like being doubtful for minor things. Caliph U’mar
performed Wudu from a jar of Christians when he visited Jerusalem.

"5) %
'T .n "W n "5 K -10 ML k"# !K <K 0 D 3 ( E"5( × L SS :";< I; >& %D
(D ML S2"D ( 6 3L ="2* E:* M N . ( %S P< 3L K ( 7K* L <º !K *SL* !";< ~K S( S0K
.¦
( " 3( E#( ( "= 2 C W E"* % MS2"D 3( ="2 × ~ K S S0 % .!("5 ( W × Oa O * !(;%
MC F 0K .3 9" × MC S;10 :L .3( q& × hz MS;10 .( *(
K ( !K *KSK0
d
a ";TN :KgEC »N .I S Sg 3 × I ( ;- 4 SK K sM& S;10 ´ .hT MC 0 :KTS;%
.:2T4 < ="> ;< :5& ( S1 P< !T MC KFE" * L¦" g ::C q% .:C P0+
)) %
D .(47G P(G 4( zj ( ( (*
( ( >N × SS ";< I; >& %D
4( & × K U2C 0 hz =" !K ( 0 .( O( P="T @ ( 8 0(# × ¦ L * qL F*
( . ( 4( 7G ( "-* PG M- 3( * × ;l ? = ;2C 0K ´ !5& =:;10 :C ."51G × (*

.( 2 (D :K*O< !T 8
= E G N
;< 0OK0 M& G( &L M( k;K$ d
( ;,G oN b 4 'C PG qb )G :L)G .:"< 4a g
Sg >L& 1T 3n EG gK"1K0 g4K 2C 0K
( K K
( 47G (D K E5B0 L O0K C > BCD .(
P "= 5(, 4 O oN OK 0 (T .d
( ;( , ( G K 3( < G ( O( S -G P< 'b D hz 9G
.'( -C 1 ( -CT( !";< :K 2L 0
1T %
.x> ;"; ( S" × !5SK(70 T4 . x4g !5K4( "D .M- 3( Q -T >& b %D
(51G × K 20 ."5 × 2 J(5Gj ( 0O( L& × EO * :KTS;% .!T (,* :KK$ ( &
4( (< 9(t S(T K (10 !"(g S5 p(G( & < ? K -( 0 !(< S(T °1E0 p(( F T ( F = "( .MC -
.:( rL " PG 1 r" PG !T zL ;C 0 .!(G
They recite intensely MC K4( 0 He becomes elegant, he
displays style
K E5B0 They are not shaken MC F 0K

.( TSL-1K K $G SD !"(g S5 p(G & * :L .3G G ;"; S" × o1* ^ _ &% PG
^ 3L G hz sM& P0 .p( z( C;((T 0 !T zL ;C 0 &L -0 SD Pa "= ( 8
a SW ! MS20 % T4
^ ( 3L UC 4 O& S .!(*SW × !(* nzN .pK 1 T=& G 8"g .!(G K ( o1* !5
.1f rL " PG g 5N ^ ( 3s .!T pKA( > U;1 * .!("AC !(*SW oN C 5 G o1*
$Gl %
MSL( 0 "D :g C 0# 0j SGW .g SGW T4 .( S T >& %D
M( 0 PG 4( kD6 < ( . PG :5SkT .T( P(G :gA( S> " P(G :$
( &
:5& SD ._ K SL-T& I
( S S* ( g .:a "< 4a hz .q( SKL ( S5& PG
.:H "; I
H ;-T ^ *& PG :K ;( $K0 »N .8"g .MSK;( $K0
O$ %
.~( ;< K 2( K0 ( 2f P<
( 1fT ( Gj ( "#l 0A × 8 = >& >& %D
x2( G R T zN .3C F1 C 0 I
;C AC ?
K< ( "= 7T :gG& zN .!$5 $0 ( "= 7T :gGB0
& !($;,G × ~ K 9K ,* % “E;< 2( K* ?"2D .I K $
( K 5&” :q% I ( !";< 2C 5&
b G< .( I L 1 $ y 0 !K t K C 5N .qS- !";< ° C ;C & !< E>B* PG .p(,$G
.!";< &L ,* pK"= ( ,$fT % S !5&
!";< = G % !("(
( % × MC Uz& pK"= S .o1* ^ ML z0 !5& PK 0 ML z 0K PG :G 'T
.H "= > ;< !5& P0 H ,$G GN K E"-C 0 PG :KG K= K+ - C > & : (” :q% .L G"-(
K:;C <& !G K 4& M MN pK"= %C S !5& :!G< .( ,$f K GN !5N :qC -0 M& !Kt 5N
.hz !";< 'C -L C
He became harsh & violent ?

K< Talking aimlessly M( 0 He enjoys zL ;C 0
More pious
K 4& Preferred (but not
obligatory)
_
K He fasted everyday g SGW

1T$ %
:gg S K( Uk0 ´ .:TS;% SK%( 0K ´ .à ( 0f C 2(T K4 >& %D
C 2Ý 5=4 :MSS-0 .hT MC SLE 0 :g * .:g(OT b -;1G :KTS;% 5 T4 .:A ST
4 MN .C 2Ý b -;1G :KTS;% 3H ;T S5S20 M& :C K S %j sMj M4G :g .n
( 0fT 4 MN .o1* ^ E ° C 2Ý 4 M{D .4( S, E °
C ( 0 M& !";< I
K ,
( 0 :gK &
S .( g( ST M4G g hz ;< 4K ( -0 PG .:; !";< ^ s;W ( ° C (
I 1 W& G .H "= -D ;< (T @ 0 ( -L;T( !K$5 ` K $* T4 .8"g .:"(,K* MC Ck" sM&
.!(;% !( 4( S °
( (T !(*4Û PK $ & G l (34,Ý ?"2D .;l × 3( 4 ,K
G) %
= E .( ( $T P( 2C $ P(G M( K T ~
( ; ( 1k PG = 1 (%C q( f × 8
= g( + >& %D
( BT 'L K * 5N 3L OgF .p( , ( 0 × MSK 4 hz 9G :g .O( EgFK C *4 = C 4 O& 5&
:( C <BT yT .P( 0Gj ML S g& S* -;D .( gKF O( E, K T( & ° ( <ST & :( ; 1T GN :H "R&
._K %& ( G$ oN M pº * qC f >& S .q( f PG :K <& p º sM{D .8 ( 2;
E-C * T4 .:(T 2C G ?" S0 ´ ."5 × O( gF PG :5& :T M4G g
.( - ;< y "j
qL f Ck1K0 PG :G .qH > (AR P< Sg 13C S ;7 K (K0 PG :G .!(;1T I K ,
( 1K0 PG :G
O ER PG :G .~ ( zC P(G ?a > ."5 × I a 4 Sg pg+ 'kT qC -0 M& n C "(> pL>B0 D
9( " × Sg MC - :K (70 H 14 ? & n )CG ( S" × s; 0K .9( G( S, q<& × !($5 ;<
.8( 2; I
( ,K1 ( 2 ( 0 PG p("= k* p(-* I ( ;- 3L < G ! Kk( 70 hz
(1) It is practice of ascetic people that they prefer loneliness and spend their entire time in worshipping Allah. The
Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W forbade that and directed to give full rights of one’s family. Such people also ignore other
important directives of Islam.
It contented
= 1 (%C He gives `
K $* They do not watch SK%( 0K ´
He put pressure O ER It became ascetic (left
worldly desires)
8
= g( + Two walls (Makkah
& Madina)
MC Ck"

K ;L >K .S-* z PG 3b 4z 8"g .8 ( $. C C ( (T `

K ( * 3g 3C O1 sM& P0 Ý4
:! qS-0 PG qH S-T 0 % Å . ( 4( SºT
n < q( º q)G& P(G 'L D& ~
( "j ( ;> PG H
: *SKR S .!($5 L "( F* ! K K k0 .h "D .!( (E ( & ^ "& 1}4j O( *& PG h5N
K ( 0 :!K E P( q% T4 .!T hz '1D PG g H 2 P="*G & 8 H G C x xGS0
. xT& h ^
1 %
K 3( T K ( 0 3n 4D ./
( ( T gO < := 1 0K ´ 'D S ;< = W >& %D
3( E#
( ( o1* ^ ( PG "= > .3n UC ( 0 3( K , ( 0 D .'( D S pg q( )G& '( "; 3( W
MST-f _ K -C *K G” ::s; !";< ^ s;W !CS% $0 . ( %S q( & × 3( 4 O K ;< !(W
“.:";< ^ !K t D G '(
DBT
Kg & :MtD M( $56 ;| !K% K "
0K Kg & M( 5 & .8SL0 >| 8 K SL0
/
( 1T :K 0=-* /
K G( 5N .3b g C " 1f sM{D . * M& P(G )& hz K 5 . x4G MC
}D ;< 2M( "<j } ( D ¤( -* ('D S ;< ; / ( ¤( - H/1T ;< 8 ( <k
.p=" (T % G ;< (T : % ( 802
;< 3( S ( ¤( -* ')G 8SL0 G ¤-* .!5O G ;< M( "<j } ( D PG :gj ¤-*
× 4K P2 .!K * 0K hz C C 0 M& K 1 : C <& G .p }
( K-L ;< P( 0 ¤K -* .( S
.:v :< ^ t4 :( ;1 × MC S7 ( ;1 N !";< 4-0 Ja > a "%O I ( "*
(1) It is a false believe spread widely among Sufi circles that there are certain people who are the pegs of the earth.
The earth will be destroyed if such pegs are removed.
(2) Religious obligations have two categories: Those which are obligatory on each person e.g. prayer, fasting etc.
They are called V1 }D. There are some obligations which are the responsibility of Muslims as a community. If
some of them discharge them, it is discharged from all of them e.g. funeral prayer etc. They are called 02 }D. If
a person focus on 02 }D but ignore the V1 }D, he is deceived by the Satan.
Pegs O( *& Bags ~

( "j Scale, balance to measure C C (

:L% D( q( SGj _
( T4& P 04f P(G :r) ?
oj %
K K 0 G .( ; ®
0(4 8
( CAT( ~
( 4 f ( $f ( T( ;< MSKW( 0 :G %D
MS0 :g .:gK& 8 ( Sf 1T (-0 :gKz pK U;7 "( !";< ( ( |T :gQ=& MSK20 .~
( ;
:V PG !"D % .hT 3C f S- :5&
StE1* % :g .3( 4SL 8, R 8 ( K# :( ; PG gSK$ % :5& :Kg &
(G oN gEO4 ( TS × :";< I SD .($ × ^ Q S < % M zC {D .($ × ^ ( 7$
.`( f :g& × LDW I K SD St-5 a & :G (0 ´ M{D .:(C4( oN & ¥ " & S5 MN
5N .8
K SK0 !LK 0 !< ($0 MH "T × 3H D & P "= $f ;< L %C C :K gj ML S20 T4
. 3L s 3L # y 0 g ;6 :($5BT MS0 :5& :Þ) !S
.!(AT × Pa 2( $KG ( f EI sMj .hT !$5 ` = $* :C V
H 2$G ;< x40O ( K0 M& :G a &
"5) %
P(G 3b 4G 0& g ($f ;< pSL-C 5& . SK qC . S$ T4 >& %D
¥ -D p(;T & p(4 S × MS20 T4 !5{D .( ) ( 1 = $ IK ;A 0 :Kg & :V
.p("= P< ³ K F( ,K"D pK 9K G( º G }
K 3b =") $f sM{D .¡:g& :"N qC f
K = W

5N .MC SKG y - P "= $f _ H 4O ' × H U2( s' × ,$f (T } K d"
P G( !";< ( ) P(G 9K $0 C .~ VT hz 4( SKL ( $f ( T × q( f 9K DO :";< E?>
5N Ia C !( ";< !K KE"5( 5N .hT :;<& ^ .^ ( ( "= ( 'L 10 Sg ^
( 'L 10 !5& PL"D (;7
.o1* ^ !5& 8 K %C :q%
Road, street H U2( Bribery R Monasteries 8
( CAT(
Path _
H 4O Good reputation ( 1 = $
Cisterns, reservoirs ®
0(4

_
( SL;%L L ;C ( # < K w ( SL-KT ("(0F* ( $f ( DC >K+ (D hz K
0K !5& :(5)
SKg .I ( ;- 4( SK K P< 3 (D ( SK#7 K P( < :L; #* "N MKL 0 :5j P "= ; K
.,$;( (5 ( %4 × SD :(*W ( "= × :(*W × P "= ; f ;< &C AC s; .OK SK -
.!";< SL;2( E*D nD1G 2( K C&4 :5& ( g 4K .!H ST( ( ,$f P "= 0(F* '
( 0 zN
)) %
'C D( (T MS;k0 .V$f - ;< 8 ( % × qC SGj MSL-( 0 >& %D
M0 .$ ( × @ K MSg20 .
( 1; ( #D6 K 2# !K *KO < PG ( - PG .C 1Gº
.P="1( :K5 "= S* T4 .x5 :"; :G pL>K B0 ( ( "= -; (% Q >N
K $ :KC SK0 .I H T . K )L20 M( GF > × :< ^ t4 ~< PT q% h
.q( G( 4( C-( P="T pK"= 1T :g( BT SK0 .P "= TS;$G P "= G,KG MSK1 K0 @ ( + × :C L$ K0
“.pK K U-C 0 !"( S0K D !( oN 4a SBG Kp4K
1T %
MS;#0 '( 7 :( 2á 5S2$K0 qC SGj MS0 .q SGj _ ( T4& PG >& %D
M- :> '"; "% 4 ( " .-5 oN "D MC S0 ( "0 8 ( O1T
.qf
( >{T !(1C% oN MSÍ :D .:(AT ;< oS % h
;f 'CQ 7 sMj M4G g
R& % .b E" !TS × = ;>O PG qL )G :L)G .< MS;(#G :g 'H D I ( ;k(T S;RD
? " ( ". !( (C C P(G .y !T P 2L $"( P "= (,
= 2C $
K I
( ;kT < qb S#G :g .( ;<
* V
2$f :q-D .3 ( S "= ) x5D sMN :(D ( # '"% h hz oN K 0
SD .P( "= $f ;< @ K 56 9(,;( ( 1k K 1AN g qL 5N .p("= q × 'C > O !K C
.( -; !(1G "5K; !(1 9G !(*W PG !($5 9( 0(S,* PG ! 'L D&
He is near to ;<
R& Captured (in trouble) 4a SBG Decoration ( DC >K+

Juice of lemon with water
(good for yellow fever)
P "= (,
= 2C $
K He comforts J( S0K They relied on SL;2( E*
Yellow fever y It seized oS Desert & sand q( G( 4( C-(

$Gl %
5Sâ :5N Å .-D 3F ( OBT N :S5 ` K $* D .'7 :";< I; >& %D
(D OK O 0 :KG( 70 PG - PG MSL;k0 P< MSKC 0 ( (O r ( "l qf PG
.}a C !"D :v PG .( Gl × :C 4( ,i( '( -$f (D !"N 0 PG & .:(*
.b (F= G p< hT qC "( (!("#7(T K ( $0 PG( (42 PG H !("1T ¬ H 7R oN 5SK;$K0
.o1* ^ 9a "kG !5& P0 .4a G !K ( W .'( 1 ; b (KG ( E"(; a $
( KG hz ' .!( (T K S-"D
.q SGjT M4G !)G& p D .p("= PG xtS <( o1* ^ 3( O1T IL;k0 zN .a ( D Sg
O$ %
-< .( d ( Û 4( Sá . - q SGj _T4& ;l S< PG >& %D
MKO °
( <S
( ( O( E,
GK ;< :C M& MS0 3b O< hz 7*D .:"2K0 :"K0 hz sM&
´ zN .="l × b 4 (5S2 dÛ 'D sMj M4G :g . x& Ú L 1* MC O '( 1
D '1 ;< r 1* ´ MN .'1 ;< r L 1 * 5j .3b OSÍ L ."D > D L ® ( ( *
9K $0 T4 !(2K"D ( $ ( % !K %L 4( !K ;L >( 0K »N .°<S P(G !K1$0 (T 0 T4 ."D "= >
:qS-0 !( 00 VT K ( 0 q F0 D nDS7 GK xG
J *(&L % !5& P0 !^T N 3S% qS ^ J ($ !^ . !^T zS15 !:= ; K 0
G 9K $0 .( EA( j d ( (,G oN K K 0 / ( 0f qL )G !L)G .4G Sg .!s; ( "= lT
9K (Cº .hT C K , ( 0 !5& P0 (T 'L ( #0 .;L -( 10 ( 0( Oj P(G !K 5SL( 0
.hC1D& 5(KT( K " *K n C W
( hG K " 0K H°< ' 2D .30; L 1( Aj ! ?
K ( 0 PG p< K K 0
b E, K 3b O0+ °
L <S hD ' 1* ´ M N .0S% n %N 'C E-C * ."5 P( < } E1 * ^ ;< 'C E-C *
. x4G h n ;C "( !K 0&4 z{D .h";<
Learning lesson Ú
L 1* Nullifying (destroying)
b (KG Biting him (by snake) !( (C C
He breathes (to show
impact of fear)
K ( 0 It blazes ®
( ( * Starving 9( 0(S,*

( DC S K P 04f PG :9T ?

!!P04f g ;< 4K I
;C & G
oj %
SKT#D .( " ( k( F(T .^ !K ( < PG N M( GF g '( g& L DS G :G
:( SG& :(* kW :( G :(T O :(& :(i"g :0+ × ( "DS P(G V %O
~
( & @
( AN 9G 3( O ,$ ;< ~ ( S;º 3( 3( 4k 1 ¬ ( % ( $ × 3( g
("( × (r0. × 8 ( S /( > × ( 1 ~ ( 5& × ( 2f I ( ", × !(>ON
.:("(,K0 hz sM& S hz SKU;1 * ;D .hz oN
PG ( g( P( A ( "= k* × I ( ;C-;( 2 ( %C f ( t0( 3( g,KT
§ %( :$5& SK1 0 :C
8( K# ( . ;< MC SK(20 :ÑN Å .( "D( SK q( +G PG hz ' .( ";( , ( "( 7
4( |
3 . ( "= ( k(- ( "= - ;< M0 .. d ( ;( ? ( "( × MSK$D( 0 .V A$ q( SG&
qL )G :L)G .M4G g .!(t P(G H R × !K C C> G / H 1T } ( <& :K1T @ K F 0K
:(0(FT( = E0F D M( S0 × :g£=& = C P "= ;*-f qC kTj MC 1,# sM& = 1 ( += SK,<K
P "=
( $* G& :C '"-D . S +a S,< 8 = SD .} ( 1 M( F"G ;< = t1D .h ( ;f oN = ;W
.
= *G . C D '( " qC S gSK kC D .'" qC S gSK A h;fT ( 4( ( ×
(1) $ means listening Sufi music. The music is so inspiring that people start dancing devotedly.
(2) 3g, means refraining from food, drinks, sex and fasting continuously. ( t0( means practicing Sufi rituals.
( %C f means meditation. Sufis practice these things to purify their souls. Majority of such practices are invented by
the Sufis. They have nothing to do with Islam because Islam forbids Monasticism.
(3) Sufism is centered towards Monasticism or leaving the worldly desires. Ghazali himself was a Sufi. He is
describing the situation of such Monks upon who were so captured by the worldly desires that they used to compete
with each other on minor things like a tiny spot on a date or internal membrane of a date.
They compete MSK$D( 0 Yelling, screaming
( "( Sufi, related to
Sufism
( DC S K
Loaf of bread ?
( "( They did not tire SK1 0 ´ Dress F
Money d
( ; Meditation ( %C f Bowing down @
( AN
Carelessness 4( ( They rush to MC SK(20 Taking a deep sigh ( 1 ~
( 5&

"5) L %
t( _") 3( zC CT( × y % ";& %D
0F P(G TK = , ( * ´ .
( S T g C* M& 8O 4& .P( 2C $f ` ( 2C f :( 1kf × M( K(T
3( O ,$
( -C "(% ¦ ( S "$
( 8 ( 1Ös%K = ;A .: $ 0(T6 EF7 = D .:(0(FT(
.: $ 0T6 Fl ( "% PG )& K "(% .( C SK
1.P
"= A$ qC SG& 'C C &C .u ( "1 C 4 :Kt 5N !KAT ?"2D .3n g n " 1G MC SK(,0
( g sMj .¾ ( SK ;L 4( t P(G R& ( g 4K t . "= 7 :($5BT MS0 hz 9G :g
:((DC ;< 9 ;( A L M N .:(g I ( $T MS2"D K "= :(T -0 .F(T _ S;- MSL%( $0
.@
( A6 ;< ( "D( SK C T( K "KD .h
S 'C g& EPC T4
)) %
× ( G+f q( SKWSK 8G-f 3( + ,GK . 3( g#GK ( C R C2K : ;<
= < EO >& %D
P(G K ;C 0K .:( 6 °
( ;T !"N 'C W
.hz
K ( 10 .2 _ ( L- oN qL SKWSK O( SK# K V

(<
.gOK 0 SD .8 H ; ( Gk Ú
( j
(1) Since the kings used to take taxes from people unjustly, therefore, pious scholars and Sufis avoided taking
money from a king. (2) The meaning of these terms is: ( C R C2K is getting an insight into something by dream or
daydream. . 3( g#GK is observing the divine reality. 8G-f 3( +,GK is crossing the checkpoints in the spiritual
journey. O( SK#
K V
( < is direct observation of the divine reality. q( SKWSK is reaching and merging into God.
Do you know? The objective of Sufism is to observe the reality of God and the universe by the internal
eyes. They have assumed certain points for the person who is in the journey of discovery of God. They
perform a lot of hard spiritual exercises for that. Islam forbade such practices. But the Muslims Sufis
adopted such practices from Christian, Zoroastrian and Hindu Mysticism. According to the Quran,
nobody can observe God in this world.
Ghazali also describes that there are certain Sufis who do not know anything about the spiritual journey
but they look with disdain at religious scholars and consider them MSTS,Í i.e. behind the veil from the
divine reality.
Thieves ¾
( SK ;L Parchment 8
( 1Ös% K Silk EF7

Their scandals :((DC Apron, napkin ¦
( S A special type of
silk, very expensive
: $
0(T6

P 0($K P "= (( -K - oN 0 Sg .P0>| V j :;< PG C;<& hz sM& PK ;( 10
! sD K "( s sM& .( S1 P( <
n CD ( 4O( + P( "= 1T ( ;1
( W& P ="((

.3n O1G xG0& :KG+( K0 .!" h
K (
4 j 4( & P< K (7K0 . S P< :;20 !5B gOOK0 pK D .L C ( F 8 ;2 h ;* ?
K -;C 0
:;1 × qS-0 .MK1 GK ¥ & :O1 × qS-"D .( ;1 O1 9" hT K -( $0
.MC SKTSK,G r
( 0.T :5N
< .V -Df 4( E,L P(G ^ < Sg .P "= T-f PG !5& .( . oN 'L W ( S !5& !$ <0
x;C% I
K %( 0K .n-;L >K _
K 0K .n;(<
§ %( := 2L 0 :C .V
;gº C- K P(G _( S;- _ ( T4&
.:C PK $ & M :K1C 0 (T SL; R S .8
( 50 ( "(;* S
( * S(
1T %
4W .I ( ;- ( s-(T
( ;R qC . ( ;A qC <j ( $ BD g 8 = 4 >& %D
p(g ( -"- ;<
H SL% ( "= PG I
K t '( S ( gKF P(G 8 G-f <= 0 :gK &
!a ( !5& :K < F0 .o1* ^( EI S <0 PG :D .(*D (*G< (AR 8 ( G-f
o1* ^ I <"D .a L b <T g 3n D 8 x "> o1* ^T 'C E"7 0 % !s;1 .o1* ^(T
.§ %( 4K S 0 hz .!KD1G 'C "(%
( * P< .o1* ^ ( G& ;< !($5 Sg 4K C)0N .o1* ^ pK 20 G H %4G P(G SL;70 !5N :L
/
K %( 0K hz ' sM& (40 d" .o1* ^ PG " C * G > S .( ;l P(G ¥ " 4( SGj
`
"K( 1 OH + PG (O S }
K SK7"D 'S ( <C- oN '"K0 T4 :K1T .EI K
.V1=& :< ^ t4 ( T ? ( ;$ P< ' -L * ´ b <T hz sM& (40 d" .'L S
(1) It was a widespread false belief in Sufis that arranging resources for something e.g. taking provisions during
travel is against trust in Allah. Ghazali is refuting such view. Islam asks to do your effort and then trust in Allah.
Fool, stupid C-

K Disdain, condemn ( 4O( + Peasant, farmer

Passionately in love !a ( Enslaved laborers MK1 GK ¥ & Weaver h
K (

:g O F M>B0 S5 'T .O F ( = *

( T 3( A7f '( sS P(G (TW &) SK( DC G
P(G IH ;< 'SG Sg O F K K 0 T4 g .O( F ;< o1* ^ ;< MS;SKG
5z % .a S% g< % .4a "D sN ( ",
( K 8
( G-f P(G K -G G .!T C-E* _
( j
.( " 6 × 8 ( ",
( f 9K TK4 "D 8
( D| 'C >( GK
$Gl %
s-*
= ;C g= & .¬
l qC . !G = ;A 8
SL- G& ($5& ;< = -C E"t >& %D
!($;G !(1kG × qC . '=g& PG :G .3( S ( ; l pg ( "= × ( 4 Sº I( ;-
× q( 2T N O( 1 PG } ( 0 ´ o1* ^ sM& V2$f 4( 0 ´ .hz × K 1 "D !($2G
.4G SD /
1 'C g= & /
1 9 * PD (8<k
O$ %
xGS% SK1 , D .( "D( S ; C Gl K % .( $
9( t
( S ( ;K7 P $ = < EO >& %D
=")2 :Kt 5N .q; x1 "5K ( Ck ( ( b 2C R hz 7* .:G (> Ss;2*
8( K# ( . PG MSK1,0 :5N :L .L "1( L Gl :t sM& MC K( K0 :g .="2
K ( K0 M( k;$ q( SG& PG L >K B0 :K1T .:K= ( GlT K#0 :K<*& )2" :";< SL-C "(
.@
K 56 ( :t sM& :<F0 .( "DS ;< ® ( 0A × " gL>K B0 :1T .:";<
>BT :gt4( . xg o1* ^ ( G & 9 ",( :(=g{T hz .( 1 $ y 0 :1" r L <( T
^ ,$G K 1 0K P .. 0A × !CG K ( K0 :hz q)G .!G @56 .
.341 p % sM& :K < F0 3( 4 1(T !K K"kC 0K o1*
Face the Challenge!

Describe the difference between J(Tkl _S;j J(TOj _S;j J;1 _S;j .
Identify two examples of each in this lesson.
He plasters PK "kC 0K Worldly desires "5K ( Ck ( Risks, problems 8

( D|

1T$ %
MS-10 K4W .(TS"< PG d ( "= k* @>j I ( 0* 3( g,T
= ;R >& %D
9" × :D .:C n D x;< (< > D1G d ( _( S"< P< r C 7*D ."D
× g :MSS-"D .(*D × 2 ( "%O ¦ ( d _ ( S"< P< ¬ ( T MC S;#0 q( S j
hz × SK1E"t .H $ E;C KG 8
H ;2T "D MS;#0 .I H "< "< !(5S × L ; .I a "< d (
8
( %BT 'C R PG qL )G :L)D .:(-7(T SL;( #0 ´ .:($5& 9G SL% :5B .:*%&
.®. P< !( (K0 :C hz .®. 0A h = ;( $0 ´ .!(-( S< ®

G) %
s;2D .D1f _
K ST& :C = C 5 .0k SL;K L& T .*f pg 8 = + >& b %D
:KTS;%
= -s;1D .K ( :K,
<& .(T SK ( D G SK, ( 1K* b
( 4 ( D1f ³
( O( GK P(G SR
.:g=" ;< g(O (R :";< (TT ( 5 ( "( " × "D s2 "N 8 ( T
"-* .H TSK,<& s' 9G ? %C PD .b 0(5 C d" o1* ^ ( 0A I K (,< Mj .4a hz '
!( 5( "G _
K T C& D .h
H ;( G ;< % PG qL )G !)G .( -f oN qL SWS E .pk> 8 = %C (T
"N K L 0 ?%SD .C;)G &4 .hz 'C % g4 % P= 20 ´ .4a S5& 4a g+& "D b t4
.x(>
5D h
( ;T Q -; !K K2( K0
K %S !K *D
Worth Reading
What is ostentation and what is its impact on the personality of a
person? What will be the impact of ostentation on the Deeds Account of
a person in the real life i.e. Hereafter? Read in English.
Obstacles ( ( S< Profession, vocation n D Travel, entering SL;K

Lesson 6A: Special Types of Metaphorical Meanings /0(1 02( 341
Dear Reader!
In previous lessons, we have studied the+Û !"#*.
Analyzing things in a one-sided way is
We have learnt how the words are used in different biasness. Islam requires us to be unbiased
meanings in Arabic. Some additional forms of such
even with our enemies.
use are as follows:
341T +,G
341T +Û is a special type of +Û in which , a word is used in replacement of other. We borrow a word
or phrase to use it in another meaning. The condition is that a similarity must exist between the literal and
metaphorical meanings. For example (
4 CfT a & Q (A lion came at the school). Here the word & (lion)
is an 341 for a brave man. The correct translation will be, “A brave man came at the school.”
The word ‘lion’ is borrowed to describe a ‘brave man’ due to perceived bravery of a lion. The similarity may
not be the real one. It may be perceived by the native people. In this example, the lion is considered brave by
the native people whereas it is not brave as per modern zoological research. Based on their perception, the
native people started using this word to describe their brave people. Similarly, the moon is used in different
languages as an 341 for ‘beauty’. Therefore, an 341 my be correct from the linguistic perspective but
may be wrong in the reality.
The above mentioned rule is applicable to all languages. In all languages, we use the sentence, “The sun
rises.” It is against the scientific reality that the sun does not rise. It is a region of the earth which comes in
front of the sun. Therefore, we should always understand the Quranic 341 by its linguistic use. It is a
wrong approach to interpret the Quranic 341 by applying scientific research on it. Another wrong
approach is to deny the concept of 341 , and start interpreting each word in its literal meaning. In above
mentioned example, a person with such approach will think a real lion came to the school.
Sometimes, an 341 becomes so common in use that people ignore the literal meaning of a word. For
example J-GK (a careful person) is used to describe “a God-fearing person” because he / she is careful about
the behavior required by God. It is rarely used in its literal meaning. Similarly the word a ( D (one who
disconnects) is used to describe “a sinner” because he / she disconnects the relationship with God. It is also
rarely used in its literal meaning.
Difference of 341 and !"#*
The 341 is different from !"#*. In !"#*, both items under comparison are described in clear words. For
example ( j a 0+ (Zaid is like a lion) is a !"#*. On the contrary a & a 0+ (Zaid is a lion) is an 341 .
341 is considered more powerful than the !"#*, because it results in making a picture in the mind of the
audience.

( 02( T +,G

( 02( T +,G is similar to 341 in which , a word is used in replacement of other. We borrow a word or
phrase to use it in another meaning. The difference between an 341 and 0 is that in 0, the word or
phrase can be interpreted in its both literal and non-literal meanings whereas in 341 , the literal meanings
are not applicable. For example: Khansa < ^ t4 was a famous poet of Madina. She wrote a poem about
her brother. A verse of that poem is: R
G zN O( G
K )C :O1( 9K "(D4 O( , '0SA (His sword-case is long, his
pillars are high and in winter, he has huge quantities of ash.)
The phrase O( , '0SA (His sword-case is long) is true in its literal meaning. In non-literal meanings, it
stands for his bravery. He had a long stature and a long sword. The phrase O1( 9K "(D4 (his pillars are high) is
also true in its literal sense that the pillars of his house might be high. In figurative meanings, it stands for
his respect in his tribe. The phrase O( G
K )C (he has huge quantities of ash) is also true in its literal sense. In
figural meanings, it stands for his generosity and helping poor. He used to arrange huge quantities of food
for poor people. The food was cooked by burning wood which resulted in huge quantities of ash in his
compound. So the phrase O( G
K )C became a 0 for the generosity.
/01*
/01* is a special type of 0 in which , a person says something which he / she does not want to say in
clear words. Usually it is to express an opposition or protest in the way of +Û. The objective is to criticize
the opponent in a ridiculous way.
For example, in the verse: P= G(
($= -( (T MC KGK B 0 P 0(U MC SL;K- 0 ( "= T( V
"(E MC SL;K- 0 !( U; 8
( 0(T MC KL 2 0 P 0(U UMN(
:H "(&C _
H C1 T( := gK = #DC ~
( E (Verily those who deny Allah’s signs, kill the prophets in an unjust manner and kill
those who demand for justice, so give them the good news of a painful punishment.)
Here the word : = gK = #DC (give them the good news) is a /01*. Actually it is bad news but called good news to
criticize the offenders in a ridiculous way.
Face the Challenge!

What is 0% in case of figurative speech? Give one example.
Worth Reading!
How to get rid of poverty? Is there any shortcut available?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0004-Poverty.htm

Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and analyze the components of 341 as given in the
Analysis J(T<

#T °
!( U; 8 ( 0(T MC KL 2 0 P 0(U UMN(
J-"- Ò1G
Give them good news
( "= T( V "(E MC SL;K- 0
Give them the bad news +Û Ò1G MC KGK B 0 P 0(U MC SL;K- 0
/01* :$% := gK = #DC ~
( E P= G( ($= -( (T
(3:21) : H "(&C _
H C1 T(
The news of punishment cannot be good news. It is
0%
definitely bad news.
°
J-"- Ò1G E H &C P= G( M( ;1 0K G
+Û Ò1G CD b = D( PK
= 5 E5N( SL-0
:$% (2:102) = L 2 *
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G
MC SLQ $* (U ! U; SL-E*
+Û Ò1G
(4:1) 4= j
Q !( T(
:$%
0%
Rule of the Day

In J"WS* IG, you will find that the W is following its
SWSG in case, gender,
number and specification. On the contrary, in ±tN IG, the !"N
G will
always be in case.

Analysis J(T<

°
J-"- Ò1G G P = K2 0 M &C EPK C '
( 0
M N( EP( G( 4= &C J(D !K U; ;C >
+Û Ò1G
( >( | ( S= " !( U;(T EPG( = 0K EPL
:$%
(2:228)
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G _
t
T( := gK K &C #TK CzN(
+Û Ò1G !K K = U'C n )CG P( = E;(
:$% (43:17) .: a "(C S gK nOS $
= GK
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G q
K C / = ( >=
+Û Ò1G
_E4 ' %L ( = E P= G(
n(W
J(5"ET4 C K = 4=
:$% (17:24)
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G h
( CN( 0 := K t =
+Û Ò1G H SK ( "= C P= G( Q "= T
= K 7= *
:$% (20:22) > = &L n 0
0%

Analysis J(T<

°
J-"- Ò1G r
L DC E ( " C ;C "= C := 2L C U' ( &L
+Û Ò1G := 2L C ~
a ( EPgK := 2L ($5( CN(
:$% (2:187) EP K C ~ a ( := K5=&C
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G := 2L "= ;C < F 5C& = %C O J(T 0
+Û Ò1G
n#0(4 := 2L *(=S (4 S0K n(
a "= > h (zC S- E ~ K (
:$% (7:26)
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G P E"0 E SKT R= SL;L
+Û Ò1G
P= G( / K "T=jQ L "= 7
:= 2L C
( ,
= C P= G( O( S = jQ
( "= 7
:$% (2:187)
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G
J g( ' %L ( U;g( jQ P= < h
5SLBC$
= 0
+Û Ò1G ® ~ ( E;(
K "(% SG
:$% (2:189)
0%

Analysis J(T<

°
J-"- Ò1G SK*L& P 0(U P= G( a 0(DC C 5
+Û Ò1G
Q 4 !( U; _
( _ 2(
.MC SK;C 1= 0 := K E5BCC := g( 4( SKL
:$% (2:101)
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G pK "= " = BCDC n="G MC C P= G &C
+Û Ò1G J(D !( T( J(#= 0 n4SK5 !K C ; 1
:$% (6:122) ~ ( E
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G !K = G( K ;C $
= 5 'L "= U; := K C b 0
+Û Ò1G MC SK;( GK := gK Cz{(DC 4 E
:$% (36:37)
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G 5( %C = G P= G( )C1 T P= G ;C 0= 0
+Û Ò1G @
W PK = E < G Cg
:$% (36:52) M C SL; = K
0%

Analysis J(T<

°
C;< C 5GjQ t = < E5N(
J-"- Ò1G q( ,( } ( 4= jQ 8 ( S E$
+Û Ò1G P - C R= &C ; (
= 0 M &C P "= TBCDC
:$% !K E5N( ML $5=6( ;C = G(
(33:72) n SK nGSL;C MC C
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G

H S&C 8
( Cz C;< pK ;
+Û Ò1G
(54:13) H K OK
:$%
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G ;C > (U !K U; := 2L ET4 UMN(
( E( J(D } 4= jQ 8 ( S E$
+Û Ò1G
w
( = 1 C;< S= E:L H E0&C
:$% (10:3) G= jQ K T 0K
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G P= < := K TKSKK CD,*
+Û Ò1G
nD=S> := K ET4 MC SK<= 0 9( (
MC SL-( K0 := gK % + 4 EG( n1AC
:$% (32:16)
0%

Analysis J(T<

°
(T( n5$ = N( P( 0= ( S(T
J-"- Ò1G V
( ( $ G" T= -L
+Û Ò1G (z 4( , V ( ( $
:$% I
( K, K 4( , T= -L
P( T= I( = ,
(T I( ( E
0%
:= 2L 5K0=&C
= 2C ;C G G '( "(E$
(4:36)
°
J-"- Ò1G
y #0 P= ( @
+=
L$K = 0 !K U;
+Û Ò1G
(29:62) p( O( <( P= G(
:$%
0%
°
J-"- Ò1G P= G( qC EF5 P= G := K BC P= i(C
+Û Ò1G
}
4= jQ !( T( " = BCDC G ( E$
!K U; EPLSL-"C *(S= G ( 1= T P= G(
:$% (29:63)
0%
Rule of the Day! In order to express sickness, the words !( T( hT( J(T
are used e.g. x< W
K J(T (I’m suffering with a pain), qb 1K h T( (you’re
suffering with cough) etc.

Lesson 6B: Applying the Procedure of Evaluation of Hadith Authenticity
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study the language used in
When one door of happiness closes,
evaluation of Hadith & its narrators. We’ll study excerpts
from the famous book "1 ;$;$ of J(5 P0 W5 another opens; but often we look so
long at the closed door that we do
(d. 1999CE). We’ve selected those Ahadith in this lesson
not see the one which has been
which are commonly described in people but they are
actually either unauthentic ?"1t or fake StSG.
opened for us.
M & :"-(DG ;< a p(O< P(G y #0 PG( :(T :K -( 0 !(t4& ± ^ ¦
L S 1( # 'L g& Ï 13
.xg x N S*SK0 .:"(GG ;< K 0
P< :;$G PT "S P< :P="-C 0A P(G (4163) “="2 :( ,
1K ” ± 2 J(5 =k !>& .?"1t
^ qS4 I
( W j h*D PT ¤> P< !"T& P< d; PT 3$"G PT _S0& PT Í
.pD :qS-0 :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qL S4 9 ( !5& :; !";< ^ ;W
± ! 'H D ± 3 ""* PT 6 K "R !T E® h !s;1 ( pKg aON g
:P="s;< ! sM{D `
H " T d" (!*OS$G PG 1 / 259 @) “# 'D”
P< :"S q% zN :“M F"f ” ± J(g q% .( 0S( $ d "* d K 0K !5{D ( "S 4 L 1= 1 = < :oj
b E, K SD : q% z{D .P "= T( s P< ds0 !5j H 1(T d";D < +j P< & ®0 PT
.5 ( 0S$ d ( " K "= ) !2 b - Sg : “I0- ” ± °D. q%
;< nDS%SG !T _S0& PT Í :q% 4> PT :)"g nDS%SG p 4 C-D .6 ?
K %S :>yj
.:=0>
(1) It seems that zealous people of Syria fabricated this Hadith to show their priority over the people of Iraq during
their historical conflict. (2) Tabarani (d. 360H) is a famous Hadith expert. He wrote a great collection of Hadith
called 2 :,1f . (3) Ibn Taimiyah (d. 728H) is a famous scholar of Syria.
(4) 1< is a Hadith which is narrated by saying the word P<. This is a general word which does not specify that the
narrator is taken the Hadith directly from the next narrator or there is a missing link between the two narrators. (5)
d"* means hiding the name of an unreliable narrator by using general words like P<. 0S$* means leveling the chain
by omitting unreliable narrators in a way that it is difficult to find. These techniques are used to make a chain of
narrators acceptable. If a person is famous for d"*, the Ahadith described by him by using the word P< are not
accepted because it seems that he is trying to hide the names of certain narrators. (6) ?%S means that the link is
broken at a specific person.

.h d" a SDG !5& ""* PK T : g & `"W pK (498 / 3) = & !>&
x<SDG J5( k p 4 : q% (63 / 4) “I"g I" ” ± 4( C K pK O 4 & rL 0.
.8- K* 4 _ S !s;1 nDS%SG = &
1“.J(2K0 Sg 4 '>O h
K
( 0 Sg I
5z& PG” – 17
:"g TN ST& _S0& PT < :0A PG (96 / 4) 0& 2:"15 ST& !>& .StSG
.-f pO{T 2#" O0+ PT Í MK
!K 4R :q% “ 9Gº ” !T 0& JAS"$ (T O ES ½ r0O j PG Sg
.M PK T !K E : J(g q% _S0& PT 3< !"D :f
± '.D “!5$” “M F"f ” ± J(k%4 pg 4J(5FK !5& K g g K < :
K ;%
åFf ^ < PT 2T P< ( 185 / 6 ) 5“";. ” ± !K0&4 :L . o& 2#" ;< r0.
. 0& _ s2 g r
L 0O & PG . !Rj Sg !S% PG
6“.M=06 P(G P( AS I ” – 36
I PAS I MN zN :"-$G p1G .pK"= ( 7 ¾ ) J(5 q% . a StSG
.M( =06 ( + S PG Sg !(T
K 0 M$56 ± F0 hz ' pS5 qf d
:gD :(GG VT hz ± @ D .I
K g ± MS#G :s; ~
sM& * &
(1) This Hadith seems to be fabricated to instigate people to avoid sins. (2) A famous Mohadith, d. 430H. (3) He is a
famous fabricator of Ahadith. (4) Related to the tribe Mazina. (5) A book of Abu Na’eem.
(6) This Hadith may have been fabricated to fire up emotions of nationalism. Albani has rejected association of this
Hadith to the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W on logical grounds. Patriotism is something natural and common between
Muslims & Non-Muslims, so it is not possible to associate it with faith.
Instinctive F0 Fake, fabricated StSG Raised to the Prophet x<SDG

He criticized him and declared him unreliable. !K E Not raised to the Prophet nDS%SG

Do you know?
The Procedure of Evaluating the Hadith Authenticity
When a scholar hears or reads a Hadith, he should evaluate its authenticity. The steps are as follows:
Review the meaning of the Hadith. If it is apparently contradictory to the Quran, other authentic
Ahadith or common sense, it is unacceptable. If it does not contradict with them, further investigation
will be required. In such case, follow the next steps.
Check whether someone else has conducted a research on that Hadith. If some research is available, it
will be easy to determine the authenticity of that Hadith.
If nobody has conducted research on that Hadith, then search yourself the Hadith in all books of
Hadith and gather all the chains of narrators.
Prepare a list of narrators involved in narrating that Hadith.
Review the biography of each narrator and check the opinion of the experts of '01 º about each
narrators. If a narrator in any chain of narrators is unreliable, that chain will be declared
“Unacceptable.” If all chains of narrators have one or more unreliable narrators, the Hadith will be
declared unauthentic. If all narrators of a particular chain are reliable, the Hadith will be acceptable
provided that it does not contradict with the Quran, other authentic Ahadith and common sense.
Most Muhaddisin follow all these steps except the first one. They leave that step for the Jurists.
Do you know?
Reasons for Fabricating Fake Ahadith
Fabricating a Hadith and associating it wrongly to the Prophet :; ! !";< ^ ;W is a great sin.
Unfortunately, a large number of people committed this sin due to various motives. Most common of
them were as follows:
Some people had a bee on the their bonnet to propagate the views of their sect. In order to support the
point of view of their sect, many people fabricated Ahadith.
In order to include views contradictory to Islamic teachings in Islam, some people fabricated Ahadith.
Some Reformists were zealous about instigating people to do good deeds e.g. recitation of the Quran,
performing prayer etc. Since the Hadith of Prophet was an easy tool to affect the masses, they
fabricated Ahadith.
Some people loved certain personalities in the companions of the Prophet :; ! !";< ^ ;W. They
fabricated Ahadith to demonstrate their high rank.
Some people were biased against certain personalities. They fabricated Ahadith to bite their heads off.
Some people associated several words of wisdom to the Prophet in order to make them popular.
Some people used fabricated Ahadith in marketing their products.
Some people fabricated Ahadith to fire up emotions in favor of / against a group, community or
nation.

hCB& h"; PG” – 24
?
K & ! C !(ST !";< ^
y 'C %& “... xkC T xR( &C
= >& :C J5{D g #G (T
“.h
H ;C G
r0 ” ± SK ( 21 / 3 ) = & ( 262 Ï 261 / 1 ) !G PT !K >& .?"1t
"k< P< @+G PT '"DL ( 0A P(G (83 :%4) J($ PT ( 3 / 93 / 9 ) “1º PT J;<
.!T <SDG 47 "1 J(T& P< J(DS1
.M> !K C E1t
b < !K U-C @+G PT '"D :qj .P( "= PG ? a "1t a g
!10 :C (r0. ? K "1t ::(* ST& q% : (393) “!*-G” / ( 1T J(D S2 qL S%
.J($ !s- 'T 1 H $G =" !K E p S
J(D °
L D. q% .0& ?"1t Sg J(DS1 L "k< 0 4 P(G !5& :r ( 0. ? ( "(1* ± å) !S
....x$ GK "1( "(R M x"= ) y J(k7K0 2 @
a W :“I0- ”
± 3 M PT q-D .K02 J(*B0 n R qL KF* !T sMj Kgg !(5"T P(G TKD !K$"* G&
K
K 0 4 J(;2 d K (,0K 'L 1 8G ;D r
b 0O & H "1 J(T& PG 9 ( :!E 5 G “1 ”
H "1 T& pK EC .!LC "D :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 q% : J(;2 q% z{D .!(C ( T
"1 T& 0K0 !5& MSKEgS "D H "1 ST& J( :qS-"D g hCE PG :! '"(% z{D .!< (0
.I( ,1 ;< N !()0 I '
( 0 :q% .J(;2 O 4& 5N 4l
(1) $G means that an expert declared a narrator “unreliable” but did not describe the reasons for his
unreliability.
(2) @W means that the expert considers that narrator “truthful but unreliable due to committing mistakes”. It
indicates that the narrator did not use to fabricate Ahadith but he used to commit mistakes. It indicates that he is
better than those who used to fabricate Ahadith.
(3) Ibn Habban (d. 354H) is a Mohaddith who wrote a book on Hadith and tried to include only authentic Ahadith in
his book. It is called M PT6 `"W.
(4) Muhammad Ibn Saib Al-Kalabi (d. 146H) is a famous fabricator of Ahadith who used to fabricate Ahadith for
political reasons.
He declared reliable ! U-C Joyful or

dissatisfied
xkC T xR( &C My passage #G

:^ q-D “.J( 8 C ( H KG (T hLB& !_4 0” : q% CiC"kl K O
% C” – 25
P(G J(D
7
= C 5 ("T J(-;> C !_4 0” :q% “!-;>& :C xÍ D < ?" !K O 0”

K (;1D .^ qS4 Í ^ N !N :xTS2G( w1 :( ( S% ;< K 0&D J(&4 K 1CD4 h( K4
;l I j !5N !O 0 % W
” :^ q-D “.h"N ( ;l EI &C N h(= oN ? = ( *K :C h5&
1“.h
K-;> G a Í S h 8 -D !s-(T J(<K O .EJCN
(2/323/2) 3 $< PT !< ( 615 / 2 ) “4$f ” ± 2 :. !>& .StSG
“3S 'O” PG( !T4 ( 1T :; !";< ^ ;W !T K* "D G _
( T J(D 4 J-"
5B5 ;$G PT '"<Ù :;$G PT ^ < 4. J(T& :0A P(G (488 / 5)
.<SDG _kl PT < P :q% r0. v “5 q < M F"G” J(D pK O 4 & g :
K ;% .Sg PG 4O&
:;& PT 0+ PT P= < !T O E* :J-" q% “3S 'O” ± J-" p 4 .'b A( T
. ?"1t Sg
9( tST :a EGK :q-D M PT pz "R4 PT :;$G PT ^ < Sg !;% :;%
PT P< 4 Sg .!()0 I s'0 .1"C PT hG rH " ;< 9K
0 .r0.
0A PG (207) “=" :,1f ” ± J(5 k !>& r0. ....b S1G 5B n 7$5 Tg
.O6 (T N < P< K0 : q% :L 0+ PT P= < P< >L&
(1) This Hadith was fabricated to exalt the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. Allah’s Apostle does not need such fabricated
words. He is already exalted by Allah in the Quran. (2) Hakim (d. 405H) is a Mohaddith who wrote his book “Al-
Mustadrak” to supplement Bukhari & Muslim. He was lenient in determining people ‘reliable’ or ‘unreliable’. (3)
Ibn A’sakar (d. 571H) is also a Mohaddith. (4) Baihiqi (d. 458H) is a famous Mohaddith. (5) Zahbi (d. 748H) is a
famous critical analyzer and exegete of Hadith.
He fabricates about ;< 9K

0 Accused, blamed :a EGK It is not attached ?
=
( *K :C

a 3>| "5 "5 'g& ;< a 3>| 3>| '( g& ;< "5K ” – 32
1“.^ 'g& ;<
3 ;0; p F< “=" 9Gº ” 2 JAS"$ ;)(T p ESR J( r0O j PG Sg .StSG
pK O 4 & M"; PT ; !"D :!S-T 4 K !K U-1 * % .~< P( T P< “~O $G” J(D
.-)T d" :5 P="1KG PT q% :q% “1 ” ± J(g
'b AT a > !5{D R & _
a s Sg 'T - =" MC S20 M& = 7 g 4 P(T : K ;%
'( g& VGf ;< :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qL S4 K0 ?" zN .'b %< Pa GG hz ± h# K 0
:' F< !S% ± (*"A "5T 9( P(G :C o1* ^ !K T& G 3>|
p( O( 1( (
>= &C J(U !( U; C 0(+ E P= G ' %L ” : !S% “.n1"( } ( 4= jQ J(D G := 2L C ;C > (U S gK ”
“.( G "-( S= 0 n (> "5= 3( "
J(D SKG P 0(U;( J g( ' %L @
( += P= G( 8
( "Uk
'( g& ;< 1G 3>| "5 E :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qC S4 sMN :q-K0 M& +K SK,0 ?" :L
& E N 3>| G !G2 BT V;G1 !T P="- M- 'C g& sN ^
( 'L g& G o1* ^
!T VG; C º I
& o1* !5& o1* ^ !T >& (G ^ 'g& ;< 4( :K 0=D 45
º "D 3>| :";< :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qC S4 sM& :_ s2 g qL S-0 ?"2D
.MS-K <( K J(
( -< /
K 1T V;$f ± Ur(0K M& O 4& 'b g Ja D( SW 'b K 4 Sg r( 0. g 9K t sMN Kp 4&
K 4# !T Q G sMB d
( I
( 0* S<T( ^ U' & G :K 0=* :G J( ( ;A ( DC S f
!o1* !5 :-( > ;< MC SL4( $0 ( g Q hz J(D
H K "= :K "2.
(1) This Hadith was fabricated to spread monasticism in the Muslims which is strictly forbidden in Islam. This
Hadith is not acceptable because it is contradictory to the Quran & other authentic Ahadith. (2) Jalal-ud-Din Al-
Sayouti (d. 849H) was a famous exegete of the Quran and the Hadith. (3) Dailami (d. 558H) was also a famous
Mohaddith. (4) He was also a Mohaddith & Rijaal expert. (5) Ibn Mu’een (d. 325H) was a famous expert of
evaluation of reliability of Rijaal.
Related to mysticism or
sufism
( DC S He chased (criticized) I
U-1 * He slandered p ESR
To spread Ur(0K M& He strengthened p F<

1“.J(*" J(D J(54 + P M J(*SG 1T (%C 4 FD E® PG” – 47

PG 2/126/1) “j ” ± (2/203/3) “="2 :,1f ” J(D J(5 ck !>& .StSG
¾) “!” ± J(k%4 “'G2 ” ± < PT (“j : V,1f +”
.(2/54) “0O 7"#f PG #< J(5) ” ± J;$ (246 / 5) J-" (279
PT ^ < P< gÛ P< :"; Á& PT r"; P< < Á& M"; PT ¬ ( 0A P(G :s;
:M( s;< !"D ( ?
a "1t a g : K ;% “.J(W ” :< PT O + !T <SDG <
g M"; PT ¬ sM& :=>j ... C ;C > % M !5{D :"; Á& PT r" ?K 1Kt :oj
± !S-T H , PT ° L D. !"N 4 R& ? a "1t :t ! q-K0 ³ K 4- SKg
PT “'G” ± T s M :V1G PT !"D q% % !5j hz r ( 0. K G : “I0- ”
PT J(5 ck q% r0. (T O E* % r0. 9K 0 _ s :w > PT q% .<
r0O & ± r0. @ M & 1T < PT q% “.?"1t Sg ” :q% J-" <
. ÚSÍ !)0 G< :! >&
+” PG (2/126/1) “j ” ± å ck q-D :M"; PT ¬. 9( T(G ;< K % :L
r"; J( 4 5j M4g PT P$. PT J;< P0R4 PT = & ” :“V,1f
PT r" P< :"; Á& PT r"; 3&G d5S0 T #< J(= :"; Á& PT r"; T PT
. J;< !T O EC * O6 (T N r"; P< 0 :q% “!T :"; Á&
PG = & :C #< !*&G r"; Á& T PT r"; !;)G b * ! & :C :;%
g * PG = & :C :q-D (2/4) “9, ” ± r0. J()C" U'< & (T g(z
q% .P0R4 PT = & !"D J(5 k "R MN :L .(5O PG q P(G ;< ( a W% qb <N
.!;"(AT& P(G r0O & J(g ! z ."R& !";< 8
= C25& pST :< PT
(1) Visiting Prophet’s :; !";< ^ ;W grave is a nice thing but some people fabricated this Hadith to urge people to
visit the Prophet’s grave as they did to motivate them for other good deeds.
Biography (based on what the He is alone in A Hadith with a different
reliability of a narrator is b * narrating this Hadith !T O EC * chain which supports 9( T(G
determined (nobody else reports it another Hadith

“. xT I
(L ! ( L H1K s' J(D (g & & !( 0ST& = % 4 + PG” Ï 49
+” P(G 1/84/1) “j ” ± (199 ¾) “=" ” ± 1J(5 k !>& .StSG
< PT M1 PT Í ( 0A P(G (2/228) “I" ” J(D J(5Wj !< .(“V,1f
x<SDG 30g Á& P< gÛ P< "G& Á& ¤2 < P< J;, 1 PT " P< P¿
“.O6 (T N 30g Á& P< K0 ” :q%
.qb SÛ :3“M$; ” ± !1* 2“M F"f ” ± q% g M1 PT Í :
a StSG Sg : K ;%
.“G” " J;"-1 !C%
9K
0 _ s :q-D = & .9a " !TU % !(1t ;< 9Û g " :;%
.8<StSG !L)0O & aP"T !(*0 4 ;< ?1 ” : < PT q% .r
C 0.
:C h =: E0K :C !2 x0& ?
a "1t @
( 47f Á& PT Sg "G& Á& ¤2 < !K7"R
“j ” ± å k p 4 : (60/3) q-D -D !T r0. U'< & V J)"v °D. I = ( 0
. ?"1t Sg "G& ST& ¤2 < !"D “ ”
“M F"f ” P< n5 !K;-5 (T (418/4) “" 6 ®
( 07*” ± !s;<& -D J% 1 !7"R G&
¤2 <” :q% r" (234/2) q% r" “Ëæ ” J(D JAS"$ Bk>& h _ WBD
(qS,T d" 1 PT "0 sM{D “.MSÛ M1 PT Í 1 PT "0 ?"1t
!_
( (2T P2
a 1G Sg 'T
(1) Tabarani wrote three collections of Hadith: 2 Sf :,1f . (2) q <6 M F"G is an encyclopedia of
Hadith narrators written by Al-Zahbi (d. 748H). (3) M F"f M$ is another encyclopedia of narrators written by Ibn
Hajar A’sqalani (d. 852H). He has improved the presentation of q <6 M F"G.
Face the Challenge!

What is the difference between !"#* 341 ?
Give one example of each.
He described
weakness
U'< & He is not accused for
fabrication of Hadith
:= E0K :C A weak narrator but he is better than
_ because he doesn’t fabricate G

1“.¢-
¢- ^
y (1K $ S” – 56
J%4 O0+ PT $"< 5B5& J(5 M < PT Í P< :qj :M-0A ! .StSG
P< I"$f PT "1 P< !"T& P< J1 0+ PT :" < :q% ""< PT I W
.a 2G r0 g : q% (1 / 312 @) < PT !>& .x<SDG _kl PT <
. !";< 8-) !1T0 ; !)0O & J1 0+ PT :" < !S g PG N !LD( <&
K $
( K0 MC .r0. K 2G !L)0 K K0” :3 Ð ST& q% “.pS*” :2 47 q% :;%
“...? a "1t a 0+ pST& :
K ;% “.r
b "> _ a s” :V1G PT q% “.8GkT !<
L K0 pT&
” :q% :L .< PT 0A P(G (255/2) “8<StSf ” J(D 4 +Sº PK T pK O 4 & r
L 0.
...“.r0. 2G M < PT Í MCKG pSKT& :" < ! 'C W&
$ S” :°;T <SDG d5& P< < PT ="TF P< V$. PT #T P< :>| 0k Sg
“< PT ="TF 7$5” ± J(R SG PT $"< ' ST& p 4 “.º q '>O
.“8"-) ” ± J-) (30/2) “MW& 4>&” ± :"15 ST& (2/55/1)
:°;T “~O $G” ± J;0 p 4 !(-0A P(G ..._ K ( 20 a G g “#T” : K ;%
K* J(D JAS"$ % % “.0- /"D” J(D “!*O< ^ 1 $ S”
:(204/2) “10# !0F=*” ± 5 @ < PT !-1D “G” .r0. I-< !(S% ;< g #T
“. xg( R !C)0 `K ;( 0K D
a Et _
a s 'T”
(1) It is obvious that this Hadith was fabricated by some Chauvinist who wanted to humiliate women. (2) Bukhari is
not only a compiler of Hadith, he is also an expert in '01 º . He wrote a book in this discipline named 04*
2 . (3) Abu Hatim (d. 277H) is a great expert of '01 º . (4) Ibn Jauzi (d. 597H) is a famous critical appraiser
of Hadith. (5) Ibn Iraq (d. 963H) was an expert of Hadith & '01 º .
A Hadith supporting other

Hadith
xg( R One who fabricates
Hadith a lot

a Et An unaccepted Hadith (due to
reasons other than fabrication)
a 2G

1“.b = 4 J(EG&
K > ” – 57
± JAS"$ q% . S-L DC SK0 :;D H ;< ! SL-( 0 M& J(D MSL - .! 'C W&
< a "1T g “."N 'L ( * :C J( ÚU
K I
( KL /( 1T J(D
> !s;1” :“=" 9Gº ”
:H ;$(T K ";K0 (G g .:; !";< ^ ;W !)0O & / 1T ( Gj ;< a t !5& !G K F( ;0 zN
;< ! ? = %& :C V <
H 1(T d" : q% !5& J2$ P< f 'C -C 5 .pKO-<
....
H StSG ? H "1t ` H "W H
2“.:K0g :K0% :0BT (SK,K J(TW&” – 58
PG (82/6) “2 6 ” J(D F PT (91/2) “:;1 9G” ± = ( < PT p 4 . StSG
T P< M" Á& P< u<j P< V PT 4. :q% :"; PT 0A
“.qSÛ V PT 4. Mj , !T S-* ON g” :( < PT q% .!T <SDG
Ig ST& Sg g V PT 4. ?"1t M" ST& bk% b 0 4 pg” : F PT q%
“. hR T G g C <StSf r
C 0O j (0 M"; PT J-)
!5{D o& '0Sk Sg M"; PT : q-0 :"; PT ;< r ( 0. g ± 'L :
K ;L%
“.<StSG r0O & 4” :M PT q% “._ ” : w > PT q% 'T !(1Kt ;< 9Û
“I0- ” ± °D. q% @ a KW
Sg 'T F PT q% n"1t d";D M" ST& G&
PT q% F PT q% qSÛ V PT 4. .“!"W” ± :;$G ! >&
J(D r0. g `( 0 := & q% ( “8-) ” ± M PT pz MN c <
.(2/199/10) G % PT “I7f ”
(1) This is a widely spread Hadith but it is not described in any collection of Hadith. There is no chain of narrators
for it. So it is baseless. (2) It seems that this Hadith was fabricated by the people to exalt the rank of the Companions
of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. In contrast, some other people fabricated another Hadith with the same words but
included the words “My family” instead of “My companions”.
Nonsense ¥ g Truthful narrator (but not very

strong in describing Hadith)
@
a KW
Proof is not established by it , !T S-*

P=" < qb -G !"D M M N r0. g : (28/1) “M F"f ” ± J(5 1# qL S% G&
PG r( 0O j ` " * sMj hz !!"N K U;C 0 ¥ g 'b AD 1?
( #2 '( g& < ` a "W SD
'C W& H;AT r H 0O & `( " * oN O 0K ";< OK < .H "(-GK H "DSW L <(T ? ( #2 ( 0A
y J(k7K0 Sg (& MC S20 M& E`W M N :!( S & PK $ & ? #2 Mj r0. .C
.!( "(t0 G s' PG !(G C G$ ^ Q qL BC$5 S !L;>( K0 :C M N g .I
K " 0K
“.:K0g :K0% :0BT (S, J("T 'L g&” – 62
:( "15 J(T& 0 4 PG Jg ";< K % % _ 2 "5 PT = & ( 7$5 ± Sg .StSG
3C T J2;T
1f f M0 PT :- PT = & P$. ST& :q% åWj
PT = & 5B5& q% !T %BD iG V$> 9 W ± !";< 3 % d"TO 5 J(D
ViG V1 V (T J1,Rj 1 ST& 0R PT "5 PT :"g TN PT @N
p P< "5 PT :"g TN Á& È : q% "5 PT :"g TN PT @N Á& È Ï q%
. <SDG 0R PT "5
"D” : 7$ pg ± J(g q% % (2/158 @) G g 3b =") rb 0O & C C D : ;%
.“M$; ” ± °D. p%& “._ s !5{D !T
K , s'
( 0K @N PT = & !0T
!0F=*” ± @ < PT pO4& r0. .?"1t J2; :- PT = & !< K :
K ;%
(201 ¾) JAS"$; “<StSf r0O j ” '0z !(;Wj x1* (419/2) “10#
.“ 7f ” P<
n -5 (144 ¾) “( <StSf r
( 0O j ± <S, S ” ± J(5S#
(1) It is a common practice of Sufis to base their views on their dreams. They claim that they receive direct guidance
from God in their dreams or daydreams. On the other side, they also admit that Prophethood has been ended on
Prophet Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W. In such way, they include their personal views in the religion. Islam is based on
the hard evidence from the Quran or the Sunnah. Nothing can be added to or deleted from Islam based on a dream or
daydream of a Non-Prophet.
Deriving result from an

argument

K , Detested H "(-GK Revelation in a dream or day
dream etc.
?
( #2

J ( L J(K ;0K h
a ;C G (T 'C ( K x"(5 J;< s;W PG K!K1( =% < EJ;< s;W PG” – 203
1“.x1"R & x"R !
K L (!*(> pK "5KO G& (T
“!(70=4*” ± I
K "k7 (2/193/2) “ËGj ” ± MS1 PT !>& . (T a StSG
Á& P< u<j P< M G PT Í ( 0A PG (2/70/16) $< PT (292 Ï 291/3)
!)0 PG J(5) F, ± O> PT 2T ST& qj !K CDA >& .<SDG 30g Á& P< çW
“1 ” ± J;"-1 (1 / 6) !0#T PT ;< pK C-5 "D J-;"$ :Rg ST& (2/115)
.(218 / 2) “I1# ” ± J-" (137 136 / 4)
“.!5O Sg PG N !K1T(0K HÚS(T d" u<j r ( 0 PG ! 'W& : J;"-1 q%
P< =" 5K PK T
K B :q% "% PT ^ < P< pO{T I
K "kl 4 :L . g MH G PT J(10
“.J#T d" M G PT Í z O” :q-D r0. g
:q% :L J;"-1 ( 0 4 PG (303 / 1) “8<StSf ” ± +Sº PT pO4 & !(-0A PG :
K ;%
.r0 ( 'C W& :J;"-1 q% ._ s =" $ K Sg M G PT Í `( 0
“Mµ6 I1R” ± J-" !>& : ;%” : !(S-T (283 / 1) “Ëæ ” ± JAS"$ !K U-1 *
“. g( SR ! >& 0k g PG
b 2G ^ ( MN” : :; !";< ^ ;W !(S% ')G a`"W K1T JAS"$ %C :L : K ;%
:K ;$
0K H & PG G” ::; !";< ^ ;W !S% “.$ JG& P< J(5SK;0K } ( 4j ± P "= ( E"
K #* 5N s; Jg x0% pz -* “. $ !";< O4K & J( K4 J;< ^ EO4 sN J;<
!";< ^ ;W p(= % < !";< s;W PG !5& !"D 'L " G& .;Lº ± r ( 0;
JAS"$ ( 0 :;D >| !L 5 G& .!";< a g( R (G H JR ± d";D !K 1K $0 !5{D :;
:JAS"$ q% :15 .! #0 x n)0
(1) Prayer and greeting for the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W is a great virtue. Unfortunately, some people invented Ahadith
to promote this virtue. We don’t need such fake reports. We must pray for the Prophet based on the Quran and
Authentic Ahadith.

< “_ S) ” ± "# ST& !>& u<j P< x1TG M G PT ( ( 8
K :L”
“.!T u<j P< 01G ST& PT P$. <j = & PT P=
ST& pK O 4 & !5& K g g <j K "= MC SD1G 8
a -( :s; $ g qL 4 : K ;%
= & PT P= <: :q-D (463 / 342 ¾) “1P=""5Wj 8-A” ± !$5 "#
SD n 01* x !"D = 0 :C P( "= )C0 !< 4 :L “.<j `(W ST& gF
... .qb S,G
g ± :K "- PT q% ( HqS-G K "= a" pK :(379 / 6) “` ” ± 2°D. qS-D
“9"# I". ;< 3 ± 90 qS- ” ± !< ( 7$ !K ;C -5 I a 0 !5N: :$
.(190 ¾) “J2$ ;< O ± J2f 4 ” ± O < PT q% (116 ¾)
Sg 5N au D BbkC > SKg u<j P< 01G Á& 0 4 PG r0. g :K1T 4 %
zN b %5 1Tf pg sM& ;< _(2(T :a ( EGK r ( 0. K G Sg 3!T O EC * M G PT Í
.“... p"5KO K G& (T J ( L ” :M G PT ( Í ( 0 4 ± G "D d"
StSG r0 ” :( SÛ 241 / 27) 4Sf O ( 7KG ± (""* PT ) q%
r0. g @
( *T _
a s Sg u<j P< $ M G PT Í !00 5N
“.:<={T u<j ;< a StSG
(1) People of Isphahan, a city of Iran. (2) Hafiz Ibn Hajar A’sqalani.
(3) It means that he is alone in reporting this Hadith. Since a Hadith is reported by just one person and he is also
unreliable and famous as a liar, therefore, the Hadith will not be accepted.
Rule of the Day: You already know that there are certain nouns who do not change
their _ <N. They are called ÈG. These nouns are assumed to carry I 5 9D4
(T g 'C 1 DC b'K 4 g the
according to their situation. For example, in the sentences
word g is in three different conditions I 5 9D4 respectively but its _ <N are
not changed practically. Its _ <N are assumed. This concept is called 0-* and the
_ <N are called 4E-C GK .

( "= J(D n E, P "= 1( P(G 'L D& Sg (1 K ,

K S0 DC zN C DC < K S0 (0j 'L D&” 207
1“.H 1
K K
.! 'C W& 'b AT
± 01G PT P0+4 pK 4 : (348 / 2) “P0T< PT "R ” ± G ;< J(1;C 0F qL S% G&
BASG V" :( E$( q( SWj VT !"D 9 g P0+4 _
sM& := ;C <D . 0,*
9G” $f ="j PT _ ( 5 ;< G J$ O O J(T& P hG
H JR ± C 'W& 3b =") r0O & “0, ” _ ± sM& N “qS r0O & PG qSWj
.“I"g I" ” ± 4 ')G !< ;1 !;-0 (G :;10 qSWj pg P(G
r0. I( PG g("= ± I ( K2L pg ± ! 'W& !5{D '( "- g P(G Lr0. g
±} D& M & 1T q% !5{D (!5(kKT( (17 / 1) “O F ” ± :"- PT L G1 EW
'T (D1f
:gz 3#< pH S P(G ( 1º ( % ( 0F(G M( "T
q( S4 P< ! 'C W& 'b AD , V1 V q1* 5BT S1 ( $
( & ;< }
C G G&
/"D” ± f pK E%C & “.V1T T P(G H & P< :; !";< ^ ;W ^
2“."R. ” ± P0T< PT Å ( 28 / 2) “0-
(1) This Hadith is widespread in people that the Hajj on Friday is equal to 70 pilgrimages. It is a baseless Hadith
which is not available in any authentic collection even with a weak chain of narrators.
(2) Since paper was an expensive item in the middle ages, therefore, the scholars used to write commentary on a
book on the border of a page. Therefore, this word "R became a synonym to the commentary.
Rule of the Day!

In Arabic, there is a unique concept which is called the 9
( = ,
9K = . It means that a plural
noun is made further plural at a second stage. For example e.g. a 0(AC (a way or method)
is a singular. Its plural is @
a K AL , while its plural of the plurals is 8 a C%K AL . In some words, it
may be made plural onto several stages. The last plural is called SK, K = GK 9a . It
usually comes at the weight of ' L "(1DC 'L (1DC .
Border, edge,
commentary
"R. Kind, type '( "- Approach, method
( 5

1“.
a 4 KG !5{D ( "-1T SKE7
*” – 226
“!7=04*” ± I K "kl (J(7$5 Ï 41 :%4 2 ) “ËGj ” ± J;G !>& .StSG
PT J(5 "S PT _S-10 0A PG (466) “1 ” ± J;"-1 (251 / 11)
!"T& P< 3< PT #g P< Kg gF :"g TN PT _S-10 0A PG (1 / 356) <
.<SDG #< P<
_ s _S-10 :q% (423 / 1) “8<StS ” ± +Sº PT pz J;"-1 0A PG
“.JR :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< g ±
K )K0 ” :J;"-1 q% .9K
0
:L “.r C 0. 90 42 P="T( s2 P(G M” := & q% :_S-10 ( * ± J(g q% :
K ;%
!(G !K %C % (
1T d" g :"g TN PT _S-10 :< PT q% .r0. g ! @
."S PT _S-10
a 0A r0;(” :q-D !( *(O1 (272 / 2) “æ ” J(D JAS"$ +Sº P T I U-1 * %
PT I"1R "1 Á&” ( 0A P(G (2 / 283 / 4) $< PK T IK "kl !K >& #g P< a >
PT ' PT Í 5B5& JG- ?"W PT Í ^ < ST& 5B5& ("1# :"g TN PT Í
.!T 3< PT #g P< " PT O> ' ST& 2$< PT '
:"g TN PT Í PT I"1R G& .MSD1K0 O> MO PG sM{D a:;G Oa N g :;%
I"1R PT Í PT I"1R” :(352 / 1 / 2) “'01 º ” ± !s;1;D J("1#
; ± J(T& !< I M< PT P= < 4. PT #T P< 4 O T 1
.:(* J(T& PT P< -5 I"k7; ( 244 / 9 ) “O T 04*” ± "5)
(1) Probably, this Hadith was fabricated to increase the demand for “Agate”, a precious stone. There are some
people, who believe in fortunate and unfortunate effects of stones. They have tried to include such lousy and
polytheistic views in Islam by fabricating such Ahadith.

“!7=04*” ± I"kl pz MC S20 M& N pz P(G = & :;D JG- ?"W PT Í G&
x !"D = 0 :C )0 ! @ :L “G$ 1 ST& ?"W PT Í” :(336 / 3)
.:;<& ^D ^ < ST& !( (" :K K 1 ST& !K" g P2 .
n 01*
PT °D. g ± O EO * % 4k1 ' PT Í !5& 'L ( "D 'D PT ' PT Í G&
J(k%4 hT !K C W
r0. 9( tS(T
a 1G 4sk1 .:;< ^ “M$; ” ± ,

. :;<& ^ !(5O PG & O6 g L DC SD p="
± 7$ °D. q% b ;AT s; >& @ H K AL PG >L& Ú
H BT r
C 0. 4 C%
P(G J;0 p 4 P2 : (37 ¾) “8<StSf ” ± 4- J;< "# qS% G& “W-f ”
.'b W& ! r0. sM& ;< q"D 3O1G "5BT #< J;< < d H 5& r0
< ";< C 3<- P< b;AT ; 5N :7$ °D. qS% P< qL SKgzC SD
( ( U;%( P(G niR5 "D ?K 1 M zN r C 0. S-C 0K 5N @
( k O E1 * sM& P"=
sMN :L ..._
( 2T :H ( G P(G SL;70 sM{D .h r( 0. g J(D K Gj d" 1 ° (
K1T g #< r0 ± .a 4 G !5{D :qS-0 K1D x0R xT kt (& ±
.'b -< a R ( T #0 J( Új PG hz =" “. - J(0 !5{D” : qL S-0
(1) See the box below.
Do you know?
If a Hadith is reported by different chains of narrators and each chain of narrator has a narrator
having some problem like bad memory etc., the Hadith will become acceptable because it is
reported by different chains of narrators. It is unlikely that all of them will forget about the
same Hadith. But if all of them are accused for fabricating Hadith, it can never become
acceptable due to merely different chains of narrators. For example, a Hadith has two chains
of narrators: A – B – C, and D – E – F. Suppose the narrators B & E have memory problems.
The Hadith will be acceptable because it is unlikely that both of them will forget the same
Hadith. On the other side, if B & E both are accused for fabricating Hadith, it can never be
acceptable unless it is reported by a third chain of reliable narrators.
The person whose

biography is described
:K K Declaring someone
reliable

n 01* Declaring someone
unreliable
x

a & L 0 ^ '( " ×

( SK"$
K :( k P(G R& (= P(G a G& "5 K *” – 235
PG !5{D ~ P(G ( ) /
K KT (9#
'( j L s;%( L* y # Jk1K0 G 'C )G pK Ck<& N
1“.~ P(G Q ) ";D : "1 pK E PG "15 "5 I & ~ P(G Q ) EI &
4 F < PT = & 5>& J(T& 5B5& :q% (44 / 2) “p$G” ± J;0 !>& .StSG
PT P< -;< P< :"g TN P< O P< M" P< 4Fº P= < PT ^ < P<
.x<SDG OS1$G
:JAS"$ q% J;0 ( 0 4 P(G (191 ¾) “<StSf r0O j '0z” ± JAS"$ pz
I,< ="(T J< +j 4S) P< 4Fº P= < PT ^ < : “M F"f ” ± q%
h#0 (T jT 4S) P< J(*B0 :M PT q% “M$; ” ± (9tST M PT !K E*
.(1 / 358) @ < PT pE%& (35 / 2) ;< !5N r0. I ( P(G
J;0 ( 0 4 PG “=" 9Gº ” ± qj r0.
A JAS"$ O 4 & -D g 9G :;%

.P( "= P(G Q BD !pg
.9( tST :( z 0 4 P(G !5& 9G !"D pKO 0N :qj

K 4# .h d" J;0 < h !5& : g BD 4( S 4( - ;< pK4 % :>|
“.J;0 pO4& !< !-0A PG 0& 4 F !& 4K F P&
“$f ” I W < PT = & Sg J;0 ON ± 4 F d" :;-D K 4 :L
509 8G 4 OR PT !0R != J;0 292 JUDS* !5{D !T
1f
.MGF P(G M( 5% K"D
(1) This Hadith was fabricated to spread the monastic views in Muslims which is forbidden in Islam.
Showing, coming (T j Strange (Hadith) I,< Unauthentic Ahadith, plural of 2G ="G

“.
( SK ~
K ( d
( q zL KS, q( <j K "” – 248
/ 4) “c2 8-k ” ± J2$ (9 / 3) “" 6 ®07*” ± J% 1 q% .! 'W&
.W& ! = & :C :(162
P(G 3b #< Kgg PG( 3b #< x4 O P "= 1T4& oN 4( ,T $ !";< '" c J(5W&” – 274
“.g g PG 3b #< gg PG 3b #< Kgg
& J(*c>& :% b "2 J( ?" PT '"<Ù P< (276 / 6) J-" !K >& .?"1t
.?1t p(ON ± :q% .x<SDG #< P< 3W Á& T J(5g
/ 1) < PT q% g '"<Ù sMj hz (414 / 4) “0 I 5” ± pE%& : K ;%
& b "2 :;% .r0. 1 @
K ( $K0 HSG =" 8 ( -) P< r
H 0O BT
C :(318
!5j g '"<Ù (103/8) M PT K "S* W> 3H 4S T g K "(0K D<& :C J(5g
.H - P< zN r( 0. :K "-$G :q%
hG& P(G !K C 4O& PG KG& H (T P(G !$"< 0 :$ !";< $"< oN ^ y &” – 280

K -;> - 4 º K -;> G Í S O K -;> G a Í S;D !T SKG( K0 M&
2“.P
2C $
D ^ qS4 Í ^ N !N :!";< K 2D _
kC tD ( ;< w
1
< 0A PG (615 Ï 614 / 2) “4$f ” ± :. !K >& 5N .<SDG ! 'W&
~< PT P< I"$f PT "1 P< 3O% P< T< Á& PT "1 4 5j ~& PT
."1 ;< x<StSG !K &” :!S-T J(g !s-1* .“O6 `"W” :q% nDS%SG pD :q%
± J(g q% 4 5j ~& PT < !< !T :K ( EK T< J(T& PT J(10 : K ;%
“.<StSG !& ” : q% r0. g ! @ :L “.2G H 7(T *& ! ',K0” : “M F"f ”
.p%BD “M$; ” JHD , PT °D. !K -C D
(1) “Theft in Hadith” means that a person listens a Hadith from other and then starts describing it without
mentioning the name of the original narrator. (2) This Hadith was probably fabricated in order to show the high rank
of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W over Jesus Christ $ 3S; !";< in Christian-Muslims debates. The Prophet Muhammad
:; !";< ^ ;W strictly forbade such comparisons among prophets.

1“. xT& b %D !K = * :C H ;" s' J(D C 1% S 3C 4S &C %C PG” – 289
± J($ PT (p + PG 178) “p$G” ± G& J(T& PT L 4. !>& .?"1t
“ËGj ” ± M #T PT (1 / 116) “!)0 ” ± q PT (674 :%4) “;"; S" '<”
PT P< "A J(T& P<
H ,R J(T& 0A P(G :g=" “I1# ” ± J-" (1 / 38 / 20)
.?
a "1t a g .<SDG OS1$G
(T OS1$G PT P< "A ST& PG "A J(T& P< K
1K0 3b (25 ,R ST& :J(g q%
!5BT !(* ±
EW
1K0 325 "A T& sM& oN 2 (T 4R& % .<SDG r0.
:pH S P(G qb S;1G SKg” :9,( x1* J1;0F q% :; “0- /"D” J(D ....qb S,G
:r
L ) .= & pz !( (G 3L 425 :J(5) .p=" J(k%4 !K E"T
K k-5 : gK &
:(* ST& K = & !(1Kt ;< 9 = & % .!KT (kt : 9K T .+Sº PK T !% !(* 4K ?
K 1Kt
.2G r0. : “$" ” ± f q% .:g=" J-" J(k%4 !KT
pK D J(-;0 8
H SK ( ;< 3L 7 H37W ;< y ( ;< } K 4j ” – 294
2“.( S J(D pK G% h
H ;C G '( g( ;< 8
K SK (w1(T
P< 4 F p 4 :q% :L <SDG < PT r
( 0 P(G (131 / 8) J)"v pz .StSG
.?"1t Sg I"R PT È10 = & PT ^ < !7"R
!K=

K *K !s;1;D q I
( PG (g ± “M$; ” ± “M F"f ” ± p4& :C : K ;%
.!;% 8
( ";" 6 P(G !5& K g (9T(k ;<
(1) A lot of Ahadith were fabricated to instigate people to recite the Quran.
(2) This Hadith seems to be fabricated by someone who was inspired by the concepts either Jews or Hindus. It is
scientifically wrong. Israelite traditions contain such views. Some narrators took such illogical things from them and
presented them as words of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. Ancient Hindus also had such views.
Upper part of back '( g( Fish 8

H SK Unknown 3b 2( 5
Air ( S Its both edges pK D Rock 3H 7W

“.H JiG _
K S5z ! 8
= ( L 3n G JiG [ & ^ Sg 'L %] &C %C PG” – 295
PT (187 / 6) I"kl (1 / 113 / 3) “M- 'D” ± d0 PT p 4 .1a 2C G
( 0A PG (2 1 / 35 / 2 / 1) “I1# ” ± J-" (1 ! 62 @ 12 ) M #T
.<SDG hG PT d5& P< J(5 T 1º 1 Á& PT P$.
q% .J$ = & !K C E1t
:J(g q% 1º 1 PT P$. . ( ? a "1t a g
“.r0. g p0T PG r0. K 2( G” :~
K 47
± d0 PT !>& :(239 / 1) “Ëæ ” ± JAS"$ q-D !T O= 0 :C !5& sN :;%
!>& !T 1 J(T& PT P$. 0A PG “M=06 I1R” ± J-" “M- 'D”
P$. N T P&
“.r0. 2G” :0& ~ 47 q% .g F ="#T PT Sg
p1G sM& ;< r0. ?1t (T K (, 0 D .?
( 1 3L 0R ( ) @( K kL pg sM& L Wl
.:;<& ^ .! E o1* ^ 'L D M M N f PG !"D ( ( < a 2( $KG
(1) Munkar is a Hadith whose narrators commit a lot of mistakes. It is a special type of weak Hadith. Usually the
Ahadith in which a big reward for a small deed or a big punishment for a small sin is described, are weak.
Worth Reading
In the Land of the Quran & the Bible. At travel story to the sites
related to God’s prophets. The writing is in Urdu.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0014-00-Safarnama.htm
Worth Reading
How to overcome obstacles on your way to success? Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0010-Block.htm

Lesson 7A: Descriptive & Non-Descriptive Styles #56 7
Dear Reader!
In previous lessons, we have studied theM"T :;<. Backbiting is described in the Quran as
Now we shall start the å1G :;<. eating flesh of a dead brother.
#56 7

c>: It is the descriptive style. When something is described, it is called the c>. A c> may be right or
wrong. For example :
a C% a 0+ (Zaid is standing). In reality, Zaid may be standing or sitting. So the c> may
be true or false.
#5N: It is the persuasive or interrogative style. When someone is asked to do something or something is
asked, it is called the #5N. The #5N cannot be true or false. For example 3SF S* 3S; S"%&
(Establish the prayer and pay the Zakat.)
7
A > may be a "= ;K or a ";1D ;K. The basic objective of c> is to inform the audience about a
noun or a task. For example, VC1 _4 ^ . (The praise is for Allah Who is the Lord of entire
universe) is a "= ;K. Similarly, SG q% (Moses said) is a ";1D ;K.
Sometimes, the objective of > is not to provide the information. It has some other objectives. For
example:
• To tell the audience that the speaker also knows that information. In this case, the audience may already
know that information.
• To seek help from or invoke mercy of the audience. For example, Prophet Moses $ 3S; !";< said,

a -( DC H "= > P= G( EJCN(
F 5C& ( J5N( _4 (O Lord! Whatever good you send down me, I am a in desperate need of
it). Here, the Prophet Moses is asking for mercy from God by just describing his position.
• To express one’s weakness. For example, Prophet Zakariya $ 3S; !";< said, JG( :K 1 P g J5N( _4
n="R ~
K & E 'C 1 R= (O Lord! Surely, my bones have weakened and the hair of my head glistens with grey).
• To express one’s grief, regret, happiness, or other emotions. For example, the mother of Marry < ^ Jt4
had vowed to dedicate her child to serve the Mosque of Jerusalem. She gave birth to a girl who was not
able to serve the Mosque. At that time, she said to describe her grief, C)5= &L K1= t
J5N( _4 (O Lord! I have
gave birth to a girl). In the verse, 'L A( g +
Q (The right came and the wrong vanished),
happiness is described.
• To scold or reproach someone. For example, to scold the offender Israelites, Allah said, L U := ( "= ;C <
= T( t
K
L 2C $
= (Shame and poverty were brought upon them. )

A c> can be described in an assertive way. As you have already studied in previous lessons that the
assertion is developed by adding a few words to the sentence. For example, :a C% a 0+ (Zaid is standing) is a
plain sentence without any emphasis. :
a C% a 0+ UMN (Surely, Zaid is standing) is assertive. :a C- a 0+ UMN (Surely,
definitely, Zaid is standing) is more assertive and : a C- a 0+ UMN ^ (By God, surely, definitely, Zaid is
standing) is extremely assertive.
Similarly, in case of ";1D
;K, there are different levels of emphasis. For example, K K 0 (He will help) is a
plain sentence without any emphasis. K K " (He will definitely help) is assertive and UM K " (Surely, He will
definitely help) is extremely assertive.
The level of emphasis must be according to the situation of the audience. If the audience is already believe
or tend to believe that c>, there is no need to put a word emphasizing it. If they do not believe, then a
reasonable emphasis will be required. Over- or under-assertion adversely affect the T of the
communication.
The words used to emphasize include the following:
• UM& UMN: They are used to create emphasis in a "= ;K.

• !"*
: They are used to draw attention of the audience. They make the sentence assertive. For
example G& g & etc.
• :$%
: They are used to swear in order to make the sentence assertive. For example 8
etc. If the
speaker swears other than God, it usually means presenting that thing as evidence.
• 4 2*: Repeating a sentence also makes it assertive. For example a 0+ _t a 0+ _
t
etc.
• UM q: They are placed before and after JÑ G& 4G '1D. For example EP
DN UM K " etc.
• %: It is placed before JtG '1D . For example ^
y 9 ( % (definitely, Allah has listened) etc.
Rule of the Day:

For 4G '1D, the letters are the same but _ <N are different. If the word belongs to
'"* _T q1DN _T OÛ J etc. The _ <N are often omitted in Arabic books. For
example, 20 may be ('"1*) K 2
C 0K (q1DN) K ( 2 0K (OÛ J) K K 20. Its meaning will be
different in all three cases. It will be “He is generous”, “He gives honor” and “He
gives honor” respectively. Frequently consult the dictionary to know the meaning of
the same word used in different chapters.

#5j
An #5N is non-descriptive language. It may be a prescription to do so or an interrogation to ask
something. The prescription is used for various objectives. For example:
• G&: To instruct the audience to do something. For example, = K 5= L (Help!), `= DN (Open!), = ,K L (Prostrate!)
etc. Sometimes, the 4 G of a verb is also used to instruct e.g.
( C ;< EJ (Come towards the
success), ( "= l
( oN x"1 (Run towards the piety) etc.
• J5:To instruct the audience to avoid something. For example, = K = * (Don’t help!), `= * (Don’t
open!),
=,K $* (Don’t prostrate!) etc.
• <OK : To seek something or a request to avoid something from God. For example, 5 >( *K (Don’t assess
us!), E<
?
K <= (Forgive us!), C = ( (Pardon us!) etc.
• ~( : Request to do or avoid something. For example, _
2( (k( <& (Please give me the book), J(5= K 5
(Please help me), J(T= ( * (Please help me) etc.
• OR4N: Guidance or consultation to do or avoid something. For example, $ GK 'H &C CN( PH 0= T( := K0 * CzN(
pK SKK CD
(When you lend for a fixed period, write it) etc. The tone and the position of recipient will
determine whether it is an instruction, prayer, request or consultation.
• 0*: To threaten or scold someone. For example,
i(R G ' 1 D N (Do whatever you want!!!!) etc. The
context and the tone will determine that it is a threat or a warning for the audience.
• F"(,1*: To demonstrate the weakness of the audience. For example, P= G( := L Q RK SK<O= !( ;() G( P= G( 3H 4 SK$T( SK*B DC
!( U; M( KO (Bring a chapter like this Quran and call all your helpers!!!!) etc. The context and the tone will
determine the objective of communication.
• 5gN: To demonstrate disrespect for the audience. When Israelites demanded Prophet Moses for
vegetables, they were said: :
= KBC G := 2L C UM{(DC n= G( SLk(g= (Go in a city to find what you have asked!!!!) etc.
• TN: To allow something. For example, SKT R= SL;L (Eat and drink).
• M(G : To remind the blessings. For example, !( U; @( += 4( P= G( SKT R= SL;L (Eat and drink from the sustenance
provided by Allah).
• 0S( $*: To compare two things. For example, := 2L "= ;C < ¥ S K(= * = &C K(W
= CD (Be steadfast or don’t
steadfast, it is equal for you).
• *: To wish something possible or impossible. For example, 9= ;Ck* ?
= %( `
K KW 0 :qK+ K S5 0 'LA !L'" 0 (O
night! Be longer, O sleep! Disappear, O morning! Stop and don’t appear). The objective of issuing such
instructions to the night or morning is to express the emotional situation. In all above cases, the context
and the tone will determine the objective of communication. While translating the Quran, some people try
to consider every thing as instructions and commit mistakes in understanding the meaning properly.

Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and describe the type and purpose of each sentence as given in
the example. Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
Analysis Objective Type J(T<

:a ; <( !( T( := 2L C "(D := K,
= ( Kg := K5=&Cg
is a descriptive sentence. The
g !"*
is used to put :a ; <( !( T( := 2L C "(D := K,
= ( Kg := K5=&Cg
c>
emphasis in the sentence. The J5 !K U; :a ; <( !( T( := 2L C d
"= C "(D MC S*K : ;( DC
sentence starting from MSè :;D is #5N
#5N, The question is asked to (3:66) M C SK;C 1= * := K5=&C :K ;C 1= 0
forbid the audience to debate
unnecessarily.
:= 2L 5S
( 0K := K 5S
( *K ( =&L := K5=&Cg
(3:119)
!( U; '( "( J(D SL-( K( MC S= < = *K ( Kg := K5=&Cg
'L 7
= 0 E5{(DC ' 7
= 0 P= G 'L 7
= 0 P= G := 2L = ( DC
(47:38) !( $ ( 5 P= <
.:( "( E P( = E .V ( C1 _4 !( U;( K =

V
K 1( $
= 5 E0N( K K1= 5 E0N( .P( 0 ( S= 0 h
( (G
(1:1-4)
P 0(U ¦ C W( .: "(-$= K ¦ C 5( g=
:= ( "= ;C < _
( SK= ( "= C := ( "= ;C < = 1 5=&C
(1:5-7) V E
:= gK h
i(C= &L := ( T4 P= G( xgK C;< h
i(C= &L
(2:5) MC SK;( K
= &C := K *4= C 5C& := ( "= ;C < ¥ S KC C P0(U UMN(
(2:6) M C SKG( = 0K := gK 4= ( K* := C
:= K C ntG !K U; := gK O FDC }
a G := ( T(SL;%L J(D
(2:10) M C SKT( 2 0 SK5C T( :a "(&C _ a C<


SK*B DC 5( = < C;< EF5 EG( I
H 0=4 J(D := KL M N(
!( U; M( KO P= G( := L Q RK SK<O= !( ;( ) G( P= G( 3H 4 SK$T(
(2:23) V %( O( W := KL M N(
:= K5=&C := 2L $ L 5C& MC S= $
* ((T ~ E CMKGK B *&C
(2:44) M C SL;-( 1= * CD&C _ 2( MC SL;= *
Q SK := 2L 5SKGSK$0 MC S= < = D( q( P= G( := L "= E,5 z N(
:= L Q $5( MC SK" = $ = 0 := L Q T=&C MC SKTC 0K _ ( C1
:= 2L T( % DC z N( .:a "(< := 2L T4 P= G( ¥ T := 2L (zC J(D
:= K5=&C MC S= < = D( qC % &C := L "= ,
5=BCDC
=
(2:49-50) M C KL *
a "= > S gK (U(T 5O= &C S gK (U MC SL( =$ = *&C
:= ( "= ;C < = T( t K := KBC G := 2L C UM{(DC n= G( SLk(g=
h
(zC !( U; P= G( I H T( yT L 2C $
= L U
V
"(E MC SL;K- 0 !( U; 8 ( 0(T MC KL 2 0 SK5C := K E5BCT(
MC K1= 0 SK5C =S < T( h (zC ( "= T(
(2:61)
M N( EJ5(G&C UN( _
2( MC SK;C 1= 0 MC S"G&L := K = G(
(2:78) M C SL 0 UN( := gK
MC SLSL-0 E:L := ( 0(0=BCT( _ 2( MC SKK2 0 P 0(U;( 'b 0=S DC
:= K C 'b 0=S DC
n "(;%C nC !( T( K#= "( !( U; ( = <( P= G( Cg
MC SK$( 2 0 EG( := K C 'b 0= := ( 0(0=&C =C EG(
(2:79)
Worth Reading
The Treasure’s Map. Search for the real treasure.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0005-Treasure.htm

qC F 5C& T( KL 2 0 M &C := K $

L 5C& !( T( = R= $ i T(
P= G( !K U; qC F0K M &C !( ;(
= DC P= G( !K U; qC F0K M &C n"=T !K U;
I
H T( yDC p( O( <( P= G( y #0 P= G C;< !( ;( = DC
(2:90) V a ( GK _ a C !( U; = <( 3L >( | 4K E := 2L C = 5C M N( ' %L
V
%( O( W := KL M N( 8 S= =SE DC ~
( E M( KO P= G(
(2:94)
:a "(;< !K U; := ( 0(0=&C

= G E%C T( nT&C pK S= E 0 P= C
(2:95) V ( (U(T
pK K = &C !K ;C DC Pa $
( = GK S gK !( U;( !K = : ;C = &C P= G C;T
MC SK5F = 0 := gK := ( "= ;C <
a S= > !( T4 = <(
(2:112)
h
i(C= &L !( *( (* E !K 5SL;= 0 _ 2( := gK "= * P 0(U
MC K( 7 := gK h i(C= BLDC !( T( = L 2 0 P= G !( T( MC SKG( = 0K
(2:121)
MC SLD( 1= 0 C !K 5SLD( 1= 0 _

2( := gK "= * P 0(U
:= gK E MC SKK2 "C := K = G( n-0(DC UMN( := gK Q T=&C
(2:146) M C SK;C 1= 0
n"AC n } ( 4= jQ J(D EG( SL;L ~ K E 0&C 0
V
a (GK ¡K < := 2L C !K E5N( M( Ck"= E# 8
( SkL >K SK1(E*
(2:168)
:= 2L U;1 C _
( jQ J(= &L 0 3b " ¾
( -( J(D := 2L C
(2:179) M C SL-E*

J(D !K C G "5= J(D *( ET4 qL SL-0 P= G ~

( E P= ( DC
J(D *( ET4 qL SL-0 P= G := K = G( .@
H > P= G( 3( >( |
4( E _
C< %( n $
3( >( | J(D n $ "5=
(2:200-201)
q 0K P= G H "T H 0 P= G( := gK "= * := C 'C "( = N( J(T '

_
( C-1( K 0(R ! U; UM{(DC !K *= Q G ( 1= T P= G( (!U; C 1= 5(
(2:211)
SKG%C := Ki R( E5&C := 2L C= SK*B DC := 2L C

b = := L £K $5(
= #T pK SL%KG := 2L E5&C SK;C <= ! U; SL-E* := 2L $ ( L 5Qj
(2:223) V (G( = K
!K U; pK * M &C !( T4 J(D : "(g T=N( E (U CN( * := C&C
(2:258) h ; K
nz&C 1K = 0 H %C W
P= G( a "= > 3b ( = G
a K1= G qb S= %C
(2:263)
J(1 E* P= G !( U;( J(=

K = ;C = &C ' -L DC S M {(DC
(3:20)
MC S= < = 0K _ ( 2( P= G( n"( 5 SK*L& P 0(U CN( * := C&C

:= K = G( a 0( DC US 0 E:L := K "= T : 2L
= "( !( U; _
( ( CN(
(3:23) M C SKt( 1= GK := gK
:= 2L "= T "= T H S H ;( C CN( =SC1* _

( 2( 'C g= &C 0
K 1= T C 7 ( E0 ni="R !( T( ( # = 5K ! U; UN( K1= 5 U&C
(3:64) !( U; M ( KO P= G( nTT4= &C n=1T

Lesson 7B: An Introduction to Islamic Economics - Part I

In this lesson, we shall study the basics of Islamic The life of the creative man is lead, directed
Economics. This is taken from a book O % ´1G and controlled by boredom. Avoiding boredom
JG6 of = j Í PT W5 "# . is one of our most important purposes.
= j Í PT W5 "#( JG6 O( % :(1G

v ~D6 oN -0A ± J<( , ( J R J(K & "-#(T 3C W1f 3C 4. sMN
oN !-0A ± :( - ( s'G ' ( 0K H0 H 5 4SLT MC SLi0 W> ;1 C > &C
³
( O( K PG H <S,T( hz PG JR '2T 'GR Pa 0O 6 sM& :;15 .q F
.9,K O( 3( " ± O % ¦ ( # I( 5 S :( "T qL * J( qSKWj
_
( < O % :( ;1T OK S -f
N :;1 g G J( 0O % ( ;2#f K 0* n & I K U;kC 0 _
( ( ;< ( 5 ±
@
K SC *K K* ( 0# 81, sM& _ ( 5 ± C 0O % C ;2#f ¬ E7;C * ( SK (
.OH 4( SG P(G 0 G
K g S Jg (34 K ( ;2#G & ( 0O % ( ;2#f :K ";< K ;C kK0 G Jg -"-. pg
.1" C 0O % : 'L #* J( L "j L "- s; 0O % 8
( 4
O % ( ;2 S; 1

( $K0 M& ( #"1f ± - Lq1 - (0k L G- K -C :_1 M( $ ±

. K-0
Essence, core K g S They predict MC SLi0 Road signs :(1G
Studies 8
( 4 West (Europe &
America)
_
( Civilization 3C 4.
Premise, problem, matter L "- Resources OH 4( SG Capitalism J(K &
Scarcity 3( 4 K Socialism J R

_ ( ;< 8
K 01*
¬70 :K ;1 Sg & (3 ) :K ;< Sg O( % : ;< sMN” :1" O| ... ?01

( 56 ("g( D; ( 0O( f _
( j ;< H W> ( T F( "( 9G (:G jy ( '( ( ( 4T
“...é .. J< 4F & J(<
J(T O( % :( ;< L C (
#< PG) M( - ( >( & oN 9K ( 0 zN Ãx"($ 5 3( B# r
L 0 _ ( < O( % :K ;< K (10
P0#1 M( - ( 0 T 9G x0(KG 0( 5 x;(K B* 8
= &C T P0#1 M- ( 0 T 9G
'( S K 0* 0O % 3( ";
H g& 9( t oN hz 8 = + ,* - J;1 (1TA
0* ± Jj 4 I K 1 ;0 `
W& O % I K gfD
gj pg ( "- G+
p(T O % Igf .81, "N 1$* J( 0O % "<
( gj
oN H CO P(G ?
K ;( 70 I
( $
( Sg 2""$ q( K 8g,*T ( ; "( MS20 3L 4S
.:"g pg ± q( K
( > x1* >L&
oN :C1 : $
-C 5 r
L " "5) ( E"( C1 _
(
( 0 T oN n0-* OK SK10 a > 4a Sk* !K -C <& 'T
qOK 20G& !";< K k( "$*K Ë& I g K (10 J(T K 2$1f P=0 2C $1KG
!";< k"$* J R Igf K (10 J%# 2$1f "(& ( T "T( TK4&
."%# T4& qOK V "( K4
(1) Adam Smith (1723 – 1790CE) is the considered the founder of Economics. (2) Meaning of this paragraph is that
during initial decades of 20th century, Economics followed politics.
Distinguishing feature x1TA Production

( 56 Concentration F( "(
Military camp K 2$1f Industrial J(< Welfare ( "g( D

8
K -"(k* O % I
H gG s'2 ` W& -D h L ,"5 n30< n O : ( 0 P02$1f PG s'
:K /
K 1 !";< K ;C kK0
K zC S & J(gf K "k g "N y , q( K ; P2K0 b ;7KG
.(O % (
3C 4- ! sMBT H EGK G '§ S" :C1 J(D M( <4( 0 P( "= 0O % P( "= gf MBT :C;15
I
5º K 2( K0 Sg n0OG x G SK0 ËK& I K gf .0O % ( ;2#f s' ;< pK
'( ;< !("1* ± K 0K p(4< ± !K 1K 0 !T 'L ( 0 !2 J(%>j & J( K
xg,* p(4T !,0 J R I K gf .J%>j & J I ( 5º Of I ( 5º VT
I
( C S( K " S K
K !5& ;< O % '( G1 oN K L 0 n "; P 0 K 2( K0 !2 x0OG
.P 0(O" ' ± 0#
'T ( ""$ "< 9, g t& OK0 Sg 9H Û s'2 O % 9tSD
PK E
0 !5& ;< (G & oN K J(0 !5& N P( "= gf P0g
( SK0zL :4 .L E"(0 !K *K "(-<
.}
a S-G gK 'T K/- 'L -K* b T a -
( KL ± J5($56 ( 2; K 5 5& :qH T ;< G( MC S2* M& J0 b "& a - g
J5($5N H 2D ' _
K S#0 G TS#0 M& TK !5& LE"T(K4j L i" Jg H E"1 GK H iC"T ± HW>
.qH SKR ( < ¬ H -5 P(G
HM2G MH G+ ' ± !L-"k* P(2K0 ËT !5& bE"($
5 b "(% S( ! d" P( "= gf sMN
."D BC#
5 J(
s'( ± N nG* nD P="gf :D P2K0 !5&
Spread
( SK0zL It does not pay
attention
'L ( 0 Application of school
of thought
J(gf K "k
Contradictory }
a S-G Separation '( Model
K zC S
Specific environment H E"1 GK H iC"T Caravan I
( C SG Both of them struggle M( <4( 0
It mixes _
K S#0 Fields, plural of M "G P 0(O" It takes a direction SK0
Relative b E"($
5 Establishment 9tS Material (opposite to
spiritual)
n0OG

Ë(& P="gf P(G H ( *T -D Mb SgG (O % ( - 0A MBT O( -< B(k7 P(G
3( "; 'b GR Pa 0O 6 sMBT n- PK G( K5 L MN :P="( ;$ PG ` K 0 J R
I
( 0 PG FE" K s'-( $f O % !K KgG ( 6 ( sMBT ... P G( 5 M& h PK 5
.< P=";D P=";$f PG a "= ) s'( 0 -"-. pg I ( 5(j ;1 PG ? a " 40 M&
JG6 O % 2 &
O % y .$ M( - PG K( 7$5 J( ( 0O % G1 q( SWj L <S,G Sg
:P="< S5 ;< Jg H < ' H iC"T s' I ( $(T qSWj h ;* ~( & ;< !K"(-5K
(G J1( k% 'H W& oN H 1 ( 4 & H"1k% H O& P(G !KG2 & 5 G Sg :L T) K 2 j :qj
s° ')(G '( K ; ML S (9" ' T ( GK " ( $ & ¤2 M( - ± O4
:')G . ="( ± P( "= "C)5j
.[29 :3- ] “.n1"( }
( 4= jQ J(D EG :L2C ;C > (U S gK ” :o1* !S%
.[275 :3- ] “.T E 9 "= !K s; U' &C ” :o1* !S%
[32 :$ ] “.P = $
EG I
a "( 5 $;( SK$ a "( 5 (q;” :o1* !S%
EG I
.[7 :#. ] “.:= 2L (G "( BC P "= T n CKO MC SL20 C J= C ” :o1* !S%
“.!LG !Kt< !K GK O :a :( ;$f ;< :( ;$f s'” :$ 3 !";< qS qS%
....MH 2G MH G+ s'2 b (W Jg ('0 ( & ( "= "(; ( ;T% K "= qL SWj pg
J oN 'T J1k% 'W& oN¥ 1( 4 "1k% !KsO& P= 2* :C G Sg :3E" K K 2 j :å)
( "-* "" (*-5 ( 8( O 0N P"= T ( 5+ SK L "(;< ')G (CO ± & g( ± ¥ S
4( ( !( ;< nGF;G !T 'C 1 K 1( 0 K S g .é ... 9, '( > O M( +K S
2 j PG 4 70 M& P0, ;1 P(G ( -C 1K s' 'g& & (( ,K ( Gj J(S +S,"D
....3". 8 ( ,
( $KG ( St ± nG p 0 G
Government revenue ( 8
( O 0N Budget ( 5+ SK Group ?
a "

p(4Sk* JG6 O( % :( ;(< 3L B#5

^ ;W qS 3L " 5 .JG6 9( 0# ( 0 T G O( % qC SW& 4% % K6
P(G MR ;l !(,5 ;< 9( 0# g ( "k " xzS5 :; !";<
90 hz M{D 3b OG qj 4( ± 0O % 8 K 2#f 3L ". 5 Pi .p1T
:P0Gj
J=< q( <& ;< MK ( -0 S5 zN ÃO % ¦( # ± 9( t K S (i" K -CD :qj
.O( ( -"
3( 4, 3O ( < 4F
.4 2( P d
"* EuC D (~S P(G !( 2* J(0
K + S 3L ES%L :å)
MSK1 0 y ;1 &C T L 0O % L "- 8
K 4 ( kC #( 58( G1f ± 9 S ~
K &T P="
r
L * J( ?"5 hz ± SLUBD .'$G 4( SG& PG :(5G+ ± , ( n "<R nG2 &
D , J(5) M- ± 8 = J( !K - I
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monopolies
4 2( Dishonesty in business
deals
EuC
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Face the Challenge!

What is /01*? And what is its purpose? Give
three examples.
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K "(#*
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implementation
( "k
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( 10#* Change qL
Evils ³
K $G Profit `
K T( Establishing law P
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( *N System 5j

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( #f Ownership h; Economic depression 8
( G+j
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being
$5 Falling ¦
L SKg Unemployment ( k
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( CD( 5
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Control, supervision L T% Competition, rivalry C $Df Selfishness L "5(5j
Conscience, self-reproach ( "= t Understanding :( g* Monopolization 4K C)i

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(1) The author wrote this book at the time of Soviet Union. Communism resulted in collapse of Soviet Union. After
that, the two torch-bearers of Communism i.e. Russia & China adopted Capitalism.
Worth Reading
Arnold Schwarzeneger is one of successful person in the world. He also had to face a
big problem. What was that?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE04-0003-Schwarzeneger.htm
Fall down ( -L -* Laziness '( K 2* He cancelled &

Quantitative & qualitative x<S5 x Soviet J(""(DS Frustration ¦
( N

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(1) The Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W forbade the traders to approach the villagers coming into town to sell their products.
The objective to such traders was to buy cheap from the villagers and then earn higher profit by selling at high rate.
Dual (i.e. public &
private)
( O F= f Taking care of each
other
'L D2 It is not exaggerated J(0K

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a S GK Being a representative
( 7 Nationalization :( "GB*

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Declaring unlawful 4( ( K Incentives, plural of 9D O 9( D Possession ( G
Respect }
K 1 Instincts, plural of 3F0 F( Goods P( "= 1

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Satisfaction
K RN Sector (of economy)
( Ck-( Preventing
K O
It died 8
= ( > Marketing ( 0S$* Enrichment y N
It became non-living Shops 8
H G Sacrifice "
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(1) In order to encourage agriculture on empty lands, the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W said that whoever will start farming
on an empty land, it will become his property. It is now not applicable because all empty land is owned by the
government. If the government allows, then it is OK.
Making a boundary with
stones
"= ,
( Watercourse, canal '(0$ Gardens, public parks 8
( g(Ff


< Ï5
= E* zN ( Wl "2;f J(D 'L >0 H j nS;G P= 20 ´ (G I ( k. 9K Sg :_k Ï6
.!C >B0 x1"T x<5 !T
K 0 H ((< !K*+ "
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. J(T q SG& PG nt4& ( "= TF; 9k%& :; !";< ^ ;W qS M& :!("<#G ;< sq0
8
( %KkL (( . G1 V;$f D G 9 k-0 M& ! `( 0 .[47 p 4]
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+& [72 :?S0] “.:a "(<+ !( T( 5&C H "= 1( T 'L = ( !( T( P( ” :o1* ^ qS% p+ S '"O
.M- BT "%K ;< '( 1º C >& :; !";< ^ ;W qS
.}
H S< ( "= T 3". J(D h K "; J(1* :0( "k1 ( ( qL S% Ï11
(T
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( * ( 1T N h
( ;f J(D 'L >* 9G( Sº ( ( $f _ ( ST& (@ Sj ± n ( 01* ( 1T N
.gO4 41* M N CT ! PK
0K ( W ( J(, T( qL KF0 ?01
The author has described the situations in which a person can become a private owner of something. You can add
more lawful examples to that. Some of them have become irrelevant after industrial revolution.
Reciting Quran for
medical treatment
"%K At that time H ((< Profession, vocation

Finding a lost item whose
owner is unknown
L k-; Giving a piece of land
K k%N Collecting firewood _k
He will pay as guarantee PK
0K Mountain passes
a ,D( Possession 3+"

“.PH 0=O = &C T( J(WSK0 H E"W

( ( 1= T P(G” :o1* q% .8
( S 1T qT
K Jg :0WS Ï13
[11 :$ ]
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H 4 oN q( f qL -5 :46 Ï14
$E SK*” :o1* q% .( 25 P< ntS< 3L &f pL>K B* G Sg :@ Ï15
.[4 :$ ] “.n ;C
= 5( EP( *(C%K W

."5)
Wj :g :% 3( F q SG& PG
K K p>B0 G Ï16
! E !(2;G P(G 84W U-
! - q( T I
PG :( S ( - P(G L >0 G Ï17
.-0 M& ¦ H #T à

Wl "2;f ""-*
P 0>| @ ( S-(T 4( t6 < 'L L 2* OH S"-T Wl ( "2;f J(D
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N H ; G I( ;,( 8 = 4 E-C * MN 6 J(D x1" @
( S-. MC BR K5BR L "2;D (1 `
( ( T
pg PG .¤2 M- ¬T !< J KG y < ¥ < 4 sMj Ã4 ( 1T 3b "-G 5&
5j Ã1M( S, !"($ ;< ( , _ ( S PG "G6 10# p4-* G 8 ( -"k
`( ( T (C4ST 4( t6 oN hz O"D * O0K M& #70
M( K$0
2 .( 1 K# K 5 h !G 1
(1) If a person is mad or fool enough that someone will take his money by cheating him, the government should
appoint a trustee for him to take care of his money.
(2) If a land is jointly owned by two or more persons and one of them wants to sell his share, he should offer it first
to his partners. If they are not willing to buy his share at the market price, then he can sell it to anyone else. This
right is called preemptive right.
Mad M( S, Obtaining I

( ; Contribution, donation
K
Preemptive right ( 1 K# Restricting ;< ( , Granting - q( T
Fool !"($ Harming 4( t6

6 ± EG1 "2( ; (

:G ¬K 7 0K PG & G< ~ P "= 2* J-0 (1 & (P"= 1 J(D 4a -G J(<R :K 2 Jg
( 1; x E 7KG qL MC S20 M& G1 ( "2;fT K -K0 .( SL;T
( 5 H "1G H ; (
± "j ( D f 3L O< ( "2;f PG K S g 'L #0 V;$f ( < 1G & G1
:D g& .g=" 4=5j (4,G 8 ( %KkL (
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MS;$f ” ::; !";< ^ ;W qS qS% !;"O V;$f G< ;< 1S g("=
"<º ( ; ; 0( pg ')G K 0-* 1“.4 Ç(2 y :H ± ¥ R
p( ,=* g ( 0- ."D ";< K (-0K & 1DG ~ P< d
K (0 % OD ( GT C <º E4*
PT K < V;$f '( "(7( ;1 29( "(- } 4& :; !";< ^ ;W qL S
.V;$f - gÇ( '1 2 3( T } 4& !< ^ Jt4 _kl
FK E,
* 4SK)C $ ( * 8 ST S-* @S-. <* L : 8 ( -5 PK "= G( B* (2
1 :";1 PGj ~; PK G( * V$f G" ( 1 (T S-* wS"º

a T 'b > O q(
( " M zN N g PG Ps2* Jg .<Sf G1 8Gl D
C h G J( q SGj 5: d ( K >K 4 (7 30Fº (3F ¡-$G
P< 4 G Ëf O( O 8 z G1 "2;f ( E"( g & ;< q( ) .G1 "2;f 6 8
( 4)
.7 @ 1 }4& ± !< ^ Jt4 <
(1) According to this Hadith, the Muslims are encouraged to share water, pasture, fire and other low value items
with others, if they need them. (2) Names of areas. (3) Tax taken from Non-Muslims to grant them exemption from
military service. (4) Tax on production e.g. excise duty. (5) 1/5 of war booties is payable to the government.
Remaining 4/5 is divided among the soldiers. (6) Government should invest in businesses to earn profit. This profit
should be spent on public welfare. (7) After the conquest of Iraq, the soldiers demanded to have a share in the
agricultural land which was previously owned by the Iranian government. Caliph U’mar !< ^ Jt4 refused and
convinced them to leave that land in the custody of government. The income of such land was spent on welfare
projects.
Fortification for defense of a

city
4SK)C Utilities, services ( D f Strengthening, giving
benefit
P "= 2*
Investments 8
( 4) Pasture Ç(2 Taking benefit
( 5

?K %S q( <j pg PG :V;$f PG V ;< 1S 0="7 q<j 9K "(,#* (3
;< JG6 1,KG ± =" x4O ="l ? %S O& - ^ ! !T O 0K
L CS K Jg ?
K %S qL SG&
( 5 -D .S" "%T "1 pK4
= + G .I
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.hz P"= ( $ 0j
g4O G G1 "2;f qÛ
'AT SD N T &
1G 'H 1D ;< MC S20 M& - ¦ C R :0="l
K %j Ï1
."< n2;G K "= 0 (?%( S h
;(G !< qL KF0 `
K " ?%S
M & MKO V;$f ( ; ( K 8 ( S }4j P(G FK K G6 J(0 M& Sg : ( Ï2
` * M& 9K (0 bG< b "2;G b S;G } K 4j pg ` K ( *K hT :G PH E"1G OH T E¬7*
} 4& :; !";< ^ ;W qS ( O ± .Wl "2;; n G 1T & s;
( - gÇ( '1 3TT nt4& _kl PT K < .V;$f '"7( ;1 9"-
."j G 9 G :"R( G "D <* V;$f
:( 2K( n-"k* :";< O pg J(t 4& C $% MSKT4K I CCA ( # @ ( 1 ` D E:* G<
;< K +S *K ËT : : 2 L >K B* Jt 4j pg sM& K < VGf K "= G& C&4 .:( (
& ¾H > K 0 2 h;G 0 = $" ";< :00& (;g& 0BT (-* 5N .P="T4
.C % MSL2;0
( (7 ( "= 5 J(D C 1f MC SL2;( 0 :5&
Face the Challenge!

Identify ten situations in which a question is asked in figurative sense.
Disabled 3( F ,1 Hospitals 8"#$G Extent, range

Orphans 0j Babies whose parents
are unknown
( Ck-C ;L Financing L CS K
Prisoners P "= ( $ Disabled P01- Libraries 82f


K $% S” :q% !0&4 ";< T J( _j M( "T ± V;$f <ë & ( GÇ }4j MS2*

= $
-C 5 % }
4j MC K,
( "D V
;$f PG J(*B0 P(T ?"2D ¥JR :1T P( 0 ´ } 4j
}4& PG p("= T ; à '( G( 4j ( E04( L ; MS20 G H&(T g G =8F "( ( T| P<
= C4
“.@ 1 #
& Sg G1 ( "( :( ;< J(D ³Of & 9G K ( E0 !"N < ^ UD & g
Sg O( 4Sf g ')D n0S OH ,G H T OH 4( SG ;< 1* M& I
K ,
( 0 ( C "G sMBT '-
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OH S,G MO 8 b 04t 8 a 5j :4 Ç2 ( "j 8 K . Ï3
± : ± R MS;$f ” :$ 3 !";< q% . 7 OK !G-0
pg ± K ( .[O O ST& ¿& !>&] “.`;f ” :> r0 ±
t& “.4 Ç2
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( 0 1T4j "Rj
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5 gOS ?
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G g .K*W "D K DC S* >L& ¥ "R& 1T4j "Rj pg ;< ~ C-0K M& P(G 9K 0 G K S0
g & PG >& n4SG& "Rj pg ;< SKC% G< "G6 ( Gj ± M, L j !K ;C 1 DC
"R& 8 K S%" 0=2 4K - (q( ) b b ; & b ;W = 5& ¥ S MC O( 1
G1 ( D ; ¬ > G 9" :(-( V;$f 8%KAL ( 4( # b3=") >&
.$G H~4 G PG
Bitumen, hydrocarbons 4K - Salt `;f It was owned 8

= F "(
Sulfur 0=2 The process of Qiyas
is applied
;< ~
C-0K Widows '( G( 4j
Conrundum 8
K S%" Petroleum
b Planning
( "k7

(T 9 C " n AT & 3n g H 0T H E0T OH SG P(G }

( 4j pg ± ^ O & G :M(O1 Ï4
M( O( 1 L "2;G MSL2* hz =" H`;G HD HIgCz CqT H~K5 H0 P(G ~ K
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y k1 G OK E,
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Those who bear loss P "= G4 Burden <& Mines M(O1
Ore, mineral +( Encouraging 9( "(,#* He deposited
O &

J(< q( , J(D H <SG 8

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5&
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.b -;kG $" 3b "-G ( Wl ( "2;f MC BR K5BR C G1 C "2;f sM& h
z ± Gj L W>
Worth Reading
Islamic Threat – Myth or Reality. An introduction to the book of John L.
Esposito. A detailed analysis about the world Islamic movements by an
American professor who studies Islam and Muslim Movements in an
unbiased manner. The writing is in Urdu.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0012-00-Islamic Threat.htm
1/10 (tax on imports) 4K SK#1K Coins (making coins) h

( 2C $
( Airlines 0Sº ¦
( SLkl
L

Lesson 8A: Real & Figurative Use of Interrogative Words N

Dear Reader!
You have previously studied different
for asking
Suspicion is your enemy. Try to
questions. There are also used in figurative sense. We’ll defeat it.
study that in this lesson.
Various words are used to make a sentence interrogative. The detail is as follows:
• & &: It is used to get some information. For example, J;< & DC a 0+ &C (Did Zaid travel or Ali?). The
answer will be the name of that person who traveled. It is also used to confirm something. For example
:K "(g T=N( 0 ( ((T Cg
; 1 DC 5=&C&C (O Abraham! Did you do this with our gods?) If the question is asked to
confirm something, the answer will be ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.
• 'g: It is used to confirm only. For example, K ( <= jQ (S$ = 0 ' g (Is the blind and the seeing
alike?). The answer of this question will be either ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. 'g is not used to get some information.
It is only for the confirmation purposes. The sentence J;< & DC a 0+ 'g will be wrong.
• G: It is used to get the explanation of something. It is equivalent to the English word “What”. For
example, y <4( C- G (What is that disaster?). G is also used to negate a sentence. The context determines
whether it is interrogative or negative.
• PG: It is used to determine a specific person. It is equivalent to the English word “Who or whoever”. For
example, 4K SK-L J(D P
= G r
L 1 = 0 ! U; UM&C (Surely, Allah will bring out who are in the graves). PG is used only
for Allah or His intellectual creatures i.e. humans, angels and giants. It is not used for animals, plants and
non-living matter. G is also used to determine a specific thing. For example, !( T( M
C SL%C 0K G K = G( MC SKU;1 "DC
!( ( = + ( = P "= T (These used to learn from both of them by which they caused separation between a
person and his wife.)
• ìG: It is used to determine the time of a specific event in past or future. It is equivalent to the English
word “When”. For example, y K <= S Cg G (When this promise will be fulfilled).
• MC E0&: It is used to determine the time of a specific horrible event in future only. It is equivalent to the
English word “When”. For example, P (y 0 K S= 0 MC E0&C MC SLBC$
= 0 (They ask: When will be the Day of
Judgment?). The difference between G and M C E0&C is that G is used to specify any event in past or future
whereas M C E0&C is used to specify a horrible event in future.


• ?": It is used to ask the details. It is equivalent to the English word “How”. For example, MC C ?
"= C
V
T(2C K L %( < (How was the end of deniers?).
• P0&: It is used to determine the place. It is equivalent to the English word “Where”. For example, H i(G S= 0
C P 0=&C (Today, where is the place to flee?).
• :: It is used to determine the number. It is equivalent to the English word “How many or how much”.
For example, H "T H 0 P
= G( := gK "= * := C (How many clear signs We have provided them?).
• E5&: It is used for various meanings. It is equivalent to the English word “From where”. For example, E5&C
a L J( ML SL20 (From where I’ll have a child?). It is also used for the meaning of “How”. For example,
*(S= G 1= T !K U; p( ( g J("
= 0K E5&C (How Allah will make it alive after its death?). It is also used in the
meaning of “Whatever or whenever”. For example : = Ki R( E5&C := 2L C= SK*B DC (Come in your tilth in whatever
way you want).
• y &: It is used to select something. It is equivalent to the English word “Which”. For example, &C
&C P( "= -C 0(C (Which one of these two parties is on the right?).
Face the Challenge!

What is the difference between #5N >? Identify three examples of each
in this lesson.
Rule of the Day!

In order to express that “I think…”, you say P
L &. It requires two
qS1G. For example, x"(AC hL &C (I think you are a doctor), J5N(
n4SK$ = G h L jQ (Surely, I consider you as a victim of magic), PL &C
n (C% C < E$ (I consider that the Judgment will be implemented)
etc. You’ve to adjust the pronouns accordingly.


Use of Interrogation Words in Figurative Meaning

Sometimes, a question is asked in figurative meaning. For example:
• 0S( $*: To describe equality of two options. For example, := gK 4= ( K* := C = &C := K *4= C 5C& := ( "= ;C < ¥ S (It is equal
whether you warn them or not). Here the is used in its figurative meaning.
• (5: To describe negative meanings. For example, ML $ = 6( UN( M( $ = 6( y F ' g (Is the reward of
generosity is any thing other than generosity?). It means that the reward of generosity is nothing except
another generosity.
• 4C25N: To deny something. For example, !K U; = &C :K ;C <= &C := K5=&C&C (Do you know more than Allah?). !( U; "= C &C
MC SK<= * (Do you call someone other than Allah?). Both of these questions are asked to deny that.
• 5 G&: To instruct or forbid something. For example, MC SKKG := K5=&C ' g (Will you abstain?) The
question is asked to instruct the readers of the Quran to abstain from intoxicants and gambling. : = K 5S= #
7
= *&C
pK S= #
7
= * M &C &C !K U;CD (Do you fear them? Allah is more deserving that you fear Him). This question is
asked by the Quran to forbid the audience i.e. Muslims from the fearing the unbelievers.
• 0(S$*: To create desire. For example, :H "(&C _

H C< P= G( := 2L "(,K* 3H 4 ,*( C;< := 2L OK &C ' g (Do I inform you
about a trade that will pardon you from a painful punishment?). The objective of asking this question is to
create a desire in the audience to think about that trade.
• :"(1*: To express the respect or power for someone. For example, !( 5(z {(T( UN( pK = <( 9K C #
= 0 (U Cz P= G
(Who can intercede in Allah’s court except His permission?). The objective of asking this question is to
demonstrate the respect of those who will intercede in God’s court with His permission.
• (-*: To express the disrespect or weakness of someone. For example, (U Cz P= DC := 2L L 7 = 0 M N(
p( ( 1= T P= G( := L K K = 0 (If Allah leaves you, then who can help you after that?). The objective of asking this
question is to describe the weak position of a helper besides Allah.
• IK,1 *: To express the amazement. For example, !( "= ;C < !( U; :K = ( zL EG( SL;L B * UC& := 2L C G (What
happened to you that you don’t eat on what Allah’s name is prescribed?). The objective of asking this
question is to express the amazement with an ultimate objective to instruct the audience to eat the
slaughtered animals on which Allah’s name is prescribed.
• "< !"(*: To warn. For example, V

( C1; ( a z( UN( S gK M N( .MC SKg * P 0= BCDC (Where are you going? It is
the reminder of all worlds). The objective of asking this question is to warn people about their attitude.


Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and describe the objective of each sentence as given in the
Analysis Type J(T<

Jews are warned by the Almighty who considered 3n O K1= G nGE0&C UN( 4K E E$ * P= C SLC%
themselves to be the favorite people of God. They
?
;( 7 = 0K P= ;C DC n=< !( U; = <( := *K 7
E* C& ' %L
thought that they will not be punished except a few
!"*
days. Allah is asking them whether they have a real G !( U; C;< MC SLSL-* = &C pK = < !K U;
agreement with Allah or they are just saying it
without any basis. (2:80) M C SK;C 1= *
'C i(K C := 2L CSK4 SLBC$

= * M &C MC K0(K* = &C
(2:108) ' L = %C P= G( SKG
8
K S= _ SL-1= 0
z N( Q RK := KL = &C
SLC% (1= T P= G( MC KK1= * G !( "(( qC C% z N(
'C "(<Ù : "(g T= N( h (T ! CN( h
CN( K K1= 5
MC SK;( $
= GK !K C PK
= 5 n( nCN( = N(
(2:133)

= N( 'C "(<Ù : "(g T=N( UMN( MC SLSL-* = &C
= &C nOSKg SK5C ¦
C = jQ _ SL-1= 0
(2:140) 4 5
:= 2L *(B 0 EC C E,

SL;>K = * M &C := K= $( = &C
:= K = E$G := 2L ;( = %C P= G( =S;C > P 0(U 'L C)G
qC SL-0 E SLF( +K y EE y B
!( U; K = 5 G !K 1 G SKG P 0(U qL SKE
(2:214) I a 0(%C !( U; = 5 UMN( C&


Analysis Type J(T<

P= EG( :K ;C &C P= G !K U; = &C :K ;C <= &C := K5=&C&C ' %L
(2:140) !( U; P = G( pK = <( 3n O R : C
~
( E;( ; %L
5C&&C : 0= G P T= $"(< 0
qC C% !( U; M( KO P= G( P( "= CN( JG&L J(5L7 ( E*
d
"= C G qC SL%&C M &C J( ML SL20 G h 5= K
(5:116) T( J(
:K "(g T=N( 0 ( ((T Cg
; 1 DC
=5&C&C SLC%
(21:62)
!( U; M( KO P= G( MC KK1= 0 G := gK K #

K = 0 S= 0
:= gK = &C ( Kg (O<( := K; ;C t
= &C := K5=&C&C qL SL-"DC
(25:17) ' C "(E$ S;t
:= K0=&C DC &C .MC SL% *K =S;C DC := L - ;C > PK = 5
PK = 5 = &C !K 5SL-;L 7
= * := K5=&C&C .MC SK= *K G
(56:57-59) M C SL-(7
9 DC 4 .gT y E$ = &C n-;> R &C := K5=&C&C
(79:27-28) g ES$ DC 2C =
'H ;C L J(D !K U; := K "*(B 0 M &C UN( MC KL 0 ' g
CN( K G= jQ J
( %L L 2C ( ( P= G(
(2:210)4K SKGj y 9K = *K !( U;
Worth Reading
What is the problem of a modern man? Who deserve the Paradise?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0003-Deserving.htm


Analysis Type J(T<
U&C qL -( := 2L "= ;C = &L = %C
"= C !( U;(T MC SL 0 := K $

K L 5=&C := K = Eg &C = %C b C (CA
P= G( C ' g MC SLSL-0 ( E";( g( , EPC
(3:154) H J = R P= G( ( G= jQ
M &C UN( EG( MC SK-( * ' g _ ( 2( 'C g= &C 0 ' %L
'L = %C P= G( qC F( 5=&L G "= CN( qC F( 5L& G !( U;(T EG
(5:59) M C SL-( CD := L )C &C UM&C
' g : 0= G P T= $"(< 0 MC S04( S qC C% z N(

P= G( 3n (G "= ;C < qC F0K M &C h
T4 9K "(k$
= 0
(5:112) ( E$
= &C n = T !( U; _

K C< := L *&C M N( := 2L 0=&C4 &C ' %L
MC SK(U K S= -C UN( h
K ;C = 0K ' g 3n =
(6:47)
M N( C pK SK( 7
= KDC :H ; <( P= G( := L = <( 'g ' %L
MC SKWK 7 = * UN( := K5=&C M N( EPU UN( MC SK1(E*
(6:148)

= kC ( 3( >( | ( C-( *(0(T SKTUC P 0(U
MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C G UN( MC = F ,
= 0K ' g := K L<= &C
(7:147)


Analysis Type J(T<

pK K "= C !H CN( P= G( := 2L C G ! U; KK<= ( S= %C 0
:H "(< H S= 0 _ C< := 2L "= ;C <
K >&C J5N(
(7:59)
:= 2L C 'C "(% CzN( := 2L C G SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
}
( 4= jQ CN( := K; %C U !( U; '( "( J(D K( 5
DC 3( >( | P= G( "5= 3( "
(T := K"(t4 &C
'b "(;%C UN( 3( >( | J(D "5= 3( " KG
(9:38)
?
K SK0 C;< EG B * h
C G 5T&C 0 SLC%
(12:11) M C SKW ( C !K C E5N(
P 0(( E$ 9 G MC SL2* U&C h
C G d
K "(;T=N( 0
(15:32)
!K 1 G SKG P 0(U qL SKE qC SL-0 E
I
a 0(%C !( U; = 5 UMN( C& !( U; K = 5 G
(2:214)
' %L g= GK MC E0&C ( < E$ P= < h 5SLCB$ = 0
(7:187) JT4 = <( K ; <( E5N(
V
%( O( W := K= L M N( K <= S Cg G MC SLSL-0
(10:48)
MC E0&C MC K1K #
= 0 G H " = &C K "= C 8
a SG= &C
(16:21) M C SL)1 = 0K
Worth Reading
Suspicion kills a person. How? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-
0007-Suspicion.htm


Analysis Type J(T<

/
H 1= T( MC KL 2 * _ ( 2( / ( 1= T( MC SKG( = KDC &C

a F= >( UN( := 2L = G( h (zC 'L 1 0 P= G y F DC
CN( MC O 0K ( G "-( S= 0 "5= 3( "
J(D
(2:85) _ ( C1 R &C
( >( | ( S= " !( U;(T PK G( = 0K := 2L = G( CMC P= G
(2:232) K A &C := 2L C C+= &C := 2L (zC
:= C &C qC C% *S= J( = *K ? "= C J(54( &C _4
J(; %C EPi( k "( P= 2( C C;T qC C% P= G( = K*
(2:260)
?
"= C ( 4= jQ J(D := L 4K S 0K (U S gK
(3:6) : K "(2 FK 0(F1 S gK UN( ! CN( y #0
:= ( 5(µN( 1= T KC C nG=S%C !K U; (= 0 ?
"= C
:= gK Q ¡ qC SKE UM&C K( R
V
( (U S= -C (= 0 !K U; 8 K "
(3:86)
8
K 0 := 2L "= ;C < C;= *K := K5=&C MC KL 2 * ?"= C
= -C DC !( U;(T := ( 1= 0 P= G !K LSK4 := 2L "(D !( U;
(3:101) : H "(-$= GK ¦ H W( CN( ( gK
Rule of the Day

If a verb is already 1G in its OÛ J, its '"1* _T also indicates the huge amount
or intensity of a verb. For example,
n K 4 K ( ,
= K 'C %C (The criminal killed a man) will
be ( 0C- '
C g= & K ( ,
= K 'C E%C (The criminal killed a large number of people of the town) or
n K 4 K ( ,
= K 'C E%C (The criminal killed a man brutally), 'C
K 1= kC %C (I cut the rope) ,
'C

K 1= Uk%C (I cut the rope completely), : ;C -C $
C (He broke the pen), : ;C -C E$C (He
broke the pen with full power) etc.


Analysis Type J(T<

8
( B 0 SK5SL2* G P 0=&C 8
( "= 7
SL-(= CD
(2:148) n1"( !K U; := 2L T(
P 0(U;( qL SL-5 E:L n1"( := gK K #K = 5 S= 0
:= KL P 0(U := L £K C RK P 0=&C SL R= &C
(6:22) M C SK<K F= *
a "(R !K U; ' %L 3n O R K &C H J= R &C ' %L
ML =-L Cg EJCN( J ( L& := 2L "= T J("= T
MC K #= C := 2L E(&C eC ;C T P= G !( T( := L 4 ( 5yj
(6:19)
P 0(U qC C% 8 H "T *K0 := ( "= ;C < C;= *K CzN(
a "= > P( "= -C 0(C &C SKG P 0(U;( KC C
(19:73) n0 ( 5 PK $ = &C nGC-G
M( z {(T( 3n
)(C n iCD(
= ;C C H ;C "(;%C H iCD( P= G( := C
(2:249) P 0(T(E 9 G !K U; !( U;
MH = %C P= G( := ( ;( = %C P= G( 2 ;C g= &C := C =0 := C&C
:= 2L C P= 2 5K := C G } ( 4= jQ J(D := gK EU2G
(6:6)
'b (C% qC C% := K "= T SLQ $"( := gK ) 1 T h
(C C
/
1= T = &C nG=S0 ) (C SLC% := K) (C := C := K = G(
(18:19) H S= 0
Worth Reading
What is backbiting? What is its impact on a society? Read in detail:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0003-Backbiting.htm

Lesson 8B: An Introduction to Islamic Economics - Part II
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall continue our study of
Islamic Economics. This is taken from a book ´1G
Peace is not the absence of war; it is a
virtue; a state of mind; a disposition for
JG6 O % of = j Í PT W5 "# . benevolence; confidence; and justice.
= j Í PT W5 "#( JG6 O( % :(1G

3"-C E0O( (% C E0L. :n"5
M& hz Mb SG 3"-f 0O % L 0. Sg JG6 O % M4& PG J(5) PK
:( "-( P(G OH (T 0. pg "-0 !2 H-;kG H 0O % H 0KT( O( DÇ `
K $0 K g
.6 (T PG0 J(
nD> J R Ë(& P( "= 0O % P< JG6 O % ? K ;( 70 n0& P( g ±
qH <& P(G y #0 G qC ( F" -;kf 0O % 0. O( ; 'L ( 2K0 ËK& KO %D .x"T
K & ! K -
0K !5& K -( 10 ( n-A -D ( " 7# !(; G ( St ; C 0 h;K0 OK D $%& Sg G oN p E1 0 'T ( . g <
J(D MSC0 J( 9( ;($ K 0* O( DÇ K K 0 M{D g P(G K )C& 'T .!T S-0
1T (10(+ST S-* (5N ;< 'L 1* Å 9;$ h ;* ( 0(T L GS2. K S-* 'T (
.1 8 C%CkT O( Dj ;< hz
(1) The author has indicated towards an arrangement in communist countries. The government takes full control of
food items and then distributes it through ration cards.
Goods 9( ;($ Marxist (related to Karl Marx,

the founder of Communism)
J$4G He engages in qL ( F0

0O % 0. pg PG 6 ?

K %( SG G
JD M1 C = ;k0 :C !2 gK4O( 0K & g2K0 ´ 0O % ( 0.T 6
<
"-*
K ( $* xOS"% ";< 9 t
( K % pK K ,
( 5 0O % 0.T 6 !"D
< ( %S
L :J(5) .6 ( 5 ( P(G x<#G O % ¦ L # MC S20 M& :qj :P0G&
!( & /
( 1T 3( R( & !(" & O DÇ O % ¦ ( # ( % ( GN Ã('> J(D (
.C MSLi"$0 & O Dj < FK , 1K0 ½ O % ¦#
± a #G O % ¦ ( #5 U' sM& 'L Wj :n<#G O % ¦ L # MC S20 M& I,0 :n &
sG& .L T6 ( "Rj ± 'C Wj sM& 3H <- n-"k* hz !(0=T ¬ O 4 G N 6 s'
d
"(% G zN ( 'b ";% !5& °
L ( D O % ¦# !( & P(G !(0=T ¾S 8 = Q G
J( O % ¦# !( & ± .O % ¦# ± 'L Wj Jg J( ( f !( jT
S-* 5j Ã";$ 3k 0A = 2C * % 1" 5& "T 9,0 !5& K ,
( 0 6 G
'AT :( SG& +( FT & ~ u( ;< & (Mk;$ z( SLK q( & 3( SR ;< GN
.:*( :g(+S< 8 +( 5 & :(R1G 804t ± (:2 &
'b 0= ” :!5 q% [188 :3- ] “.'( A( (T :L2"= T :L2C SG= &C SL;L B * C ” :o1* q%
“.MC K$ (7= 0K := gK SK5+ E C& := gK SLC CzN( .MC SLDS= $
= 0 ~ ( E C;< SL CzN( P 0(U .V
( kC K ;
qS-0 [276 3- ] “.8 ( C% E J(T= 0K T !K s; K
= 0” :!5 q% [3Ï1 Vkf ]
:C G 4( "7T M( 1" ” :qS-0 “.JG d";D u PG” :!";< !G ^ 8 S;W qS
:qS-0 “.(1"T L T = -C
( GK T C MN (1"T ± C 4 SKT E"T C% W M{D C%E0
“.(A> N K 2( 0 ”
: nD g& O % ¦# P(G !( j pg :( 0=* PG K 6
-
@
( ( ?LA1 :( K '( DL 2 P(G d
H &L ;< 0O % ~ 8 K %< S-* M& :qj
.u :( L ( DL /
( L P(G n T (q1
Poverty, lack of resources +( S< Taking advantage of +( 5 Taking by force +( FT

'( oN ( , PG n T (!("( * q( I$2 ( º q( T '( 1 oN ~ 9K DO :J(5)
.( 1"tS q(
.O Dj /1T ( 0& ± 8
( C) :( 7
* oN O *K J( ( D( @
K N :r)
:O % ¦# P(G n W> x4SW 6 E %
IK E* * J( "< 0O % 4( oN 9K ( 0 5N T :( 0=* L 2 :T -D
3C sMj ÃI$2; H "; ( "= L ;" K (1* ( 0S( T @
k sM{D 0O % ( " PD !";<
9 kC - e;G P< 3b 4< 3L pD J5N '< C ,"5 J(*B* } K ( -K ";< L'( 0 J(
(P"= *) N J(D 3b O0+ }-
C ( K0 M & MC KT G1 3( ) PG ËT } ( ( - qG PG
3b O0+ $" 2 (g ± 3b O0+ Jg T ( 0A P< ~ ( /( 1T q( SGj J(*B* J( 3L O0FD
.G1 Gj 3( oN ni"R ? "K* 5j Ã(9% S ±
P 0(<- P(G H A ( ;> oN ( k oN '( $2 oN 3b <G TT '( GK 1 4 #5 sM{D h
sM{D "< ( " P(G .'H < & H K MO p 4( 5 ( 0A P< qC MC SK$ ( 20
P(G K 0(F*K !(* oN ni"R ?
K "(*K 5j Ã(0S( T 8
( ";1 P(G ni"R K "($0 9 ,
.!(*52GN !(*4%
( C2T(
L "K0 J( K S" !"D 'L >K * k7 '( Wj ± Sg 4K :4( SK"TK
b3=") 9( " g ;< L ;)Gj .!(;& & !(G & P) & P( )CT 'L º Sg (M10(
'% M S". '( 9K "T S ± ( "= k ( ± h( $ 9K "T ®
* M& '% 4( ) 9K "T G
J(T& P1D :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 ( E$ K T(
a T S" P(G ( S g :K 0=* . CSK0 M &
_
( T Jg ( S" P(G S g :( 0=* L 2 “.4( 9( "T P< ^ qL S4 5” :q% 30g
.8
( <+K 8
( CD(7
Borrower }
( ( - Lender }
K ( -K Deposited, kept ( 1"tS
Laziness, idleness '( $2 He deducted 9 kC - Magnification, increase :( 7
*

& ( kC ;$ q( ( 0A P< :q( ;< q( S ; z( S qC x0& L 10# ( G E
J(T 8 ( %W ;< !K ;C 1 % :; !";< ^ ;W qSD a g ( "(C; PT r0 (zSL
!";< ^ ;W ^ qL S4 I ( D EJCN = 0( gL& 0 g pg :2 g :q% 9 4 G1D H:";
n 4 'L ( 1& J5{D 1T G&” :!";< & ^ ( M& 1T q-D ~ I kC > % :;
D EJCN = 0( g= &L 0 g( pg :2 g :qS-"D :LK & J(*B"D ^ J(5s G( 4H SG& J(D :2(G
“. & !"N K0& K L "D !( G& ( "T & !"T& ( "T ± d ;C
@( 5N 0A h "% !5{D (q I ( $ 'C K 6 E"% 2D :

6
MC S>= N( SK5C P 0(4K UMN(” :o1* q%
0
6 9K "D !"D
( q
h ; (DC #
"(1G 8 = k( T H 0= %C P(G 2 C;g= &C := C ” :!5 q% [27 : 6 ] “.V ( A( "E#
( S oN K 6 SK<0 .[58 :¬ - ] “.n;"(;%C UN( := g( ( 1= T PG PC2$ = *K := C := K K( $G
“.xG S%C h (zC P "= T MC C KK- 0 := C SLD( $ = 0K := C SL-C 5C& Cz(N P 0(U ” :@56 J(D q <
.[67 :M% ]
!5 ^ qS-0 (qK PG !1= G q( F = h K 6 K 0K :q FK =
“.:H "(&C _H C1 T( :Kg= #DC !( s; '( "( J(D 5SL-( K0 C C E( I g U MC KF(2 0 P 0(U ” :o1*
.[34 :TS ]
¦# ± 'C >* M& 6 s' ± ( P(G :O % ¦ ( # J(D 'L > * :n"5
/1T ($T ( RK & !(" & ¦ ( # g ( % ( ¥ S KO Dj pKR( 0K O %
.!*RG MC SLi"($0 & O Dj !< FK , ( 1K0 O % ¦# !( &
qC > ° C zN 9( , O D& VT O % M+ S ( "- ( Gj J( 'L >* hz PG
;< "= J(T L "CD + V :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 !;1D G Sg (M+ S hz
P="T MC +K S : "(-0K J2 hz ÃP0"= -D P( "= ;C K 4 sN :; 4 5j MC O :gE P0
P0 4( 5j VT (0f oN :(0T DC C s2G J(D :C SG& SL* % SK5 P0 P0
C3) qC MSL2;( 0 S5

.')( P( )CT 0(2KG P< x= 3( 2C K 9( ;($ < 9K "T x0& hz PG
G1 Wl "2;f ( 0( 'L
:";< ( -T6 g(K S* ( -
* x4SG& ( "2; h;* ( 0( 6
R

( +( S L "( * ^ S-* _
( 1( I
( 2# (hs; J(D "( PK $ Ï1
.!G nDS> ^ n TGK J(0
.
$ S 8-
K >N q SGj F( = ( < 3F
K >N Ï2
.I
( ( %C $ M
H S5 BT q( SGj ;< ( < :K 0=* Ï3
.(T ^ G& ( 5Gj y O& Ï4
.8G1K (OSL-1K ( "(S* (P0( L T( Ï5
.3>| P< } <6 K < "5K ®
( g( T(
( (T qL < Ï6
GN Ã!(( 4K K
K :Sg !K "$ :p=" `(W !($5 ` ( ( !( "$ ;< K , Ï7
"5 z( T( ( ( ± !(4 !(-$( GN MSK, J( ±
( P( $K ( 1
;< ( ,. p("= ( M( $56 ;< ,. .:( SG& ±
PG MC SK10 ) D
.r
( ;L )L ;< 3H O0FT
( J(D /
( 0 ;< !(G L
( d
( ;( K
.~; !K KiC"* '( 1 ¾
( DL OK ,=0N Ï8
eL ;C T& I( $
( K ( 0S M - k;$ L T%4 ( "2; 0( ' P(G :k;$ L TC%4( Ï9
0+ SG (;"(02G J(D @ SÇ !(% KT( hz "( P(G q SGj ( 0( J(D ( "= B*
( CO"( Aj P0(O E P "= AE"7
% G 42 u 8 41j ( 1TG
.:(k0* :(=gN I
( $T pS;*& G :0
Measurement
instruments
'( "(02G Seeking company _
( He executes/exercises K R( 0K
Prices, plural of 1 41j Development L "( * Control ( % G
Pharmacists, chemists ( CO"( Enjoyments ®
( g( G He observed °
C

J<( = 'L DL C2= :n)

'D2 O GK J< '( D2 &LG Sg JG6 O % M4& P(G r L ) PK
& - qC zN rL "(T (#"1; n- S$KG "D OH D s'2 L P E * sM& J<
.!(-"-(T 3( F ( 0A P< L C
( ;C U2C * S$ g ( "-* MO C > SK7"# & }
P< ! xF" * “02 ” ML S;$f y - !";< ;C A& G Sg ( #"1; K S$ g
sM& sN J< 'D2 ( "- oj L ;"S Jg 3F ( 5 zN .“
( 2 ”

ER 3F S( > n- q( ± sM& 4 E% 5N (3F ;" (T ?20 :C 6
.3);( x"*
C 46
3L F .3F _ K 5 !( 0 LD S* :H ;$G U' K 6 (T F & "<R b 0D 3L F :3F
( <º 5j Ã6 M4& P(G +K 4( J< PK Jg 'T 6 M4& PG Pa 4
d JF * 5j “3+” = E"( K .:0 G H k 'L C 2K* J2 'L K* O ( K<K J(D
“. T( :("F *K := gK K kC *K n %C W
:= ( ( SG= &C P= G( >K ” :o1* 4* . qS-0 hz ± 9,
.[103 TS ]
oN L "(DS$* b E"G( FN b 0D Jg 'T :;$f 4( "> a G MH $ N O,KG $" 3L F
( 4(
( gj J(D sN 10+S* & C;" qC 1 +K SK,0 >j I ( ( I ( 5
PG 0A P< 3F 9 S0 Sg G6 .TS 34S PG 8% 0 =*O J(
PG 3C F MSK1 ,0 :( "%j oN !* 'L ( K0 $ 3 !";< M % (} ( !KTK 0
qG ± ( "= -; a S;1G a 3F .5S- ( $0 PG ;< gSK<+S "K( :";< IK ,
( * P0 ( "j
( .q SGj _ ( W& P="T ( C-L P="T b R MS20 3L F !"D I K ,
( * qL D J(
.
n AT !1"T MS20 !K W !K < T zN !1"T +K SK,0 3L F !"D
= zN qC sM& y - 4 E%C
Fragments x"* Old age C > SK7"R Taking care of each
other
'L DL C2=
It will take in full J(DS$* Sufficiency 02 Level S$KG
Taxes, plural of 0t I
( ( Edge
( 2 Suitable n-

P(G pK O ( K -0 (qT n-U;1G x0O 3L F

( 5 C3F O 0K :C ¬ a 7R 8G zN !5& h
.M( SK0K ( ( ;< q( g
M& & 8. $( ( ; (-0 (G qL MC S20 M& ¦ C R (qf ± 3F I K ,
( * J2
!5{D ( ; (-0 (G qL M z{D . q( SG& PG d" ( 56 q( SG& PG MC S20
5N ; L 70 (G qf M zN G& (OSL- '1T ! W !K = (0 ´ S 3F !"D I,*
I
K , ( * !5{D ( W 2K$ 3( E1 K 4( ( DC 8
( O& q(F=
( B J( 7# ( 5
.3F !"D
3F; ( "< ( 0O % 4K |
:3( F; 0O % 4K | (1)
4( ) oN ~; 9 DC K0 M& !(5BR PG 3F 'L " * Oa ,D :4( ) ;< 3F K "= B* Ï n &
:(* ( % ± G MC SL-( K0
S 3( F S- ( $KD 3F ";< = *& N :( SG&
PG 4 "* : < K0 M& !5BR PG g .8 H G> & x1;( = 5& S "
.4) oN O *K 3L O0+ sM& x0O %
1f
'( P(G ( ;"S 3F ( ,5 _ ( & PG :3) 9( 0+S* 3( O<N ;< 3F K "= B* Ï n"5
( $*T q( S#T :$ * hT ("G( q SGj 9( " ;< K} K* 5& .3( ) 9( 0+S* 3( O <N
9( 0+S* 3( O<6 b O 3b O& G 'L 1 ,0 hz sM{D .0S 42* 3( F ML S2D h .(-"k* 3( <%
.3)
Effects 4K | Assets

( & Payment O (
Consumables " Home q(F= Loans, plural of P0O M( SK0K
It is subsidized : < K0 Tools 8
( O& He obtains (-0
Current assets 4 "* Prepared 3( E1 K Growth (of money by
investing it)
( 5
Expansion
( $* Residence 2K Cash O( SL-

sM& x0O % ( S;1 P(D '1 ;< 3F 9K ,

#* ?" G& :'1 ;< 3F K "= B* Ï n)
pK"= B* ! G& g (qS> ± 8 ( 3( P(G 'C U;-C * M& (5BR PG '> 9( 0+S* L3O<N n ";<
.( Ck < J(D ="2
' -( 0 Q "j sM& ( S;1f PG .( -C L oN ( "j q( S>O P(G 8
H '( -5 ( ";1T K S-* 3L FD
;1D y - G& .4( >O . 'L " :g< K 0F0 1 ( 'L " :gO . '" :g< ¬ K -( 0 . '" :g< K 0F0 d ( 21
g< K 0F0 9( ( , P(G H A oN ! ES *
S 3( F C ;" M& Jg b Gg b ,"5 hz ;<
. . 'L "
9( ;( I ( ;A J(D 3L O0F !";< I K *0 Gj (q1 I ( ;k 3( O0+ oN p(4T O 0K g
( G ( 7$K ( "( 56 9( ;($
( 4 oN hz O0 L" 8 K < K KD (
.3( 0, '( 1 ¾
D h x1* 0F*
K 56 K 0F0 hT " 9;$ ( <W ±
(1) This is a concept of Modern Macro Economics. When income of a person increases, his level of consumption
and saving also increases. It is called “Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC)” and “Marginal Propensity to Save
(MPS)” in terminology of Economics. But the tendency for saving increases at a speed greater than the tendency of
consumption. See the following table for example:
Income Consumption Saving MPC (Change in Consumption/Change in MPS (Change in
$ $ $ Income) Saving/Change in Income)
1000 1000 0 100% 0%

2000 1800 200 80% (1800 – 1000) / (2000 – 1000 ) 20% (200/1000)
3000 2500 500 70% (2500 – 1800) / (3000 – 2000) 30% (300/1000)
In above example, you can see that with an increase in level of income, consumption increases but its propensity
decreases. On the other side, saving increases along with its propensity. If this person grows rich, all (or major part)
of his income will go to saving which will result in concentration of wealth in a few hands. It will result in poverty
and unemployment in the society. Zakat redistribute this wealth. It is taken from rich and paid back to poor. When
poor will receive this amount, they will rush to the market to satisfy their needs because their MPC will be high.
When they’ll spend this money, it will generate more demand. Factories will produce more and level of employment
will increase.
It will be circulated
K *K Saving 4( >O Marginal propensity
'L "
Industry 8
K < Distribution of
income
'> 9( 0+S* Consumption (

3F; ( "< 4K | (2)

.( -; (k<N L " 5 ("j P(G g(>& L " 5 :P( "= " ( 5 PG 3F; "< 4K | K *
'( 7K `# K P(G "j g EUk0 M & !(5BR PG hz sM{D "j PG g>& L " 5 PD
:"D K 10 M& !(5BR P(G g .I ( $ 2C P< P0(F( < :C MH S>6 ( k1 q( ;< :gKOS1K0
.J< '( DL 2 I
( ST 4K S1#
($ ( -( P(G :S5 k0 M& hz M( BR P(G sM{D ( -; 3F ( k<N " 5 P(G
-L 4( KRK P(G x"= ) y "j PK GK B0 hT .8
( T kt P( ( PG 9K , ¬ K ;7 0K
.9( , ( 4& 3L EOS K PK Gj OK ES$
0K
J(-kC 8
( K PG 'b ; -C * J(D :"< ( S P(G P( "= G g P0& 3( F; sM& P E"* hz PG
.( C J(D 1 P( Gj ;< ° L D( *K
JG6 O( % ±
K 56
.:(*0S$KG :(*4O
( > ;< ~ ~

( S5 ± x"= xF"
K 56
K StSG ' 0 ...
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oN :;$f 3L 5 :L .@ ( F*(4 _
( $ ± M$56 4( O q> P(G K StSf g u%0K
¦( *4 g(O1* (D> ( K '( 1 ( S5& 5ß J$" 4( f p(4<T '( 1
PK "5K :L .@
( F*4 '( 1 ± ( )"l 'S; !(,* "g & .( "k ( ";$ !2($(T '( 1
.q ~( &4 P( 0S2 C E"$" W
( 1 ®
K (15 :L :(* q( E1K @
S-
9( , M( $56 3( " ± Jj K Gj Sg !5& !(; !(;G S< 5ß L 0O( 3L
.9t7 '" K 1 Sg M$56 G| "$ Sg
K 56 MC S20 M& 1(T
Avoidable ( K 8
( K Hatred, grudge ( -(
Difference in classes of
Capital q ~
( &4
society J(-kC Earning livelihood @
( F*(4

'L 1 :K ;$
qS qS-0 .5ß "j ( G < @ ( F(*4 oj L ;"S Sg 'C 1 6 K (10
M N b "T & a "= A !G 'B"D n<4+ 4F0 & n ~0 :;$G PG G” ::; !";< ^ ;W
.[:;$G p 4] “.%W !T !
G sN !( SKAC G& ? K -( 0 !K 0=F< 0K .!( !( ;( < ML "G Jg (1 ( ;< } K 4j
nSLzC }
4= BC :K 2L C 'C 1 (U S gK ” :o1* q% . . q. O( P(G ' F< ^ pE
;< '( 1 SG K ( -0 [15 :h;f ] “.4K SK# !( "= CN( !( %( += 4 P(G SL;L (( G J(D SK#G= CD
H 1G & 'H < ' 'L ( #0 9K $ ( E0 5N .4( ,=* & ( ( & M( G &
(
S "D & 04 ON & "gz & 0( 0 n < M& ¥ S .!s-$0 H & 'C T-G M$56 0OK0
.'b < ( G1 ( Wl L 0S( jD .( ; & "1G H iC"( & ¬
H 7# M&
'1 8
;< !0O0 'C 1 P-( E"KD (T DS PG 'L G1 PK s20 !*;kG !*GF;$G
1* M & Ï1
.!( P$ &
P= G = &C 9K "
( 5K C E5N( 8
( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U UMN(” :o1* q% ÃM-*6 ¾>6 Ï2
.!(g,* ( "($fT 4( S1# !(0<4 PK $ '1 M( -*N PG [30 ?2 ] “.n; < P $ = &C
.[1 :3f ] “.O( SL-1K (T SLD= &C SKG P 0(U 0&C 0” :o1* ^ qS-0 :O( SL-1K T DS Ï3
R J(D 3L ". (T `;W& 6 t DC J( 8 S PG :L CQ $ _ K $. Ï4
h . = DC ÕC (* S# = * zN "5$56 d
sM{D .$f _$. I K "( S5
' I;% ± M( =06 ° L < SD qj :>| Kg & '20 P( "= O P( "= "%4 "D K 6 %&
.!(* !(E<K I K ( K0 :; !";< ^ ;W qS M % (MS5- ML k;$D å) .:;$G
Administrative 04 ON Trade, commerce 4( ,=* Ambition, desire

( SKAC
Organization H iC"g By hand, physical (labor) 0( 0 Industry
( (

q( E1K @
K SL- K
'b 4 G"- S0 :KK ( > 5& b ” :JL- r( 0. ± o1* ^ qS-0 :j y " Ï1
!k1K0 :C !(G CDSD x"= & B 'b 4 !C 'C C BD
T 'b 4 4 C :L J(T k<&
“.!C%< E?, ( 0 M& '% p& "= j Sk<&” :$ 3 !";< ^ qS4 q% “.p&
( E"( ";1 ( E"
( ( 8( Gl K "= DS* P"= ;G1 ( ML t Sg :( 0< ( 02 Ï2
( "$G P(G SD .:C qb S2G 9( , ( T& 9( ",( 4a -G a G& g .:(0L :C ( "<
O R PT O4S$f P< .g<* L ";< S-* J( ( "$f PG !(E"<4 ± H 4 s'
n3&G K EF";D 3b &G ! P= 2* :;D ni"R JU PG” :q% :; !";< ^ ;W J( P<
a O> ! P20 ´ PG xG 7";D I a C G ! P20 ´ PG x2$G L 7";D Pa 2 ! P20 ´ PG
“.n%4 & n G"- S0 n TN & n F= hz S 7* PD xGO> 7";D
6 ±
( 56 FK D( S
!( %( += 4 P(G SL;L (( G J(D SK#G= CD” :o1* ^ q% :3O1T !LA*4 !"D 6 I"* Ï1
% nG1A a & '& G” ::; !";< ^ ;W qS qS-0 [15 :h;f ] “.4K SK# !( "= CN(
[47 p 4] “.p0 '< PG 'B0 M O O ^ J(5 sMN p(0 '< PG 'L L B0 & PG =">
L "D “.S5 G ³G '2 5N 8"T q<j 5N” ::; !";< ^ ;W qS qS-0
! (T J(* C - K* P h5N)) ::; !";< ^ ;W qS-0 8 ( O< oN 8( O1 qL S
*K
.[!";< G] “.h(*&G :( DC J(D '1,* G ";< 8
= & N ^
J(*B"D !K ;L :K & C >K B0 Mj” ::; !";< ^ ;W qS-0 :( ,( q $ P( < 5 Ï2
& pSk<& ~ qC B$0 M& PG ! > ! (T ?2"D p( ;< I ( k. P(G H G FT(
± d" G"- S0 J(*B0 ~ qB$0 'L q F0 ” :qS-0 [47 p 4]“.pS1G
[!";< G]“.:H C L < FG !(
...I$2 ;< P04O- ( 0S%j P< 3( F 9K G Ï3
Piece L < FG Begging ( ,( Incentives FK D( S

g L "(* :~ VT M1* P(G !K Ks;k0 G M"T (}4j ±

( 7 4( T K "- Ï4
'T p( < 'j -D !;j d" ( 56 "g& 40 `
K ( ?
K ;7$ 'L 1,0 4( S1#
.- q"j G& G< "$G
.hz PG 3O "g & }4j 3( 4< } M( $5ß MS2 ^ ( "= 7$T 4K 1#( Ï5

( #
( 56 K W
( <
.H KG H 1G 3L O0+ & Oa ,=0N M$56 !T K -K0 ¡J(gz & ¡J5(T OK S,G ' Sg :'1 Ï n &
~
K &4 :å) .- q ~&4 :qj :V$% oN :$-0 qL ~&4 :q ~&4 Ï n"5
.4( C-< 8 O& (8 E1( GK 8 PG :J("1 qf
3=") }4j 8 ="7D :>j "1"k O( 4( S }( 4j 8 "= > PG 3L O Ï n)
.";< & (AT ± M G ¥ S <SG
'#0 :JG6 O % ± K E
K 56
( "= T ( "= q( G ;< y " Sg :I
K Ï6 4( t6 0A P< q( L "(* Ï1
9( ,T
( !C;< !C;1(D G Pa C 3b & Ï7 T Ï2
.Pg2 M( S; J( 4(
K S"T Ï3
3SR Ï8 q ;< q( S ; z( S qL Ï4
42 Ï9 !( ;< q( L >& Jg :%$ Ï5
($" 4K -L Ï10 .p(+ PG 4( ( ( "( 7

Income of a
prostitute
J( ( G Real estate 4( C-< Awareness, perception 4K 1#(
Payment made to a
soothsayer
Pg2 M( S; Capture y " In kind (other than cash) J("1

"G6 ; 0O % ?

K S
:O % !( "(S "D '> ( ; #0 J( 8,
.GE 8
( , J(D '( 1 9G Ï5 .x<R G 9H "T 9K G Ï1
.!<
( (G '( 1 ( O& ± ( "= - 9G Ï6 p(4S W
K !(2R& ( D2T u 9K G Ï2
K C zN 4( 1j 4( SKjy K 0* Ï7 '"(02f ± & 8GSK1kf J(D M ¥ S
& "D ~
.< SK1G .hz S5 81 & P0+ Sf
:g(O< K 0* & (3 $
(kS y N Ï8 .G1 (
( T
K 0 G 9"T 9G Ï3
ËT ;2 P( C ;< T4j : C * ~ q( SG& `( (T r ( 1 9G Ï4
.²
( ES$
GK MO 9;($ ( oN .G1
:"D '> ( ; +K SK,0 J( 8,
.(A#5 ( 4(T ( E0S( T ( SKK;
( $
')G ^ G 'L ";* Ï1
."T H ; G MC KO :C
= U; & J( 8"k P(G ~ 9( o1* ^ U' & G :K 0=* Ï2
'( j O( Dj ; T( 4K t6 & O Dj / ( 1T 9( 5 '( j <º ( ; (T 4 t6 Ï3
(T 4 t6 & 3( S# '( j O ( ; G ;< ( <º ( ; G :K 0=-* & :g("= O( D&
.O
JG6 O % ± @56
!D g&
'( )C C !( s; '( "( J(D := K C SG= &C MC SL-( K0 P 0(U 'L )CEG” :o1* ^ qS-0 :!(*tG ^ !( y T Ï1
“.:a "(;< 9a ( !K s; #0 P( ? K <( 0K !K s; H E L iCG H ;C KK 'L J(D 'C T( 9 =
= 5C& H E
.[261 :3- ]
Increasing prices ( Cost ;2 Middlemen & brokers 3( $
( kS

~( S ± J(TK0 @56 :J< 'D2 "-* 9, O D& VT M1 Ï2
.!( oN 9a pK4 Mb 1R 8
T PG J(T PK G( G ::; !";< ^ ;W qS qS-0 M1
.( t
3( F ;< I
( ;k
( ?
K "(7* Ï3
JG6 O( % J(D @
( 56
L T St
.S"5OK & J(0O ( G& '( " * }
( ÃJ<# !( ± qL 0 M& Ï1
.8 S & 85S$ & 8 ;< qL 0 M& Ï2
.. 4( % ;< 8 ± q @
K 5N MC S20 M& Ï3
.I
( $
2C 9G x5+ SG @
K 56 MC S20 M& Ï4
6 J(D @56 qL ,G
4( s-1 4( v
4 (G 8
K Oº :'#0 :- Ï &
@56 PK "10 hz S5 (8| ( K4F d
( ;< L - Ï1
sMj Ã W nG+ hz M zN ";<
( F ;< - Ï2
!< Jf q ( <tN PG C=gN
._
( 7* _
( 4%j -5 Ï3
V;$f 3( 5K ^ '" ± @56 Ï _ P(G 3&f MS2* % Ã(3&f ( O> -5 Ï4

. ( 7* M& C J0

( 4 S2 8<, _
( . PG P04f
"% -5 Ï5
.hz S5
;< PK E"10 :8
( O, :( -5 Ï6
G" P(G . z ;< @56 Ï
J( P< 4 .!T ;< 0 M& M$56
.V$f 'C G( 4j J(D = T( <K 3n &G sM& ::; !";< ^ ;W
. S - PG "(-$f 3( j qLT Ï O .x<SK
= *G =$ 3g(
Catastrophes, disasters
( 4 S2 Famine 8<, A cat 3g(

OK SL-1K
.!( ;
G J(D p&
K ()K0
H #G !( ;< qH S-(T _
H ,0=N ¦
L *(4 :Sg
:4< J(D >B0 JG6 O % sMN :L .qS- _
K ,=06 :M4 -1;
±8 ( G1f 8( O1 VT K 6 @ K C 0K :`( ( W-; "D 0 (8G1f OK S-< Ï 1
G& # !T Q G ;< ? K %S "D 'L Wj 8 ( O1 sM& V ;1D .90# ® (
.:<
( .
C 9( D4 (3". w1f ± O( 1 ` ( ( G ( "- ÃL T6 "D 'WjD 8G1f
s' 'T b"1G b "W C ¦#0 :;D :g(OS -G ;< sq0 G '2T K -( 1 * 6 ± OK S-1 Ï 2
L ";g& :C PG p-< % O G p4K !";<
K (** x-< E< qS- _ ( ,=06 ;< UqO G
....!"D %1 +SK,0 "D E:* (%L 1
MC SL2* MC& UN(” :!5 ^ qS-0 Ã(%* P0%1 tT N :(* 6 ± OK S-1 Ï 3
'C :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 W& % [$ ] “.:= 2L G } H * P< 3n 4 ,*(
M2D .10> :& “T> ” :!( R !(1"T < qC S-0 M& 8G1f ± K 7K0 !5BT ! C2R
.4( 0£K 4"> 3¦
( # 4"> 2d ( ;, 4"> 1P( 4K ">
( T2T ~ V T q( 1 G%N @ ( S-; x5t OS-1 "S* 6 KI( SK0 Ï 4
P " ÃP0 OK SL-< .3O1f '( f ;0Sk q( | 8 z OK S-1 n W> ";< O( R6
CzN( SKG P 0(U 0&C 0” :o1* ^ qS-0 PKT K+ P< ~ 1( " !U- z s'2
M({DC := 2L (4 PG P( 0= "(R K( # = = ” :!5 qS-0 “.pK SKK CD $ G 'H &C CN( PH 0= T( :K0 *
gK = N( C KDC gK = N U'
( * MC& # P G( MC S= t
= * PEG( M( *&C G= 'b K DC P( "= ;C K 4 5SL20 := U
[282 :3- ] “.>= jy
The right of canceling an open agreement is given to a party in these cases: (1) One party breaches a term of
agreement. (2) A party cancels the agreement before finalizing it. (3) The agreement is conditional. If such
conditions are not met, the agreement will become void. (4) The agreement is about sale of a product and the buyer
is given the right to cancel the agreement after he looks at the product, if it does not meet the quality standards
mentioned in the agreement.
Right to cancel an agreement 4K "> Putting an offer _

H ,0=N Contracts, agreements OK SL-1K

'
( 0K !5& 'C Wj sMj Ã(:; P< K 1( * P0%1f P="T qL 1 O( S-1 s-* M& I
K ,
( 0 Ï 5
.!G d5 I ( "A P< sN :H ;$G ³
( G qC G
: 1* MBT hz :@>j 3O1 ± ( 10# K W-G 8 ( G1f O( S-1 -* M& IK ,( 0 Ï 6
kR ËS* M& 8 = O 4& hz
= C > z{D .";< ( D (G%N ;< '1* ^ 1R
J(D
= ;C >O ML k"# gUS* -D _ O| O( . p( ( ( ;G g ( 0O 9( D( f
.r"l I$2 '( 'C "(T &
6 5 -D g PG “.x"A N 'L K-0 I
a "A ^ MN” ::; !";< ^ ;W qL S qS-0
:G 8ê ( f PG ";< I*0 f Ã8G1f OS-1 P(G ;K P<
PG qH > :H "-G :H ;$G s' P< ("1 Ã1º W> 3 ; ( K % 9( " P< J Ï
=S1 = CD ( 1 K ,
K ( S= 0 P(G 3( C;E ;( (OSK5 CzN( SKG P 0(U 0&C 0” :o1* ^ qS-0 ."<# 4 <j
.[9 :1º ] “.9 "= K4zC !( U; ( z( CN(
(#K;
C ;< ( < oN g O 0K ( Ã!">& 9"T ;< ' 9( "T P< J Ï
.qj
. oN O* ^ "D 0(#G L;( 1$0 J( "Rj 9"T P< J Ï
.'K0 P< J Ï
.Mj 0* 0(O-
( T N 8G1f OK S-1 :(* Ï 7
qS qS-0 :Q S d " u 0K M$ 6 @ I K ( SK0 6 Ï 8
MN 1"T ± C 4SKT "T C%W M{D %0 :C G 4"lT M1" ” ::; !";< ^ ;W
J( Ë I :q% !< ^ Jt4 > PT 1 K L 0“.1"T T -G T
:( ;$f PG :( ;$f 9K "T > PT ( 1 PG ^ qS4 Í R G g” ::; !";< ^ ;W
.[47 p 4] “.i" @>& & ; C )> I"< & Q O
Quantities 0(O- Trickery, deception 'K0 Traps, plural of S & 'C "(T &

9( /
( 0S1* 9" O4 #f J(k1* P2 gL( * C ;G1f ,* C 10# sMN
PD : 'C T6 ( *K ” ::; !";< ^ ;W qS q% Ã!1"G ( 5N PG C > & <
[47 p 4] “. P(G a W gO4 R MN ;( 0 M& 1T P0 ( "= 7
T( !5{D 1T < T
JG6 O % ± O( S-1
( S5& /
( 1
K z( 5
N `( 0 :K ;$ .-1 d
( ;,(T }
H S-G PH )T ( GT
H SWSG ;< a -< Sg ::C;$ K -<

:" ¦# !"D 8
= UDS * zN
k-5 MSGBG !;Í ± OSS < !"D :;$f MS20 M& Ï4 8 ( T L (
0 (G MC S20 M& Ï1
.!"D . ng (D>T P ) ? K ;( 70 J(
pW p= !* O4 !*OS !<S5 !$ 0 M& Ï5 M MN '( "2T p(4% L D1G Ï2
. 2g !5S#> !GS15 !C2K !t oN !CG Mb $5N 9 D0 M& Sg :( T4 K -<
.R MN K7$D VDk PG '2 ;1 ( ={T 3( F,
( ;7 ( A( 7 t
( M( $56 P( "= 4K S K K@k Oa 1G _ a S;& Sg :P( "= GB OS-<
:P="<S5 ;< P( "= GB OS-< .0O % !k#5& h ( ($G ± & !(*" ± ( 1%S
4( ( i"g d K ;Û !0=è 4% S g :!2R& p4SW #T 14, PK "= GB :qj
:" OÇ 0OS1$ "(T1 2;f(T ( ;1
sM{D Ã(u ( 4( ;< ( ;#f ( " ( "( 8
( t1K O( S-< PG P( "= GB -< sM& Ï1
.K>B0 "D Ck1K0 "D b % L ºD 9-* % 9-C * % C 42
(1) Generally the Muslim Scholars do not allow commercial insurance but they allow co-operative insurance.
Silent partnership ( T4 Softness GS15 Paying in advance but

delivery of goods is deferred
:C;$
K -<
Insurance P( "= GB Roughness 5S#> Thickness h
K

.3G-K _
( t PG VGB -< Ï2
.( iC"($ '( T4( 4, VGB ± sM& Ï3
.4a b !"D G Mj ÃK M( g PG 4, VGB M& Ï4
.'H T-G T ( "= q( G L >& !"D 4, VGB K -< Ï5
.x<R F;0 (T K F6 4, VGB ( -< ± Ï6
:" OÇ ;1 4( L i"g p+ S %&
K S g :J(5K 1 PK "= GB :å)
.4k>j
( "(* ;< M( K 1 L W& (T -0 J(
( OS-< PG J(51 V
GB M& Ï1
.!"(<ST T( PG J(51 VGB S;> Ï2
4 3C A7KG D MSK<G :5j ÃJ(51 VGB ± P "= ( g( $f 'C
( 0K !5& Ï3
.3G-KG
^ q% .P( 0( PG pK£D 4 U1 * M N !G CDS$K P( 0T n -" 'L 1,0 q Sg :P( g OS-<
.[283 :3- ] “.b t SK- EG Mb g( DC ” :o1*
:" r
C 'L #* :"D f 8G1f
PG Jg .n O & n W !(G °
( ;< p=" h
(
L ";$* L 10OS :9K ( OS Ï qj
.( <#f O( S-1
.$ OS-1 PG Jg !CT O0 :L !T 9K ( 0 P( qH G 9K DO Sg :}
K K-L Ï å)
...'jT 8
( 1 9"T Ï r)
9K "D g ;< ( E0S( T4 3( ( f }
( - P(G K $ K (10 :18
( $ 9K "T Ï 9T
.`0 T PG 5j Ã gK£ R 8 ( $
(1) Its example is selling a bond on discount. A company issues a bond having a repayable value of $100. The bond
will be repaid by the company after one year. The company receives only $90 for it. Remaining $10 is interest which
is not allowed in Islam.
Trust 9K ( OS Shareholders, policy

holders
P "= ( g( $f Gambling 3G-K

@S$ :K "(= *
g PG .I ( <K P< x"1T K C 1 K @
( S$ J(D ( 1;$ qL * MC S20 MBT K 6 :0
x0= x5 "G @S$ P(G 'C 1," Ã(E"1( 0# E"%>j ( T S P(G ;K,T( K 6 :g
.?0# d ( DL ;
1K0 Kt( 1K"D .@S$ oN (T 'L ( 0 ( W * (%S ± 1;$ } ( < _
K S Ï1
8
( - 3O0+ 1;$ '* h ( ;( $K ®
( (K VT ( AS; '( ";-* hz ± g1
^ qS4 q% .!"N ~ ( 3# Ã(1k S5& n W> L * J( 0j 3( O0FT
“.OH a t 9(0 M Ss-;* ” ::; !";< ^ ;W
'( 1,( Ã( C J(D 3( O0FT g(41& J(D I
( < ( < @
H W H 5GBT 1;$ } ( < _ K S Ï2
^ ;W ^ qS4 5” :q% < ^ Jt4 < PT P< . F ( 1$T 0#0 #
p0 '>OBD H1A P(G 3( =W K ;< :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 EG “.u ( , P< :; !";<
“!^ qS4 0 y $ !K = TW&” :q% “1k I W 0 g G” :q-D n ;C T !1T(W&
= D "D
“.JG d";D J(G& u PG ~ pK 0 J 1k @ SD !K ;1 D&” :q%
± SK1-C 0 :(%S- P( "= 1 0 Q 0N P2K0 '"02f P0+ S d"(0-
L t Ï3
.?
( " ? ( "(k
L !"N #* "D W> !< S5& s'2T 42 L T4KG x1" ~; 9;$ ( $"* Ï4
“.(A7 N K 2( 0 ” ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 P< (~
') ( 1( @SD (<*4 MO L CSL;" (@SK$ J(D ( t1 9;$ 4( 1& L % G Ï5
.:;; n1G q1; G%N Ã. = < O MN 4( E,K ;< !KtD C ( 1 P"1*
Giving deficient
measure
?
( "(k Consumer h
( ;( $KG Play, cheating I
( <K
Wrong, unjust ?
( " Raising prices by appointing
fake buyers in the market
u
( , Competition d
( DL
Prevention L CSL;" Stack, pile 3( =W
K Producer ®
( (K

"G6 q( K ± O % ?

( ; 7; L 0O % 8
K $
J-"-. JGS- '( > }
K (75= Ï1
OH < & H3 H 1; ;< x0O % O OK < !T K -K0 :J(56 +( ,
K =5 Ï2
.9;$ PG OH EKG

( 4> F (T xGS2G O % ¦# S$KG MC S20 M& Jg :0O % L "1( Ï3
q O % PG 9H 5 ( & ;< q( S . oN ( k"$K O( % J1 oN O0K (G (O
"1 p( g(O % 8( ;kK ( 3( < G MC KO ";> (*( ( 5 MO ";< k"$f
:"1 pg ( gG P(G P2 < r ( 0 q,G g d" J( ( "(70=4 g(4
J(j 4( ) 3( k" 3L g – &
1 f 9( ;$ ;< q( S ; 4l ;< O( OK < – _
H "1G @
H SK J(D ( "4l 3( 4, FK * –
J( K qKO q( 1G 4K Sg* – O
0O % (;2#(
K 1
. qS-0 :0O % (;2#G PG 0# z-56 !("1T >j 6 oN K S :qj
[24 q5j ] “.:= 2
L "("
= 0K ( :L<O CzN( q( SKE;( !( s;( SK"(,= SKG P 0(U 0&C0” :o1* 4*
Ë(& :( ; P(G M$56 ( 0 g(4S W "(51G '2T 3C ". PK 3S< pg sMN
C 0. !G I
;C MC $56 1 J R D p(O D& P "= T ( "-k ( "( * ;< :K -
& p+S< $
K 0 M& 9K "(k$0 G 3". 8 ( GS-G P(G h;K0 n"z x"= -D w< ( G E
.!K %C D J-0
Freedom, manumission ( 0* Industrial Institutions J(56 +( , Indicators 8

K $
Poverty, lack of food C%D Dominance 3( k" Drop }
K (75=

0# ( 56 ( W< ? "S* sMN :`" ? "S L"S* 0# O( 4 S L "(* :å)
G q> P(G 3H O,G FH D( S(T pG !(%S- !(*2;( J(Gj ( K "= D( S* `" ? K "S
( W7 8( $E 9( ",# "& 8 H G> H8%A PG K UDS0 G 8<#G P(G k0
0# S- ? ( "S* C -"- K 4( K0 `
K 9K , .30 "5N 8,G O( "*(4 ;<
hz ( St ± (*;kG Gj 8 ( D C iCD( 2f ¾
!(Tj L " "KD `" ? K "S
.e;T& 56 MS2" Ã(I M( 2f ± I f 'C PK "= 1K"D V;G1 4K "> :(0
_ S;kf 4 -f sM{D x"& x;kG !(* z (T
K 56 M Pi :9D ( 56 ± 9S :r)
56 sMj Ã!";< I K ;k M G JR ' JR & 5N J(10 56D .:gj Sg !G
G K 5N J0 D ("<# ;" F( "( ± 4K 0 Sg (G M$56 9K 0 "D MC S20 M& J0
( "RÇ ( 56 ± 0Sj Ck1* .`T( P(G K (1 M G !G 7 K 6 K K0
.G+ OH SG H9; PG Gj 8 ( " D gK4) J0 ½ 1D ( 04
C $5 'L 2#K* J( 4( ± b W> J5( S". J< 4F 56 q( ,G ± 9S J0
( " 8
( 5 S". MC O1 (";. ($2 (_ # P(G !"D }
( 4j `
( k PG %28
.=")2 J#
G 4 -G sM& %1 +K ,0 !5& P E"D G M$56 OK Ck 0 G H $5 K 0-* -
.( 1 ± PA MS";G P "= eL ;L 0 8 ( Ck"K PG ( 7$f 8 ( "* P(G :C1 !L;1$0
p(O"kW ± 9S N ";< D !5 K l !0(K0 5N !(G1AN !(0T S-5 h K $
.";1(D d* :C ( S > J(TS uK "1* J( =j sM& * C ";1 04- sM& "
Oceans 8
( Ck"KG Increasing O( "*(4 Human resources 0# O( 4 SG
Ton PA Opportunities ¾
Employment ?
"S
Reports 04- He hunts OK Ck 0 Environment
(
The line of Equator ( S > Proteins 8
( "*T Institutions,
organizations
8
( $E G

`
( - ( < 4+ P(G n T ( # K 1AN Sg `" !t oN J< 4F 56 !K "S* K F( ;0
P(G :( C1
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( %C q( S2 ( 5N } ( 3( 4
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hz '( j }4j ( M( >K 8 ( - u( "#. ( < 4+ oN Gj 8 ( 4L% !K "S*
:" ¦- q> PG hz K s-0 :#"1 S$KG 9D4 – 9T
.'1 ¾
( LD L i"* Ï1
.:(2 ± PG P"= $f C'G 4j (0j PG !< P0F1; @
K + (I$2 PK "= GB* Ï2
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( "; L"S* %$ & I & ~
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;< 4K % 9H 0 'H 2#T g H > O( SG PG Gj 8
( F= < Ï5
h;* ± ¡ C - qC "Ç Mj Ã"N . ( 5 G 3H OKG
H kC >( K D ( 7
.8 )
!T ¬70 J;1 - :56 ;< K <( $*K J( ( )0. ";1 '( ST L >j Ï dGl
"N qC SWS O 4& "D I ( 4 PG L0 J( ( #f S;1 PG Sg HS% MO S%
.hT G& % 6
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C Ï ~O$
Looting, plundering I Opium u

( "#. Wheat `
( -
Exhausting, depleting
( F= Smoking, tobacco M( >K Corn 3( 4

Generations qC "j Embezzlement ~
( (> Alcohol q( S2
Integration,
coordination
'( GK 2 Sugarcane ( 2K$ I
( %C

Lesson 9A: Wish, Hope & Call
Dear Reader!
You have seen how questions are used in metaphorical meaning. Build Your Personality
Same is the case for the words and sentences used to describe wish, Quran requires us to be
hope or call. In Arabic, the word * (wish) is used to usually careful about other’s
describe the possible or impossible wishes. If it is likely to satisfy privacy.
that wish, it is called * (hope).
The word used to describe a wish is one i.e. " but some other words are also used in figurative sense to
describe a wish. They are following:
•
"C: It is used to describe a wish. It is usually used with 0 before and a pronoun after it. For example, 0
:= K 1 G
K L J("= C (Ah! I wish I had been with them).
• 'g: Originally, it is used to ask a question. It is also used to describe a wish. For example, P= G( C ' g
C SK1C #
= "DC Q 1C RK (Ah! We wish we had some intercessors who intercede for us).
• SC: Originally, it is used to describe a condition. But it is also used to describe a wish. For example, S= C
MC SK;C 1= 0 SK5C (I wish they used to know).
• U'1: Originally, it is used to describe a possible wish or hope. Exceptionally it is also used to describe an
impossible wish. For example, 3n 4 ( 1= G SLC% n0(R nT C< := K TK1 GK = &C := K 2L ;( = GK !K U; nG=S%C MC SL1( * : ( := K = G( b EG&L
= CC% z N(
MC SL-E0 := K U;1 C := 2L T4 CN( (When a group of them asked them, “Why do you admonish people whom Allah
will destroy or punish them sternly?” The replied, “To be able to offer an excuse before your Lord and we
wished they fear God”). Here those Jews are under discussion who violated the Law of Sabbath. Some of
their pious people used to forbid them to do so. When they were asked why you admonish these violators
while it is confirm that they will not leave their practice. They replied that with the word '1.
The words used to describe the hope are two:
• U'1: It is mainly used to describe a possible wish or hope. Exceptionally it is also used to describe an
impossible wish. For example, M
C K 2L #
= * := 2L U;1 C h
(zC ( 1= T P= G( =:2L = < 5S= C < E:L (We forgave you with a hope that
you become thankful).
• $<: It is mainly used to describe a possible wish or hope. Exceptionally it is also used to describe an
impossible wish. For example, : = K = < S L 1= 0 M &C !K U; $< (We hope that Allah will forgive them.) When it is
used for Allah, there is a hidden promise in it.
To call people, several words are used. They include "g 0 & 0 : Two of these words
& are used to call a person who is near to the speaker. Rest of the words are used to call someone away. Its
reverse is also used in certain cases. The detail is as follows:

• If the mind of the speaker is captured by the image of the audience and the audience is physically away
from the speaker, the words & are used to demonstrate that although the audience is away but its
image has captured the mind of the speaker. For example, 9( T4 ± := 2L E5BT : SKU-"* ( 4j M( B15 ML U2K &
MU2K J(;C% (O the residents of Na’man Valley! Believe me that you live in my heart). In this verse, the
poet has called the residents of Na’man Valley to demonstrate that their love has captured his mind.
• On the contrary, the speaker can call a person nearby by using the words specified for calling someone
away. It has various objectives which include:
• If the audience are not actively listening while they are physically present in front of the speaker,
they are called with a word specified for calling someone away to draw their attention. For
example, Prophet Saleh $ 3S; !";< said to his nation ! U; KK<
= ( S= %C 0 (O my nation!
Worship Allah.)
• The objective of this style is to demonstrate the humility of the speaker i.e. the position of
audience is so high that the speaker cannot be nearer to him. For example !^ 0 (O Allah!)
• This style is also used for the exactly opposite objective that the position of the speaker is so high
that he / she does not want to bring the inferior audience nearer to him / her. For example, in
response of Prophet Saleh’s call to his nation, they replied in a arrogant manner and said, 0 SLC%
V
;( = K P= G(
L M N( 5K 1( * T( ( `
K (W (They said, “O Saleh! Bring the punishment what you
have promised us, if you are one from the prophets.”)
Like the interrogative words, the words used to call are also used in figurative meanings as follows:
• N: To motivate the audience. For example, ,RK 0 (O brave!). Here the objective of calling the
brave person is not merely calling him. The real objective is to motivate him to demonstrate his bravery.
• +: To scold the audience. For example, :K ( 0 (O offender!). Here the objective of calling the
offender is not merely calling him. The real objective is to scold him.
• ,* "*: To express astonishment and stress. For example, g #T 0 (O good news! This
boy!). When the travelers found Prophet Joseph $ 3S; !";< in the well, they expressed their
astonishment in these words.
• 9S* $*: To express grief or pain. For example, ML K4C% J *(L& G 'C ) G( C
"= C 0 (Ah! We wish to
receive what was given to Qaroon). Here the objective of calling " 0 is to express their desire.
• ¾>N I K : To express the love and affection. For example, S% 0 (O my nation!). Here the
objective of calling the nation is to express one’s relation with his nation.
• ="*: To recall the memories of past or to remind something. For example, ?

K SK0 C;< C &C 0 (Alas O
Joseph!). Here the objective of calling is to express grief and recall Joseph.

Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran and describe the type and objective of each sentence as
given in the example. Read the context of these verses, if something is not clear.
Analysis Type J(T<

The love, sincerity and affection of Prophet 'C ,
= 1( := L z( 7*(T := 2L $
L 5C& := K= ;C C := 2L E5N( ( S= %C 0
Moses $ 3S; !";< for his people i.e. 5
Israelites is apparent from S% 0. (2:54) : = 2L (4( T CN( SKTSKDC
! U; UMN( EJ(T 0 _ K SL-1= 0 !( "(T :K "(g T=(N T( EW
MC SK;( $= GK := K5=&C UN( EP*KSK* CD P 0 := L2C CkC W =
(2:132)
:= 2L U;1 C _
( jQ J(= &L 0 3b " ¾
( -( J(D := 2L C
(2:179) M C SL-E*
G 'C ) G( C
"= C 0 "5 3C "
MC K0(0K P0(U qC C%
(28:79) : H "(< ¯° LC !K E5N( ML K4C% J *(L&
(25:28)
n "(;> n5LD 7
( E*&C := C J("= C J(;C 0= 0
"= C !( U;(T MC SL 0 := K $

K L 5=&C := K = Eg &C = %C b C (CA
H J= R P= G( ( G= jQ P= G( C ' g MC SLSL-0 ( E"(;g( , EPC
(3:154)
M &C CN( h
C ' g ' -L DC .AC !K E5N( MC S= < = D( CN( I
= g z
(79:17-18) UF *
pK SL;K- * h
C J( PH "= < 3L E%L MC S= < = D( 3L &CG=
= CC%
(28:9) nC pK C7 ( E5 = &C 1 C 0 M &C $<
Worth Reading
Which attitude is better: Putting justification or admitting one’s fault?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0001-Accepting.htm

Analysis Type J(T<
"= T H S H ;( C CN( =SC1* _

( 2( 'C g= &C 0 ' %L
ni="R !( T( ( # = 5K ! U; UN( K1= 5 U&C := L2"= T
(2:54) !( U; M ( KO P= G( nTT4= &C n=1T K 1= T C 7
( E0
(27:46) MC SK = *K := 2L U;1 C ! U; MC K( = $

= * =SC
:= K = G( n="> SK5SL20 M &C $< H S= %C P= G( a SC% = 7 $ = 0
EPK = G( n="> EP2L 0 M &C $< H $5( P= G( ¥ $5(
(49:11)
(2:221) MC KUC 0 := K U;1 C ~

( E;( !( *(0 PK "0K
_
( K Cg 'C ) G( MC SL&C M &C 8
K F= ,
< &C ;C =0 0 qC C%
(5:31) V G( O( E P= G( `
W
= BCDC J(>&C 3C &CS= 4( BLDC
(43:3) MC SL;-( 1= * := 2L U;1 C n"(T< n5=%L pK ; 1 E5N(
MC K U2C 0 := K U;1 C ~
( E;( TK(
= 5 qL C)G= Qj h
; *(
(59:21)
O 5K "= C 0 SLC-DC 4( E C;< SL%( K z N( * S= C

(6:27) V (G( = K P= G( MC SL25 T4 8
( 0(T _
2C 5K
Rule of the Day!

Sometimes, the Past Tense is used as a prayer, not as a description. For example
!< ^ Jt4 (May Allah be pleased with him), :; !";< ^ ;W (Peace and
blessings be upon him), ! ^ C C (May Allah forgive him), D ^ E/DC (May Allah
not break your mouth i.e. you may speak in this way forever), xg2G ^ y 4& (May
Allah not show you any undesirable thing) etc.

Analysis Type J(T<
G C;< * $

= 0 SLC% n = T L < E$ := K *=Q CzN(
:= g( 4( SKL C;< := gK 4 += &C MC SL;(
= 0 := gK "(D A EDC
(6:31) M C K4F( 0 G Q C&
!( U; = <( K ; <( E5N( ' %L ( < E$ P= < ~

K E h
LBC$= 0
(33:63) n0(%C M L SL2* C < E$ U'1 C h
0(4= 0K G
SL;L H , ($ = G 'L = <( := 2L 0(+ L>K O J(T 0
V
D( ( $
= K I
( 0K !K E5N( SLD( $ = *K SKT R=
(7:31)
U'1 C (4= * !K $
5 : ;C C = -C DC !( U; O K K E1 0 P= G
(65:1) n=G&C h (zC 1= T L (
= 0K ! U;
:= K0=O &C J5N( pK K "= C !H CN( P= G( := 2L C G
(7:59) : H "(<
0 h
E ( 7= KC !( G( S= %C P= G( K2 = P 0(U Ç qC C%
J(D UMOK S1K C = &C (0= %C P= G( h
1 G SKG P 0(U I
K "= 1 RK
(7:88) (U;G(
Face the Challenge!

Describe different types of #5N? Give one example of
each.

Analysis Type J(T<

0 qC %C pK S O CO= BCDC := gK O 4( SL; 4= BCDC 3b 4 E" 8
= Q
(12:19) a L Cg # = TK
@
H > P= G( 3( >( | J(D !K C G pK R= P= C SK;( < = -C C
MC SK;C 1= 0 SK5C S= C := K $
L 5C& !( T( = R G d
i (C
(2:102)
}
( 4= jQ J(D K$
( *K M &C := K"= US * M N( := K"= $
< ' DC
(47:22) : = 2L G 4= &C SK1k-C *K
!K U; = &C a "= > MC SL%C GK _
a T4= &C&C P( ,
= $ J( ( W 0
(12:39) 4K E-C K ( S
M &C $< := 2L C a "= > S gK ni="R SKg 2 * M &C $<
(2:216) : = 2L C ¡R S gK ni="R S
( *K
(9:81) MC SK-C 0 SK5C S= C n R &C : E 4K 5 ' %L
P G( pK "= <
= E"T= ?
K SK0 C;< C &C 0 qC C%
(12:84) : a "(C S K DC M( F=
K
3n
( W
4K O( 0K _
( 2( Cg q( G ;C 0= 0 MC SLSL-0
(18:49) g = &C UN( 3n (C
Rule of the Day!

The phrase M & SK4C& is used to give the sense of “I request to” e.g. SK4&
C >K B* M & (I request you to take), 'C L * M& S4& (I request you to eat) etc.
Worth Reading
What is the difference between traditional mentality and creative thinking?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0013-Pineye.htm

Lesson 9B: Travels of Ibn Batuta
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study excerpts from the famous
My life is an indivisible whole, and all
travelogue of Ibn Batuta. He was a Moroccan who traveled
around the world during 1325 – 1353CE / 725 – 754H. His my attitudes run into one another; and
destinations include the Middle East, the Central Asia, they all have their rise in my insatiable
India, China, and Eastern and Central Africa. The length of love for mankind.
his travels is estimated to be above 120,000 km.
4( j I,< 4( Gj I
( ( J(D 4( L K*
ASkT P( TT
1f J(* s Í PT !s; < ST& :?"B*
< O I4 ^ ( R P(G J(5) d"l S0 J(D J(&4 L -C $G 1“C ,CA” PG JK>K M
'D& !";< qS ( = % 340+ . ^ "T ® x1KG (725) 1 P0#< $>
d( ;< r ( <( p;K ± MS& I H 4 !(K T( d H 5 H "D4 P< xO( G $ 3
( ,(g ;< G& K GFD .( +". J(D Pa G( 0# ( g1 h ( ;* oN @ a SR : F1 0R
3( ". ( "C-T( M .4( SLSK ;( 4( SK"kL C %4G J(A K %4D 4S 56 P(G _ j
.n M#< M H iGS0 J x 5 @ ( P(G "-C C K "- xW (g1K
K ;D
( "-0DN h;G JCS4 (T K -D ...VR* ST& iGS0 K5k; “MC $ ;(*” 0G K ;WSD
EJ;< 4RBD M 4Sf MS < > M$;* oN ËSW S0 ± ..."0 Á& Mk;$
( % ± n MC $;T K %& hz ± ' F< ^ Q 8 K =7 D .((-D (T M S> / K 1T
± hz (T K4O& “5";G” 0G ;WSD (g4 ± ( "$ & K > .J(T4G
Jt-T } K f R % ;*4 :L . x#< !($T %& } a G P( "= "-
( ;C D .°
( "- M( TN
S" tK !K 5 Jt- %C .n 5";G P(G qH"G& ( D$G ;< p" / ( 1T %BD .G
.(T pK K-D 5";G oN .. !-"D4 .. !KT O 1D .9T
(1) It is Tangiers, a city in Morocco, situated at the narrowest point of Mediterranean.
My age J Nests 4( SLK My birthplace J(&4
L -C $G
Time of oppressive heat °
( "- M( TN Fatigue xW Hidden in the middle of
chest
( +". ± Pa G(

M ....2“ Fº ” 0G ;WSD ... 1“d 5KSK*” 4( E,*K P(G H -D4 9G K ;*4 hg :K*
P(G 4H 0O
C * ,. PT Í 5";G PG :KW P0 d5S* 4,K* PG JsDS* %
.d5ST !( (4 oN C;WS "K( 30 PTT
K 1K0 Fº 'g& P(G 'H (T W& .I ( g C
q( E<K :( ;L P(G !K*gR G q& g .p( ( 0 P(G < F 5D 4( Sf ~
( ( " P( T p=> 5D
.:(*K 3 P0( S K
(1) Tunis. A small country in North Africa. (2) Algiers, the second largest country of Africa. (3) A royal dynasty
who ruled over certain African countries.
The Travels of Ibn Batuta vs. the Travels of Marco Polo

Thanks to www.wwnorton.com

"D ( G%6T "TF ...J;< 4RBD .. J(TW& !*z “( 0,T(” oN ;W f
5& ( 0kT J(*D MS2D 8 ( ST ' F< ^ C% M N” : K ;% K "TBD .JG y PK 2 0
> n T O K "= <( &L 5& .f '-C h T O 9= (DC
GF< MN G&” :Ë q-D “.+( , } ( 4& K W
( %
< G J(54<& g ;1D (0k ± _ ( 1 3( 4
S> "$ K,

( 5 5{D “.n"> *
.( 0+,. ( S h ( ;* J(D ( "( C6
kj P(G Ë C G q& hz M . x"= > ^ p F .!T

( l oN 54kC tD aOSK a kG TW& 4> FD .“""k$%” C 0G ;W M& oN 5(
( ( D# PG Sg ( 0f :K 5-;* P(G M ;D .hg 4H O oN n " ( "(>j P<
G K 6 M p4( O ± (;$(T G BD Kkf CESC % J(T" oN C D .P$. J(TBT $K0
G q& hz M2D .Ig P(G P04 0O !"CDA ( & J(D W "2( ;1T xG N !52G r C 1 D .n-;>
....J( ;< !T ` DC
:= ;$
0K :C q( $ ( $T / H 1T ;< :K1T 'C %BD ... L;g& + D “d5S*” 0G oN ;W
R 3( =1 T( S !1G h = ;G& :C G d hz PG 8 K SD .:(T J(D1G ( 1 a & J;<
!()0(T J($ K 5 0K q + G .~
( 06 ( $T J;< '%BD ,. / K 1T J((T 1 #
D J(2KT
....P=""2 C 4(T G K F5 0f K ;>O
Rule of the Day

Sometimes, words from J and J<T4 seems similar to each other. For example
:K K = * (She/You stone at someone) is from OÛ J, while : = * (he translated) is
from OÛ J<T4. Sometimes, even the _ <N are the same. In such cases, see the
translation of both and select the one which fits into the context. Frequently
consult the dictionary to know the meaning of similar word used in different
chapters of J<T4 J.
Sociability ~
( 06 Kindness
kj I give you as a loan K "= <( &L
They became friendly
with me
J($
K 5 0K Hajj dress produced
at Ba’albak, Lebanon
"2( ;1T xG N Tent >

± K+T .:g("< O( S# ~ K 'C C % .U; f 8K D k "< d5ST J(s;&
!(W S> !(T4%& 9K " x 4 ... "0 ST& ML k;$ ,$f CD .3( 4R '( & ( iC"g '( =&
Lkl
= -5 3 K "s;W .I H ",< IH "** ± :(G %& ;< 3b #G !( (2;G ( >
....:(+G oN ~ K
5
0G oN ;W p1T ....' $ 0A P "= 2 31- z R > & ± d5S* PG >

K "D .d5S* ( G& /
( 1
( T ;< “d%W” _ 8 K C-< K 3G (T %BD .1“d;T A”
....P0#< < P(G ( R > & ± d;T A PG K> :L .d;T kT ";<

K "T .“~D” ( ;A / ( 1 (T
K EF * !(T @
K D = & b3#G W P "= T J("T 9%
2 ...n "
K C& ("D( <F ( -C T( (T
K~ K ) Jg ^ 3“0426 ” ( 0G oN oj O q& ± ;W :L
0( ... P=" * V ( $* P(G i(R G (T M" ;"Wj (MB# L ",1 K~S5Bf K k-
G N !;)G "5K J( G ± 4 & :C M( B# :"1 C ... H_ ST& L 1T4& 042
5 *j OT “@ ( O( ” _ 4( 2 G ( O( T 4“¦S-"%” “:CS” G P(G M
.gKz 9K -C " .V OT “MS0F ” G
±I a g z a9ETKG ¥ (T !5& !KW .xG( EGK !(5 S K &
K 0&D S pg ± 64 8
K %
K K10 I
H #
K >K
K S& "T = 1t !(<*4 4-T ¥ T !(TT y +N }( 4j ;< 9a *G !KTT ( S
.4 ~ ( 4 ~ ( S;,( 9a tSG _ ( 'L > O .'" ! P= 20 :C = ;0(+& zD .!(TT oN ";<
4R& 3#< ( . }< H4R& L 1$* !(;> T } K < .3b =") 8
a S"T 4( f '> O
....9H *G ¯'* ;< Sg x= R MS1T4& G 9T4j !(* PG H ' PG 4f } K <
(1) Tripoli, the capital of Modern Libya. (2) It indicates how easy it was to marry. (3) Alexandria, the second largest
city of modern Egypt. (4) Calicut, a city in Southern India. (5) Arabs describe all Central Asians as “Turks”. (6) This
lighthouse was one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Constructed around 250BC and demolished in 1320s.
Square 9ETKG I arranged the feast after

marriage

K C& Gesture, appearance 3( 4R
Length of hands (from
palm to elbow)
4H R& Sea port I consummated
marriage with her
";<
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a 0R ,$G ¾1 PT 2< K ,$G
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oN # ± ( S; g4O P "= PG (R I*G ? ( " 3S$ # 3L S$ :v
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(1) Present-day Cairo. (2) It is a historical mosque built by A’mr Ibn A’as !< ^ Jt4 who conquered Egypt. (3)
Zawiyah or Khaniqah was a religious monastery for education. It indicates the level of public services.
Gravy @
K G Hospital M( 4 Marble pillars ( > OK S<
Single, unmarried _
a F<& Its revenue pÛ Monastery,
religious institution
L 0 F

`
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(1) It indicates the hospitality of the Muslims of the Middle Ages. Any student belonging to any country was
welcomed in all educational institutions. No visa or permission was required to cross the borders. (2) Nile, which is
considered the largest river of the world. (3) Euphrates & Tigris. Both of them are in Iraq. (4) Syr Darya. (5) Oxus
river. They are in Central Asia. (6) Indus River of Pakistan. (7) Punjab, fiver rivers which are tributaries of the
mighty Indus. (8) Ganges, the famous river of India. (9) Yamuna, another river of India. (10) Volga river. The
biggest river of Russia. (11) Hoang Ho river, a river of China.
Two banks (of a river) Vt Vessel, container 0T6 Cane, walking stick +K 21

a"= ) "D ~; .4Sg G ;< 34Sf I,1 PG Jg :J(T gj z
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b 0G J(g+ ";$* :; !";< "5 ;< ^ ;W 3“'( ";l 0G” oN 3F PG 8 K D :L
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( K & !T .$ !";< $"< O"G 9K tSG 4:. K "T 0& 84+ .a ,$G 3b =" b "T&
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(1) Memphis, ancient capital of Pharaohs. (2) Fustat, a city founded by A’mr Ibn Al-A’as at the place of modern
Cairo. (3) Hebron, Palestine. (4) Bethlehem, a town in Palestine. (5) Jerusalem.
Bright & elegant K "5& J(g+ Carved, graved 8

( Sf Ages, long periods of time 4Sg
High JG Pyramid ¦
( 7f Hard ( ;

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a W% SKD qA MN H?W s' KG-* x$K O( 9" 'C * J( Jg K #GO
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(1) It indicates the level of sectarianism at that time that each group had separated their prayers. (2) It was the
greatest plague in the known history of humankind which spread from the Middle East to Africa to Europe.

®. P< P0F1 ;<

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a < C H*SG ( = j
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(1) This is a depiction of the welfare activities which were common in all cities of Islam. Ibn Batuta describes here a
story of a slave who broke a Chinese utensil of his master. He brought that to a trust who paid him enough money to
buy a new one in order to protect him from wrath of his master. (2) It is the traffic system of that time. (3) This site
is still available. It is around 350km from Tabuk and 350km from Madina near Al-U’la town.
Doors I
a < Lane, street C %+& Paying ransom for
(prisoners or slaves)
( 2D
Rotten 3b (75 Name of the valley of
Thamud
,. Pavement ?
( W4

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Fixed shutter b -kG b DO His two bedfellows !( "1"(,t

Desiring to oN P
Vault _
( O A nail of silver H D 4K $(G Area b -C ;KG

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K ;$ _") ( "7G PG 8 K OE,* hg ....:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qL S4 !G &
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Wonderful 9a 0T Place of appointment N(S G He eradicated 'C W
B

3b 2T 8 S; 8 ( %& ± _ K O( T qL SKkC _

K K* ,. z R ( S0 q& ± M zN
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a "$CD
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Reservoirs ®
K 04W Boasting with pride 3L gK Drums qL SKkC
Pebbles 3H Candle light 9# O( -0N Drums _
K O( T

Í M S; @ ( 1 I ( 4 ( "= G& C W C 2G P(G K > ,. P0#< ±Sf ±
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Torches (of fire) 'C <( #f Druggists, perfumers P04sk1 Projects (irrigation)
K 4#G
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Songs J(5j& Boat _
K 4- Grocers P "= -

M 4 P(G MC W& 0G ...:( ,1 @ < P(G MW& 0G oN 1 1T ;W
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L ",1 3“"G L 4f ” @
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(1) Ibn Batuta visited Baghdad after it was destroyed by Tatars. It was also destroyed by internal conflicts of
Muslims e.g. Sunni-Shia, Hanafi-Shafi’i etc. (2) It was difficult to arrange water for taking a bath at home because
there were no toilets. The style of old baths was that people used to take a bath in a hall where water was supplied.
(3) It was the biggest university of the Muslim world.
Two bridges (over Tigris

river)
M( $ Almond +H SC Followers of Shia
School of Thought
/D
Painted by tar 4( - ( L "(;kG Quince 'L $ Apricot u(#(
Two pipes M( TSK5& Water-melon
K "k They dry it !5SK$("0

H % ± ~4 ~
K S; .d
( 04 9K t
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(1) When loud speakers were not invented, the method of teaching a big group of students was that certain people
will loud voice were appointed to repeat the words of a teacher.
Tiles & bricks ¬,

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Summer, heat °"- Dug Wells 3b 4S-G _
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(1) Colombo, Srilanka. (2) Singapore. (3) Mogadishu, present capital of Somalia. (4) It was a common practice
among rulers to make intelligent people and scholar their guests in order to get advantage of their knowledge.
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(1) A port in East Africa. (2) The region at the border of Oman and Yemen. (3) It is an island country in the Persian
Gulf. Previously, it contained some area of mainland of Arabia. (4) April or May. (5) Persia, Iran. (6) Qatif, Eastern
Saudi Arabia. (7) Ibn Batuta traveled from the Persian Gulf into Iraq and then reached at Turkey.
Shell
Stagnant creek (of

sea)
H 4 4H S> Old @
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(1) Arzanjan & Erzurum are cities in North-Eastern Turkey. (2) Armenian (3) Bulgaria. (4) These dog-carts are even
common today in the steppes full of ice. (5) A port on Caspian Sea. Ibn Batuta joined a royal caravan to travel along
the Volga River. (6) Constantinople, Istanbul. (7) Queen & the crown prince. (8) Khatoon was the title of Central
Asian respected women. The Roman King married her daughter with the Mongol king.
Seeing off 9( "("#* Ice, snow ";º Utensils J(5 j
Bells, plural of ~S%5 d
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(1) Constantinople was the capital of Eastern Roman Empire at that time. It was conquered by the Muslims in
1453CE around 120 years later. (2) George. (3) It is now called the “Bosphoros”. (4) They’ve still the same name.
Arched bridge 3L k% Saddled & reined :( E,;C GK

H E$
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monastic
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He gave me robe of
honor
J;< 9 ;C >

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(1) The Volga River. It comes from North Russia and ends at the Caspian Sea. (2) All of them are cities of modern
“Uzbekistan”. (3) The River Oxus. It is the boundary between Afghanistan vs Tajikistan & Uzbekistan. (4) Panj
Sher. (5) Both of them are in Afghanistan.
Slopes 4( (
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P(G O S g .$l p"K hz 1G 1“_ ®T” _

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(1) Sindh & Punjab are now separate provinces of Pakistan. At that time, all of them were called “Sindh” due to the
River Indus. (2) It was ancient system of postal service by passing it from one hand to another. (3) It is now divided
between Pakistan, Iran & Afghanistan. (4) In Mahrashtara, India. The Capital of Tughlaq Dynasty. (5) Such
sculptures are available now in Northern Province of Pakistan. Most of them are preserved in Taxila Museum.
Big dishes @
( Aj Leather bag b <-G Mile '( "
Chick peas ¬
( K .
L Bell 'L Domes _
a L%
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(1) Its is now a small town near DG Khan called “Uch”. Ibn Batuta traveled through the River Indus probably from
present-day Attock to Uch. (2) A famous city situated in middle of Pakistan. It was the capital of Sindh at that time.
(3) It is a tradition is Hindus that a widow burns herself along with her husband. Now this practice is abolished but it
is still practiced in less developed areas.
Plastered b - ;KG She embraced

( -C 5< Related to Autumn J(0l
Lead ¾
( W Horns @
K STj They hasten MSK< 0
Courtyards MS Brahman, the highest
caste in Hindus
L g It is kindled
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(1) It indicates the welfare works of the king. (2) It indicates the luxurious lifestyles of kings. After working in the
Civil Service of the king, Ibn Batuta started his travel to China.
Shop to sell liquors 8

K SK5 Crisis C G+j Inflation, high cost y

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Jk1K"D >j '( "4 +K S Sg 52 & qS :1G 3( 0Fº 'g& "D ...“34KL”
!5B p(4 O oN !1 (G& 'L ( 0 !L;0F5 ML S20 If 'g& P(G R P( hz :(G ML $56
P5j 3C &f U;AC p MC z{D . EF* :";< VGO- P(G F O 4& PG .!(T( %& /
K 1T
zN pOEF* !GK 7* ! K k* g(4 T qF=0 J( 3L &fD =F0 :C PG .Pg(OT P< P 70
....M$ 6 P(G H JR ( $ 0BT hz ( ;T-G ± !G t* D
4,Rj P(G a ) !"D ... PG p0&4 ."5 q ;<& P(G Sg :4“I05” ' z
± sM& MSK< F0 .?2 4( % ;< = j OK 4S 5S; K "= g( +j a@4 C
L -$0 ½
( - K & ....$ 3 !";< !S4 : o1* ^ : G &L -K0 b T O( 4S hz
% .`"$D 9H tS(T b 1*G ( OS 3( 7W ± :; !";< ^ ;W O "(T& K % ( =02
... x= R #< & LSA .n7G 1tSG O< (37 ± L µ2 - ( W
(1) The king of Calicut, Kerala. (2) Indonesia. (3) Bengal. (4) Adam’s peak in Sri Lanka.
Coconut '( "4 Nut +K S Circle 3b 0$G

...“3º ” 30F oN ;W ....“M ” 0G “,T” O( T PG g;>O 0G q&
ML k;$ I
( 4 zN !5& :g< 3L O1 ....3b 5 3b > Jg .H S0 ?
( 5 3( ="$G ;< g0&4
....'C "l !1G PG I
4 C'"
*” V h K ;( G .OK S 'L 1* :g*SG MS%K0 Wj MK10 4a V 'g&
.:g2K$T( MC KO( C 0 .P "= ;$; b 0G V M( K GK P(G H 0G ' ± .1“M> F"2*” 04z P(G
MS;B0 V 4K .MSGKG MSU1G :g .g S 8 ( 1Kº
L ( G%6 K $f "D :v
:g< P( kL- P(G S _ S) K0 ....:(% S& ± 5S1"0 _2 0+l SKL
....( 0. P(G 3( =")2 _
( SjT
n1k% !5SL2($0 hz PG :g(OT 'L 0 G 9K " .:H g4O 4H 0T MC SK100 V 'g&
9( TkT b <SkG ?2 4( -T G H 1k% ' 2H 9( k-T .:g£ R :K1"T 5N p5z
...3“S,%” 0G oN 0& 3#< 1T ;WSD ...“M” V W C 0G ;W ...M( k;$
;W ;D .4“MS0F ” oN Å “S,%” oN Å “$l ” oN ( ± P 0(4G 5(
5 ...
( v oN $ ;< Sº 8 K
M .“4j I,< 4 Gj I ± 4 K*” 3$K L ;
= 5 g
.1 V$> < ,. z r ± g""-* P(G ² L
(1) Changez Khan. (2) It indicates that paper money was invented initially by the Chinese. (3) Kingfo. (4) It seems
that Arabs have named different cities in Arabic for their own references. (5) After his return to Morocco, Ibn Batuta
traveled again to Spain and South West Africa.
Face the Challenge!

What are the words used to call a person near to the speaker? If such words
are used for a person away from the speaker, what does it mean?
Paper H Silk ( 0. Cotton P( kL-


Dear Reader!
As you already know that in classical Arabic, it was
not considered good to describe everything in words. Do not make a mockery of others. Quran
Arabs used to consider it a ridicule against the forbids it.
audience.
If a person described everything in words, he was charged for assuming his audience fool. As a principal of
the classical Arabic, the speaker should express his / her view in justifiable words. The concepts which are
already known to or understood by the audience should not be expressed in words. The valid reasons of
using words to describe something are as follows:
• To focus on something. When the communicator wants to penetrate a concept deeply in the audience
mind, more words are used for it. For example, M
C SK;( K := gK h
i(C= &L := ( T4 P= G( xgK C;< h
i(C= &L (They are on
the rightly-guided path from their Lord and they are the successful ones). Here the word h i(C= &L is
described twice in order focus more on the people whose attributes are described in previous verses.
• If something is not described in words, the audience may not understand it fully. For example, if a person
Zaid is under discussion, it will be enough to say 0 : 1= 5( (What a good friend!). The audience will
easily understand that this expression is about Zaid. His name is not required to be mentioned. But if,
Zaid is not under discussion at the moment, his name must be mentioned to clarify that he is the good
friend. The sentence will be 0 :
1(5 0+ (Zaid, what a good friend!).
• If the speaker wants to attack on the intelligence of the audience. (S)he can explain everything in words.
It will be a hidden attack on the audience. For example, a senior doctor may start explaining the basic
details of human body to a less skilled junior doctor.
• In legal matters, everything is clearly described in words so that nobody can deny.
• To express something surprising, more words are used. For example, Zaid is already under discussion. It
is not required to mention his name in each sentence. But if some amazing fact is described about Zaid,
his name will be mentioned in order to express the astonishment. j C% 0+ (Zaid fought with a lion.)
• To respect someone, his positive attributes are described in clear words. For example, if it is asked 'g
a 0+ 9 4 (Did Zaid return?). In normal circumstances, the words :15 may be enough. But if the speaker
wants to express respect for Zaid, he will reply, ` K ( 9 4 :15 (Yes, the pious man returned.)
• To humiliate someone, his negative attributes are described in clear words. In above example, if the
speaker wants to humiliate Zaid, he will reply, :
K (C 9 4 :15 (Yes, the offender returned.)


There are various reasons to delete a word:

• If someone is already under discussion, no need to repeat his / her name every time unless there is a
reason to mention the name. In above example, if Zaid is under discussion, there is no need to describe his
name every time.
• If something is well-known, it is not described in words. For example := 2L "= CN( !( U; qL SK4 J5N( ~
K E 0&C 0 ' %L

K "(0K J(
= 0K S gK UN( ! CN( }
( 4= jQ 8
( S E$ h
K ; GK !K C (U n1"( (O Prophet Say, “O People! I am a prophet of
Allah towards all of you. The ownership of the heavens and the earth is for Him. There is no god except
Him. He gives live and causes death.) Here the name of Allah is not described in words because it is well
known that He is the owner of everything.
• Sometimes, deletion of a name is due to respect of the person under discussion. On the contrary, a name
can also be deleted due to hatred for the person under discussion.
• Passive voice is also a form of deletion. In passive voice, the subject is not described clearly due to
various reasons. The speaker may have a threat from the person under discussion. So he deletes the name
of the subject. The person under discussion may be unknown.
• Words are deliberately deleted to incite the audience to think about the deleted content.
• Words are also deliberately deleted to test the IQ level of the audience.
• Sometimes, the speaker wants to hide something from people other than the immediate audience. The
audience understands with the help of certain indications but other people do not understand it. For
example, in the last verses of the Quran, the personality of an enemy of Islam is described without
mentioning his name. It is clear from some Ahadith that such person was Abu Lahab or Walid Ibn
Mughira.
• In certain situations, it is not possible to describe everything in words. For example, if a snake enters into
a room where many people are sitting. It will not be acceptable to say “A snake has entered into the room,
so be careful.” Instead of this long sentence, a single word “Snake!!!!” is enough.
• Poets delete certain words to make their verses balanced.
Rule of the Day!

£ is a conjunction as well as a preposition. As a conjunction, it gives the
meaning of “and” while as a preposition, it gives the meaning of “I swear that”.
There is a third type of £ which is called q £ . This £ gives the meaning
of “while” or “in the condition of”. It describes the conditions at a specific time.
It comes before a ";1D & "Ù ;ë. For example J(D J; 0K :
a (C% S gK L 2C ( !K *=O DC
_
( = ( (Angels called him while he was standing for prayer in a niche), P= G
C E,
MC SL;>K = 0 h
i(C= BLDC Pa G( = GK S gK C)5L& = &C H C zC P= G( 8
( (E P= G( ' 1= 0 (Whoever men or
women do good deeds in the condition of being a believer, they will enter the
Paradise), !K = <
SK5K = %C T := g( ( >= &C (Their taking of usury while they were
forbidden to take it) etc.


Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify the deleted words (if any) at the place of [] and
describe the reason of deleting these words. If no word is deleted, identify the reason for describing the
words. Read the context, if something is not clear.
Analysis
Í J(T<
The verb “I start” is deleted because it is
understood. The reciter is starting the I begin :" P= ^ :$T []
recitation of the Quran.
3H EW
J(D !K *K&C G=
= ;C % BCDC .:H "(;< H KT( pK KE#T
+a SK,< [] = CC% = = U2 DC
(51:28-29) : a "(-<
:K "(2
S gK 3( O E# I
( "= :K (< []
(6:73) K (7

' T qC C% _
H ( C H T( !( ( "(%C C;< y
'b "( a = W
[]
n=G&C := 2L $ K L 5C& := 2L C
= CES
(12:18) M C SL( * G C;< ML 1$ = K !K U;
J(1;( % &C y 0 ( Q G J(1;C T= } K 4= &C 0 [] 'C "(%
C;< [] 8 = S = K G= jQ J ( %L y /
"(
(11:44) V ( (U ( S= -C ; ( n=1TK 'C "(% O( SK,
}
( 4= jQ J(D P= T( [] 0(4&L ¡R &C (4= 5 E5&C
(72:10) nR4 : = K T4 := ( T( O 4&C = &C
Worth Reading
A large number of people kill their wife and children by giving them slow poison.
How? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE04-0001-Smoking.htm


Analysis
Í J(T<
h
K 0 := C&C .xK = 0K M &C ML $5(6 I K $
= 0&C
[] ;C 7 DC n -C ;C < MC C E:L .= 0K J(G P= G( n C k 5K
C U P( "= = EF !K = G( 'C 1 ,
DC .[] ES$ DC
J "(= 0K M &C C;< 4H O( C-T( h (zC d "= C&C .C)5yj
(75:36-40) *S=
Q R S= C a ( = G( '( "(E$ K = %C !( U; C;<

(16:9) V 1( = &C := L C []
:= g( 4( T=&C := ( 1( = $
T( I
g C C [!K U; ] Q R S= C
(2:20) a 0(%C H J = R 'L C;< ! U; UMN(
ni="R MC SL-;L 7 = 0 !( U; M( KO P= G( MC SK<= 0 P 0(U
G H " = &C K "= C 8
a SG= &C [] .[MC SL-;C 7 = 0K] := gK
(16:20-21) M C SL)1 = 0K MC E0&C MC K1K #
= 0
CD J(*0 := 2L 0(4BL 'H ,
< P= G( ML $5(6 [ ;( >K ]
(21:37) M ( SL;,
( 1= $= *
(T UN( !K U; E J(U d E SL;K- *
n5Ck; K !( "(S ( ; 1 = -C DC nGSL; G ['C (%L ] P= G
(17:33)
.@
K 4( Uk G 4O= &C G .@
( 4( Uk ( E$
(86:1-3) I K %( U) :K ,
= E []
Rule of the Day! The word ETK (There is no escape) is used to

describe the sense of “It is essential” e.g. C T2( : U;1 * M & TK (It is
essential that you learn writing), 4(>( P
G( T (The examination
is essential) etc. In case of nouns, the word PGis used after T.


Analysis
Í J(T<
K SK, CzN( .[8 = 4 SL ] d K = E# CzN(
CzN( .[8 = "K ] qL , ( CzN( .8 = 4 2C 5
w
K SK SK CzN( .[ = ;C k<K ] 4K #1(
CzN( .8 = ,K 4K ( CzN( .[8 = # ( K ]
BCT( .= ;C i(K 3L O yS= CzN( . = +K ~ K SL
CzN( .8 = #
( 5K ?K K CzN( . = ;C (%L I H 5=zC
.8
= 1K :K "(, CzN( . = kC # ( L y E$
G d
a 5 = ;( < . = C (+= &L L E, CzN(
(81:1-14) 8 = = &C
( ;C Cg .V
("( 4( SLA .M( SK0=EF V ( ]
P( $
= &C J(D MC $5(6 - ;C > = -C C .[V ( G( jQ
(95:1-5) V ;( D( 'C C = &C pK 5O= O 4 E:L .¤H S( - *
¡:W
K [] .MC K( = 0K 8
H ;L L J(D := K C *
(2:17-18) M C SK1( = 0 := K DC Ja = <K :a 2 TK
h
< EO G [., CzN( '( "= U; . ]
P= G( h
C a "= > 3L >( æC .C;%C G h
T4
t= DC h
T4 h "(k1= 0K
S= $
C .Cyj
(93:1-5)
g"- K !( U; C %C 5 [] !( U; qL SK4 := K C qC C-DC
(91:13)
Face the Challenge!

What are the words used to call a person away
from the speaker? If such words are used for a
person near to the speaker, what does it mean?

Lesson 10B: Human Being in the Muslim Philosophy
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study some excellent philosophical
The intuitive mind is a sacred gift and
works of the ancient Muslim scholars. In selecting the
excerpts in these lessons, we can got help from the <SSG the rational mind is a faithful servant.
Ákl J(T1 ( JG6 J(T1 2 .
(10# 42G oN 104 J(5Wj I ) !("* L "" M$56 L "(gG

:!S-T o1* 4R& "N (3=" T b 4G d a 5 T a 4( KG H:$ PG IsG ML $56
(29 ,. ) “.P 0(( !K C SK1-C DC J( K4 P= G( !( "(D
K 7
= C 5 !K K=0ES Cz{(DC .VH A( P= G( x#
T a (> J5N(”
d (T (<K C n0#* !"N K o1* !KDtN d oN ( T 3L 4R6D
.(93 15 ) “.:K 2L $ L 5=&C SK( >= &C” : o1* !S% ± 34Sf
'L D v K º !E0 'T p( G& ( StS !";< UqK0 M& oN
K 0 M( $56 ± d OS
F"" & :;1 d. . 3L ". 'L * :( $º ± (S (T J( Jg 5BT <
"Rj pg < g(-T ( GK xTk$G x$$G n;G (T nD G :$º MS20
C;Í !(5S ± :$º ( "5 } ( <j 'G Jg !(;* 3< oN 0 n " K "= "D
."5$º } <Ç
± o1* !(D1(T n 5-G D1G 'C 1 "D s2 d ( ± T ;< o1* !U; r %
q% (21 20 80 4 ) “CMK( = *K C;DC &C := 2L $ ( L 5=&C J(D .V (%( SK; ( 8
a 0 }
( 4= BC J(D ” :!S%
q% (53 ; D) “. !K E5&C := K C P E"0 E := ( $( L 5=&C J(D @( CD J(D *(0 := ( 0(K ” :o1*
...“.!($T :2D<& !TT :2LD<&” ::; !";< ^ ;W
! R p& :( C1 ( i"g ;< n S-1G xS$Í x"* M$56 !U; Is4 % : 2. %
hz “.="2 :C1; a 7KG ="W :a C< Sg ML $56 ” :'"% :C1 ± Oa SSG Sg G '
o1* !(4 M$56 ( D1G L 0D .(15(W D1G oN (T 'WS"D :C1 D1G ;< !T sq"
. x"= S;< hz P< !U; o1* !;)G d" x( SG ! M& Oa SKSG !5& :;1"D :C1
10 M&
Died n " Healthy xTk$G Insight 3( ="

(104 J(5W&) 85 S". ( ;< M$56 L ;"D

: !($ !($5 ± s; 85 S". ;< 'D M( $5ß
: sM{D .& F"" 2. :;1 'L -1 (T J( 32K 3( ES-L D !($5 ± !;D G&
(S;1T q( S, ¦
L b 0( 4 a 2D v d";D '"70 1T d ( *K s;
= 5 MN
K1T :s;10 5N .( E02 8
( < :s;1* (*S% ± d" .(T& ( "Rj 'C ;(<
K 1*
.O-( 'L " hz ± g S%& ( ;C "7K 8
( < /
1T
;< !(" ;< ( G- _ ( 5 (A M( $; ;(G1 ( "D !$ ± !L;D G&
= &C J(D MC $5={( - ;C > = -C C” : !S-T hz ;< o1* ^ !5 % .´1 g ± (L& G '
P( $
(64 D) “.:= L 4 S W
K P $
= BCDC := L 4 ESW
” : !S-T (4 V ) “.¤H S( - *
:q% hT p0N o1* !(0# .S-1 3C 4S g< 'T -D C "(k"(k7 3C 4S P( 10 :C
H "= )(C ;C < := gK ; EDC 8
( "Uk P G( := gK % + 4 (
= J(D := gK ; O J(T G= EC = -C C ”
(70 6 ) “.n;"( * - ;C > P= EG(
d K ; ?20 ´ !5N r" PG 8"# S P< n %5 n -;> ;( >K M$56 sM& : < + PG
qL T ML $56 Jk<& % zN .¬ a %5 pKD G a "= ) J k( <L& !(* z ± x 1K0 ´ !"
G !C "D p00 G I
K $ H ' d H ;G s' !T C 70 M& !K2( K0 KF"(" hz
....EI & G !10 O 4&
.x5$5N 4 W !T G J <( 0K M& ¦
H #T hD HOSSG 'C D& x5$5N !(5S2T Sg M MN M$56
r" P(G ML $56 G& ...'0 !"D 1f hz O( S 4( -D .:C2K 'L 1 . :K ;1 SKg
( "k"k7 3( 4S r" PG .Mb S"D 0 dK0 G r" PG .8 a D 'L $
( 0 U 0 G
.p-KG p S% ( kKT !K;"D 5N .4 ± 3H 4S 2D
So that he observes J <( K0 M& Dominance " Monkey O-(
He nourishes and
procreates
'L $
( 0 U 0 Related to form C "(k"(k7 Erecting _
( 5

h
;C 4K0 M$56D ;)KG 34SW & ;KG n "T N M$; S LM$56 G :'"% v
.2 ( 3( S-T C " 4K0 : ( k :;1 3( SL-T(
$K"D hC; ( DL BT ;0 M& a ";7D ('1 :( ;1T ( 2 ( "T(* oN s; !K Eg(
W PD
“.¤a ( C h
a ;C G UN( Cg M N(” :o1* q% "5T4 n2;G
K15j 'L B* 'B0 "5( 8 ( s; *T ( 0S# 3S- ( "T* oN ; !(g
W PG
& I;2 x0t & H0F=7 xgR & 4H S)C x GN K "= "D .:( ( DBT ;0 M& ";7D
MH k"# K "= "D !; hz 9K ,0 & HI;1) MH 4 z & H x2G & H', xOS-
“.8
SLUk < 0(+7
3C O -( :K K =G( 'C 1 ” :o1* !S% hz ;< H0G
o1* !U; q% .M( S". / ( 1 N ( -"-. ± Sg d" M$5N 34SW !*4SW PG( a"= ) MS2
_ E ER UMN(” : q% “.n;"( ' t &C := gK ' T ( 15=BCC UN( := gK M N(” : !U; P< MSL;-( 10 P0 ±
:= K DC KC C P 0(U !( U; = <( _ E ER UMN(” :o1* q% “.MC SL;-( 1= 0 C P 0(U :K 2 K : !( U; = <(
._ R :Kg :C !U; C;1 J( 3C S- S;1$0 :C P0 sM& P"D “.MC SKG( = 0K C
Ja = <K :a 2 TK ¡:WK 5( <OK UN( 9K $
= 0 C T( K 1( = 0 (U '( )C C KC C P 0(U 'L )CG ” :o1* q%
“.MC SL;-( 1= 0 C := K DC
('G S# 'G Sv 0S2$G J;< ST&) "5$56 3k(
!(0&4 ± b 0 T ! .( # O( 4 '% :a "R( 0, :a g( qb 1D& Ï M$5N Sg (T Ï M$5ß
!";< !( " p< G ( "BT C 10# !"(*B* 5N 'T (# oN "D
K 0 .!(;-< ± 'b &
.;l &(G P(G !"D pkC o1* ^ p>& % .!(*kD ± Oa SSG !"D Pa G( Sg G K "= )D
Leopard H 5 Ox, bull 4S Negligent ;KG
Deceiving MH 4 z Having excessive desire xgR He matches 4K0
Wolf I
H ;1 Harmful x0t Suitable a ";>
Rebellious H 0G Having malice xOS- Dull x

oN @ a SR '( oN b !"D "5$56 P(G I a " 5 '( -1 PG 3b F0 ! PG s'2D

.L "5$56 K( S*K 'L -1 "(-0 ½ P( ' P(G )& > H J# .P(
.>& 4( SG& ~ K ( 1$ I
K ;A ( 2# L EG 8
( %j /
( 1T ± hT MC % MN
a o1* l sM& S !"D I 4K ( b ;"D 'b " n0& !K10 G ( 2# G M& S
!($5 ± = ,0 ´ zN ";< / "N <O P( a & _, ~T q. pg 8$* C
.!= ~-* pK(z o1* ^ ( " S* ;< 'H "O ` Kt & g zN 1C .(T n% GK C n(gR
('G S# 'G Sv 0S2$G) "5( ML 1
C 0j ! 1( 0 P(G 3( ="2 8
( 51 oN !(. O( T 3L ". ! :(* M$56 sM& P"* %
b 04t K1T J( _j ( PG hz =" EP2( qC F= 3C S$2 C 0Oj -D Sf
.
n tD & n " & n0 MS20 !(;"* u ( "1 P( "= $* ± b 1D5 1T ( #"1f ±
"D (#"< 8
( 4t ± K;< = =0+( &L J( 85 S". ( ,G ML $56 ,0 d"
G& h .!5T 8
( P(G (g w0 ( oN y gD .9( kT K*" !T K SL-*
._
H 4& s' oN !(52(T 'WS0 H JR s' !T 7$" !T V<& '-1T
M& h I ( S ( -T ± n"1"A ( "= )2 3( 4T n ML 1 M C
J(<& _S;kf J# g 9( "º PG :"( P ( qC <j SK<+S0 SK1( ,0 & ~ MC E0
.P2K0 G '( D& ;< 3". -
Worth Reading
What is the Quranic Strategy for Personality Development?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0005-Quranic.htm
He becomes civilized MC E0 It is removed

= =0+( &L Instinct 3b F0
They distribute / divide SK<+S0 He helped G& It becomes equal 8$*
Professions P ( Purpose _
H 4& Shelter EP2(

(104 J(5W&) /1T oN :1T ~

(
K "
M{D .! p=" ( 51(T UN !"N
K 0 G 5O& !($ 'C K 0 M& H & s' ;< IK1W C !5& :;<
(*
( W F( K7 P( Ck V oN ( 4F P "= PG (;" * I 1 * 5O< S 1k C -
ML $56 '"% ( .P "= 51G P0(gKG %D n %D SK1( ,0 M& ~ .pK I 1K
`( ( G ± / H 1T oN :K1T K -( 0 'T .!(#"1T ( <º P< O P(2K0 !5& :& .9( kT J5(G
."5K P( 0
!S-T “.x1T !K1T #0 M( " PG; PGK ” :!(S-T :; !";< ^ ;W ! E5 hz ;<
!G C2R zN S ( $º ')G :( K * :g(O S* ± PGf 'L )G” : :; !";< ^ ;W
x1T !K1T M< G H $, ~ K :'"% %“.. ( $T pK < * Sa <
...U'> x1T !K1T qC C > G s'-C
'C 1 .gA10 G H < :G H ' o1* !U; 7 /1T oN :1T ~ K C
( . PG n D :G H s' " Ã0( 8

H %* n "> 8
H G :(1W (1(A VT
T4 >& b <W ?s; S .( FK( p S% !1"kK* ($T(T K0 .C p4W K ( #0
.(T xGKG "D x;G
.851f 8 K S%j 'L k( D 3 n <W :1=BT K470 i h o1* ^ :g7 %
N 8< PG "A& N O PG $ & N =j PG 4> C hz S
n; '1 !2(T o1* !U; P2 .hz ;< K> 1D4& N q<j PG ;=&
'( . n S < 0K0 !(1 T } H 4 :GN ~D .47KG 3H 4SW ± x,KG !"D Sg "D :G
à C'. I"10 !(< T t0 ,. ,. I"10 !(< T t0
“.MC SK ( DC := ( 0= C T( _
H F= ( ' L xTK+K := K "= T := gK G= &C SK1Uk-C DC ” :o1* q% :gG& :5
Accustomed to x;G Plural of D , occupations
( . Grinding P( Ck
Bored xGKG Practice FKG He practices it gA10

J( qS% sqO g ;< n0T < ,0 !5B g0N !("g 9G gKT(2K0 v pa 4 GN
= $
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“CMK(= *&C n = D( /
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1= T ; 1 ” : o1* !S% “.1= DC 4 "5= 3( "
J(D := K #
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~ qC F0 P” : :; !";< ^ ;W q% ( “.!( (;C ( R C;< 'L 1= 0 '§ L ' %L ” : o1* !S%
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s' J ( L S ~
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garbage
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social
( Ci(
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n S

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0
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signing and dancing
8
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:a (C := K = ( DC 5O( <( P= G( "= C kC W
= P 0(U _
2( 4 = &C E:L” :o1* !S% ± M4Sf :g .a T(
“.!( U; M( z {(T( 8 ( "= 7
(T a T( := K = G( a ( - GK := K = G( !( $
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( "(T ;C K 4K
SKG P 0(U .MC SK5F = 0 := gK C := ( "= ;C <
a S= > C !( U; Q "(= &C UMN( C&C” : o1* !S- 0< ( % ;
+K S= C S gK h (zC !( U; 8
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a ;G .n2;G M MN (9kT a < :MTt x0& :g
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a S& (4. a ";T _T à % ('

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Sociable
a S& Mischievous r
b T(< Chosen Ja ( kC GK
Bold, proud ?
a 5& Deceiving ¡I> Lack of respect qb z( $KG
Jealous like a cock h
( 0 4a SK" Fox I
( ;1) Enslaved n%$KG
Humble like a pigeon ( . qb Og Impudent, cheeky `
a % Brutal a S#

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T( pK K 2 9K D( = 0 "= ;C < _
K SL;-L ?
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.T( pK OK &C :K "(-$
= 0 "= CN M( $5= dK 5 PK 2L $ = * b "D( C 3b EOG
Coexistence u
( 0K1 Woodworm ( t4j Citron plant
( *j
Placement
H t& Climbing it g-*KG Lice '( C-

:= C !K = 2C ;C G !K = < CzN( 2C ;C G !K = < CA&C CzN E5BC;( DC :b 1 "(kGK d

a 5 J g( J(U C 3L <( C- EGBCDC
( "( 1= T( MC C !K $ K 5 !K = < P= G = &C g "= C h
;( = 0 C M BCT( S K DC !K $
5 h
= ;( = 0 := C P= G .2 ;( = 0
.C= &C g( "= C
:= C Cz{(DC .( 1= (T Oa SK$ = G (E0z( j(T Oa SK - G MC $5= UMBC;( DC :L 1 G( , L C j J g( L "5(U) 3L <( C- EG&C
:= C b 1= 5( !K C := ;C $
= * := ;C DC (!0(O<&C y Sg= &C (!"(D
= U2 * (!0(( (0=&C !K = C Uk7 * nDSLB G n( P= 2L 0
= ;( $
DC (!0(( P= G( 9 G= (!0(O< &C C;< ( C (T 5= nDSLB G n( CMC Cz{(DC .3b EGK !K C ? K = *
. xkC > !K K ; ( x$
= <K M( GEF SK W
MC C M N( =:K = < !K *KEGK = C W =:K = G( !K K 1= 5(
!K U; qC C% .a #
T = G( E1 0K C b G +( C M( $5= C UMBC( ÃL"D( C2 3L EO J ( DC :L )C(U) 3L <( C- EGBCDC
J g( J(U 3C EO < Cz{(DC “.P 0((> SK5C G 1Uk MC SL;L B 0 C x$ := gK ;1 G ” :C1*
..."5=OK !K C := -( $
= * := C b3" !K C = K * := C !( $
( 5 K S%(
(P0 "5 _O& O4 ) ~ q S & 5
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.`
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± C S 5 (* SC;> ± ~S ;< "%4 ; x + $; xg% 0 (*O 4N
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= * LC ;( 7
= K y Sg= !( (g= 4 P= G( ?
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J(D UMBC( ÃL 0O( 1 ~ K SL !( D( S= > P= G( 9K (= * L(K (0= !( *(S k $ T( ?2L * L%C C K _K SL;-L
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.... J;( G H O( 4 S( %C
They opposed him pK K5< Secrets $ Convened b (i;G

They refrain MC S2C = 0 Calamities 8
( E;( GK Productive, fertile I
a >

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( (
( K $ D &C C } ( 4= _ ( > J(D K = &C ¥ J= R d
"= C .=(DC =G( BCDC < :nGK 5 = %C
O( $C P= G( b$ = %( !K = G( H F= K '2L ( H0C CN J(= 0 C C;< ? K -( 0 d "= C !K E5BC( Ã(4S= ,
P= (G ( ; 7

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y( !( "= CN PK 2L $
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K = >( J ( DC :L $ G( 7 3L <( C- EG&C
(9S E J(D ~ K SL 9K $ ( E* ( 1 /
K L * := K = < J(= 0 K$ ~ ( E J(D ' -( "DC .q( C %
UMBC( ( S = &C ( C (5= "5= (C ( J(< E S% &C P= (G h (zC .'C W K SE 3C SK K )(2 *K
_( = &C P= G( L ( = 0K I K = 7 ( MC C CzN(Q .Q 7E$ C 5G L 4( SK0 ( ( CN qL SLi0 I = 7 (
CW UM&C C .gEOt G O( $C _ ( = &C P= G( L K = 0 _K = , MC C K W G ( C E
M N OK $C !( T( E:< G ( K M N K C E !( T( E:< G ¡< _ ( = ,
OK $DC h (C 2C DC ¡< I ( = 7 (
:L O( E$ 3L <( C- EG&C ....( G C-(= J(< O ( C E ( <( S%C P= G( MC SL20 M &C = CBDC -( DL
'L EG 0K d "= C G ( (% C;< r L 1 = 0 !( T(1"(= P= < K K 1K K K - 0 G ( (% C;< r L 1 = 0 ` a "($DC 'b G &C J ( DC
'L g= &C -C D C x"(= $
= GK !( T(
( 0 E qL E pK BC# 5=&C T( K ( *= 0 J 5(U) UM&C C S= C .!( T(T4= &C 3( "
T( !( ( 4 O J(D
P= G( h (zC J(D (= J(t 4&C 2 $ q( +( G P= G( !( "= CN MC SK = 0 G ( #5=N CN H = < 'L
'L G :qC C% !K E5&C :; !";< ^ ;W J(E P= < ( 4K = %C .!( T( Q C> C G M( C2G= 4( 1 * +( S<= 6
. xC ¡&L = 1 t 4= &C C x, R ~ a 4( C ~ C C pK C S= C J(EGBL( !( U; P= (G b = 4
(1) Mirzuban was the ambassador of the king of Persia who visited Caliph U’mar !< ^ Jt4. He found that the Caliph
U’mar did not have any palace and he was sleeping in the Mosque like an ordinary man.
Poverty & difficulty 4( 1 * +( S<= 6 More

appropriate
= &C Incentives, plural of "< O J(< E
Mutual hatred due to not
having something
( 1 /
K L * Wide hope `
a "($DC 'b G &C It returns to CN qL SLi0
It accompanies K ( *= 0 Infertility, lack of
production
Q_
K = ,


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_t 3k" Ik a~S$G qb S-1G a & ! -0 _ a t :MTt hz & ! -0
.T2 ( ~S$Í & ! -0
Goods 9( ( Domestic animals P( ( Tax n 0(
Substitute }
( S<& Silk, silkworm 3( O KO ( 0. Hunting ¾(%
Looking for Bill of
Exchange
( C S _
( -*4 Raising horses ( "( KDL Hunting nO"kW

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= 0 d
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t
= %C z N(
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C C
= &C "= ;C < 3H O 0+( CN E1 0 M &C ( "= C P= G( (!( D d
( ; 0 (!(0C( 4 = %C = G( I
;L k 0 M &C :gK &C
....P 0(( - K I
( *( G qL <= &C P"= ((Uk q( S = &C K &C p( ( DC .= G( MH - 5K C;< ( - 0
ML SL20 = %C K "= ( - E Cg .!( *(EOG ~ ( ( J(D g F= 0 (!(0C( I ( ;C AC P= < -C 0K M &C :J(5U) K G=
'H $ 2C ( pK K ( - * MC C M {(DC .x1-C * x g= +K 3n 4 * n; S * 3n 4 * n;$
C 3n 4 * ML SL2"DC :!H K = &C ( C C C C;<
= %C ."-( R x1(t = &C "( %C ¢;C MC SL20 M &C 1= 0 P= ;C DC (¦( K G (¦#E 3L = C ( K = -C DC
M &C K - C O C 4 -C I ;( = 0 M &C K $
O C” :qC C% !K E5&C :; !";< ^ ;W J(E P= < ( 4K
;C ) G( ¥ J= R MC C M N( .L E CD 3( " @ S= DC ¥ J= R MC C M N” :K = 4= F T qC C% “. x L MC SL20
4( SL)= G J(D 'C "(% “.K - C CD !K ;C ) G( ¥ J= R MC C M N( K} CD 8 ( S= @
S= DC ¥ J= R MC C M N( ( CD
....( - C P= G( a "= > K = -C ::( 2C
(
L 1 T4= &C h
(zC CN SK<= 0 = -C DC C3 ) 2C 3C O 0F I
;L k 0 ( 0C2( (T 9 - 0 C M &C S K DC :r
L (U) K G= EG&C
:_
H = &C
...(3EO 3( ) C q( 3( O 0F( T( qL *K C J(U 8
( S E# L < + GK :gK &C
J(D T( _
E-C 0 ("= 7
p( SKK J(D DC ( = "( 3C ) 2C d
( ; 0 3C O 0F I
;L k 0 M &C :J(5U) I
K E$
...4K C <= &C C DC .
SK; T( r C "(0K

K1= T( 9 (kC = 0 ( 8 ( (
9 G (!(C4 C;< L ;L 7= 0 (p( CS ( g >( E"( ÃCq SG= J (- 0 3C O 0F I ;L k 0 M &C :r
L (U) I K E$
g4( += S( T( zb SK>B G 1( = ,
T( ¡J-( R Cg ...!( - J(D h (zC
( = W P= < !( C (!$ ( 5 C;< !( t
3( ER(
.. IL (z C;< C7 = * C pH SKK P= G( S= U; E= = %C
Excused 4K C <= &C Happiness of
enjoyment
¦
( (
K G Being contented x1-C *
Withholding wealth !( t
Desiring
SK; Laziness, procrastination 'H $

C

~( E &LS = &C C DC .!( G( ( = (T n R (!1( = ,

( =(= !K ;L k 0 qC 9 ,= 0 M &C :9K T( E I K E$
J(D .E CG !( "= ;C < T 4 W E ( ( C K( !( "= CN
= ES * = %C K!C x5F= K := gK R &C (!"(D
:= gK = #DC !( U; '( "( J(D 5SL-( = 0K C C E( I g U MC KF(2 0 P0(U C ” :C1* !K U; qC C% !( ;( ) G(
“.:H "(&C _
H C1 T(
(G-G M;> PT ) 9 05
.~S$Í J(5$ Sg n";< !5S2T .2D J;< G& ± 2;G Jg 1< M& :;<N
q S j ± 3Rf Mj '& v I K < & 3( RfT L;-D S$ L "5$º q S j
p(42* '1 hz q( 1 P< 'K * 7 4 W 2;f .3D :*& S$ "5$º
:*& I
K <& ( 01K '-5 .2;f MS2* 'Wj $5 ;< .!K*4SW K * >& 1T 3G
;< .7 ;< ;W. 2;f P(G K 4& 'L & !< L ;W. 2;D .:;1 ( 7 '-5 PG
.!(2;G qS ( < ± :s;1K @ K ( MS20 :s;1K ( 2C ;C G :";1 3( OSK 4( %
I 804T ¬70 Sg "$ .IsK G L "$ G 9 sMN :L
¬7GK !5j n& !(A$ "$ Sg :( ";1 ± G - .8"2; MS20 Sg
.n %5 h !K";1* MS20 :( ";1 ± n-T MS2"D !(;-5 ;< J< K UDS * 4T
;< ni"#D ni"R ¦T ('1 oN 3( ES-L PG *G CDW& K70 K 2 q F0
K ,( * v ...qH "& MH G+& ± ' 0 »N b 1DKO hz 'L K 0 .'L K 2* (®04

= <O K*4 8 = 0 F* z{D "$ N G S0 n %5 3( "= 4( Gj ± 9
2 .'1 oN 3S- PG
= > (9 q1 oN "D (
4SG&
(1) The topic under discussion is education and training of skilled labor. (2) It means that something was potentially
possible. The potential was exploited and it came into reality.
Simple
L "$ More appropriate I
K < & Skill <
Complex, compound IsK It establishes firmly
K * Direct 3( Rf
From potential to reality '( 1 oN 3( ES-L PG Observation ( 01K Faculty, talent 2;G

:%>& V$è :0OB* ! :gS#5 q& ± M"K (t04 ± 0k M"T

(S;1 " & Ë F)
!(;% !0 b z b $"5 3b gS ( gk
“. 45 :2";g& :2$5& S% SG P0 0&0” :' F< ^ q% % ....!"N !T qK0 G s'
.o& 3( >| 45 P< !5S 0 MBD "5 4( 5 P< !5S 0 _
K j M G
: 1 pOS1 0K ( S$ ( 5-L PG !0 @>j P Í !s;10 !Ts0 !TO0 MBT !5"W
M& J0 'T .Tj g h;"D K zN (;A ± pK< 9""D "gD C 0F !"N IK0
...q. 'B* 0G 3n &G N !(<t4N !(5 ± '1$0 D p(G& q& PG !% 0
zN !5{D .( ". ' & 4K S hz q& !% G P $K0 M& J"D F"" 'C 07G !"D &4 G
0 !";< '-1 4( S5 @ ( R6 N hz d";D q1Dj / 1T K0 J$0 :K (#0 M
o1* ^ PG b 0g pg .JR MO H JR PG J$0 4 D /1; n7KG x"% "Rj /1T
.²S; < '-1 q2T #G Sg .I;- ( W @ ( >j q < ;< q* 34#T !"N
!";< I(;0 G q& .p(F""* & !("(T !(0OB* ;< M1$K0 'T 'C K0 M& J0 J$f J( D
!";< qS-0 M& !(""T N 1k L >B0 M& ')G !"D _OK0 M& J"D 1k pK R 8 PG
@
( 0 M& p=" '% 1k oN 4 O( K0 M& !";0 (G 'B0 M& p(>& < “^ :$T”
....e ",0 M& '( j ± $0 M& 'B0 PG oN !"N
( k7KG P< 3( > _
( ") d "gD :1 OS<K P0 M" P< J( °K0
.!"D !0 G !1$0 PG s'
He becomes modest :K #
( 0 He develops habit OS1 0K Innocent b z
He encircles @
( 0 Luxury, affluence "gD : 1 He protects MS 0
He chews with sound e ",0 Nursing 5 Bad companions ( S$ ( 5-L

n% xOS$ T s @>j Q O4 I ( ;C j ± > p(S#5 ( T ± '=g& G J( M{D
.I0OB P( $KT( hz 9" P< °K0 5N .H 5,G OH " ht qH S D z x SC G5
±~ ( " :C S & 4 Tj 8 ( 02 4( ">j r
C 0O & MC - :s;1"D I
( 2f ± '#0 :L
( kê PG °K0 .!(;g& #1 K z "D J( 4( 1Rj PG °K0 .V. I !($5
4 C T( MC " _S;% ± ~ K ( 0 hz M{D .9k s%4(
( P(G hz sM& MC SK< F0 P0 ( TOyj

.O( $
0 (T !";< +,K0 !";< 2K0 M& J"D Oa SG 'b 1D 'b " a ;L >K J( PG G Å
!< 'C DC 0 M& J"D 3 3G q S j / ( 1T ± hz ?> M{D .~ ( & P "= T K 0 !T
zN " .!;)G ;< & K ,0 M& 4S 0 !5& ! 0 !R2K0 p h (0
( R2fT J(K0 3n 4$ pK "0 T4 !";< hz 4 N M{D !(>N ± J( p
!5{D P=" s' ± _ ( 1T !";< qC S- )2K* ... ( I*1K0 M& J"D x"5 O< MN .hz 1D
...!(;% PG 2 9K % L -L $0 `- _( S4 ( Gf ( !";< MS0
C iC"(AS w
9K 0 P2 n " !G 90 'C $2 4SK0 !5{D 4(5 ( S P< 9 0 M& J0
d( ;f w ( f ± C 5S#l OS1K0 'T :1 P< K ( 0 D !5T PK ( $K0 p£<& Is; *
z{D .` a "% !5& K -( 10 Sg N !"(7K0 !5{D H"> ± !;10 G ' PG 90 M& J0 .:1kf
.`"- 'C 1D OS1K* *
M& PG 9K0 ...'L $2 !";< I ;0 t0 ( . J# 4 / ( 1T ± OS10
'T !(* O !( S & !($TG !(<kG P(G H J#T & p !L2;( 0 (G H J#T !(5 %& ;< 7
( 0
.:1G ( 2 ± ?sk; pR < PG '2 6 9 t S OS10
He becomes fat PK ( $K0 Shameless, insolent H 5,G Negligent '=g&
Exercise, sports t0 Don’t tear h
= (0 One who defames others G5
Board & inkpot (used to
teach writing)
8
( O
( S They dare K ,0 Insistent x SC
Kindness ?sk; Soft & tender C iC"(AS Cheater OH "

M& :s;10 'T P"= #K O& PG M MN .H #( C T( i"R M" PG C >B0 M& PG 9K0
:s;1";D ( - O& PG M MN .3b 5O b $(> a C >j M& (>j ± ( k<6 ± C 1D
9( k H -L 4( 5 ± ¬
K ( K0 !5{D I;2 _ ( &O PG hz sM& .sz b 5G >j 9 k sM&
.. ."D 9( k ( I
( g I M( " oN `K E-0 ;LºT. "D
T($0 p("= 3( (T _
Q )C0 C7
( 0 !$;Û ± K 0 M& OS10 M& J0
hz sM{D p(<( $T !&4 10 !(%(z * !s 9 0 '(4 ;< (4 90 p="
( %S ;< sq0 hz M& ! P"0 2 3C ) 9K0 .~S;º "" :s;10 .'( $2 '"O
.i; ( T& 'L 1D !5&
2T Q 0 M& 9K0 .( ± hz O10 ì xTz & M %OW &4 V" 9K0
Sg P(G p :;2* G P $K0 M& q $ 4( -(T xT S N :s;20 M& OS10
2 S( PG 9K0 .!00 VT d;,0 M2f ! 9S0 !C%SD P( S-0 M& . !G c&
$0 hz M{D .hz PG JR !(5$ ;< ,0 PG ( k7KG PG I$ P1; PG !#D
:s;10 M& J0 ....S$ 5% PG °. M" I0OB* 'W& .S$ 5- PG Í
P( "= 1T :"N L 0 M& . J(& I
H 0% PG !G K & Sg PG !TOG !s;1G !0 C <A
.:00& VT I 1; 0 M& :( "1 º
0& /
( 1T ± ( S T EG0 3 3( 4k * ± `
G $K0 M& J"D F( "" P e;T G
# O( PG !"N 0 G ' :s;10 .Ig 0. 0 d I K ,K0 .MG4
.M" ;< IK ;( 0 G ' u _2 ( 5"l PG . '( & ( %$ PG
S7K0
He yawns _
Q C)0 He waits ¬
K ( K0 Exchange C T(
Shamelessness ( %S He spits K 0 Meanness, lowliness 3b 5O b $(> a
He is forgiven `
G $K0 He blows his nose
C7( 0 Disgrace b 5G

5N .b 0( O& C 1Aj sM& ! K"D 4SGj pg 4 &

10 M& P2G& ²S; _ 4 % D
z N C 'C W& s; "5 sM& .' F< ^ ( <A ;< (T M$56 S-K0 M& G OS -f
.KG 4 O -G 4 O 3C >| sM& .-G 4 O ( GK 4K O 5& ."15 9K kC -0 8Sf sMN C -T
: s1* 3( >æ "5 PG OF* PG '%1 d "2 M& .H < s' ± G 8 S sM&
.M( º ± !"15 9K $( 0 o1* ^ < !4O
!(;% J(D )0 x1( 5 x sG x1% ²
( S; < 2 g M x(W SK # M z{D
u I 1; JK ( ?s& hz
7(T S# 9% MN .( ,. ± u - )0
P< ( . 3C S5 . q( S% P< !K;% 5 (> P0F ~; 1k pR C %S
( "= 7; T% ;( >K p(gS,(T J( M{D < *K M& J0 J( Jg 4SGj ' BD .d(T" _ ( K
.P( "= 5º & oN !T M"0 p ST& 5N .x1" #
(G-G M;> PT ) :(T 3b G P="s;1 ;< 3# M&
PG .2;f ( S PG !5j S ( W& ± " :s;1fT ¡ ( G :( ";1 ± .
g4N M& hz

;< "t .K - !T k (l & h ( " & P "= ;1 P(G ( - ?
( $1T pTG M
Sg rK7 _ ( 2 ;< '( K '( $2 oN p<O .(A#T Igz (A$5 ± d
.!";< ( -T 0j ¦( $5 PG nDS> p("= t ± G ( ="T g
PG ! J( "5$56 J(51G 8$CD n-;L >K 3n O< pg ! 84W .h C 10l 2f !s;<
± p("= ;< n "< 4W .!F=G & !($5 P< 1D f L ". Jg M ( r L "
G (0 P< -5D '"º ;l ' _$ P< d K
= ;C ($C 'T hz
q5 - ( % ± ; G& s'2 9 %C 2g .P "= ;D$ '& ± O< d 2C *4D "5$5
.!T -"D4 ! L ;D2 L 2;f MS2* .!";< pKG& hC;K0 PG ' ± p< .?$1 G
It deteriorates d
2C *4 Extension, ease ¦
( $5 Oppressing too
much
.
g4N
Extent G Dependent upon ;< n "< Oppression ?
( $1

(G-G M;> PT ) !*ODN 0A S;1 :( ";1* ± _ S !( ±

n ";% ni"#D ni"R (®04 ;< M zN n "G MS20 »N P=";1; S;1 P ="-;* M& :;<
± ! _E-0 ._ hz qL SW& Jg P P(G _ H T ' PG 'C $G n & !";< -;0 n";%
!";< O4SK0 G q( S- p(O 1 !(;-< 3S% hz ± < K0 q=6 '( " ;< R
."1t b "(FK 5& N :;1 hz ± b 2;G ! ' K0 hz < .P > oN J0
P< P( "= -( ; ± !1D"D n"5 P( oN !T 90 :L .!(;$G '" * P :( !K*B"g 5& K0
hg G ! 0 q= 6 P< 70 M" # J(DS$0 G ;<& oN * h;*
.!K2;G OK SK,D P > oN J 0 M& oN !(
l PG
¬;7"D .!;C-G ! `D !t N n-;G nG n 0S< K0 D R % !T 90 :L
± ' K0 5N K 0&4 Sg " :( ";1 ! g .!(2;G ;< oS % P PG
.!";< $"0 ! ;â G I$(T hz PG s'%& ± / ( 1; ' K0 % .8
H 4 2*
!(* ODN :( ";1 @
A MSL;,0 4O& ( 1 ( P="s;1 PG x"= ) 5gR %
s; ± !(gz 4( {T !5Sk0K :;1 PG ;- 'L $f !(";1* q& ± :s;1; M0
!";< MSks;7"D !;" * hz J<4 !5Ss;20 .!"D nT SW :";1 ;< n5 G hz MSK$0
:;1 qC S% sM{D .( 1( $0 M& '% (OG ± MS 8(0 PG ! MS-;0 (T
± N ;LºT :( P< nF< ( Gj q& :s;1 MS20 .x,0=4* BL# * !( 8( O 1
."$. q)GjT q=6 I ( 0- '( " ;< s'%j
Making mind present P( gz 4( N Obscure, difficult n 0S< Aptitude, readiness O( 1

By practice n5 G Closed 'C-G Instruction (of a
teacher)
P( "= -( ;

Lesson 11A: Sequence of Words ="> :=0-
Dear Reader!
In all languages, words or phrases are arranged in a
sequence by applying the grammar principles. Prepare yourself to work for Allah’s cause
Where the grammar principles allow using different i.e. spreading the religion to both Non-
sequence of words or phrases, they are arranged to Muslims and Muslims.
express certain meanings. The detail is as follows
• A word or phrase is described in the beginning in order to raise questions in the mind of the audience. The
audience think about it. When the answer is provided, they listen it very carefully. For example, G !L <
4( C-
L< 4( C- G 4O= &C G L< 4( C-
(The disaster! What is the disaster? And what do you know about that
disaster?). Here the initial words raise questions in mind of the audience. The answer of these questions is
provided in later verses about the details of that disaster i.e. the Day of Judgment.
• A word or phrase expressing a good or bad news is described in the beginning to produce a shock in the
audience. The details are described later on. For example, !! T(C-
:= *K4= +K E !LC2E := L &C (The desire to
compete in wealth has killed you! [You continue this competition] until you reach in graves.) The bad
news are described earlier and then details are mentioned. Similarly in, = 5= h
T ( ' DC . CS= 2C "= kC <= &C E5N(
(O Prophet! We have provided you the countless blessings, so you should pray your Lord and sacrifice.)
Good news are described earlier.
• A word or phrase expressing an amazing fact is described earlier. For example, C ;C = 4( := ( D( 0(N !u
H 0= %L
( 0(6

( "= Cg E_4 KK1= "; DC !!?
( "= E ( # (For producing love in
Quraish, producing their love to travel
[securely due to their relation with Ka’aba] in summer and winter, they should worship their Lord.) Here
the amazing fact for Quraish love for traveling for trade is described. That love was only due to the
protection they enjoyed due to their relationship with Ka’aba. In the society where no trading caravan was
secured from the robbers, Quraish used to travel securely in entire Arab. The robbers did not use to attack
on them due to their relationship with the Holy Ka’aba.
• Sometimes, a word describing something disputed in brought earlier in draw the attention to that issue.
For example, U;W
CzN( n=< = 0 (U
0=&C4 &C (Have you seen that person who forbids a [God’s] slave from
offering prayer?) In later verses, the character of the infidels is described.
• Sometimes, different levels or steps of a process are described in a sequence. First step, then second one,
then third one and so on. For example, in Surat-ul-Qariah the steps of Hereafter i.e. destruction,
assessment and reward are described in a sequence.
• Sometimes, the words or phrases are arranged in the natural sequence of occurrence. For example,
a S= 5 b ( pK L >K B * (Neither the slumber nor the sleep can occur to Him.)

• In a ";1D;K, the subject '<D or the object qS1G is usually brought after the verb. They can be brought
before the verb in order to emphasize on the subject. For example, a 0+ Q (Zaid came). If the sequence is
changed to Q
a 0+, it will mean that “Zaid was the person who came.”
• In a ";1D;K, the subject '<D or the object qS1G is also brought before the verb to produce the sense of
exclusivity. For example, P K "= 1( $
= 5 E0N( K K1= 5 E0N( (Only for You, we worship and only for You, we seek
help). Here the normal sentence was h K"(1$ = 5 K K1= 5 (We worship You and seek help from You) but the
object i.e. You is brought before the verb in order to develop the sense of exclusivity that we worship
only for You and we seek help only from You.
• Sometimes, arguments are described before the conclusion. On the contrary, sometimes, the conclusion is
described at the beginning and then arguments are provided for it.
• Sometimes, a general statement is described as the “headline”. Its details and exceptions are described
later on.
• Sometimes, the sequence of words is changed only to maintain the rhyme of a verse. For example, pK L>K
pSL2;L = CD n< 4z( MC SK1= <K 4= zC H ;C $
( ; ( J(D E:L ... pK S;W
: "(,
E:L ... pK S;K DC (Seize him, then put a hold around
his neck, then take him to the hell, then fasten him with a chain seventy cubits long.) In these verses, the
red words are the verbs producing similar sounds. Other words in these verses are brought before the verb
in order to maintain the acoustics or the similar sounds.
Face the Challenge!

Identify five reasons to omit certain words in Arabic.
Worth Reading
What is the difference between Monotheism and Polytheism? Why the
Polytheism not acceptable in front of God? How to avoid polytheism in
our prayers?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0009-Monotheism.htm

Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify the reasons for and the impact produced by the
sequence of words, phrases or verses. Read the context, if something is not clear.
Analysis J(T<

The verses are arranged in the qC C% .CC-&C } K 4= jQ = >= &C .C F+( } K 4= jQ = CF( +K CzN(
chronological sequence of the events of the
Hereafter. 1) Earth will be shaken. 2) Its = &C h ET4 UMBCT( .g4 >= &C L *K H i(G S= 0 .C G ML $5(6
everything will be explored. 3) It will ' 1= 0 P= DC .:= K C<= &C = "K( n*R= &C ~
K E 4K K = 0 H i(G S= 0 .C
p0 nR 3H E4zC qC C-) G( ' 1= 0 P= G .p0 n="> 3H E4zC qC C-) G(
display the record of people’s deeds. 4)
People will be rewarded according to their
deeds. (99:1-8)
L ;C "= C .4( = -C L ;C "= C G 4O= &C G .4( = -C ( ;C "= C J(D pK F 5C& E5N(
(97:1-3) H = R ? ( &C P= G( a "= > 4( = -C
/
-C 5C& (U . 4 += ( h < 1= t . 4 = W
h C = #
= 5 := C&
9 G UMN( . n=$0K ( $= 1K 9 G UM{(DC . z( h
C 1= DC 4 . = C
(94:1-6) . n=$0K ( $ = 1K
C U ;C > G .U;,
* CzN( 4( E .#= 0 CzN( '( "= U;
(92:1-4) .E# C := 2L "1= UMN( .C)5=jy
y #0 P= G JF 0K !K U; ' T := K $
L 5C& MC SF 0K P 0(U CN( * := C&C
(4:49) n "(DC MC SK;C 0K
(39:66) = K<= CD ! U; ' T
UM&C I
K $

= 0 .pK O E< n G 9 (U .3H F L 3H F gK '2L ( 'b 0=
(104:1-3) pK ;C >= &C !K CG
SL;( < SKG P 0(U UN( .H $
= >K J(C MC $5(6 UMN( .( = 1
(103:1-3) ( = E (T =SW S*
(T =SW
S* 8
( (E

Analysis J(T<

.C;%C G h
T4 h < EO G ., CzN( '( "= U; .
h
T4 h "(k1= 0K
S= $ C .Cyj P= G( h C a "= > 3L >( æC

DC ¢t CD n"(0 = (,0 := C&C .t= DC
(93:1-8) BCDC n (<
.gU CzN( 4( E .g* CzN( ( -C .gt K d ( = E#
G }( 4= jQ .gT G ( E$ .g#= 0 CzN( '( "= U;
= %C .g S- * g4 SK,DL BCDC .g ES G dH 5 .gAC
(91:1-10) gEO P = G _ > = %C .gU+ P= G ` ;C D &C
b ;C G( < !b 1 R( > H i(G S= 0 pa SKK ("R( r
L 0( *&C ' g
(88:1-4) n "G( n45 C;= * !b W ( 5
.MC SLDS= $
= 0 ~( E C;< SL CzN( P 0(U !V ( kC K ; ( 'b 0=
:= K E5&C h
i(CL& PL 0 C& .MC K$
(7 = 0K := gK SK5+ = &C := gK SLC CzN(
(83:1-4) M C SLSK1= G
qL ,
( CzN( .
= ( DL y E$ CzN( .= $ ( AL K SK, Cz{(DC
(77:8-11) = ;C &L H S= 0 jQ .
= %K 'L K CzN( .
= C $( 5K
:( "(1 '(
= C Lz !K U; y #0 P= G !( ( = T( ¬7
= 0 !K U;
(2:105)
(2:222) P 0(kC K I
( 0K V
T( ESE I
( 0K ! U; UMN(
Rule of the Day!

In English, the word “never” is used to negate something with emphasis in past or
future. In Arabic, two words are used for this purpose. The word xT& is used to negate
something in future with emphasis. e.g. xT& 7
_
( R& P= C (I’ll never drink intoxicants).
Whereas the word
§ %( is used to negate something in past with emphasis e.g. § %( !K K0C&4 G
(I’ve never seen him) etc.

Lesson 11B: Political Views of Ibn Khaldun
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study the political views of
No entertainment is so cheap as reading,
the Ibn Khaldun. These excerpts indicate his deep-
rooted study in the area of Political Science. nor any pleasure so lasting.
(G-G M;> PT ) AS- q( K "%

C T < sM& hz ± I$ ";< 0F* MAj h ( ( PG b C HO s' MN
=" * J( 4( S) h( f ;< x :(10+S* P(G TK ( P0( K (T V- GS%
H O4 H 0 PG "D 2 & y GN .1 PG 0( ";< MSS$0 :"N
C;T % gO< O( 5 PG TD hf 4( S) ;< ; I ( 1 <E+S* z{D .hz
Cs;2* M{D .2;G F( ( n%k5 (AS x7 K *K (; n MS20 oN i" hf
1 P(G WL +( 5 1x t
( SG M H "G MO J -( T g"T G ;< 3n O0+ hz 1T
."
( " @
( > ( K , P(G !"D MS20 (T ;< hz qL T OK SK10 4(,K
± J -( T J S 4( S) ;< ¬ . 9( 0+S* ± gKO< 0 :C 3b 4SDSG L T 1 5 G
Jg hz ± "1"k s;1 .!(0 oN L%k5
$( C 0 (0 Q 4 G qK* ;< 3b S% (
± hz K5B#D q( 1Dj PG '1D < 4K ( 0 3S% ' "1"k S- ( PG ( " 1 3S%
Sg @k oN 5 zN .@k
( k ± MS20 (G R& g(FG ± .(;1D
...p 4 < 8 %& 8F,< 0
FK f q F0
Aj PG ¬L% ± L >K B* 5{D ?1 4O& zN :L
;< I(;L zN .F }
K -5 MS20 H i"D ;K Gj }
( -5T ^ MszB0 M& oN nSG
I;- F f M{D %S 'L
( * 'T @k
( Aj Q -T K10 D g(FG PG

. !G r
C 1 *
Deterioration of boundary
( " @
( > Marking limits x7
K *K Feeling of belongingness
to a nation
C T <
It is defeated
$( C 0 Range n%k5 Towns at border 4( S)
Dying out }
( -5 Boldness ( K , Depletion, exhaustion O( 5

P f ;< MC S;$f I ;C C ;D .“P ” gKFG M ."4 ( ± g L5

PG d ( 21T .!(2G
A& P(G p("T J -( T G 1“OOF0” 9= 0 :C 9=& ~4D G& } -C 5
KF"* #T MS;$f :; .“""kk$- ” gKFG M ( #T L "G L hz
oN (T n G :L2;G qF0 :;D :0(0& PG # K F5 :g0 :C ""kk$-T :g(FG oN
.!(t -5T ^ MzB* M&
:g4 G ;< SK; ?" 34SDSG :K( < 5 ( ( 6 q& _1 MBR n0& L5
#. $ PG pQ 4 G oN hz K+,* :L .% j G @ 1 # PG
n"G gSLF5 (4S) h
( ;< 2x ( SL%* ;D .d5j oN :L _f "-0DN
+= ,0 :C 6 K G& 5 1T 8 S P< %& (810+S h;* ± :gO< 5
.t -5T ^ MzB* L
( 1 * G O. h;*
< 3)2 s;- ± (T V- ( $5 ; ± ^ ." ` :C 9k-0 (90+ST :gO< O( 5
(G-G M;> PT ) ¾7RÇ "1"A 4<& v M&
J1"k ( 1 ;< 0F0 .r0. ± V1$ oN P="$ VT G s; pg 4<&
MN n0& qK 4K <& G& ...0
( tj ;< 34O 4( S K ± N M#< bG Sg
¬
H 7R K < Sg 'L "º .q"& 4 <& 1* I ± C M& N ...? K ;( 7* 5
:q"& I ± 10 < M& ;% 5N ... ( S 1 PG H
( $ u"1 ?
( R PG (# S* (5S#> 3 ( ;> ;< SL F0 ´ qj 'C "º Mj
?gG :gD :"D b SG " 1 34S hT q F* D (, ± R ~ ( D
.MSTS;G :C ~ _SgG :K5
(1) Yazdgard, the last king of Persia. (2) The main theme of this passage is that the strength of a nation is dependent
upon their sense of ‘belonging’ or " 1 . When people prefer their national interest as compared to their personal
interests, the nation grows. After some time, the nation stretches itself beyond its capacity. As a result of that, the
sense of belonging depletes. The nation becomes weak and other nations dominate it.

( oN ?( # PG 3( 4. oN 3 PG !(D 1h;fT :C qS* å) '"º

PG !"D J1$ P< P="% 'C $
C .!T S O( 5 oN , ± ( Rj PG I l
5f :G d5* J# /1T " 1 34S $2D (52 qz oN ( k F<
PG gR :C S & KR T qj 'L "º SL4O& (T hz PG =")2 :C -0 .Sl
MN ";2T hz * :1$0 D .0. 1D f ± :"(G G ( , oN :("1 :g(+ F<
;< & qj '",; 5 J( q S j 1 KG PG ( 4 ;< MS5S20 Igz G !G Igz
.:"D gOS PG P
( " 1 F1( 3C M-0 =P2* :C MB 5S#l 3( < MC SK$"D r) '"º G&
u"1 3( 4 :"1 PG pSL-* (T !K0 .
K :"D eL ;L 0 C- ( 2;G PG !"D :g (T
L -L $* :< ( 1D ; V M S $ ;K PG . ;< n "< M "D
F 3( 4# ± ~ ;< MS$0 .kf 1D f C 0. MS$0 ;LºT " 1
...(T MSgS0 ( D-) P$K '"l _ ( S4
2Ë SfT K )(2$0 3, 'g& P(G :g S$(T 4( oN i" I W "D
.;K (T I K g D t -5T MszB0 ì /1T P< J(K0 PG 9K (kC 0
±I ( $. } K -5 M v .;7* K g MS20 "D q"& p * pD
< ( T)(T ; K 1 D .H T ( 1T4& ± Sg 5N I$. , M& ± G 9T '( "º
3 .S P oN :L
S%S P oN ( 0F P(G ¬7#
(1) The word h;f in this lesson means dominance. (2) The author is indicating towards the slave armies developed
by the medieval kings. (3) It is not essential that this process completes in just three generations. It may be longer or
shorter depending upon the mentality of that nation.
Luxurious 3( 4 Sharing glory (joint

thinking)
, ± ( Rj Hardship ?
( #
Sign & dress F 3( 4# Submission ( 52 Luxury
(
Military men 3, 'g& Boundary wall 34S Fruitful I l
Decline K g Their goals :"(G G Extension ( k

h
( ;K L -"-
:(<T N :gKOS :K*" P2K0 # sM& "T % 5j M$5ß ¡J1( "A I a G h K ;f
( % ( ;G1f oN 34 ( <O S1 zN .:(*04t :(*S% '( " è ;< :(5K 1*
P(G "5 S". ( 1"k ± ( ! W PG gL>K B0 !( oN p0 :G ' EG 8.
3S- -G ( 5j I ( -(T < >| !15K0 ./1T ;< :1T M 1 :;L
_gzN ( G h ( v oN OK* Jg (;*-f oN Jf + 9K -C "D .hz ± 0#
.S k-5 oN hz Jf (~S
P< :1T K F 0 :H MC O tSDC :gK£-T q DKT !5 (4 !K E > (G Sg
0# 1"k -(T Sg :";< :. Sg ( + S oN hz '( & PG SK /1T
81D f s; 8kf M& PG .pG% f " 1 P(G hz ± T .:2f K g- h K ;f
oN 0 8kf pS5 !S* ?0R I a G p * Kh;( g ." 1T N :(*
.G 8" 1T N hz PG JR :0 .81D f
d" .g(#< GS% PG ";0 PG ;< Is;* :s2* ;D b " < ' b*G 8" 1

C S1 r
L 10 q SGj J(,0 "< K (1$0 P( -"-. ;< h
K ;K »N " < s'2 h;f
.4S#f ± !-"- h;f Ò1G g .3g% 0 p0 @SD MS2* 4S) J0
SD
( S1 r1T & q SGj ( 0 & 4( S) ( 0( ')G 1T P< !K" < !T 8
= % PD
8" 1 9" ;< ( 1 P< n0& !" < !T =8 % PG ...!-"- :* :C ¬ a %5 h
a ;( G
.!-"- :* ´ ¬%5 h
a ;G n0& SD p :2 !C%SD M 0j ( ;< _
He subjugates K (1$0 Anarchy tSCD Government, dominance h

K ;K
He collects taxes J(,0 Sense of belonging to a group b " < Pride, self-esteem,
disdaining others
( 5j

± :2.T O 5
3b MS2* 3H =") 8 H < PG sBKG L " 1 .( " 1T Sg 5N pG% h
;f M& hz
hT (t ± x1" g" *K ì ";< ËS$* (;D s; >j PG S%& G
'g& ( S- MS2* 5N c2 " 1 h;* ...qK ~ ;< IC; K MS20
8" 1; x$"4 PK E"1"D :";< x :v x$"4 :G a MS20 M& T :"D 04 "T
L >B"D ( 5j ( 2( K ;K> "5 S". ( 1"k PD hz ! P"1* zN .1"º !G I; s;
A ± !sB K ;L >K J,0 :"D :s2 :(<( ± ( 4#f g$K P(G i"
.2.
>T s'2 O$ :. O( 5 PG "$ !"-* G 9G #
±
&
K )L2D K15 KR04 L) C;% h;K '( g& 0BT G = 2;G = s;* zN Gj sM& hz
H * oN MSg0 .!(0+ !(s%4 !(;D( S5 oN !5SK#>K u
( "1 8
( 4t MK+,0 :gK S<
9G MS<F=0 ;" * ± H 04t K S< '( D S h; K "= * :v S & :g( S< ± :;% PG
!"D M>0 hz ± M>0 "5j wL dTf :<kf ± q S j %4 oN hz
:; hz ± :;> J( K0 p(4 _ ( S4 "5j d I"k '( & ± :Gj PG :g
hz PG S;0 M& oN !"D :LD * hz PG : MS20 :2;G 4( % ;< . > oN
.;% PG S< (*S% I ( $(T ;* M& ( ; J( 0
Face the Challenge!

Identify five situations in which a person is called with a
5
but the purpose is different from just calling.
Good horses p(4 Furniture, dress w

K 04 Pride, self-esteem ( 5&
He follows like a child J(K0 Additional, extra '( D( S5 Making a person god,
deification
!sB

( 91* 'G S<

kKT N h;f C ' 0 Gj sM& hz .MS2$ L <( h ( ; 1"A PG sM&
:<# q% ."N J1$ -5 0 ; zN .h;K I; K0 kf
K g P 2C "T G -5 ;D ... "T J("T ( g J1$(
K ,<
MC S2$ C !(;A ± 5Ss;20 S5 J( I(< P< K %& h
;K 'C z{D
4S - MC SK"D dTf P$ J(5 P(G h;K 8 ( C '" * oN S14 .<(
(I<f ;< C M0 "5K q( S BT MS1$0 }0 MS0 p" M, ( 0
PG !5SL4( S0 hz MSsB0 . S<k G wKL "5j :<kf d(T q( S & ± MS-5B0
.V. > Sg pGBT ^ MszB0 M& oN :"D K 0 F0 hz q F0 .:("& PG :g(1T
O S M( K K ± PGj L "g
:q% “.P 0= , pK 0g ” :o1* q% .# ( "= 7
# 9( (A ± I4 !5K ^ sM&
!=Ts0 :C p(( S< <G ± '=g& zN !"N ql _ K %& # “.g S-* g4SK,DL BD”
:K ; :"D # @ ( >& PG .^ !-D PG N =" :º hz ;< .P0T %j
p 0K M& & p(>& oN p0 8 = G& !">&
( G oN !"< 8 = G& PD ./1T ;< /1T M K1
:q% a +(
:;K0 ;1;D s< z ... ,* M{D ~S :( "R( PG :;L
P(G 0& ;< SK% (T L U( K a 2 & !K1DC * /
H 1T ;< :1T M K1D 4 Gj M GBD
( - ( 2(T MS S2G :5{D .J;< K10 & /1T ;< :1T 0 M& sD2 PG :(*
.!($T :. P(G M zN N :L P< Mk;$
Suppressed MS S2G Important people L U( K Decline 91*

1 " 1
± ¡J1( "A :( C ;W sM& hz .p1G ± G & I$(T ( PG MS2* 5N " 1 M&
& :a "t :C0 M& 4j '( g& Ó- z ;< 3L 1K (;W P(G .s'%j ± N #
qL SK0 S OS0 .!";< ( 1 & !(0% :( ; PG b t !($5 ± K ,
( 0 I
0- sM{D .b 2;g :" *K
. S5 KG ( # ± "1"A n <F5 h I( A( 1 PG !L;( 0 G VT !"T

( 5 O* !T 'C r
L "(T n n0% P0Wf VT 'L W Sf I K $ M z{D
TD J# /1T I$ 1K T zN . St gO,(T hz = <D .3b g ;WS
PG n4 D !G 4S#f GjT !($5 ( 3 K ;< 'L ( D b3R G -0 1T J ( SK*K
.!ST !"N _
a S$G Sg PG :H ; PG !($5 ± gS0 J( ( t
d ;* J( Ç !(; ! 'g& ;< H & ' 3L 15 zN ? K ;. y S _ g PG
' nt ng M z{D ...I$ pS PG "$5 & 0% & g(4 ( g PG
.OK $K0 5N M zN .p;% 31 PG (1"A ;< ~S
h;K Jg " 1 "N ,* J( 0 sM&
G% .!";< 9,0 G& ' kf 1D f 0. MS2* (T " 1 M& G% 5j hz
P< :1T K F 0 : + oN H ' ± MS0 "5$56 1"kT V"GO| sM&
I
K ; g .hz ;< !*4% :(* :C N (" 1 h;T :";< xs;KG MS20 M& T D ./1T
! d" aSG W OO Jg 5N Mj ( ;< a + G& Sg h K ;K Sg
.-T :2. Is; SD h;f G& !G2 & ± a % :";<
(1) In medieval kingdoms, the “Sense of Belonging” was based on tribe. Today, it is founded on political party,
religious group, caste, province or some other base.
Check, deterrent + Objection b t Cohesion of a group (
Leadership ( Damaging factor I
( A( 1 Devotion to a group 3L 1K
Rule, leadership OO Oppression, injustice ( g Injustice :a "t

'C "$ ( * O( O$ C *4 e;T z{D %SD G I

;C AC H *4 oN e;T zN " 1 I
K W
MS20 J( ( " 1T N !";< gK4 % :0 .d; _ a S;kG !5j !L0 - Is; oN
!"D 5 MN S 'C "- MN :L . 0&4 ( " 1; b 0 J2;f Is;D .x<SG (T
K1($* s;* 1" PG S%& MS2* H " < PG T D 3O1G 8 a " < %G 8 a *S"T
J(K @ D 9 %C N 1 = 3 " < 5B * "D 8" 1 9 " :K ( ;*
“.}
K 4j 8 ( $ / H 1T :K1T ~ ^
y 9 DC O S” :+
( > oN
>L& H " < '( g& ;< Is; (1kT = ;A (GS% ;< ( " 1 h;T I ; ' zN Å
;< Is; G 3H '2 . n45& n %& S5 =15G & =*BD M{D 2 .< 3"1T
x0& (T
= =1 =; MN .:C1 ± %f :( Gj '( - MC BR GS% (*+S
oj ( 0 PG ;<& :s2 Is; PG b 0 = ;A (*S% oN Is; ± 3S% =*O +
.q 3S% (*S-T L D( 2* ì n O 2g .1T&
";< = S 8( " 1 'g& ( "& PG 95KG v P20 ´ (Gg ± L 4O& M{D
g hz M 4-0 ´ (*S% oN = 5 MN .v 9=& h; 4W g(0 PG Gj ( <F5
$* ("& ± 5 8" 1 'gBT 4( oN ML 4% 5N
± 3 K; 9% Sg ($K h ( ;f MO > h;G hz .gW-G PG P10 G ;< (T
( ;"-;( 'C 0 oN
= ;T zN Ñ& " 1 L 0 Sg h;f sM& -D ...~1 ÈT O
.h M4-f %S !K1$0 G I H $ ;< 3( gT & O( T GN (h;(
(1) Its examples are common in the modern world. Entire Europe is becoming one by combining their " <.
(2) It indicates the psychology of expansion of super powers in the modern world.
(3) Although the Abbasid kings were Arabs but they relied on Turks i.e. Central Asians in order to strengthen their
rule because they overthrew the Arab rule of the Umayyad Dynasty. They did not have enough " < from Arabs. So
they relied on Persians and Turks.
Enemies n %& Leading to J(K Groups 8

a *S"T
Area under control 3+S It is equal to it =*BD Separation, disunity @ D

h;K K ( S<

= ; zN '"- sM& hz I .:( "1 ± '( "- ~ K 5
( qL S h
( ; ( S< PG M&
:(15 ± I l :( 1 ( 'L g&
= 4R p(4 -(T 1 ;< = S I; K/1T (" 1T
.(T 4( ; 4( -(T :H $(T hz ± :1G = Tt :( >
hz P<z& !"D (4#G gG& ( F5 ± & 9K K k0 r"(T 3S- PG ( 5 M{D
:LG :K $* :C .(0 PG !"D MS#K0 (15 PG MSLS$0 (T S- .(0S '"-
± ML S2$ u ( "1 IK > I K $2 :K "1 :(g »N .!(T& h;f ( +G PG JR oN
hz PG 4( )2 dTf J(5 ± h ( ;K I
( g( (T ( >j ( < oN ( '
.hz 9T S* PG !"N S<0 G
w ( 0 PG ' G 4H -(T !"D ( 5B
BL#
* .k$ PG ^ :g* "D MS10 ($ " 1 ? K 1* 3( L5S#> I
K g D
P< MS2$0 .:(* 0 :$5& ( G> P< 9sD PG hz ')G ± :KT-<& :gSKT
:K" < ¬K -L D .n ", :C n-;> hz "= 0 (" 1 ± 04 4SGj (
.} -5T MSK5z( B"D " 1 }
-* M& oN K%( 10 :g1T q( "j ± :K$T

1 } 4 S< M{D .h;f P< n D ( ;< :LD RN MS20 :(15 :(D* 4% ;<
'L "- E %C L " 1
( t-5 zN .Is; (T J( " 1 34S PG a :"1 ± @
( ( S< PG
sM& P"* -D .:g S :K Gj := (kf P<
n D 0. ( 1D f P<
.#0 PG !C2;G J(*0 ^ .h;K
They reject with disdain MS2$0 Satisfied S- Hindrance, reasons

for decline
( S<
Nature n ", They justify MSLS$0 Indulging (in
luxuries)
~
K 5
Breaker a Tax 0 Overcoming 4(
They swallowed them := Expectations qL G Submitting P<z&

h;K K ( S<
O"-5 f M& hz I .:Kg S oN O( "-5 '"-; s qS h;f K S< PG M&
( ; SK(4 D .(5 -D ;< '"O :G :gO"-5 M{D .(*R " 1 3( 4S$ M
.kK ( G-K P< nF< MS20 M& oBD ( 1D f P< F,< PG (1D f P< KF,
<
% ^ sMBT :Kg >& # h;GK oN $ !";< SG :g<O C '" N J(T ± hz = (<
C;>5 P 5N P04 xGS% "D sMN” : S% hz P< F,< ?" C2;G :v I
h(* F,1G PG MS2* (" < K "= !*4% PG _ H T G o1* ^ :K7K0 & “.G S7K0
“.*-D h T4 5& I= gz ” :! S% M" 1 S2*4 S,C :";< F< C .SG 0
0 G 0| !"(-* ( kf G-f P< F( ,1 PG :$5& PG S$5 ( N hz G
xT- & 1
( L-; sqL PG SK(4 G O"-5 ( ;> PG :"D 'C (T hz g("= $* ±
# sM& PG SG !T :g> (T M=06 SG0 :C :5& 9G ;K :G " 1 ( gz
.:v p4E% ^ PG :2(T :$ 0(D 3 ( =04BT S5 P0 2 C -1 M& :v
' ( kf P< F,1 PG :$5& PG SK;( < G ;< n 0S1* F,< hz P< %BD
4 !"(T ^ :K K %1D .!T :gG & G hz PG :"5 !T :g>& "D S1A ( ;> PG :v
M 1 "D KB0 ´ V1T4& G # VT G }4j PG H % ± SKg* :5& Sg
PG SK> P0 '"º y D Jg 3b OS -G !" hz 2 sM& ... n#T Sk> n G SF5
> 'b " !" hz ± B#5 :(" < PG K$D& !T SL-;C 7* 3S- - sqL ( %
J;< à 4% >& " < hz :v 8B#D fT K $0 - 2 j
10 F0F<
.I; kf
(1) Coptic. The inhabitants of Egypt. (2) A nation of present-day Jordan. (3) Jericho, a city in present-day Israel.
(4) The area of Sinai Peninsula.
Victim $0(D Defense ( G-K Submission O( "-5

They did not lodge KB0 ´ They insisted S,C They became happy SK(4

oN K @k0 ?"
;< L
( ;%& <
( qS ( ,T O( 5 PG h;K 1"A 2 zN

:pS PG !K5"T
M ( T 1 VT n#G K , M G .p;L% ( ,T O 5 J(-* 5& :qj
3( S% ( SA ± 3n S& 3( +S. P< _ ( "= ;< Is; ± :K g( 5 x ! :K"1
;< C 2;v MK0 :g(,G T ± 8 S MS"k$0 :g .x1" F1 oN :gGG ((2R
q( SGjT CB .:E<( & PG ` C :" < %C (,T :G K S O 5 zN .p(O$D
.O1 f SK(4 :K0=4 'C #( DC ( F P< SL; 2D :5KO
;< :v Mk;$ PG n& k1 PG :L0 G MS$0 hz ;< :G J(5) '"º J T4K :L
=" "D 8Sf ;< !$5 a & B$0 M& U'%C p S :(S-< ± ,0 (5S1 ( 0.
( " 1 O( $ v ?
( 1 J( G ;< !T '-* S# PG x> ( ± xg hz
.;g& PG ~ ( B _
( gT
;< :K*-5 0F* :gK S< K )L2D .pG%
J-* h
( ; C 1"A M& :å) !S
:L .!(DT pQk< @$0
( K h
K ;( K0 :G -D :7(T :L;>O J0 :(*"k<&
. :$* .p S<
( P< !s; k1 -0 M& oN 3>Bf :("& ± hz OK OF0
:(T MS1%SK"D .< n ," M,0 D ._. ( F ± :(*-5 ( (T :CS;G :kK*
:gQT& !T M0 & :";< !T MB$0 1:G =")2 0& ± G MSK<F( 0 8TS-1
.:(1T I
K W ?K10 :( S & ( G%N P< h :5S1K"D :(O 9 W
(1) The elite class increase their personal revenues by increasing taxes on people and take money from the
government treasury to their personal banks. It results in decline of that nation.
They become lazy SL; 2* He reprimands

%C Ambition
( SA
Intimate, companions n ," He controls `
C Bit (of a horse) i.e.
cavalry
:( (2R

I
K W :(*-5 :*( P< x -G :g£k< 4W ( ±
)L zN n0&
0º .:C;;< ` 0F0 :C;;> $0 :(*"k<& ± 3( O0F oN Mk;$ Sg
1T g4 -G =" "D ~SL2K P(G L ( $0 (T 8= O + MN ¬-* 0F* S;1G g4 -G
(T H s'2 3L O0F "D
= % 8 ( "k<j ;< 0º ( <+ z{D . nOG 3O0F
.8"k<j 3( O0+ 'L % M < i" ( "G. O < ¬-5 :(*-5 3) :(D* PG
O S10 M& oN n1T 4 n) "G. O< ¬ K -L "D h 8"k<j K 0O-G L)2*
K :L10 :L
PG ";< ,0 3S% L -L $* h 0. ? K 1K D O <j s'%& oN 2$1
( T "D ^ MszB0 I 1 '(- PG 00 * Sg PG & qK P(G g4,K0
...!(-";> ;< !K
nBG < 7* zN p5z C < J-* h; C 1"A M& :r) !S
3( 4 ± L O. :L"& TD D0N ; ( S1 MC BR b s;(( b 1"A hz :v 4W n-;>
hK ;K (T M J( 3 S< MS$0 u S K ;L >K I;-0 .<
O( G u"1
ni"#D ni"R < MS7;$0 ....( C- 0 g " _ ( S4 ~ D O S1* ~B 3R P(G
MN >L& H "G ;< n "< OS10 1D f 0. (T 5 J( $ L;>K MS$0
.:v 5
x4 5& I W "70 M&
T K g C%CA zN ± K0 T4
4%& _. ;< K W& MS20 xK :g7"D C5S#l OS1* P(G :(* ;( PG n 1"R
M& p$< PG ( ; ¥ O hz MS20 .?# Sº P(G ( ( # 351G ;<
g( IK TBD @#fT O ± 9C% g .pGBT "D ^ MzB0 %k0
. P(G Ë S
Desert ( C- " Obtaining with

violence
~ D It is removed `
K 0F0
It is separated from MS7;$0 Riding _
( S4 Tax ~SL2K

3". ql ± dD

( M( $5ß n"1"A h;f M ( d21T 3". q( l ± d
K D h; 8G< PG sM&
'WBT # q> PG ( "= 7 q( > oN _%& ML $56 M .p;% ( 1"A PG !"D
PG G& .!"D J( "5 S". S- '% PG p 5N # Mj .;%1 -A !*S% !(*kD
._%& !> l oN SD M$5N Sg r"
q> z{D .M S"; M$5ß W> 5j M$5N Sg r" PG ! 5 5N L "$ h;f
, M& 5z % ."$; If Sg ="l zN h;f "$ I K ( K* J( Jg !"D l
Sg !;20 pOS :(0 D K"= #1 L " 1 Sg -"- !T s-* !";< J(0 'b W& !
." 1 ! 8 P( h;f OSST 3b gR ="l qC > M& P"* -D .“ql ”
:g5SD :Gyj J S P(G H "= ) ; ="l ± MSK$D( 0
± q SGj q( T 1T ( DS p(42f ;< = (1K I ( $ s'2 ' (
SK" K ;(
PG :v !5KOK0 g<
( S%S v V;G. ( ;1 qN ( 10# :( "1* } <j M( SW
( ". :G ( < ( 4 :(T P0 'g& O( -< :(T P P$ H * & '1D
( 5N !"N J< 9G . oN O( "-5 :(N :g("= %S* 0#f Tj PG

V2$; 9t S ; O( "-5 :v S & ± q( :$5& PG P ="1$f
P< J(D, (T& ;< ";< ( "- 8 O1 9 #T P( 0 P=")("$ S2(R
.hz q)G& 1 / ( -5 10l ( 2f 4(
Preserving from
accidents
} <j M( SW Hospitality -( Competition d
K D
Humble attitude q( Taking care of
orphans
s'2 ' Attributes,
characteristics
q( l
Alienation from J(D, Deceit p(42f Errors 8F
Treachery, betrayal 4( Giving q( T Tolerance q(

* P( n S5S20 M& (T Ss- :0 = ; % "$ ( ;L >K pg sM& ;<
hz d" :; :(" 1 I a ( G :"N o1* ^ !K %C > !5& .S1 ;< & :00&
M& hT ;1D :(" 1 8 l I* f I K $
5& h;f .:G n)< :"D K
.:"N !% h;KT :C MszB* ^
8
( GSGf _ ( 2*4 ;< :; HG& P(G h;K } ( -5T ^ MszB* zN hz PG d ( 21T
oN ¾( -5 ± q F* ;K :G ""$ ' K -C KD .%KAL S; ' z q( 5
:g* % ^ M G I H ; ± :";< x"15 MS2" :g S !T q0 :00& PG h;f 7K0 M&
¡D "D S-$D "(DKG 5G& n 0% h ;K5 M& 5=O4& zN” :l PG :00& ± '1 h;f PG
p;% (G x"= ) K ,
( * -T$ :Gyj ± !=1E* hz ³ K ( - “. x"= G* g5GD qS- ";<
.470 #0 G ;70 ^ .p4
:h;fT :v 3b gR MS2* " 1 SL& '- "D d K D( 0 J( q2 q> PG M& :;<
~
( qL F5N ( TK 4( ,
( W& _$ j '( g&

( Rj V. ;1 K N
I
( "; 4,K (10# : G ( G%N ± 1:"N B,; ;1 P( 0; MS. D ....:v+G
( 56 PG :v+G ~ q F5N @>j ( 42G PG TK :00& ± (T L 1f :1( *
.q1 PG Sg
(1) It is the practice of big powers to attract the best human resources to their countries. They create an ethical
environment which attracts the best people around the world. They provide them immigration facilities. As a result
of that, educated professional people with strong ethical values immigrate to these countries and they remain
stronger for a longer time. Strong ethical values and knowledge are the two factors who make a nation, a super
power in the world.
Face the Challenge!

Describe different types of Alif Laam and reasons for using it.
Professional people _$ j '( g& Decreasing, debasing ¾

( -5 Leader n
Attracted towards
them
:"N B,C Criticism on them :";< x"15 Adopting q( 5

P0T " 1
sMj hz . 3( S<O & 3( ESK5K P(G GN P0 L;W& h;K "1 " G1 qC M&
9 .k ;< ( Sgj @ K * ( "( 1(T MS20 5N Is; Is;T 'K 0 5N h ;K
}( 4= jQ J(D G
- C 5C& S= C ” :o1* q% .!(0O ( G%N ± ^ PG H 5S1(T MS20 5N L"B* _ ( S;-
"5 oN '( " '( A ( Sg& oN = < * zN _S;- sM& p “.:= ( T(SL;%L P "= T
U&C G n1"(
^ ;< = ;%& 'C A "5 ( D4 . oN = D 5 zN .
l #D d K DL 'C
( ;2 @ K k(5 9$* Kt1 ML 1 P $ K
K l s'% d K D IgD K ( 8 = *
. L1D h
"0 3S<
.g(O< P(G C 5 J( " 1 3( S% ;< 3b S% (;W& ± 0F* "0 3C S< M&
" 1 '( g& ± K dDL T I
K g * "0 C ( sM& pG% hz ± IK $
C S sMj ¥ JR :v ?-0 ´ :g(G& ± 4 :v 'C z{D .. oN L (S OK ( K*
.!";< MS"($KG :g :g< H $GK _ K S;kf 3b
( "-( :LzL 7* ('AT b 0G :Kt BD :LD1t& S5 MN gS(A :g J( 'L g&
(T y :;1K0 :";< MS;0 'T :G a )& S5 MN :5SG-K0 D .'b W 8 ( S
.pG% sq
( PG :"D
SG "O-T V;$f w K S" 52D .8 S ± 6 4 W _( 1; 9% g
'%g S "O-T n& P0#< G ~4D S H2$1G s' ± n& P "= n1(T
:gS; :gSKGFg V5º PG a & _( 1; ?-0 :;D ?& G 9T4& % S !% G ;<
.:00BT G ;<
Fear ( "-* Weakness qL zL 7* Cooperation K t1

3S%
h
K ;f :v ' zN '"- sM& hz ± I$ .(*S% oN 3n S% (& ± 0F0
M&
.9 Ë Sf PG n0& )2 LT 1 8
= L)2D "GS1 K S 'L K L)
K
:(*S% oN 3n S% :g(O< oN nO< :(T O O+D .!( DC :"1 hz S ± :L"& = "T(4
1 .O ( 1 3)2T i" I
( 1 3( ) I( $T
Ë Sf 9 hi& ' -$* :C ( ± 8( >& J(5) qj 'L "º Igz z{D
;< n "< S5 5N .JR Gj PG :v d" :5j 2;G "* d"B* ± :($5BT
C-* R0 I K g "D
( ST
K '-$0 ´ 'L Wj Igz z{D v n 5S= 1K G (;g&
.3( S- PG ( ;<
3S ( 1 p;L% _1 OK < M .6 ± "(T1 ( ± 9% (T g = (<
± !K(G
K e;T C .2MC CkC% GK P(G KT4( -K0 G & n& V$> L G Dl
.!(D1t& oN OK 1 hz e;T 9 Ë Sf PG y ;l )C2 1 sDST :gSK 5K UDS*
M& O( 1 g ')G K 1K 0 .?H & G 9K $* ± D C C E04( SK< qC + 5 3: 1 MC & :q-0
V;G. º oN nT n%R ( "W ( - ( "5( 4( S) ± :K"(G 8 = < zN n"W MS20
.P "= 1( k Ë Sf h;f 0
S52D :";< @
( 5ß 3MSGB 0& n W> I;kf < PT ~1 ST & :OS1$f q%
oN ! M& :;< JiG PG s'%j O1 g eL G L5D 5N M z VT 4 n& P="
g e;0 ´ ` qj _ ( 1 O1D N :v"& !"D J T(4 ; ' :"1 !( DC (
.:";1 @l ^ .!G n0%
(1) This writing describes the reasons of rise of empires at initial stage. During the initial stage in the life cycle of an
empire, abundance of wealth results in increased population due to excessive birth of children and immigration of
professionals. (2) Two big tribes of Pre-Islamic Arabia. (3) Both of them were Abbasid kings. (4) This indicates how
the kings used to spend the public money on their personal families. Abbas !< ^ Jt4 had three sons. In 200 years,
their progeny grew to 30,000.
Industrial workers P "= 1( k Throne of the king h;f 0 Distant, remote ( "W
( -

4 SAj
( >T ;g& L;>K ( S &y

> 4K SA&
4H SA ' ± (T MS- I$20 .3O,G 8 H ;ê 4H SA& ± '-* M& :;<
q.
( F( 9kT 9a T* ;l Mj >j 4Sk ± ;)G MS20 4Sk hz q S & PG n-;L >K
:4 SA& $> I ± 1* g4 SA& 8 .!"D Sg
PG !(< F5 h( ;f ;< ( " (95K 9( D K I
( ;C ( "KT ( 4K SA :qj 4Sk
( , _
( $ ± !(GS% 3L S& 4( Sk g ± I K W MS2"D .;% ( C $ ( 0&
" 1 -KG Sg hz Mj H J#T :5O O(C 0 .0. 3( +S. P< ( 1D f q( ( 0
.((T 1T qF* :C Jg I K ; (T 9% J(
( g$K; q( K k P< :( h( ;fT :5O O( 5 !GS% ;< O( 4K SA :J(5) 4Sk
J( S z7* q( ( kWT x"(1G 4( Sk g ± I K W MS20 .4#f
( $(5 ± ! V( -K !(*#< !(" < '( g&
( SK5&C
( ,( hz PG 4K )2 .9
.!( ')(T h
( ;f ± VT4
-0 !"N SK ;70 M& :(T-<& ;< :gO0 p(O4 SG P< :g 0 ( Gj P< :1D K0 SD
p5< G ')G :(G :(1D KG PG J5(1K"D p(,G PG J(0 (T !"T 'C g& O(K0 !(T 5 ± Gj
'g& :(1D G ;< :gK£ L M2D I5j SK1DC O Vj sMj .R& & Gj I ( ;A ± MSj
IK C "D <Tj P(G s'%j N :(1D G ;< pgK0 _ 4%j 9D K0 g :(1=BT " 1
.Gj PG n1W
'( " è PG !"N # A K F( = * (G h;f 8 C '( " C < ( ²
( 4K SA :r) 4Sk
( N l '( > ( t ( 0º ± !1 ² L $"D " 1T 4j ( ";7* q
'( "v 1$ 4( Gj ( "1 9( 5 f ( ;D. J(5 ( ""#* "D ( - 8-
.!(;g& ±
1f rT '( - p( S :Gj
( R& PG OSDS 3( +N 1*K
Synthesize
( kW Dictatorship,
totalitarianism
O( Phases 4K SA&
Cutting noses (metaphor
for humiliating)

( SK5&C
( Attacking q( K k Objective ( "K

4( 4ON p(OS } ( < pº q( T :( S & ± !("R !1W ;< 1S 9G g
:()2(R :($TG ± :";< hz & K 0 Hqg s'2 :(*"k<& ± :(D 5N :% +4&
K > 4K Sk g .T4K qK I
K gK 0 L ($K q :(T J(g"KD .( 0F S0 :(* 4R
MC SK5T : 4T MSs;-$G ; 4( SAj pg ± :5j . _W& P(G O( 4( SA&
.:g1T P( @ k MC SKt ( SG :gF1
x; pSL& T (T x15(% g ± I K W MS20 .($K SK-L 4K SA :9T 4Sk
J(-0 ('1(T '( 1 :g4 9K ("D !C;C PG P="t
( ; xs;-KG !(%& ( S;f PG p(45j
(T K T& :5& p(G& O $D :g(";-* P< ( l ± M& 0 % ®(gG P( $ BT :C%K A
.p(,G PG ST
9 ( n;( KG 4( Sk g ± IK W MS20 .0
6 4K SA :dGl 4Sk
SK$ M( >& ( kW !$Û ± !(5kT ;< 2 z( 8 S# '( " ± pS&
.;T( MSL;-( $0 J( 4( SGj 8
( "< :g(";-* (PG ( >
!(; 9( (W !(GS% P(G ( "j 4( 2( x$ ( $KG G MK40 MSK*B0 G MSLD( 10
!(* SR ± :(*"k<& PG C 5& (T p(K P(G x1"KG !(* 5K P< SLzC 70 !";< SK( kC 0
S5 ( nGOg CMSK$ 0K !K L ;C M ( nT7G MS2"D p(- * !(*RG ! : ^
Beautiful women P( G ( > He terrorizes I

K gK 0 Month (moon of
1st of each month)
qH g
They hate each
other
SK( kC 0 Exactly equal (like a
shoe is like other)
'( 1(T '( 1 Weapons r
( 2(R
They fail SLzC 70 He follows J(-0 He competes in
glory
J(g0K
Creatures KT Friends M( >& Reconciliation,
peace
L ($K

gO,* (
L K
:V<S5 ;< MS20 ¾ ( -5 ( v ± 3-$f L 8>& zN 0 T q 3C B#5 sM& :;<
H '2 MS2D :< s; ¬ K U;-0 G< ( "W-T ( ± q<j 3L ($0 MBT GN
hK ;f :v 'L
( $0 !" SG & pK£T& !< !K L( 0 !(T 5 ± -$0 G !(GS- g,
( $0 b O :G
.®( 04T
PG :G I(;0 !T 4)i( ± MS<+0 !";< MSK<4( -0 h;f hz ;< MSK ( O F0 T4
d5jT 0SGyj ( T 9 %C ...p(0 ± G F0 !( W ;< 3H S% 'L D ! MS20
PG gSL4( & nS;G n O
= $-5 q<j ± K*K S5 P0 ?
( ( Sk ± L2;G @D
:5j _
a 3-$f ( VT :"T MS20 K S g .:" SG & :(T % P(G :g1T
5N H_(T 3-$f ( ;< " ± MSK1 k0 :4 ± M-$G
."N q( SWS P< 8F,< "W- P< ; ¬s;-* v 4O&
'0 3H S<T GN '- :Gj P(G gK+,K0 P(G a 4> ;< 70 MBT å) S
pG& 'C
% !(GS% ± n=" H " < H SR IK W MS20 & !"N 5R& ";< ~
.3-$f ;< +( F< PG :v ' (T :$5& !T S % .h;f oN :(T SK$"D
(T 0 M& oN ( kfT 5S4K0 ";< " !(GS- ! P"1"D v PG (T qF5 G
.:;<& o1* !5 ^ .P"0 gG& MSK5F( 0
Do you know? In Medieval kingdoms, all the resources were considered to be owned by the king. They
used to be transferred to the progeny of the king by inheritance. Islam presented a different political ideal.
According to Islam, the matters of government must be run by mutual consultation of all citizens. The
Caliphate of the Prophet
was established on this principle in which every citizen had the
right to share the government resources. In later generations, the Muslims ignored this principle and
adopted the principal of dictatorship. As a result of that, their history is full of mutual fight. On the
contrary, the Western nations adopted the principle of mutual consultation in form of modern democracy
and became super powers in the world.
Making monopoly 4)i( They overcrowd MSK ( O F0 It shrinks ¬

K U;-0
Glory, pride +( F< They fight MSK<4( -0 It becomes worse 'L
( $0

("** ± :( Gyj I
K g G _.
( -5 3L O 4N L;W& .^ g&T L KG ( -";l ± b 1% qF* :C ( ;*-f S5& _ . M& :;<
Mk ( -C D S* h KG C* z{D .!(" < 'L g& G ¯'2 I
K E 1 0 /1T PG # / ( 1T
!< SL;7* # ± ¡J1"A a G& Sg _. ( 5 9(D *K >yj -56 I K ;( k* Kg N
Î K GN bM < GN b$DKG 3b ="C GN :)j ± ( -56 g I K .'b " b G&
.p("* ± J1 h;K; I K GN !(0
.3K #1 3( 4,K '( - VT ,0 G )& :qjD
K _ ( 1 ( -C T P="$ ( "# S :Gjy P(G MS20 G K )C& M 1 Sg :J(5)
:g("= 0BT "D :R1G :( G4 ± :C% +4& SL;1 :5j :KgR& O j M
5N Hh;KG H *K4 PG hz Q 4 "D :v C "KT ._ ( .T pSK5zC !(<G P< :1DC O PG
.:00& ± G ;< ~ ( IK ;C :("K<& I
K 5 :g(
.OºT ( 10# ± $K Sg :r)
.(<k P="1(5 ";< P="4l 9G qK _
K Sg :9T
M >j ML D Ja T _
a (G Mj M :_. PG
H W& L 1T4& pD

.q< OH _ K

a S5 nDSW ? ( FT a S5 :V<S5 ;< :g(OS q& G ( -";l VT ( 1% S _. L W
2T G& .:v"& I ( %L 1* ;< :s; :( ,1 qL % SD ? FT G& . 2(T
2 q% PG R& & ? F q% ._ 'g& PG T _1 qL % SD
SW & -( S$* ES$K*

S !"D IE* *K ? ( F q% sMj hz .
PGj 3# PG !"D d";D 2 qL % G& ...xG% 1 oN :(DS T MS#0 3
!"N MB,;0 nT nD G q- ± :gQ 4 M70 % :5& N .? F q( % ± G =0Fv PG
... 2 ±
Attack and flee (Guerilla warfare) 2 Advancement of
infantry
?
( F Corresponding 3K

xG$%& $1 w
S"º MSK$ ( -0 S5 h
( f ( 1$K O( Sº 3( )2 µ- qC MN :L
:gKOS 8L) C !5& hz I K .!CDSLW K ~H KOL s' ± MC S$ 0K .“d
0(O ” 5S$K0
SLk;> zN n1T :K1T ',0 M& hz < J S ( "W% PG K# ( K 3C )2
'( j :"T "D :(1DL * PG #7K"D _ P 1k :g< 9G K4S < (_. q( ,G ±
./1T :(1T '( ( C2K
P(G x0% 5S*0 H/1 :1T P="D41 MSK 0 x<SKK $1 MSK$ ( -0 S5 h;D
.I
( ;- ± % & MH k; PG s; ($1 d K "(4 .9T4j 8º ± J1"k I ( "*
.6 4W V ~4D 4( >& ± 4a SG Sg “L iC(1 ” I"* g MS$K0
!5S$0 p41(R !(0 4 p( -T xF"KG !DSLK T xOG x2$< h ( ;f 0 P="T MS;1,"D
.“" ” MS$K0 !( ;< h
( ;C ?
( %SG P< V
( " ( " 5 PG > x2$< :L .“GE-K ”
4 PG > n2$< :L .“3C $ " ” MS$0 h q( # ( ( " 5 PG > n2$< :L
“%$ ” !5S$0 2$1
g :C :* z{D .“I;- ” !C%C SG MS$0 9T4j pg VT ( S ± !KTW& h;f ? K -( 0
' VT MGS" S" gK)& 3H "1T D$KG ;< & ( ; H xG ± GN :2K I"*
1T PG ?K F MS20 i"D 3)2 s;- ± ( $1 q pk<& " & G P02$<
.i1 pg
8 Oº P(G :g( 2$< 4
( _
K t (_. ± 2 'g& Ig G PG
MC S2" ( ;*- 8
K !T MS;k0 :gD :g ± ( "7; B,;G 57"D :,1 85 S".
.3R n* :g0F" n0& ? F 'L g& !L;1 0 % .I; oN _
%& _; O&
Refuge B,;G Hardship of a battle ( C2K They were gathered K#

( K
Cavalry ( "l Base camp
( They start fighting K4S <

Lesson 12A: Use of Proper & Common Nouns ="2 ?01
Dear Reader!
Like English, in Arabic, proper and common nouns are
used to express different meanings. You already know that Perform all your good deeds for the
any common noun can be made a proper noun by adding sake of Allah. The good deeds to
an q before it. You have already studied different types of demonstrate your piety to people will
it at Level 4. In this lesson, we shall discuss different uses not be rewarded by Allah.
of it. The detail is as follows:
• J$ q : The q is added to a common noun to make it generalize over the entire group or community,
but it is not essential that the sentence is applicable to each member of that group . It is called J$ q .
For example, 4a SL
~C
a SLi"C !K E5N( !K = G( g<= F 5 E:L n = 4 EG( MC $5(6 % zC &C P= i(C (If We let man taste any mercy from
Us, then withdraw it from him, he becomes despairing, ungrateful.). The word M$5N can be used to
describe an man or woman but the q has made it generalized to include many human beings. The word
M$56 means a group of persons including many man and woman but not necessarily all human beings.
• J% q : The q is added to a common noun to make it generalize over the entire group or
community. For example, n"(1t
ML $5(6 ;( >K (The human being is made weak). Here, the word M$5N can
be used to describe an man or woman but the q has made it generalized to include all human beings. The
word M$56 means entire humanity including each man and woman.
• (< q : The q is added to a common noun when a specific person is under discussion. It is called q
<. It has various forms.
• Usually that noun is described before as a common noun. For example, .n SK4 MC S= < = D( CN( ; 4= &C C
qC SKE ML S= < = D( 1 DC (As We sent a prophet towards the Pharaoh, then the Pharaoh disobeyed the
Prophet). Here, the word qS4 is used to describe an unspecific prophet but the q on this word
used later in the sentence has made it specific i.e. that Prophet (Moses $ 3S; !";<) who was sent
to the Pharaoh. This style is also commonly used in English. First time, the article ‘a or an’ is used
before a noun. Later on, the article ‘the’ is used before it.
• Sometimes, the noun is not previously discussed in a sentence but it is either well-known or
present-at-the-spot. For example O( SK<S=
( S= " (By the Promised Day!). Here the Day of Judgment
is under discussion which is a well-known day. Or := 2L 0(O := 2L C
K ; &C S= " (Today I have perfected
your religion for you). Here q is added before the S0 to describe that specific day when the
Quran’s revelation was perfected.

• If the q is added on the c> in a "= ;K, it will limit that c> to its G only. For example, 4K SL S gK
:K "( E (Only He [Allah] is the forgiver and the eternally merciful).
It is important to know the type of q while translating an Arabic sentence because a mistake in
determining the type of q may lead to serious mistakes in understanding any Arabic text.
Common Nouns 32 :

Common nouns are used for various purposes:
• Basically, a common noun is used to describe any unspecific person or object. For example, P= G( 'b K 4 Q
( 0( % &C (A man came from the other part of the city). Here the word 'b K 4 describes an unspecific
person.
• Sometimes, a common noun is used to describe either plenty or shortage of something. For example,
a G
V
H ( CN( (Plenty for sustenance for a specific period). Here the word G describes plenty of resource. In
a "(R4 'b K 4 := 2L = G( d
"= C&C (Is there not a single rightly-guided person among you?). Here the word '4
describes that there were few people in that group who were rightly guided.
• A common noun is also used to describe either respect or humiliation for a person. For example, G SLC%
'b K 4 UN( Cg (They said, he [this prophet] is nothing except a person). Here the word '4 describes that
they opponents of the Prophet (^T zS15) used to consider him inferior to them. In K &C !( U; P= G( Mb St
= 4(
(Pleasure of Allah is a great thing). Here the word M St4 describes that even a little pleasure of Allah is a
very big thing.
• In order to describe a group of people or things, common nouns are used. For example, H ET O U'L ;C > !K U;
H G P= G( (Allah created every type of moving-animals from water). Here the word H ET O is common noun to
generalize the animals.
• In negative sentences, a common noun is used to make the sense of English words “Not a single”. For
example, H 0(5
H#( T P= G( 5Q G (A bearer of good news or a warner never came to us.)
• Sometimes, common nouns are used to hide the name of a specific person. For example, U'L 9= k( *K
.:H "(T( H E#G +H Eg .V
H ( G
H U (Don’t follow any mean, oath-monger, mischief-making, slanderer). In these

verses, the character of specific opponent leaders of Quraish is described in common nouns but their
names are not mentioned because Allah does not consider that person important enough to mention his
name etc. In human communications, it may be due to fear of that person or some other reason.
Worth Reading
The Report of Transparency International and a Hadith. This article is an
eye-opening writing on the condition of Muslim Ummah.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0004-Transparency.htm

Test Yourself (1)

Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify the type of the noun mentioned in the red color.
Explain the meanings associated to that word. Read the context, if something is not clear.
Analysis :$% J(T<

Every praise is in fact for Allah. J% N q (1:1) V
( C1 _4 !( U;( K =

_
( SK= ( "= C := ( "= ;C <
= 1 5= &C P 0(U ¦
C W
(
(1:7) V E := ( "= ;C <
V
-( EK ; ( xgK !( "(D I
0=4 _
K 2( h
(zC
(2:2)
(2:3) 3E MC SK"(-0K I

( "= T( MC SKG( = 0K P 0(U
@
a = T a <= 4 8
a ;L L !( "(D ( E$ P= G( I
H " C
(2:19)
4K 5=jQ (
= * P= G( (, H E := K C UM&C
= * 8
(2:25)
(2:61) H ( H 1AC C;< (= 5 P= C SKG 0

= T( t
K := KBC G := 2L C UM{(DC n= G( SLk(g=
(2:61) L 2 C$ = L U := ( "= ;C <
C ; > G 0= 0 P "= T ( n C25 g; 1 , DC

(2:65) V -( EK ; ( n C <( S= G
M &C := L K GK B 0 ! U; UMN( !( G( S= -C ( SKG qC C% z N(

(2:67) 3n -C T SKT *

Analysis :$% J(T<

J ( DC h
(zC ( 1= T P= G( := 2L TKSL;%L = $ %C E:L
(2:74) 3n S $ = %C R &C = &C 3( 4 ,( C
3n O K1= G nGE0&C UN( 4K E E$ * P= C SLC%

(2:80)
p( ( 1= T P= G( "= U%C _
2( SKG "= * = -C C
(2:87) ' ( K (T
( @
a GK !( U; ( = <( P= G( _
a ( := gK Q EC
(2:89) : = K 1 G
'C 0(= ( !( ;( K 4K !( (2C (G !( U;( nK < MC C P= G

(2:98) P 0(D( C2; ( ¡K < ! U; UM{(DC qC C2"(G
(3:183) 8
( "(T J(;= %C P= G( 'b K 4K := L Q = %C
(2:204) ( 7
( C&C S gK
}
( 4= jQ J(D ¥ J= R !( "= ;C < C7
= 0 ! U; UMN(
(3:5) ( E$ J(D
y #0 ?
"= C ( 4= jQ J(D := L 4K S 0K (U S gK
(3:6)
(3:19) K =6
( !( U; = <( P 0 UMN(
(3:62)
¬
K -C S K C Cg UMN(

Analysis :$% J(T<

V
"(E C 2C ( L7
( E* M &C := L GK B 0
(3:80) nTT4= &C
:= L Q E:L H 2 ( _ H ( P= G( := 2L K"= * C

!( T( EPKG( = KC := 2L 1 G ( @
a GK qb SK4
(3:81) !K E5K K = C
:= 2L %C + 4 EG( SL;L nR=DC n CSK ( 15=jQ P= G(

(6:142) M ( Ck"= E# 8
( SkL >K SK1(E* !K U;
(6:147) V
G( ( ,
= K ( S= -C P= < !K K B T O 0K
P 0(( E$ P= G( P= 2L 0 := C d
"(;T=N( UN( K,
$
DC
(7:11)
!( U; C 1= C := ( "= ;C < UM&C := gK £K F h i(C= &L
"(D P 0((> .V 1( = &C ~ ( E ( 2C (
MC KC = 0K := gK _ K C1 := K = < ?
K U7 0K
(3:87-88)
a C< := K C h
pa SKK /"= * S= 0 .:a "(< _ i(C= &L
:= K gK SKK 8= EOS = P 0(U EGBCDC pa SKK OS $ = *
T( _
C1 SL%LDC := 2L 5(µN( 1= T := *K= C C &C
(3:105-106) M C KL 2 * := K= L
Rule of the Day! The word sg is used is used with 4G '1D to urge to do
something. It is called /0
. If it is used with JtG '1D, it
expresses regret. It is called ¤
e.g. ( 0( K oN pSL2#* sg (You
should complain to the manager?), ( 0(
K oN !K *SC2R sg (You should have
complained to the manager).
Similarly GS S s& & are also used for the same purpose.

Forms of Proper Nouns

• :C;1 : : It is the name of a person. The objective is to pinpoint that person. For example ! CN( h
CN( K K1= 5
MC SK;( $
= GK !K C PK
= 5 n( nCN(
= N( 'C "(<Ù : "(g T=N( h
(T (We worship your God and the God of your
fathers Abraham, Ishmael and Isaac, Who is the Only God and we are submitters to Him). Sometimes, the
names are also mentioned to describe the respect or the disgrace of a person.
• : : The pronouns are used instead of the name of a person. We have discussed that in detail in
previous levels.
• qSWS : : These nouns are also used to point out a thing or person. They are also used for various
meanings:
• To describe the reason for something. For example, 8
K E := K C
= 5C 8
( (E SL;( < SKG P0(U UMN(
n FK 5K ~
( = O = ( (Verily, those who believed and did good deeds, they will be entertained in the
gardens of paradise). Here, the word P0 describes the reasons for entertaining the pious people in
the Paradise.
• To describe the respect or disgrace for someone. For example, H J
= R 'L 8 K SL2;C G p( ( "T( (U MC = $
K DC
(Glorious is the One in Whose hand, there is the control of everything). Here, the word
describes the respect for Allah. For example, P
( = E M( KO P= G( := L K K 0 := 2L C a K S gK (U Cg P= EG&C
(What is this that can become your force to help you besides Allah?). Here, the word
describes the disgrace for any force in front of Allah.
• To describe the greatness or danger of something. For example, :" P= G( := K "#
( DC p( O( SK,
K T( ML S= < = D( := K 1 *=BCDC
:= K "#
( C G (The Pharaoh followed them with his army [and entered into the sea], then that which
overwhelmed them, covered them up). Here, the word G describes the overwhelming force of the
water which covered the entire army of the Pharaoh.
• ( DC ( 1= (
a GK : A noun belongs to a proper noun in described in form of a ±tN IG in order to

describe the relationship of both. It has various other purposes:
• To describe the respect of disgrace for any of both nouns. For example, : = 2L "= ;C < !( U; _
( (Allah’s
law imposed on you). Here, ‘the law’ is associated with Allah in order to describe its worth.
Another example is, M ( Ck"= E# 8
( SkL >K SK1(E* (Don’t follow the foot steps of Satan). Here, the
relationship of footsteps with the Satan describe the disgrace of the way of Satan.
• To describe that the number of
G is abundant and uncountable or there is no need to count their
number. For example, } ( 4= jQ ( E$ P= G( 8
H C T := ( "= ;C <
= C C =S-C E* SKG -L 'C g= &C UM&C S= C (Had the
people of these towns believed and become careful, We had opened the doors of blessings from the
heaven and the earth). Here, the ‘the people’ are associated with the towns because their number is
not essential to count.

• 34R6 : : The pointing nouns are used to point out a thing or person. They are also used for various
meanings:
• To point out something amazing. For example, Prophet Zachariah $ 3S; !";< said: :K 0= G 0 qC C%
Cg h
( C E5&C (O Marry! From where “this” has come to you?). Here, the word g points out the
amazing divine fruits.
• To describe the respect or disgrace of a person or thing. For example !( "(D I
0=4 _
K 2( h
(zC (That
is the great book, there is no doubt in it). The word hz carries the sense of “great”. Or Cg G
V
%( O( W := KL M N( K <= S (When this promise will be fulfilled, if you are true?). When the Prophet ;W
:; !";< ^ , warned them about the punishment of God, the transgressors used the word g to
ridicule that punishment.
• Sometimes, the pointed out item is not physically present. The pointing nouns are used to pinpoint
an item or a person in the mind of the audience. For example, 8
a DL _
a < Cg P( 0=
=
G (U S gK

a &L `
a ; G( Cg (He is the One Who has joined two waters. This is sweet & fresh and this is bitter &
saline.) Two waters under discussion are not physically present but they are in the mind of the
speaker and the audience.
Rule of the Day

In order to express amazement (or even regretful amazement), certain phrases are
used. They are at the structure of !( T( '
1( D & C'1 D & G. For example, C -C 0(
'C = & G
(How much beautiful the garden is!!!). In the Quran, 4( E C;< := gK W
= &C DC (How
much steadfast they are on the Hellfire!!!), 9
= ( = &C !( T( = ( T=&C (How nice He observes
and how nice He listens!!!)
Face the Challenge!

Identify 10 factors to be considered in arranging
words properly.
Worth Reading
Wealth is a great blessing of God but it also creates some problems. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0008-Wealth.htm

Test Yourself (2)

Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify the type of the noun. Explain the meanings
associated to that word. Read the context, if something is not clear.
Analysis :$% J(T<

hz describes the respect for paradise
and its priority over the hell.
34RN (37:62) ( S%EF 3L ,
R = &C n FK 5K a "= > h
(zC &C
MC SL2"( p( ( = < C;< MC C%= L qC EF5 (U 4 *

(25:1) n0(5 V ( C1; (
UM 2C KC 8
( (E SL;( < SKG P0(U
(29:7) : = ( *(Ci" := K = <
:= KL P 0(U J(C RK P 0= &C qL SL-"DC := ( 0(O0K S= 0
(28:62) M C SK<K F= *
C
"= C 0 "5 3C "
MC K0(0K P0(U qC C%
(28:79) M L K4C% J *(L& G 'C ) G(
nKFgK UN( h
5L7
( E0 M N( KC C P 0(U 4 CzN(
(21:36) : = 2L ( K L 0 (U Cg &C
!( T( h
"(* 5&C _
( 2( P= G( :a ; <( pK = (< (U qC C%
(27:40) h DL = AC h "= CN( E*= 0 M &C 'C = %C
G UN( 8
( Ci"E$ SL;( < P 0(U F, = 0K CD
(28:29) M C SL; 1= 0 SK5C
(21:36) MC KD( C := gK P( = E ( ( T( := gK
0=S C C := gK 0=S &C 0=S &C P 0(U ( Kg ET4
(28:63) M C KK1= 0 5E0N( SK5C G h "= CN( 5&E*

Analysis :$% J(T<

y F := K C h
i(C= BLDC n(W 'C ( < P G P= G
(34:37) SL;( < T( ? ( 1=
h
i(C= &L ( 2C 0=jQ _
K W = &C ¦
H SL K S= %C KOSKC
E DC 'C K _ UC UN( '§ L M N( ._ K F = jQ
G 3n ( n
"= W UN( ( Kg K L 0 G ._ ( C-<(
(38:13-15) @ H SDC P= G( C
( U Cg &C nKFgK UN( h

5L7
( E0 M N( = C&4 CzN(Q
(25:41) n SK4 !K U; r C 1 T
:K "( E FK 0(F1 3( O E# I
( "= K:(< h
(zC
(32:6)
J(D ; 1 : "(g T=N( n SK5 ; 4= C& = -C C

(57:26) _ 2( 3C ESK ( (E04zL
n ( nGW
= &C L 7
( E*&C 4 + !( "(TjQ :K "(g T=N( qC C% z N(
(6:74) V H (GK qH t J(D h G S= %C 4&C J5N(
:= L £K (T= 4( E '( "= U;(T := 2L GK G !( *(0 P= G(
MC SK1 $= 0 H S= -C ( 8
H 0| h (zC J(D UMN( !( ;( = DC P= G(
(30:23)
(30:30) :K "-C PK 0 h

(zC
!K $
= &C MC SK1(E"DC qC S= -C MC SK1( =$0 P 0(U
SL= &L := gK h i(C= &L !K U; := gK g P 0(U h i(C= &L
(39:18) _ ( jQ

Analysis :$% J(T<

!( ;( = %C P= G(
= ;C > = %C qb SK4 UN( a E GK G
C;< := K= ;C -C 5= 'C (%L = &C 8
G P=0{(DC &C 'L K
(3:144) : = 2L T(C-<= &C
3( >( |(T "5= 3C "
= R= P 0(U h
i(C= &L
MC K K0 := gK _ K C1 := K = < ?
K U7
K0 CD
(2:86)
:= K 5SK( 7
= 0K 8
K SLUk := gK £K "(= &C KC C P 0(U
(2:257) 8 ( ;L CN( 4( S P= G(
!K LG !K = < &C G .EI* I
H C J(T&C 0 = E*
.I H C 8
Cz n45 C;= " .I $ C G
P= G( 'b = g( "( J(D .I ( kC C CE !K *K&C G=
(111:1-5) H$ G
P= G(
S gK H E
GK C;< qC F5K (T SKG
(47:2) : = ( T4
(93:11)

DC h
T4 ( 1= (T( EG&C
8
( SLUk '( "( J(D MC SL;*(C-0K KC C P 0(U
M( Ck"= E# "= C UMN( M( Ck"= E# Q "(= &C SL;*(C-DC
(4:76) n"(1t MC C
: ( 4 P= G UN( !( U; ( G= &C P= G( S= " :W
( <
(11:43)
~
K S( = S 0K (U .~
( E7
~
( S= S R P= G(
(114:4-5) ~ ( E 4( KW K J(D

Lesson 12B: Views of Muslim Philosophers on Ethics
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study some excellent
The most successful people are those
philosophical works of the ancient Muslim scholars on
ethics and the philosophy of ethics. who are good at plan B.
(104 J(5Wj I 4) 'b 1D b i"g K ;l

L;7
K P2 K =E _K# _=# :vS- ;7 SD 'Wj ± L;l L G&
.( T 4K 4( S K q2Rj 8 ( i" ± ;7 3=" T ( 4 S- ± q-0
ML $56 (T =" 0 J( $2K ( ; x= '1,0 34* .( 0F0 3S-L ; 3n 4* ;K7 '(1K
MH S" s' ¬> v !( FG 3( . IT a ";> Sg P JR MKO ni"R '10 M& n-";>
.I;1); 2f I54Ç P=, K Ç ( <,# !(-;> '( W& ± ;7(T
('G S# 'G Sv 0S2$G) "1"A $" @
K >j
S b "1"A $" 1=BT @>j M{D MTSK$2G & M"1"A '7 OK Sº 'g :hS% G&
.b "%
= 5 zN ( +N (;-5 ± 1CA ( W{T 5G& g,C< C h 5
x & M{D } ( 4j ± M( (4 '-) F=(T 4( ± 3( t6 3( 4 . ( F=T( 52
( SK$T( 5{D Ï b "1"A P2* ´ MN Ï 5N : qS-5 2 C;-C 5 +N 9k pg 0
.d P(G 34S +N 1 ( TS1W ± 1"k P(G b 0% =" * $(T & 3( O1
'% GBD H0K4 T a 'b 1D < nT& 4K ( 0 d
( ; i"g "= * M& 1T N n-;> "$K5 $
.!K T&O hz M zN N O S 'b "7T Mb D :q-0 n-;> $K* D hz
OES1 0K _O 0K !2 !("1T ;> qS% SÕ ! ¾> F(T n1$G MS20 -D L R 'k GBD
OS '1 hz Ï nT& Ï < 4 0 v H i"g !($ 3n 4SW "= ;"º q1Dj
oN O 1 hz PG 'C -0 M& oN 0Oj 0jT ® K (1"D !("1T }G qS- n1$G MS20
.}f hz '-0 ` 0 M& oN ( Ff '( 0T pt
Two exceeded in weight M( (4 Developed by effort MTSK$2G Natural M"1"A

(S;1 " & Ë F) t0 0kT ( "= "; @>j qS%

d ( "F(T qC R C t0 3C g, 'C -C ) !";< L k
= ; PG / 1T sM& :;<
sM& :<FD .!(;>O r ( K> !( -5 p(4S - hz MC S20 MBT !$5 ` = $* :;D @>j I ( 0*
:P0GBT !"D sq "* k M{D .g=""* 4S K0 @
>j
4-0 3g L -;(7D .( g 3L 4SW Sg ;7 M& PA 3L 4SW Sg ;K7 sM& :Kg &
=" % !$5 '1,0 M& 4K ( -0 'L 0Sk 0SA !$5 '1,0 M& 4-0 K "= -D .g("= "* ;<
. , g ,0 PK A ` K - h2D .!(*4SW V$* ;< 4-0 ` K "-
3( g, q( SkT hz TE % I 3C S# 9K -0 ;K7 PK $K S% :5& :J(5)
9K ""* !T !L(RD ,JG( O| P< 9k-0 s% !5{D .9( k
( F -KG PG hz M& D(<
.pOS qL G hz ;1 Ú ( S. oN I
( ;- 8 9K k% Sg _ S;kf sM{D .3H D ( "= T MH G+
q% C .80OB °< Sf 0WS
( ;Ck ="" '-K* @>j ( 5 S :qS-D
=""* JGO| ± g 2K0 ?" ...“.:2%>& SK$ ::; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4
oN 'j p( R P(G I
K ;2 d5j oN w
( " P(G +( 'L -C K0 zN .P2KG ( " ;K>
=""* hz ' .O( "-5 ( $ oN ( , P(G ~ (";7 ( $G6 _ ( OB
.@>Ç
!";< 4= -5 ´ a& v -0 ";2T Kg % 1% 5O4& S 3S# I
K h2D
4W .hT 5(G&L % !";< 54% (3g, ( t0T KgO SC% 5O4& S .W&
.o1* ^ oN (SW (*,5 I
K hz
Mildness ( $ Refinements,
disciplining
80OB Being without work L k
Practice, struggle 3( gÛ (t04 Eagle, falcon +( It became heavy 'C -C )
Instincts 8
K U(º
( Being desolate w
( " We experienced TE
Slow L i"(kT Uncontrollable
desire

( , Enjoyments Ú
( S.

:M D> .qS- L i"(kT 1T qS- L 10 K1T .b ;ê 8

K U(º
( :15
2 I 3( S# 3C S% sM{D .O( SS 3G O( G s;º 'W& ± 3( F0 3L S% :Kg &
. xOS K %& 5{D 3S# 3S%
( " ;< g <& xG& 1 W& P2 (M$56 ± 3OSSG
3S% ! ;7K0 hz 1T 3S# ! ;7K0 .. :L .I K ! ;7K* 3( k NG ± J( zN
.F""
x$K !(5S O( -<T ! <k p-(T '1 3( )2T sB0 % ;L 7
K sM& :J(5) I$
:I
H * G 9T4& ;< !"D ~ K .x"tG
k( DL J-T 'T .`"- '"º '( A . P="T F"K0 'U ML $56 Sg :oj
qS- 9K 0 D .8 ; ( *(T x0& !K*SR := ($* :C 8 O-< 9" P< x"> !";<
.. . (
( 1;
!(;< Q S ! P0+ 'T .ç 'C 1 OS10 :C !2 ` ( "- `
L%
< % MS20 M& :"5)
± p"= -* : ;( <K P2 .!";< 3S# ( " !(0&4 _ ( SW P< t <N !( *( S# xO"-5 pA1D
!($5 ± 4 G 9K ;C% !";< zN !";< L "S
( <* % zN .qj PG I K 1 W& pKGBD .!(;<
...O( $; O( "< 3( ) P(G &
.";< T* '" 5& $$f S 5& "- @
( >j ± -10 M& :))
.q _& ? ( <K hz .4( ;< N ! W K0 !K,C1G 9K (* O20 D
3( ) ± C ;" 0 .!T '( 1 ;< !("T(* ( ( & ;< !(i#5 9G MS20 M& :1T
...I* f I K 1 W& Sg g .p4% 9K DC 0 hz M& P0 !T Jg0K ~
( S ( #
9T .a D qb t 'b g r
L ) .qt 'b g JK 5() .-D 'b g g PG qj
.a 0R a D sqt 'b g
Rare 4( It did not complete := ($* :C Instinct, nature 3( F0

3L S# !< 9K k( -* D " O G JGO| sMN ::LS% Sg !T Ss >| q"l G&
PG O S - M& S (k 9 %C
b ; D .@>j pg "5 I I K
Jg .3H = -(;>K 3C S# M{D !8"g .g(SG ";2T 8 pg 9K C% 3( g,
(%S 3L SR = 1k-5 S .ML $56 h ;C C ( 1k 3L SR
= 1k-5 S;D .( s;º ± b 04t
.h;C !2L ;( 0 G !($5 P< M$56 9( D0 :C ";2T I K 1 5 S .'L $ 9k-5
hz !L;( 0 3( S# oN !;WS 0K q( I G -"D 3S# 'L W& J -( T G
q( < oN gO4 _S;kf 'T ";2T hz L AC GN _ K S;kf d" .q ( $GN ;<
P< S;70 MBT hz .( ". PK $K (I ( W ± _S;kf . ( 0 ¦
( D6 VT b Sg
....'( -1; xO-KG !*S% 9G 0S% !$5 ± MC S20 M& ;LºT .1" P=,
P< 4( S
I
OD .“°" P0% ” ' -0 :C .“~
( E P= < V
D( 1 °
C "= V
( ( C2 ” :o1* q%
Sg 'L -1 MS20 'T .!K;0 'C -1 G a K -0 r L "(T q < oN 3C S#
...";K Q 7$ sM& .P="DC k MO @ ( >j ± S Sg _S;kf sM& ;< q K 0
SL-C 5C& CzN( P 0(U ” :q-D !";< o1* ^ Ò& % .( "= (- ( 0 JCDA VT b Sg x<R
h -( K<K CN( n CSL;= G 0 ' 1 ,
= * ” :o1* q% “.nG S%C h (zC P "= T MC C KK- 0 := C SLD( $
= 0K := C
q% .O( Sº p( # MO qL < ( 1k 3( SR ± _ K S;kf h“. ($= U'L k $ K = *
“.V
D( ( $
= K I
( 0K !K E5N( SLD( $
= *K SKT R= SL;L ” :o1* ^
Excessive desire to eat p( # Obedient, guided xO-G Recklessness 4( S

Lack of desire, stagnancy O( Sº Miserliness ( "= (- Cowardice P=,


(S;1 " & Ë F) ( oN gOS< 8G< _S;- }

( G& 8
K G<
!;1D !";< 4 s10 M& !tG 5N !T ¾> 'H 1 (;>K M <& PG S< ' sM& :;<
4s10 M& " } K D ._
( kt PG S5 9G !G 4 0 & n W& !G 4 0 ! ;K>
!L;1D !";< 4s10 M& I( ;- }
K G h 4K T6 ";< 4s10 M& V1 } K G Kuk ";<
zL ; !K*O< o1* ^ I L D1 L 2. :K ;1 Sg !(;j ;K> !T ¾l
.!";< <j 8( S# 9",(T L 51 .p S 3H SR ' ;< hz pK4)0N p(T
I;- 3L D .3b D SH < s' JD “.M( KK1= "( UN( d
5(6 EP, K - ;C > G ” :o1* ^ q%
(
3( S-T < F"0 :C !5{D (:( P< (T F"0 G JGOæ J( d L W> .D1f 2.
.!";< Jg G ;< ( "Rj D1(T 'T g=" & 4( T6 ( %S 'j ;<
H JR U'
< S;D . "R& C;1 ' F< ^ Sg <7KG gSKG "Rj 'L W&
.!E & o1* ^ Q
< PD . (D1f L G< .ni"R
= 10 ´ !5B2D 'F< ^
( 10 ´
M N( ' %L ” :o1* ^ q% .8TS PG g=" "5 !";< 0 M& L G<
MC S= #
7 = * 3b 4 ,*( gSKKD % qb SG= &C := 2L *K
#
( < := 2L K += &C := 2L 5K S>= N( := L £K T=&C := L£K T MC C
J *(B 0 E SK ET DC !( ;( "( J(D OH ( !( (SK4 !( U; P= G( := 2L "= CN( EI &C 5S= t = * PK ( $G gO $C
“.p( ( G= BCT( !K U;
P(G "N I & P="k 4W H31G ' M& ./
a 0G !K;-D (^ PG !"N I & JR p< PD
(T }
( 8
K G< pD .b 0G JD Fl P< K*SR = k- & ( F( K7
K
...^ R G N b 0G ; _
S;- sM&
1K0
:K,(1K0 J( ( s;1 ± L 0 M& SD ,C1 1T oN gOS< K8G< G&
q( q( T( !K< 5N ' F< ^ P< (1K h;K SD '7K Q O ®(1K0 M M{D
... O x0& 0 MS2"D x4KG !T K "= 0 oN qC qL L 0 % !2 .!(%5N
Clay P="k Sexual desire
( %S Enjoyment zL ;


( ;< qL 4W M {D .q( ;< ( SK ± O(FD ('7 L;>K h";& < C& $f
g("= $1* q( 1Dj ( "= $"T h(-;K> ;< q ( $* h$5 I = %( * q F* D .( $G6 ;< Sf
=" 0 'T !($GN oN !(T oN '"* D .qf oN 8 ( P< h(;% L %< 9k-*
< ` = 0 HKG ( . !(T & H KG ( ( !C$GN N !"D I = ;k* D <
.W> -f g P< x"; ^ *& -D h 4 W I;% '2D $G6 ;< q
"5T s;10 (G H J#T b %< ! MS20 @>j P< x"; MS20 M& I,0
...(T& oN %S#G "N H ;G G ( (1 L 1k-G "5 P< d
K 'L
( **
PG & (1# P(G @O& Sg 'T (}S ( 0 ± P( "= Dk VT J-"-. L S M C
¦ g ')G ;< + "5 ± :"-$f ¦ ( g ;< S PG M& D .?"$
( & oN '"0 S J(<& :"-$f ¦ P< '"G P< K 1 h0 G s'% .3>| ±
...!"N qC G I
( 5ºT -s;1G !K;% MS2"D P="5º
(S;1 " & Ë F) ;K7 P( $K qL
T 'T 7 : ?
( 5j MOK P( "= "1 P$KT( :0 n-;kG 3g 34S P$ sM&
(1" ± P$. PG T HM4& L 1T4& PA ± h2D .g P$ :" 9( "º P$ P(G
.;l PK $ ' =* = < 1T4j M4j 8S z{D .;K7 P$ :0 ì
.) S- p(g VT q( 1 3S% 3S# 3L S% I ( 3S% :;1 3L S% Sg
@
( VT @ K 4O (T '$0 rL "(T "= * M& ± K W K$KD ::;1 3S% G&
.q1Dj ± `"- '"º VT 8 O-< ± 'A . VT (q S%j ± _ ( 2
...( $. @>j ~( &4 2. ( 2. 3L C G ' 3S- pg
= ;W z{D
Uncertainty }
( S Relations, connections ( (1 Hard & diligent work ( SK
They become proportional
= * Desiring %S#G Watch! I
= %( *

.L 2. !"(-* G ;< LA$5 Kt-5 "= 0 M& ± $KD :I

( 3L S% G&
'-1 3( 4RN J(<& (2. 3( 4RN * MC S2* M& ± W K$ :3L S# h
.
( #
qL )G !)G 'L -1D .( # '-1 3( 4RN * I
( 3( S# L t SD :q( 1 3S% G&
.'( -1 3( 4R6 J(K ( q)G L)G 34L- Jg q( 1 3S% .( "= # ` ( W
_ O0 M& oN 0 !5{D (" I ( ; q)G !L)G .3L 4R6 !"D K ( * Sg I
K
3S# .d ( 3( SR M( ,"g I
( $(T (34R6 I$(T !s%S* !L MS20
MS20 34* TOG xtG MS20 3n 4* !5{D ." I ( ;A ± IK0 ~ ( q)G L)G
.x S(
MC O 1T !"D qC < PG .n-;kG ;K7 PK $ SD
= < q l pg !"D 8
= S PD
!( ( ( F& /1T P($K0 W> 1 hz oN ( Dt6T ;l PK $ SD /1
./
H 1T MKO
!< 10 L < 3S# 3( S% P$ ( <,K#T !< K 1K0 L < ( " 3S- PK $
oN = G MN .“ x4S*” $K* 3( O0F
( A oN q < P ” $* M( - ?1K
;" Sg L S Sg OS .“ OS” $* M - oN G MN “gR”
a t
( ! 'T M -5 3O0+ nDA ! d";D 8D zN qL 1 .M( GSGG M( ;0z4 M( Dk
.“4Sº ” Sg 'T-G
$0 “3FT )>” 3( } j ± q1 < CA DN $"D L 2. G&
LSW& @>j 8G& Mz{D .“2. ” :T ¬70 Sg S .“;T” k0*
.q1 L 1 L <,# 2. :b 1T4&
.04"> q1Dj 9" ± Bkl PG _
S 4K0 (T d; ( 2.T J(15

-G ;< ;* 3S# I ~

K SK$* (T 3S% d
( ; C q1T J(15
.g-G I$ ;< }
( -5 q( ± Ck* 2.
.(G, N (G %N ± '( -1; 3b O -KG I 3( S% MS ( <,#T J(15
.
( # '( -1 I
( 0OBT 3S# 3( S% _
OB* ( (1T J(15
.s; ;"º @>j 4K ( * 1T4j qSWj pg q( < P(D

P C TWN & C g- (Pg 3C OSK ="T P $ ' 0 '-1 3( S% (q < P(G zN
l 2f 3FTº 4K * (A DN P(G .~S 8 ( D 0> q<j ( % Psk
± T, L s;%( 34T J(<& .MSº . 34 !; 4K ( 0 (k0* P(G .g
( . VT @ K .H JR MO JR ± x ML $56 MS20 -D .'"7 ( G 9G 4( SGyj
± b "W b 04 ! MS2* D .a D 0k !LS; P2 ` a "W pKOS -G = j M& (MSº
'L W& MS2"D .4 70 M& J0 G 40 !5{D ML S, G& .} oN 'WS ( 0k ( S;
. xD p4)0N p(4">
:;( qL d
( K $ L G# 3, K 2 !K G 4 "D <,# K ;> G&
Sg LA DN G& .3b OSG @ a >& Jg L)G& OOS 4K %S ° ( " :K 8)
!G 4( "D Lk0* G& .IK,1K 2 L A# K ? K ; !G 4 "D .“4S ”
.I S . q( K * P< }-5 d K (W L $7 K F , s L 5
Lavishness
K He confuses 40 Reliability C g-
Being enraged L A# Relieving others 3, Realization Psk
Self conceit IK,1K Generosity, magnanimity L G# Cunning attitude 3FTº
Restlessness, anxiety
K F , Love & affection OOS Slyness g
Meanness L $7 Boasting ?
K ; Stupidity !;

Dk; 4S <- G$K c ". 7$ !G 4K "D s1( K ;> G&
¾. !G 'L K "D ( 0 & ¦ D6 oN L;"G G& .9k s;%(
3<$
$. ; r1 L 5, 2 0 ="- 0 rl %S p#
.hz - 4K - ( "Ç 's *#
JK %( .q1 1 <,# 2. Jg :1T4j ' pg @>j PG 8 K GBD
~
K .:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 N 9T4j pg ± q < qC e ;0 :C .K<D
o1* ^ P(G I a 0% SD @>j pg ± !G _ K %C PG s'2D .!G 1K _L- ± MSK*( G p1T
....:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 PG !(TL% 4( -T
.O( 1 O( VT P(G 7K0 M& g(O tBT ?
* s; @>j pg P< Eh5 PG
...( 1 K V
( 1; Mk"# PG _
K %C % !5{D
.( 2. KG '( -1 3L C Sg .V-" 3L S% SKg H_"*4 ( "= PG !(ST ^T ML =06D
Jg (dT 3g, 3( S# 3S% ( t oN 9K ( 0 .7$ SKg q( T 3g,K
^ ? W
-D q < '-1 ¦ ( R ;< I 3( S% q1 oN 9(* J( .<,#
( = ; x1tSG 3#; sM& oN 3n 4RN “:= K "= T y 4K 4( U2L C;< y ER( &C” :q-D C T o1*
( ;l 1G M"T D .qH '2T ( = ± qH '2T 3# ± qL 2 d";D .x1tSG
.!(<D !* C !54& M"T !L% !$K
Indulgence in sensual
pleasure
r1 Helping each other 3<$G Generosity 7$
Flattery ; Grace with humorous
attitude

Forgiveness, tolerance G$KG
Malicious satisfaction on
other’s grief
*# Shamelessness %S Contentment, self-
satisfaction
<-
Doubt _
H "*4 Violation 2 Devoutness, God’s fear 4S
Brazen, impudent L 5, Kindness, friendliness Dk;

(0 -1 !T4 < PT ) qO1 G6 W

M& P$. Á& PT P( $. oN Dl ËK C !< ^ Jt4 F0F1 < PT K < I
:^ !( 4 PK $. !"N I2D .qO1 G6 ( T !"N I
20
s' W H ' = %C H'G s' S% qC O1 G6 '1 ^ sM& !VGf ="G& 0 :;<
.
S;G ' F( G S;G ' C C 5 H?"1t ' 3S% HD
I
K "A& v O*0 (T K "D !(;T(N ;< "# J< !VGf ="G& 0 qO1 G6
.- . z& PG 20 ($ PG "(0 2;v 9(* G P< gKOK0 J< f
Ã x4 :Ks;10 x4W :C 1$0 p( ;< J(5 _j !VGf G& 0 qO1 G6
.!*G 1T :v K >( 0 !(*" ± :v I
K $
( 20
!=1t xg !=; g(ST -"D 3c ( -"# j !VGf G& 0 qO1 G6
(K* >& !Kk( * n34* !K1t
( * !5S2$(T PL2$* p($T( K $* n(A !T4 g
.!02#T :* !"D1T
MSK0 :g="W JT0 .V$f ML +> G" JK W ( !VGf G& 0 qO1 G6
$* !( T 4 Sº `
K ;( * (4 Sº VT I ( ;- !VGf G& 0 qO1 G6 .:g="
^ 9K $0 pO< VT ^ ( VT :- Sg !VGf G& 0 qO1 G6 .pO$T
.:gKOSL-0 ^ oN OK C-0 :0(0K ^ oN L0 .:K1( $K0
!"< !G !C p" ! H 1 ' F< ^ hC2;C G "D !VGf G& 0 !P2* D
.!G @D !C;g& -DBD q"1 O ER qC O ED
Bent upon J(5 Pasture 9(* G Refuge

F( G
She stays awake at night K $* Beast of prey ($ Anxious
S;G
He provides MSK0 Hot & cold - . He frequently brings
to
O*0

g*& zN ?"2D .u S r( l P< (T F" O . qF5& ^ sM& !VGf G& 0 :;<
!:v ¬-0 PG :C;% zN ?"2D p(O1 3b " ¾
- qF5& ^ sM& !";0 PG
p1T f ! OFD !";< 4 5& p< h(<"R& C s;%( p1T G 8
Sf VGf ="G& 0 z
.j ( F PG
h%L 4( 0 £ S !"D qSLk0 !"D 5& hF=G n F=G h M& !VGf G& 0 :;<
!( G&L !( "(>&C P= G( y = ( 0 S= 0” h 0 G ! O= FD . n" n0D p(1% ± h5Ss;$0 £ ( &
“.!( "(T !( ( ( W !( "(T&C
b3g 4K jD “.4( K J(D G 'C K .4( SK-L J(D G )(1= TK CzN(” !VGf G& 0 z
q( S; '% 'G 5& VGf G& 0 M|D .g & N 3=" 3b ="W 4(OK0 _2
.'Gj
( k-5 'j

;$K* V( 'C " :(T h
= ;$* V;gº :2á ^ O< ± VGf G& 0 :2*
9G (4 +BT y SD HGz( N PH GG ± MSL%0 :5{D .V1$f ;< P0((2$K
MS;B0 hT !"D (T MS10 P0 h50 .h-& 9G h-& 'K* (4 +&
oN L5 P2 S" h(*4% oN = * .h*> ± h*"A _ ( gz{T :g"5O ± 8"k
V" 2f PG 9Û ± ^ 0 VT
a S%SG 8S '( ± 4a SBG 5& n h(*4%
.S"- J; pSS < % .V;f
n 5 n -R h :;D J;% PG( J S& !;T G J(1T e ;T& :C MN VGf G& 0 åN
"D1 PG hz ± ! S0 ( C 02 C 0Oj !"(-$0 !(" h"N J(T qF5BD
.!*T ^ = 4 VGf G& 0 h";< $ .
Misery, ill will hT Arrival q( S; Followers, group

( "R&

(104 J(5W&) :%>& ± ~

> I
K
:P=" ;< ' 0 G _t ' ¡J;< 5 :MTt "$ ' 9"
b 4O !"D M$56 S-0 .H 4KG _
H 4* MH G+ oN !"D 0 ( #T :s;1(T :Kg &
hz 4KG 3( O0+ oN 0 PG :"D .4KG 5O& !"20 PG :"D M MN .b 4D
.3O ( ± 9k
> I ( $(T
$"1 x(< ( # P(G :H s;1*
( PG K "= "D Mb $5N CSK0 M& S5 JCN '( T 'K 0 :J(5)
( 41f PG :C ' P0 $ :";< "5j PG Kg 0+ PT "0 :0G PT
...:g "5Ç ' 0 ´ G 4KG PG
K > ni0 "7 (,; @ K OW K SK0 J( 9( kT MS20 -D _4T M G '
'L G SD s;1* 3n O< x1A n;tD 4W PD 3O1 :s;1T MS20 % .hz d ( 2< ;<
(104 ) .;0z 'L G SD ()T n z4 M PG .;"
(104 J(5W&) ="7
:K "$-*
.g 3n 4* (* 3n 4* 3G g 3G (* 3b UKG : 8 ="7
54ES * S 5{D .K "= 55 :K g( 4 g 3 ."$ 0>j 3L O1$ (* 3D
3n 4* (* 34* 3 . S . Jg 52 (T 9K DC $* J( 8 4 *4
`K "W MS20 M& 0K0 M$56D J#; 80(4&L MN C' M& a S;1D .:$º ( g
.J#f P< MN '(
.:a UKG a`"% a4t : 4# .0 '" a9D5 : 8 ="7 : x0& q-0
Effective by something
else
g 3G Mean, despicable ;0z Training, practice _
H 4*
Pebbles . Effective itself (* 3b UKG Dullness 3O

(104 J(5W&) ' * ( "= 7 '( 1D ;< r

L <( S
#70 !15 0 P(G I"g I" :g5O& : 0S"5 8 ="7 '( 1D ;< r< S
I
K ;A ="l * :r) .!Gz p((T 10 P(G
K S> . y 4 :J(5) .pt

.;"
'( 1D PG Sg ( ". -G P(G :å) .G1 '( 1D PG hz 3( S# -KG P(G :qjD
pv .2. '1D PG hz '-1 -G P(G :r) ."5 T& 4( ( VA$
P20 :C M{D K!1K 0 ¥ "D P20 ´ M{D .!K<O 0 '-< ML $56 J k( <L& G
a > :'"(% ) q+f
.O OK 1 !G ` K 0KD !L%K* b -< D P20 ´ M{D pK$0 qD P20 ´ M{D !K1 -0
a S7D
PG L D7 o1* !U; _
( S ± :qj : 0>j 8 l ;< r< S h
:r) .P="( F=G hz !Gz D7G p y 4 :å) .G1 L F=G hz !(T-(<
Jg # V-0 V" F=G hz 80 × ( o1* !U; (8tG I K ;A
. xOS gF<&
('G S# 'G Sv 0S2$G) '-1 :$º I
( kG ± qL <
( G%N PG T .J1"A !0C&F BT pOS M{D .p5z ( M( $5ß 4D "5 I K ;A G&
P< :;1 !0 :C .!G 's;0 G / ( 0S1* PG T '( s; :K O qb " !5j !(*O(T Fº g
I( ;A P(D ...b GSGG 3L O0F 5 zN . 4% ;< 3( O0F P< 5 5N .4( -f g
'-1 !0 ( 9a T(* I
a " GK SD ($º ;< (
( °
( ± . 4 % "5K PG :;1T
.
a $KG ¦
b G SD hz PG )& I;A PG .:;1 !T GB0
Worth Reading
What are success secrets? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0015-Secrets.htm
Satisfaction, compensation /
( 0S1* Searched things 80 Thunderbolt b -<W

('G S# 'G Sv 0S2$G) SG @56 OS @

K 56
G qb T Sg .C 1 !K W I K $
( 20 G !G :D .SGG G :MTt @ K 56
x& ! W IK $ ( 20 G !G .q"1 ;< @ ( 56 (t ( % !CT L 10# ( &
G qb T Sg C0. !K W I K $( 20 G !G .!";< @
56 L 10# ( GF& PG ;< @ K 56 Sg
. x& 1 Ë PG x2R ~ PG I K $ ( 20 D .!T oN 10# ( T5
Kg .$G6 K "= - Sg : 0* .
6 K 0 Sg :¦ b DN :MTt SG
( PG .! !L;( 0 (G )& Jk1K0 M& "2 ( PG K0D ."2 ""2 !"D < K0
.!(1tSG ± !10 MBD ""2
$KG !(%5N ± Sg
H S& P(G xg 4O a KG _K D .( "2T !G )& ""2T !"D 4<
h;0 nDS& K G _K4 . x> R & xg 4O 3b D k<& P a:( $KG !(T
% .!< ^ Jt4 2T Á& 0 MBR ± 4 .,KG (T a ( -G "D Sg g
± '";- qL T M zN” :q% “ xO % K "= )2 nD N '";- qL T MS20 G” ::"2( '"%
“. ± =")2 qT 'AT
r
L " PG 90 M& ( ""2 r" PG .! !;0 G MKO 0 M& ( "2 PG K "= -
.I
K ,( 0 r" 9K 0 I(,0
qH ' ;< OK Sº b'7KT K "= - .I
K ,
( 0 (G )& !2 Oa SK !5j K = & ~ (< K 0
4 f Mj .I
a 1W !"N '"7 y -*4 b' ( 7$ oN 4( s S4 Mj .'( 7 PG = &
.!$5 p 90 -K !($T t & MN p 9K 0 %
0 Mj .9a "KG a !5,T( N
N zN K`%& !H PG Sg -"-. ± 0 M& ;<
q( 4( -T 'b g !5j Ã:( PG 4K C <& `"# :'"% v .p : ;0 M& oN !( T O0
p(>j :V PG ´ 4f
K .R ' ~&4 'L º d ( - I K Sg
.!1tSG ± !1t !(1tSG PG

(104 J(5W&) !"N G MSº

n -;> 3n 4* M5S20 Kg .. ( 0k !( s;%( :K =
K .'C -1 K K 0 }
a 4< Sg : MS,
: !S% ± hz K <# % % .MSº := 10 :C G K . :L< % .xt4< M5S20 3n 4*
0 0 PG
K "<& C %. N ... !T Ik( $0 ¥ O H O s'2
oN !LS; MS20 xD !GK 0 pK00 !Kt MS20 :MC S, M& "T !T @0 (G..
...Bk> !"N !LS; x"W p00 !Kt MS20 := j .xT SW !(t
3n 4* M-K0 % d"2 !; sM& -* % .dE"2C pKOK0 4SGj ;< ! s;-( D :!; G&
± M x$" Kg N ± M PD .0>j 4SGjT M5S20 34* 0S"5 4( SGj 4<T
“.4S, . = & J- d"2 d"&” :!< ^ Jt4 0 q% % .x;T& >yj
.hT 9%K4 !5B qH Í ' !(;-T K ;0 D :9"% G&
.!G K ". Sg '( º P( <T x#* (_ S P< 70 (T J(*B0 :PK <4j
. -5 : & @S$
( -=5 : :vS% PG '( -1 ¬% Sg := j
JR ± x M$56 MS20 % .:"; '"7* 9G ";1 4SGj ± T, s;%( :3L 4
.> JR ± H
;< & '%& & I,
( 0 (G )& 'C 10 M& Sg hz ";1 S;1T 'gº ± q-K0 :@
K 7

.@. pOK0 .) pSS pg 10 '< ' OK $D.OS (
.'-1 !"-0 G * S * : J
Lightheaded PK <4j He undertakes K 0 He gets medical

advice
Ik( $0
Deviation K ". Foolish 9"% The most fatigued
K "<&
Silliness @
K 7 He attaches K ;0 He treats 0

p4S * ( S p -T PD @ qS% & '"º '1D & . O-< -K0 M& :qL
'" !5& à "% Sg "D & !S-"D @
a W !5& xT M "D & pK-( 1"D !5& n;AT M "D
.hz ' ± < : 'º .!;1D
"D q-K* P2 !;)G : 3FTº .g gW 0S"5 4SGj ± ( g q1 :I7
...K*0 4O& zN 1 4SGj ± q-K0 P2 !;)G : g ."0 4SGj J-*
G K :!L;W& .PH "= -"T ! I02 '( " ;< ; M$56 OK (< Sg ÃK2 :'º PG
PG . p(O< PG p 0 !L;( 1$0 (T
( 41 PG !(W !(*kT M( $5ß o1* !U; !C;1
P= G _ > = %C gU+ P= G `
;C D &C = %C ” :o1* !S-T 1f d ( "FT q( >6 ( *
“.gEO
(G-G M;> PT )
3( 4. P(G L ;W. @>j
± >& O$ oN I ;-5 0 e;T zN !5& .
34. Jg M K1 C 0 sM&
V
K < Jg
34. P(G C ;W. @ >j sMN qS-5 'T .85 S"; "1"k 4( <j
!-;> ( G- p4( G 9DO !1DG I ( ; ;< p(4 %T Mb $5N Sg 5N MC $56 Mj .O$
!"G. ;< qb "< h SD ..
( T ~( B ;K> PG -C DC % Ý . ...hz ± J1$;
!T 5S;L *K G .<A K S1 !G 8$D& (T n !(0O ± n0& D Sg Å .!< 9K D( K* J(
.4O s'%j ± N p54% (*2;G PG d
;< n7$G 4W !K"5$5N 8$D -D !(0O !(%>& ± :L !(*4% × M$56 $ D zN
;< MC SKT 0 P0 PG 95& 5S#l 3 oN ... MST-0 P0 M 4< à .-"-.
.-;> 3( 4.
Nomadism, roughness 5S#l 3 Dependent upon ;< qb "< Obtaining I

( ;
They become dusty MC SKT 0 It is colored by 5S;L *K Hardship ~
( B

(S;1 " & Ë F) M$56 I;% "W>

~K S. I 3S# M( S"; zN JGO| S 85 S". ( ;< !T ^ :15& %
.!G _ K K D (;-T !* < :K ;C 1D ("1T I
* 3C # MN x0& A 3L g
'( gK B !DR :< !(;j M$56 I;% !T ¬70 G K ;D .PA K 4O6 Sg hD
.3O 4N :;< oN 9a 4 Sg o1* ^ PG _-
y 4 4SG& pg M{D .( ";-1 -. 0>j 0S"5 4SGjT :;1 SD ::;1 G&
...'( -1 ¾ S> P(G 04 ";2 K S;1 'T .85 S". "D !4#K0 8
( S$
oN @ a SR !(* z PG r C 1 5 !"D K 0A Gj L %< '( -1T 4O& zN !5{D :3O 46 G&
'T (85 S". 3O 4N 3( S# 3O 4N K "= hz .C 3O 46 (T& J(A1* oN ( ; K (
qL ( 0 K;( k0 g0K0 'L -1 G,. ( P< K ( * 3C S# M{D .3( S# t ;< MS20
..< x + !($5 ± K , ( 0 '%1 (}f V ± 1Aj ( oN '"* 3L S# ."D qC f
;< ( <Ç r< g ;70 ´ 4SGj I ( % S1T
1 'C -1 ^ ;> S
:H ;1T ¬> M$56 I K ;% Mz{D ."- ;< x1t '-1 :K 2 M2 '-1 :( 2 -KG
!"D hz K0 5N .3( k q& ± J( < h0 'T M S". < h0 3H O 4N
.J( ± 3OSSG Ñ{D A 3g ~ S. I 3S# G& .²S; 1T
Rule of the Day!

Sometimes, the word P
= G( is used to describe a part of something e.g. P G(
~
( (Some of the people), _
( <= jQ P= G( MC K41 K Q (Some villagers
came putting excuses), ( 5= &C P
= G( h
(zC (Those are some of the news). It is
called b "
( "(1 P= G( .
Cupping (Medieval methods of medical treatment by cutting certain veins

and discharging blood.)
G,. Bleeding (

(S;1 " & Ë F) I;-
( W& 9K G( ,G

H S5& L 1T4& !";< 9 h;D .I( SR 9K T4& !"* !(-;> ± I
kW % MC $56 M& :;<
."5T "5k"# "" L E"1( $ 8 :Jg
Wj PG
;< :, ( 3( 1 P(G ( ($ qC 1D& CA10 I
K !";< s; r L " PG SD
p( # P(G :( qC 1D& CA10 3S# !";< = ks; r L " PG .:( # _ ( T ~(
.p("= ( # ¾
( .
J<0 !5{D “.JT4 ( G& P(G K K '( %L ” :o1* ^ q% .J5(T4 a G& !($5 ± !5N r" P(G
O s; 4SGjT O( ¬ 7 Q 1 Q " I ( 0K ."TST !($
J<0 'T .s; ( S;1 ;< A J#0 .9( t K S 0OS1 ( -T4 P< qC $5 ( 0T
oN I$K5 zN ML FK 0 :( ;1 oN I $( 5K zN K 0 .4SGj ( -(T A 6 D1f : ;1 !($
± ( "TST
W& P(G l 9( " ;< ( -T y " -. 9( ",(T LA 6 .'( º
. hz ;< ¾ a M$56
b "5k"R !"D
= ; 3S# I
( ± v !(4#G 9G F""T :( ( PG ¬70 r L " PG
( ;". ( 2fT }
( j oN 'WS0 # p( SK ¦ ± F"" 'L ( 1$0 . x0R 4 D
.VA"# @>& pg .( "= l }( 1G ± # K 0 . ( l
."" "1$ "5k"# "5T J(<& :1T4j qSWj pg PG _ a SR !"D M$5N '
.:"2 Mk"R I; a 0F=> :M$56 _ ( gN ± S, sMB2D I
( ;- ±
a SÛ hz s'
Escaping P< q$5 Animality "" He accompanies I

kW
Trap ( -T4 Attack, offensiveness :, Mixtures I
( SR
Skin _
( gN Lust, sexual appetite ( # Wildness L E"1( $

!(;( C !(1#,( 'T !(*4SW !(;2R !(5S;( xGSGG 0F=l P20 ´ !5{D .3L S# Sg 0F=7D
4( <T x1 x; d" 4K S-1 IK ;2 4( 9 $ sM{D .I K Sg IK ;C 2C .!(W(
M$56 P( AT ± .( -1 M 1 3( ( "1$ 1G a 4 'T ('2# M( S; 3( 4S
( 2f ( # oN p( #T S<0 0F=lD .!L-R K 0F=l ¾ K !K 9( $ 3L t
.( 06 :; oN I
( T 9$
G v PK $0 .( >|T Kg & K0 9( $ °
C " 0F=l 3C SR ®
K "(0K q F0 Mk"#
.!( ";< MS,G Kg
!($";* P< ? #20 MBT p2G Mk"# " 9 D0 MBT 4SGBG '( -1 qL )G Sg :"2.
3( S# 3C 4S K $
( 20 ...0F=l g p R $20 M& (`t S @#f p(4SK5 3( D !(*=" T
.!(" * x4S-G I
;2 '1,0 ... I;2 3C t 9K DC 0
¦
( ;< ' 2 M( ( 2;G ± qL 1 K Gj q< !";< 4% hz 'C 1 DC M{D
2 ( "%* '( "
( ¦
( ± q F0 D pSKG7 pK( %L g(% P< F ,
< MN .:"-$
.H 0F=> I
H ; 3( O< ± x O MS2"D I;2 t0 0F=l 9 #"(
.!G I ( ,K1 ( <j L $DKG
K C PK kC ::g( K )& M G ~ ( )& qL g
!( ( -"-(T ?
R( SL !< y k ?
#( L S .34,;( :(*O< ( Wj 3( < ;< K 2( K0 !5&
(KG >L& 1 4 3G ! x ( 0F=> 0 VT n (G !$5 C& ...!( C -"- ! 'C U)G
4( N !(G> ± 4( S ;< r15 !(* SR PG H JR I;k K 0F=l g D .p(G& !(*4R6
!K$;0 !"(-0 C .x1G x1"kKG ! xT< 4H S-< I H ; 0 VT G !$5 &4 & .!*SR
.!(<A oN qSWS '( " ± 2T n-s%G
Policy " Rapacity, wildness 3( Excessive greed for material

wealth
9( #
It is revealed ?
#
( L Molded qS,G Rapacious, biting 4K S-1

;< L)10 I ;2 K "= )0K 0F=l ® K "(0 !5{D !(5k"R 3( E$ ( GK ± = hT Sg
!*2 !* H < ' I = % K";D (*O1T MC k"# K K10 !( S g PG SD .!(G 7
qSLA x"< N !$5 ? 5& MN 0 D 3 V ( 1T = " pOS1% !G"% !C-k5 !*S2
.g 3O< ± 4(
'L -1 zN . x4S-G K g- x< K "$ xTSTG _ nS;G h
K f 'C 1( K zN :; L 0 g
oN K #( 0 D .( ) g ( Gl pK E7 % ." ( - 3( O"$; K $f Sg
.! x"KG I( ;-; n2;KG x04 x1TA 0 !";< : * H8W ) g ( <A PG !(;%
( 2 ( 0 ="- 0 rK7 ( %S (W G 4K ( D (3S# ( 0F=> <A G&
.g *# -. $. ; 9#º ¾. r1 5,
?( ;
( ( 4( S L W I
( ;- oN G K #
( D (I
I
( ; L <A G&
3( SR # 3( O 4N ;l ( "= -*
7 ( F I,K1 2 ( A#
.g=" :( ;
( g ;".
( l ( 2f W G 'L K "D (I 3S# ( <kT Mk"# L <A G&
.()G& 7 I7 u I
( 0 d"; 3&º
8
( PG I;- ± -C "5T ( " * 9"º ( %L Gj d
2( <K S
!";< Jg G ;< 4SGj ( D1G ("Rj -(T A 6 V-" 2. :;1 :"5T
.!( :;1 q2 ;l ;< - @- 3 :;1 3S-(T s'2 ;< ( "
Flaming up with rage ( A# Malicious -. Delightful 3( E$

( GK
Making sellable items
impure to get more profit
I
( 0 Lavishness
( He instigates K "= )K0 ®
K "(0
Using obscene language 7 Boasting ?
( ; Successively : *

Lesson 13A: Use of Specifications in a Sentence ""- @A6
Dear Reader!
In all languages, certain sentences are general Build Your Personality
without any specification whereas additional words Spend half-an-hour at late night to
are added as specifications to the condition. For strengthen your relationship with Allah.
example, in the sentence 0+ , it is described in a
general sense that “Zaid came”. It is not mentioned in the sentence that how he came? What was the
purpose? From where he came? When did he come? If it is said 4; 2f PG ~ ;< 4 0+
(Zaid came by riding on a horse from Makkah for education). We find the answers of all these questions.
These specifications are called "% in Arabic while the sentences with specifications are called "-G. If a
sentence is not specified, it is called ;kG and such phenomenon is called @AN. A sentence is described
without any specification if the speaker does not want to specify the sentence or the specifications are not
significant. Otherwise sentences are specified. Sentences are specified in different ways: ¦R S5 q
qT. We discuss them one by one.
State q
The nouns used for G '"* W qS1G '<D are used as q . You’ve already studied that the
objective is to describe the condition, state, place, time, reason or other attributes of the verb, the subject or
the object. For example, V (<( K "= T G }
4= jQ Q E$ - ;C > G (We have not created the heavens, the earth
and whatever is between them as the player of a game). Here the word V
(<( is the specification.
Nawasikh S5
They are certain verbs which adjust the meaning of a sentence and add specific meaning to it. All of them
also gives I 5 to the c>. They include %5 q1D& the following:
• M: It changes the meaning of a "= ;K into the past continuous tense. For example, :a C% a 0+ (Zaid is
standing), will change to xC% a 0+ M (Zaid was standing).
• U'C : It changes the meaning of a "= ;K into a past continuous verb at day time. For example, :a C% a 0+
will change to xC% a 0+ ' (Zaid stood at day time).
• 8T: It changes the meaning of a "= ;K into the a past continuous verb at night time. For example,
:a C% a 0+ will change to xC% a 0+ 8
T (Zaid stood at night time).
• ` W&: It changes the meaning of a "= ;K into the past continuous tense at morning time. For
example, : a C% a 0+ will change to xC% a 0+ `
W& (Zaid was standing at morning).
• $G&: It changes the meaning of a "= ;K into the past continuous tense at evening time. For example,
:a C% a 0+ will change to xC% a 0+ $G& (Zaid was standing at evening).
• t&: It changes the meaning of a "= ;K into the past continuous tense at forenoon. For example,
:a C% a 0+ will change to xC% a 0+ t& (Zaid was standing at forenoon).

Nawasikh also include _S;% q1D& i.e. those performed by human mind including:
• hR& O: It changes the meaning of a "= ;K to the sense of the English phrase “became about to”.
For example, 8S0 M&
a 0+ O (Zaid became about to be dying).
• :s;1* 4O & : They are the verbs performed by human mind. For example, xC% a 0+ 8 K (I
found Zaid standing). These verbs describe the speaker is sure about something.
• P I($ : They are also performed by the human mind but include the sense of a doubt. For example,
xC% a 0+
K (I think that Zaid was standing).
Condition ¦R
Various words are used to describe a conditional sentence. The detail is as follows:
• MN: It sets a condition in present or future. Use of this word demonstrates that the fulfilling the condition is
not essential. For example, V ;( <( CD := KL M N( := 2L ( KK 5 (Then help your [false] gods if you can). Usually,
the matters which do not occur regularly are described with MN.
• zN: It sets a condition in present or future. use of this word indicates that the speaker is sure about the
condition. For example, : = K TKSL;%L
= ;C ( !K U; ( zL CzN( P 0(U (Those when Allah’s name is mentioned in front
of them, their hearts tremble). While translating in English, word “when” is used instead of “if”. The
matters which occur regularly are described with it. For example, M N( p( ( g C SLC% L $

:= K *= Q Cz{(DC
SKT( KE"Uk0 b iC" := K = ( *K (When a good fortune came to them, they said, “It is for us.” And if an evil
befell them, they associated with Moses. If it used for past, it does not describe a condition.
• S: It sets the condition in past. For example, n 2C (G qC F 5Qj !K U; Q R S= C (If Allah had desired, He had sent
down angels).
Badl qT
Badl is the explanation for something unclear in a sentence. It has four types. Three of them are commonly
used in e";T `" D language. In English, a Badl is described by “that is” or “ I mean” or “i.e.”.
• '2 qT: A word explaining that the whole of the previous word is under discussion. For example,
J;< J(TN (My son i.e. Ali came). Here the word J;< is a badl for J(TN explaining him.
• /1 qT: A word explaining that a part of previous word is under discussion. For example, º D
!K K;C & (The army traveled i.e. its major part). Here the word !;& is a badl for explaining it.
• qR6 qT: A word describing that something from the previous word is under discussion. For example,
!K ;< zj (15 (The teacher benefited me i.e. his knowledge). Here the word !;< is a badl for z
explaining him.
• ; qT: A word describing that the previous word was spoken as a mistake. For example, 4K 9;A
d
K # (The moon rose, I mean the sun). Here the word dR is a badl for 4T explaining it.

Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify the type of the specifications. Explain the
result of these specifications. Read the context, if something is not clear.
Analysis :$% J(T<

Specified by V< that describes the state K "= T G }
4= jQ Q E$ - ;C > G
q
“as a player”. (21:16) V (<(
(2:25) :
= 2L C n%=+4( 8
( U) P= G( !( T(
>= BCDC
n"=<K := ( g( SK C;< ( G "-( S= 0 := gK K #
K
= 5
(17:97) nW K n2TK
MC C ( "= 7
(T pK Q <OK E#(T ML $5(6
K = 0
(17:11) n SK,< ML $5(6
: E J(D C-; KDC > nCN( !( U; 9 G '1 ,
= *
(17:39) n4SK = G nGSL;G
S= T= nz(N MC SLSL-0 C b ( !K 1 G CMC S= C ' %L
(17:42) n "( w ( = 1 (z CN(
K, $ DC O | K, K = ( 2C (; ( ; %L z N(

!( T4 ( G= &C P= < $ C DC P,( P= G( MC C d"(;T=N( UN(
:= 2L C := gK J(5KO P= G( Q "(= &C !K E04zL !K 5L7 ( EDC &C
(18:50) n T V
( (U;( d
i T( ¡K <
'L P= G( ~( E;( M( =-L Cg J(D D EW = -C C

n H J= R )C &C ML $5(6 MC C 'H )CG
(18:54)
(26:157) V
G( O( 5 SKW
= BCDC gK-C 1 DC

Analysis :$% J(T<

J(D SKW
= BCDC L C = E := K *= C > BCDC pK SKTU2C DC
(29:37) V ( ( := g( 4( O
(2:19) :
= gK 4 T=&C ?
K kC 7
= 0 @
K = OK C20
(42:5) EP( %( S= DC P= G( MC = UkC 0 8
K S E$ OK C2*

a S= DC "(D J -( &L U;L ° ( "= P= G( FK E" * OK C2*
(67:8) a 0(5 : = 2L *(B 0 := C&C K5F > := K CBC
E:L := K = G( H 0(DC _
K SL;%L eL 0(F0 O C G ( 1= T P= G(
(9:117) : a "( 4
a y4 := ( T( !K E5N( := ( "= ;C < _
*
_

= ( E0( C + "= ;C < 'C > O U;L
(3:37) n%=+4( g = <(
qL SKE := K C C = = ! U; KC = = CD
(4:64) n"( 4 nT ES* ! U; K S C
' T SLC% !K U; qC F 5C& G SK1(E* := K C 'C "(% CzN(
:= gK £K T MC C S= C &C 5Q T !( "= ;C < "= C &C G 9K (E5
(2:170) M C K= 0 ni="R MC SL;-( 1= 0
P 0( U !K U; := ;C 1= 0 EC SL = *K M &C := K=$
( = &C
(9:16) : = 2L = G( Kg
EG( n()C :K ;C 1= 0 ! U; UM&C := K= C P= 2( C
:= 2L T T( := KC (U := 2L C := 2L (zC .MC SL; 1= *
(41:22- P 0(( 7 P= G( := K
= W
= BCDC := L O4= &C
23)
Worth Reading
How to overcome procrastination?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0016-Procrastination.htm

Analysis :$% J(T<

MC SK;C 1= 0 H S= -C ( n"(T< n5=%L !K *K0 =;C DL _
a (
(41:3)
C;< P,
( d
K 5(6 qC SL-* P= C M &C EC E5&C
(72:5) nT( C !( U;
(2:70) M
C K= K C !K U; Q R M N( E5N(
!( U; = <( 3L >( | 4K E := 2L C = 5C M N( ' %L
M N( 8 S= =SE DC ~
( E M( KO P= G( n (>
(2:94) V %( O( W := KL
!( U; ( = <( P= G( b TSL) C =S-C E* SKG := K E5&C S= C

(2:103) M C SK;C 1= 0 SK5C S= C a "= >
= &C !K U; K ;2C 0K =SC MC SK;C 1= 0 P 0(U qC C%
(2:118) b 0 "(*B *
H "= > P= G( = ;C ( < G d

H 5 ' L K ,( * S= 0
"= T UM&C S= C OS * H SK P= G(
= ;C ( < G n = GK
(3:30) n"(1T nG&C !K "= T
S< =S;C > CzN( EG SLC% := L SL-C CzN(

(3:119) ° ( "= P= G( 'C G( 5jQ := 2L "= ;C <
:= K $
L 5=&C SK;C C = &C n #
( CD SL;1 DC CzN( P 0(U
(3:135) : = ( T(SK5L ( KC = = CD ! U; KC zC
I
( 0K ! U; UMN( !( U; C;< ' US DC
G= F < Cz{(DC
(3:159) V ;( S K

Lesson 13B: An Introduction to Quranic Studies
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study excerpts from the book
Mk- G 4S; M- S;< ± r G. The author has We should deliver the message of Quran
and Sunnah to Non-Muslims as their well-
introduced different areas of Quranic Studies in this
book. We shall study the most important areas of that. wishers not as their rivalries.
p4Sk* !(*B#5 M"T (M( - ) :( ;1T ?

K 01
(+,<6 ± x>S4 N J;1 - g0F0 J( 3l 6 3F,1G Sg ¤2 M-
:00 4S oN 8; PG ~ 7K" :; !";< ^ ;W Í S4 ;< ^ !CF 5&
Ï¬ a U;>K _< :g Ï !T !;0 !";< !G ^ 8 S;W M2D .:"-$f ¦ oN
.:(-";$T !5S"D
M ...< :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 SB 80| PG 0 :D :";< d zN
M- J-;* ;< T ¾ .80| /1T :v K $C 0K :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4
Jt4 d5& P< .:v nDR hz M !D !( :; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 PG ¤2
.:L< & “."D E M < q 3- &% zN G ' M” :q% !< ^
!5& J;$ P= < Á& P< ( 4K .!G2 & <
( S%S !T '( 1 ;< h SKW

:5& Kg OS1$G PT ^ < M< PT M)1 M- 5S-0 S5 P0 ” :q%
"D G S;10 g+,K0 :C 80 #< :; !";< ^ ;W J( PG SU;1* zN S5
..“.x1" '1 :;1 M- s;1D” : S% “.'1 :;1 PG
9 oN 1T "D g ½ J< % !< ^ Jt4 MH )< D> 8
oN !G $5 ;4= &L G6 ? fT J K hz :D ? H G ;< V;$f
.“M- :4 :;<” 0 T g c1K0 !"N $5 J(5)1 :T !T
= "K 4 Gj
n 5"W S < S% !G H GBT Ë£ OSj ST& 9tSD !< ^ Jt4 J;< D> 5 Å
“.M- _ <N :;<” 0 T h g c1K0 ¤2 M-; nkt k G$

8 :"T "D 8 ( * ;< !*0 /1T $* M- J(51G MS;%0 T
hz :< 'C %C * .:; !";< ^ ;W ^ qS :G+G 8* : ;< :(*4%
.V1T PG :g"G*
I1 PT JT&L ~< PT OS1$G PT 1T4j ;l :T PG P0$f R& PG
:P< $ ± 0 8L) % .="TF PT ^ < 1Rj SG ST& T PT 0+
x"= $* P0 :< ( 4K G I1 PT JT&L OS1$G PT ^ < ~< PT ^ <
.;,KG `"tS* (G $T 80| /1T J(51G ;< -0 5N .M-; n;G
.80| /1T $* ± T P< >& < :G RD MS1T G&
~A ~< PT oSG G2(< gÛ PT "1 :2Ý ~< PT "G* PG RD
:;& PT 0+ :0fT I1 PT JT&L "G* PG R .T4 Á& PT k< å" M$" PT
PT -;< :@ 1T OS1$G PT ^ < "G* PG R .J- I1 PT Í "1 ST&
G<O PT 3O% P$. Â1# G< 0F0 PT OSj @$G d"%
:;< M- I0 :;< $ :;< :q0 x1" g P< ( 4K ...J$
;< x1KG ' !; g P2 S$f :;< J(5f J2f :;< qFK _&
.V-;T 0
;10 G hz 'C R <Sf !T STBT r0. P0* &T J(5) M- ± P0 K <
!";< ^ ;W ^ qS4 P< ¤2 M-; $* PG ( 4K G ;1 /1T 9 $T
.V1T P< & T P< & :;
×Sf ,. PT 1= RK 0,g 117 ×Sf J;$ M4g PT 0F0 ::G ( KR
198 ×Sf ""K< PT M" 0,g 197 ×Sf º PT 9" 0,g 160
r0. & PG S5 x1" g .0,g 211 ×Sf g PT @ + < 0,g
S _S2G JR :g* PG ; 0 ´ !T ST& PG _ x1 $; :1 M2D
.g PT @ + < $* ASkê

.!(*0 I ( "** D M( -; n;G2G x$* SK1t

;1 PG < hz 1T :,5 ® 5 Å
P< '( -T n& $ &T 2g .0,g 310 ×Sf ck 0 PT :G (KR
qH - ;< MC OK Å r0. _ ST& PG _ a T !5& ;< !K0* M Å .0 Js-; ( 0A
.&T ="$ Å 4SBT $ 9 T* .O 5
$K J($0 M-T ' * 8 ( <StSG ± J<StSf ?"B M ( "= $ :;< ( +{T
?U& .qFK _& ± 0,g 234 ×Sf 47 "R J(0f PT J;< ?UBD .<
?U& .8 - ± S$f ± 0,g 224 ×Sf PT :- "< ST&
.,v r) M- ;< PG g .M- 'C2# = GK ± 0,g 276 ×Sf "% PT
ST& ?U& .“M- S;< ± . ” 0,g 309 ×Sf MT+f ?;> PT Í ?U&
2T ST& ?U& .M- S;< ± 0,g 328 ×Sf 45j :- PT Í 2T
×Sf SDOj J;< PT Í ?U& .M- I0 ± 0,g 330 ×Sf å$,$
.,v 9T M- ;< PG g .“M- S;< ± ” 0,g 388
.M- +,<N ± 0,g 403 ×Sf å% 2T ST& ?UBD .hz 1T ?"B 9T* Å
×Sf O4f .M- _ <N ± 0,g 430 ×Sf ±S. "1 PT :"g TN PT J;<
+Û ± 0,g 660 ×Sf $ < PT F1 .M- q)G& ± 0,g 450
×Sf :"- PT .8 - :;< ± 0,g 643 ×Sf 7$ P0 :;< .M-
.“M- $%&” ± 0,g 751
G& .!T ; f !) G PG n)T M- S;< PG x<S5 G ?sG ' qL ( 0 8U pg
< Í "# z -D ? H UG ± Ï; & ;Ï S5j h;* r f pg 9
0 f I2 4 O ± C C !5& “M- S;< ± MD1 'gG” !T ± J(5%4F :"1
9K -C 0 “.M- S;< ± MgK ” !Ù J(DS.T # "1 PT :"g TN PT J;1 ¦Sk7G _2T
0| ?f q0 r" .%1G H *G x;Û #< $> G S0 x;,KG V ±
' xOG M- ( S;< PG !";< 'L ( #* < :s;2"D ? f I ( "*T ¤2 M( - 80 PG
.MH S1T S5

g * 9K 0 Å 0| 0 “...' F< !S% ± qS- ” :0| ± 1 M S1 '1,"D
± qS- ” :L .0S; 0S ( " PG 0| P< 0 “_ <6 ± qS- ” :M S1
+S,0 G P"0 “ ?%S ± qS- ” Å .qS-1f 4SBfT 0| K #
0K “="$ 1f
% .“3 - ± qS- ” :qS-"D ¯'-$G MH S1T 8 - OK ( 0K % .+S,0 G ?%S PG
.(t< < 0| PG >K* J( 2 j P< :s;20
¾l ( ;< !K0* M MN .M- S;< MEO PG q& K (10 ®
( (T JD( S.
MSD” !T ± 0,g 597 +Sº PT !1* :L .g430 ×Sf Sg ?5|
?s& 0,g 794 ×Sf J#4F P0 4T Å “.M- S;< I,< ± MDj
J("-; P0 q 8 O0F /K 1T !"N
t& :L .“M- S;< ± MgK ” p x"D xT
P0 q ?s& :L “.S, 9% SG PG S;1 9% SG” !T ± 0,g 824 ×Sf
“.M- S;< ± M-*6 ” 4S#f !T 0,g 911 ×Sf JAS"$
-D .>yj S;1 P(G s'%& ( )0. ( < ± ?"B PG M- S;< KI" 5 P20 ´
_S;BT "5- 8<StSf ,C1G ± x0 xg,* JG6 2 (T MS; f !K , *
x ;< 84W M- ( S;1T
1K* J( Jg 1" r f pg ...._ 'L )G 1
.: à
1 :;1 ;<
nkt ( ASf ;7f '$f 1Ý 'C -( 5K Å . 4O6 : ::;1 H:;(< 9 :K S;1
( D1G r" PG M-T C -;1 C =Tj q0 :;1 :M- ( S;1T O f .";<
:( 2C
= fL S$f J5f J2f D1G !"** M- 9 qFK _&
.M-T b ;W ! (G hz =" oN !T#K
D1G PG $; T J( r
C f q0 !5j ="$ qSWBT :;1 g $K0 %
.M- ="$* ± "N O

J S
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Worth Reading
Why people have two faces? What is the impact of dual personality on the
reputation? Read the details in:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0016-Twofaces.htm

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.“qj 9º ”
(1) Since paper was not common in Arabia of that time, therefore, they used to write on different materials like flat
branches of trees, flat stones, leaves, parchments, leather sheets, wooden plates or flat bones. There was no chance
that some portion of the Quran is lost because a large number of people had memorized it fully while thousands of
companions had memorized it partially. Writing the Quran was an additional measure to preserve it.
Wooden plates, plural of
I% _%j Palm leaves, plural
of D5 ?"5 2 Flat branches of date-palm
tree, plural of I"$<. IK$1K
Flat bones of an animal,
plural of ?
j Parchment, plural
of 1%4 % Plates of stone, plural of l
7;

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a F J;1 ?; D :I5º PK "= 9t S Ï5
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.?s;2* MO
Grammatical mistake PU; Not practicing (what

saying)
( "k* < He is imitated K0
Beggar ?2f Mistake in reading /
listening
?" Repugnant L "T

.!D 4ê P< V(0K !; 0 'T xO 2 O$0 D :0 35j Ï9

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q S%j !( "S }10 !5{D 0 PT N hz "D d" :<*& V1T T oN
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G _ <6 pS 0S; ST n 5S#G "= * W ::g1T -A = 5 Å Ï5
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3- :g PG .ç ?;$ P< O4 G H 0* oN H ;G ;C W& ! M& 5 p1T J,0
:= ( "= ;C < _
( SK= ( "= C ” :o1* !S% $* ± 0&4 :JAS"$ q% Ï _ g ±
T 9" :; !";< ^ ;W J( P< O4 S M& 9G q S% 3#< S5 “.V E
PG nD> hz ± :;<& :Ð Á& PT q% .4 OS" d" V1T
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.="$ N JR ' !"D :;1 /1T q% h $
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He went on saying O k He became expert E * Example, pattern 3-

!
S !5& r"(T !(gG ;< (0S( $* 80| ?0* N % ! d"
$T MB# 2g ....!"N
4 qÛ 5O& !"D ! x1tSG & % "1T PG 3O4R
.:g P0;f oN
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Ig f 3W1f 42Dj "< J ST g 341 P$K _S;j
t4 "R4 Í "$ p< Í :g PG J< ÁOj $ M2D .)0.
.3+4O 3F< Í Ik% " J f k G Í
± z “P0$f 8-A” _ 0,g 911 ×Sf JAS"$ P0 q °D;
V
PG P0$f V1T *& V1T T PG P0$f q" !5& !G-G
O< e;T :0 ´ !2 :gSÕ 1"# F1f @ 'g& PG P0$f E¡$ 'g&
.",v
. ;< I*G Sg * 136 !"D :
980 ×Sf å p+S2 ^ 9W "1 ST& "# x0& P0$f 8-A ± ?W
°D; .#< O. M- ;< PG !5Oj Í PT = & "D ?W .0,g
4S#f !T 0,g 945 ×Sf f O = & PT J;< PT Í P0 dR
O !"D - "G6 2fT !<StSG ± _ ×& Sg “P0$f 8-A”
?# ± ";> J !"D q% 3,; R1 M- ' & ì P0$f <& : *
.“!"D ?KW G P$ & Sg” :MS
Worth Reading
Success of the Hereafter does not depend on attachment to a group. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0009-Attachment.htm
He hunted it (shot
it)
¬% Bringing an argument which
is far from logic
"1T PG 3O4R Leveling 0S( $*

Lesson 14A: Limiting Something -
Dear Reader!
In all languages, words are used to limit something. Build Your Personality
For example, “He is only a poet” or “There is no Be beneficial to others. Give benefit to
poet except him.” First of these styles limit the others even it is small.
capabilities of a person. Other sentence limits poetry
to that person. In Arabic there are many styles to limit something. They include the following:
• UN: It is used for exception. For example, ^ ! (There is no god except Allah). It means that there is
only and only One God Whose name is Allah.
• E5N: It is like using word “only” in English. For example, a G "5= 3L " p( ( g E5N( (This worldly life is
only a [temporary] enjoyment). It is also described as an exception in the Quran
K G UN( "5= 3L "
G
4( KK (This worldly life is nothing except an illusionary enjoyment).
• P2 'T : These words clarify any doubts about the sentence before them and affirm whatever is said
after them. For example, :
= 2L "= ;C < PK 0 !K U; ' T := 2L G=N( EJ;C < SK * (You have not conferred upon me a favor
by accepting Islam, but Allah has conferred a favor upon you). Bedouin people used to think that they
have conferred a favor upon the Prophet. The word 'T negates it and affirms that it is Allah’s favor upon
you that you accepted Islam.
• Fourth way to limit the sense is that bring the object before the verb. For example, V
K 1( $
= 5 E0N( K K1= 5 E0N(
(Only to You, we worship and only to You, we seek help). It means that the believers worship and seek
help from only and only One God i.e. Allah.
Basically, there are two reasons for limiting a person or an attribute.
• The person or thing under discussion is the only one who possess something or is capable to do
something. For example 0+ N I* (There is no writer except Zaid). In this sentence, writing is
limited to Zaid because no other writer is available at the place of discussion. This sentence is valid for a
limited place. Sometimes, the exception is global. For example, ^ ! (There is no god except Allah).
This is a universe-wide valid statement.
• The audience have some doubt about a person or thing. That doubt is clarified. For example, UN( a E
GK G
qb SK4 (Muhammad is nothing except a prophet). After battle of Ohad, rumors about the martyrdom of the
Prophet were spread. People became astonished due to this rumor. They might have thought about some
divine attributes of Prophet Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W that he should be ever-lasting as a prophet. Allah
clarified it that “Muhammad is only a prophet” i.e. he is not an immortal god. The sentence does not
mean that Prophet Muhammad has no other attribute except his prophethood. Only his attribute of being
immortal is rejected here.

Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify what is limited and which word is used to limit that.
Read the context, if something is not clear.
Analysis - J(T<

They do not deceive except := K $
L 5C& UN( MC SK< 7
= 0 G SKG P 0(U ! U; MC SK<O( 70K
themselves. It limits the impact UN
of their effort to themselves. (2:9) M C K1K #
= 0 G
V
-( ( C UN( !( T( '
( 0K G n()C !( T( (= 0 n()C !( T( '
( 0K
(2:26)
C;< UN( 3b
(2C C E5N( 3( E ( = E (T SK"(1=
(2:45) V 1( R( 7
UN( := gK M N( EJ5(G&C UN( _
2( MC SK;C 1= 0 MC S"G&L := K = G(
(2:78) M C SL 0
UN( EP*KSK* !( *(C-*K E ! U; SL-E* SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
(3:102) M C SK;( $
= GK := K5=&C
(3:135) !K U; UN( _
SK5 K ( = 0 P= G
(5:99) ²
L UN( q( SKE C;< G
PK
= 5 E5N( SLC% }
( 4= jQ J(D K$
( *K := K C 'C "(% CzN(
(2:11) M C SK;( = GK
!K C qL SL-0 E5{(DC n=G&C %C CzN( }
( 4= jQ 8
( S E$ 9K 0(T
(2:117) M L SL2"DC P= L
Worth Reading
The Sermon of Mount delivered by the Prophet Jesus $ 3S; !";<.
Its contents are applicable today. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0009-Mount.htm

Analysis - J(T<

!( T( U'g( &L G ( 0(À7
( :
= C E C "= := 2L "= ;C < E E5N(
(2:173) !( U; ( "= (
J(D MC SL;L B 0 E5N( n;L G" qC SG= &C MC SL;L B 0 P0(U UMN(
(4:10) n45 : = ( 5(SLkTK
!( U; C;< SLSL-* := 2L (0(O J(D SL;= * _ ( 2( 'C g= &C 0
!( U; qL SK4 : 0= G PK T= $"(< ` K "($ E5N( E UN(
(4:171) !K = G( a K4 : 0= G CN( gC-&C !K K ;( C
'( < P= G( d
a = 4( K =+jQ _
K 5Qj K $
( "= K = 7 E5N(
(5:90) M ( Ck"= E#
P= G( 8( "Uk p( O( 1( ( >= &C J(U !( U; C 0(+ E P= G ' %L
S= 0 n (> "5= 3( " J(D SKG P 0(U;( J g( '%L @ ( +=
E E5N( ' %L .MC SK;C 1= 0 H S= -C ( 8 ( 0| 'L C 5K h (C C (G "-(
( "= T( J = : 6( P kC T G = G( C G u ( SC JT4
!( T( q F0K := C G !( U;(T SL( # = *K M &C !( U;(T SL( # = *K M &C
(7:32-33) M C SK;C 1= * G !( U; C;< SLSL-* M &C n5Ck; K
Rule of the Day! The word : is used in two different meanings: (1) To ask a question about number of
quantity, it gives the sense of “How much? How many?”. (2) To express amazement or surprise, it gives
the sense of “Ooh!, Wow! How many!!!!”.
For example, it is used as a question in the following: nG=S0
K ) (C qC C% ) (C := C qC C% (He said, “How long did
I remain?” He replied, “I remained for a day.”), (< I a KL := C (How many books you have?)
It is used to express amazement in the following: !( U; M ( z {(T( 3n
)(C n iCD( = ;C C H ;C "(;%C H iCD( P= G( := C (Ooh! How
many small armies dominated the bigger ones by Allah’s permission), M H = %C P= G( := ( ;( = %C P= G( 2 ;C g= &C := C = 0 := C&C
(Do they not see how many nations We destroyed before them!!!!), P = G( "(D = 5=&C := C } ( 4= jQ CN( = 0 := C &C
¤H ( C
H = + 'L (Do they not see how many venerated couples We have grown in the earth????)

Analysis - J(T<

G
n "(;-C DC := g( ( 2L T( !K U; := K 1 C ' T ?
a ; L KTSL;%L SLC%
(2:88) M C SKG( = 0K
8
( S E$ J(D G !K C ' T !K 5= K nC !K U; C 7E* SLC%
(2:116) M C SK5(C% !K C '§ L }
( 4= jQ
C U;G( ' T ' %L K= * 4 5 = &C nOSKg SK5SL SLC%
(2:135) V ( ( #
= K P= G( MC C G n"( : "(g T=N(
(2:13) MC SK;C 1= 0 P= 2( C y C $ := gK := K E5N( C&
MC SK;1 0K KC C V
A( "E# EP2( C ML "= ;C K C C G
(2:102) = $ ~ E
}
K 4= jQ 8
= $
C C /
H 1= T( := K
1= T ~
E !( U; 9K D O =SC
(2:251) V ( C1 C;< 'H = DC Lz ! U; EP2( C
(2:40) M
( SKg 4= CD
E0N( := L ( = 1 T(
( L& (= 1 T( SLD= &C

pK E0N( UN( MC SK<= * P= G U't
( = J(D := 2L E$G CzN(
n4SLC ML $ 5=6( MC C := Kt
= <= &C CN( := L E,5 E;C DC
(17:67)

E0{(DC b 1 ( J(t4= &C UMN( SKG P 0(U (O<( 0
(29:56) M ( KK<= CD
Rule of the Day!

Sometimes, the 4 G is used to describe number of happenings. It is called 3E 4 G.
It always comes on the structure of b ;C 1= DC e.g. b 1 = A C _K 2( 9 (AL (The book was published
once). ( "(1 3( SC;W
J(D 8
H ="(2* C E( K 2C 5 (We said six takbeers in the Eid prayer). There is
another type of 4 G, which is used to describe the state of something. It is called 4 G
i" . It always comes on the weight of b ;C 1= D( e.g. b "# = G( b$ ; ( etc. In the chapters of 0FG
!"D, sometimes the qS1G is used as 4 G.

Lesson 14B: The Seven Odes – Part I

In this lesson, we shall study the selected verses of the Genius means little more than the faculty
seven famous poems called 8-;1G 9. We’ll provide of perceiving in an unhabitual way.
translation with explanation because some verses are
difficult to understand. Due to their eloquence, they are considered the best of the Arabic poems. They
were hanged with the wall of the Ka’aba. This is not religious literature. Even it includes vulgar content.
Due to the eloquence of such poems help in understanding many I"& of the Quran because the Quran
was revealed in the language used by Arab poets and orators. High quality of a product cannot be realized
without comparing it with poor quality products. When a person compares the Quran with the best of the
best poems of Arabia, he/she realizes the eloquence of the Quran. Moreover, this poetry also provides a
first-hand knowledge about the Pre-Islamic Arabia. Due to these reason, we are forced to read this poetry.
We’ve not included extremely vulgar verses.
((2 , P( T '( 0(SkC d

( "C- ³
K G L-C U;1 GK
Imr-al-Qais (500 – 540CE) is considered one of the great poets of Pre-Islamic period. His father was the
tribal chief of Banu Asad. Instead of becoming a responsible man, he indulged himself into entertainment
activities. He was fond of tourism, hunting trips, dance parties, liquors and poetry. Along with his
companions, he used to enjoy music, liquors and dance parties near the ponds. He used to describe beauty
of women especially his beloved cousin “U’naizah”. Love with women is the main theme of his poetry.
Due to his character, he is given the title of '"; h;f .
Some Arabs revolted against his father and killed him. Then Imr-al-Qais left all these enjoyments, and
tried to gather army from friend-tribes to attack on on his enemies. His family had enmity with Mundhir,
the king of Heerah. It was a buffer state between Arabia and Persia. Imr-al-Qais tried to get support from
the king of Rome. He visited Constantinople. The king sent an army with him but he died near Ankara,
Turkey. The attributes of his poetry include:
1. He uses a lot of metaphors, allegories and figurative speech. At some places, his poetry becomes very
complex and difficult to understand.
2. He is expert in depicting the picture of his beloved women and horses. While discussing women, he
becomes vulgar.
3. His poetry is full of expressing determination and ideas.
The story behind this poem is described by A. J. Arberry in his book “The Seven Odes” as follows:
“Imr-al-Qais fell in love with a his cousin named U’naizah. He sought her company for a long time, but
was no successful in his approaches. Then one day the tribe loaded up their beasts and departed from their
encampment, the men riding ahead while the women with the servants and the baggage lagged behind.
Observing this, Imr-al-Qais hung back also and hid in a hollow to wait for the women, among them
U’naizah, to pass him. When they reached a pool called Dara Juljul, the women said, “Why shouldn’t we
get down here and bathe in this pool? That would freshen us up.” So they alighted there, dismissed the
servants, undressed themselves completely and plunged into the water. Thereupon, Imr-al-Qais stole up
on them unawares, seized their cloths, made a heap of them and sat down on it.

Lesson 14B: The Seven Odes - Part I
Then he shouted, “I won’t give a single one of you girls her clothes, not though she stays in the pool all
day, until she comes out of the water naked and takes her clothes herself.” That they refused to do, till the
day was well advanced and they feared they would never reach the station for which they were making.
Then at last they came out of the pool, all except U’naizah; she adjured him by Allah to throw her, her
cloths, but he would not. So finally she too came out, while he looked at her this way and that. They
women advanced on him crying, “You’ve certainly punished us, keeping us here your prisoners and
starving us!” “Well,” he said, “what if I were to slaughter my camel for you, would you eat of it?”
“Yes”, they shouted. So he drew his sword and hamstrung the beast, then he slaughtered it and stripped
off its flesh. The servants collected a great pile of brushwood and kindled up a mighty fire, and Imr-al-
Qais set on hacking off the choicest pieces of them and throwing them on the glowing embers. The
women ate, and he ate with them, and drank the remainder of the wine he had with him, singing to them
between whiles and flinging on the slaves some of the roast meat.
When they were ready to ride on one of the women cried out, “I’ll carry his saddle-carpet.” “I’ll have his
saddle and girth-thongs.” shouted another. In that way they divided his harnessing and provisions between
them, while U’naizah alone was loaded with nothing at all. “Well, my noble young lady,” Imr-al-Qais said
to her, “There’s nothing you’ll have to carry me with you. I can’t walk all the way.” During that travel, he
expressed his love for U’naizah. He said this poem after that. The incident may not real. It might had
occurred in the imagination of the poet.
Each verse is discussed in three boxes. First box contains the actual verse, second one contains its
translation and the third one contains the commentary. Now read the poem:
'( G S=
D (qSK>E V
T S;
( -($T( ... q( F( = G I
H " (z P= G( h
( = 5 (%
Translation: Stop! Le us weep by recalling the memories of the beloved and her home, situated near the
edge of hill, between Dukhool and Hoomal.
Explanation: %: It is !")*. It may have two meaning: (1) “O my both friends! Stop!” or (2)
Stop! Stop!.” It is also common in the Arabic literature to use !")* to call a single person. In such case, it
gives the sense of repetition. An example in the Quran is M
( SK1( 4= _4 qC C% 8
K S= := gK &C Q CzN( E . Allah
is only One but the plural word M
( SK1( 4= is in meaning of “Return me! Return me! Return me!”.
-(: The last edge of sand. S; : Twisted and curved. A depiction of sand hills and mounds.
'( G S= (qSK>E : Two places
q( R _
H SK P(G =,
$5 C ... K= 4 ?
K 10 ´ 3( -f( D `
t( SKD
Translation: (The home of beloved) was situated between Tudhih and Miqrat. Its signs are not erased
because wind blows from its North and South.
Explanation: 3( -f(
`
t( SK*: Two places. The S;
( -( was situated among these four places. :K = 4 : The
signs of a ruined home e.g. bricks etc. V ®$5: Opposite direction of two winds. The signs of that
place were not erased because if the Northern winds take some sand, the opposite Southern winds bring
that sand back and vice versa. It may be figurative meaning that the signs of her love are not erased from
my heart because opposite feelings like winds of North & South are keeping her love alive in my heart.

'( L ; DL I !K E5B (51"% ... (*W< ± ( 4| 1 T *

Translation: You see droppings of white deer in its courtyard (of her home) and the land surrounding it,
as they are grains of pepper.
Explanation: 1 T: Dung or dropping of an animal. ( 4| : White deer. Its singular if :4. Usually inhabits
in desert. 8
( W<: Courtyard of a home. W< is its singular. M( 1"%: Land surrounding a home. Singular
%. The family of U’naizah moved to another place as they were nomads. The poet expresses his grief
when he looks at her home. An inhabited home converted to a lonely place. Droppings of a wild animal in
a courtyard indicate the loneliness of a home. The poet has described “white deer” because it like
loneliness as compared to other beasts. He has also equated its droppings with the grains of black pepper.
'C ?
K %( 5 J.
C 8
( K ... SL;E
* S0 (V 3C C J5B
Translation: When they loaded their luggage (on animals to move) on the morning of separation, I was
(weeping) like that person who is near the acacia trees of the tribe and flipping colocynth.
Explanation: V
( 3C C: The morning of separation. Separation from one’s beloved is the time of extreme
grief. 8
( K : Acacia tree. J.C : Tribe. 'C ?
K %( 5: One flicking colocynth with his nails to get its nut.
The poet has described the condition of his weeping along with the metaphor of a person flicking
colocynth because tears come out of his eyes due to its bitter fumes.
'( E,
* x&C h
= ;( * :MC SS-0 ... := K E"k( G EJ;< J(
=W (T nDSL%K
Translation: My companions standing at spot on their mounting animals said to me: “Don’t kill yourself
due to grief, be patient in a nice way.”
Explanation: nDSL%K : Standing. It is _S G because it is q .
x&C: Extreme sorrow, grief, depression. It is _S G because it is the reason or ! qS1G.
'( E,
*: Be patient in a nice way. In Quran, it is mentioned that when the sons of Prophet Jacob 3S; !";<
$ came to him with the shirt of Prophet Joseph and told that a wolf has killed him, he said: a = DC
MC SL( * G C;< ML 1$
= K !K U; 'b "( .
q( ES1 GK PG ~
H 4( O :H = 4 = < 'D ... b %C GK 3b = < J(R sMN
Translation: (I reply to my companions) My cure is in these shed tears. (Then I come out of my emotions
and become rational and say: Yes! You are right. I should not weep because) Is there any helper near the
extinguishing signs?
Explanation: 3b = <
: Tears. b %C GK : Shed, pouring out. ~
H 4( O: Extinguishing. q( ES1 GK : Helper, supporter.
The poet refuses to stop weeping and says that the cure of his grief is in tears. When he comes out of his
emotions and thinks in a realistic manner, he realizes that there is no benefit of weeping and moaning.

'( B T( _
( TE &L (*4 ... C;C%
( ( 0=S
K &L P= G( h
T(& C
Translation: (O Imr-al-Qais!) Your habit was similar in case of Umm-ul-Huwairith and her neighbor
Umm-ur-Rabaab before at Ma’sil.
Explanation: _
( &O : Habit. '( B G : A mountain, if it is read as '( ( B G , it is the name of a spring.
Now, the poet relieves himself by recalling his two earlier affairs. It depicts his lousy character.
'( L 5= -C E0 T( 8
= Q E : "$5 ... K= G( h
K $
= f(
ES
* G % zN
Translation: When both of them used to stand, the musk was coming from them as the breeze scatters the
fragrance of carnation.
Explanation:
ES
*: It spreads. E : "$5: Breeze, light wind. E04 : Fragrance. '( L 5= -C : Carnation, a
plant.
J;(G EJ1 GO U'T E (

= E ;< ... n TW JG P( "= 1
K SGKO
= t
CDC
Translation: The tears of my eyes oozed out due to extreme love and flew down to my chest, until my
tears wetted my case of sword.
Explanation: n TW: Extreme love, ardent love. It is _S G because it is ! qS1G. An example of ! qS1G
from the Quran is 8
( S= 4 C ( <( SE P= G( := ( 5( Cz J(D := K 1 T(WC& MC SL;1 ,
= 0 (They put their fingers in their ears
due to fear of death from the thunderbolt).
U'T: It wetted. J;(G: My sword-case. Usually the sword case was tied at the lower chest.
'( ,
K ; K 3( 4( T( H S0 "( ... `
H (W EPK = G( Ë H S0 E_4K C&
Translation: Beware! Many days with these women were joyful, especially the day of “Daratul Juljul”
has no similarity.
Explanation: E_4K : Many. "( : There is no similarity.
In order to relieve himself, the poet recalls his memories of the incident of “Daratul Juljul” when he stole
their dresses and enjoyed with them. Since many of this days spent with them were good, so it doesn’t
matter that a day of separate has saddened him.
'( E
g(4S= L P= G( n,< "CD ... J(E"k( G 4 C1 ; 8
K = -C < S0
Translation: The day, when I slaughtered my mounting camel for the virgins. What an amazement!!!
(The reason of that amazement) was that its saddle was loaded on the other camels.
Explanation: 8
K = -C < : I slaughtered. In the Quran, it is mentioned := ( T4 ( G= &C P= < =S< C %C E K-C 1 DC .
4 C1 : The virgin girls. 4< is its singular. g(4S= L : Its saddle.
In order to relieve himself, the poet recalls his memories of the incident of “Daratul Juljul” when he stole
their dresses and enjoyed with them. Since many of this days spent with them were good, so it doesn’t
matter that a day of separate has saddened him.

'( EC K d
( - G _
( EK :H
= R ... (
= ;C T P "= ( *0 4 C1 s'C D
Translation: The virgin girls started throwing the meat and fat of camel to each other which had long
lashes like twisted silk.
Explanation: P
"= ( *0: They threw. :H
= R : Fat. _
( EgK : Edges. d
( - G : Silk. '( EC K : Twisted.
J;(= GK h
E5N 8
K 0S h
C :
= -D ... 3H F "<K 4 = >( 4= 7
(
K ;>O S0
Translation: The day, when I entered to the howdah, the chamber of U’naizah. She said: Woe on you!
You are going to make me walking.
Explanation: 4
=7( : Howdah, a chamber on the back of a camel. The second 4> is qT. Its examples are
common in the Quran e.g. !( CN( CN( 9 ;( UABCDC 8
( S E$ _
= &C _= jQ eL ;L T=&C J;1 C n =W
J( P( T= ML Gg 0 ML S= < = D( qC C%
SKG.
8
K 0S h C: Woe on you! It is a style of expressing love or hatred. It depends on the tone of speaker.
J;(= GK : The one who causes other to walk on foot.
When they moved, Imr-al-Qais did not have any camel. He entered into the chamber of U’naizah. She
said, you are going to make me walk on foot because the camel will not bear the burden to two persons. It
will die and I’ll be without any mounting animal.
q( F( 5=D (d"- &G 0 (1T 8

= -C < ... n1G T
L "= ( qC G = %C LqS-*
Translation: She was saying: “The saddle has bent towards one side due to our burden. O Imr-al-Qais!
You’ve slaughtered my camel, go down!!!!”
Explanation: q C G: It bent.

L "= ( : The saddle. (1T 8
= -C < : You slaughtered my camel. It is a metaphor
for creating problem. Confirm events of future are described in the past tense. The camel had not yet died
but “You killed” means that it will definitely die. In the last Surahs of the Quran, the incidents of the
Hereafter are described in past tense to depict their inevitability.
'( U;1 K ( P= G( J(0(1K* ... !K G G(+ J>=4&C ="( :C

K ;L-D
Translation: I said to her: Continue traveling and loosen its reins. Don’t create a distance between me and
your abundant fruits.
Explanation: !K G G(+ J>=4&C: Loosen its reins. J(0(1K* : Don’t create a distance for me. ( : Your fruits.
'( U;1 K : Of huge quantity or number
The poet compares U’naizah with a tree. He asks her to keep traveling in this way and allow him to
continue getting benefit from her company.

'( "= GK : (* z P= < K"= BD ... 9H t

( = GK
K %AC = % ;= K h
( ;( )(D
Translation: I have come at night time to pregnant and suckling women. I have made them careless about
their amulet-wearing beloved (child).
Explanation: ;= K : Pregnant.
K %AC : I came at night time. 9H t
( = GK : Mothers feeding their children by
breasts. It is used in masculine because it is well-known that only a woman can suckle at child. Using
masculine words for females is common in Arabic. In the Quran, its example is !( T( a k ( C = GK y E$ . Heavens
are feminine in Arabic but a masculine adjective is used for them.
K "= &: I deviated, I seduced.
: (*: Amulets. Arabs used to hang amulets to their children in order to prevent them from an evil-eye or
demons. Islam forbade that and asked to pray from Allah instead of such polytheistic practice.
'( "= GK : beloved. The poet describes his lousy character to win his beloved. He describes his art of seduction
that he can even seduce pregnant and feeding women. Usually such women have less desire for sex. The
poet is so expert in the art of seduction that they ignore their beloved children due to his seduction. He is
expressing such filthy character as a pride. If a modern shameless lover tries to do so, his beloved will tell
the lesson. This may not be a real incident. All this may happen in the imagination of the poet.
'( U;
*K :C n C ;
= C J;< ... 8
= 4 U1 * I
( ")C2 ( = C ;< nG=S0
Translation: One day, at the top of a mound, she forced me by swearing an oath, which had no exception.
Explanation: I
( ")C2 : Mound, hill. J;< 8
= 4 U1 *: She forced me.
= C: She swore.
Once, she swore in a way, that it was not possible to break that oath. There was no way to come out of this
oath.
J;=D J G=W

( 1G+= &C %
( = L MN ... '( E g /
1= T n= G :A( D&
Translation: O Fatima (real name of U’naizah)! Slow down! After this flirtation, if you have determined
to cut the relation with me, then do it in a nice way.
Explanation:
n = G : Slow down! Do slowly. '( E : Flirtation.
( 1G+= &C: You are determined. =W
: Cutting
'( 1 0 I
;C- KGB * G h
( E5& ... J;*% h
( E K sM& JG ( EC &C
Translation: You are deceived by (a false belief about) me that your love is killing me and whatever you
instruct my heart, it will do.
Explanation:
( EC &C: You are deceived.
Face the Challenge!

Identify five reasons for using a common noun.

'( $
K = * h
( T(" P= G J(T"( J;$
K DC ... b -C ";> JG h
( *=Q = %C h
K * M {D
Translation: If you consider my character bad, then pull my heart out of your heart in order to separate
them.
Explanation: b -C ";>: Habit, character. J;
K : Pull out. '( $
K = *: It separates.
According to some experts, here the word _S is used in figurative sense. It means “heart”.
'( E-C GK I
H ;C% 4( #<= &C J(D h
( "= $
T( ... J(T(
= sN ( "<
= DC 4 zC G
Translation: Your both eyes shed tears to shoot your arrows in the parts of my heart in order to kill it.
Explanation: = DC 4 zC : She shed tears. : = : Arrow. 4( #<= &C: Parts. '( E-C GK : Killed.
The poet has compared the tears with the arrows which kill the heart.
'( ,
1KG
C (T SH C P(G
K 1= E * ... gK£(> K K0 4H = >( (
"T
Translation: There are many beautiful protected women living in tents (who contain themselves in tents
and do not deal with men), it is not possible to enter into their tent but I have enjoyed playing with them
without any hastening.
Explanation: (
"T: Egg. 4H = >( : Tent, howdah. K K0: It is desired, it is possible. gK£(>: Her tent.
K 1= E *: I
enjoyed. SH C: Playing. ' (, 1KG: Hastening.
The poet has used the parable of ‘egg’ to depict the beauty of a woman. All animals protect their eggs in
sand, nests, or other places. In Arab literature, this parable is used for the beautiful women who are pure
and protected like eggs. This parable indicates the height of their morality and character. The same
parable is used in the Quran for the women in the Paradise i.e. / a "= T EPK E5BCC .V
a <(
( = Uk 8
K W
( C% := gK = <(
Mb SK2 G .
J;-G MC $
( 0K S nW ( EJ;< ... n#1G "CN n = &C 8
K += ,*
Translation: I passed the guards and tribe in order to reach her. They had a strong desire to kill me
secretly.
Explanation: 8
K += ,*: I passed. n = &C: Security guards. n#1G: Group of people, nation, tribe. nW ( :
Greedy, having strong desire.
'( E Lf
( R(S ( C& }
1 * ...
= t
E1 * ( E$ ± 0 ) G zN
Translation: (I visited her) at the time when the Venus appeared on sky. Its appearance was similar to a
necklace on which pearls are fixed at a distance from each other.
Explanation: 0 ) : Venus, a star.
= t
E1 *: It appeared. ( C&: Similar to, at the time of. '( E Lf
( R(S : A
necklace in which pearls are fixed at some distance with each other. The poet has compared the line of
stars with the pearls in a necklace.

'( C K C $

= ( sN ( $ C ... T"( H S=
= E5 % Ki ,
( DC
Translation: I came (to her at the time) when she stripped all clothes from her except the night gown. She
was standing near the curtain.
Explanation:
= E5: She stripped off. ( $ : Curtains. '( C K : Night gown.
J;,= * C 0 S h
< 4&C M N G ... b ;C "= ( h
C G !( U; V
0 :
= C-CD
Translation: She said: “By God! There is no excuse for you. I do not think that anything can acquit you
from this error.
Explanation: V
0: Vow, oath. b ;C "= ( : Excuse. C 0 S : Error, sin, seduction. J;,= *: You become acquitted.
'( E GK ¦
H = G( 'C 0=zC 0C& ;< ... 5Q 4 ,
K * J#GC& (T
K = >
Translation: I came out with her and started walking. She was wiping our footprints at our back with her
embroidered shawl.
Explanation: ,
K *: It runs. 0C&: Our footprints. 'C 0=zC : Tail. ¦
H = G( : Shawl. '( E GK : Embroidered.
Some Arabs were expert in investigation by looking at footprints. She wiped her shawl on the footprints to
remove them. This incident may not be real. It may be just imagination of the poet.
'( -C C-<
H -( z
H = > PK k T T ... 5 J
C 5=F &C E;C D
Translation: When we crossed the courtyard of Hayyi Tribe and reached at a quite valley surrounded by
hills who had tightly fixed sand.
Explanation: 5=F
&C: We crossed. C : Courtyard. 5 : We leaned / reached. PK k T: Valley.
H = > : Quiet.
H -( : Mounds, hills. This is also the name of a Quranic Surah

- j . '( -C C-<: Sand tightly fixed.
'( U;
fL
K C (
K 5 g C ... 3H K T( }
( " 3( 5-K ( 2 (C
Translation: She is like that virgin whose white color is mixed with yellow. Her food is clean water on
which nobody is allowed to used it.
Explanation: ( 2
T(: The first one from a category, virgin. 3( 5-Lf : Mixed. 3H W
K : Yellow.
K 5: Clean. '( U;
fL :
Which is allowed. Yellowish white skin is an 341 for beauty. It may be a parable of an egg whose
yellow yolk is mixed with its white part.

'( ( k GK 3C u
( P= G 3H ( T ... J-* 'H "= ( &C P= < K* K *
Translation: She turns away and shows her cheek. She protects herself and looks like a wild deer of
Wajrah having a baby.
Explanation: K *: She turns away.
K*: She shows. 'H "= ( &C: Cheek. J-*: She protects with a shield. This
word is commonly used in the Quran. 3C : A place. '
( ( k GK : One having a baby.
When she turns away, her cheek appears due to turning her face. She looks like a wild deer who has a
baby. Deer of Wajrah were beautiful. A mother deer looks in a very careful manner.
'( Uk1 K T( K!= E 5 J g zN ... u

H ( (T d
" :( 0= ( "= ,
( C H "= (
Translation: Her neck is like that of a white deer. It is not excessive. When she raises it, it is not without
ornaments.
Explanation:
H "= ( : Neck. It is also used in the Quran H $
G P= G( 'b = g( "( J(D. u
H ( D : Excessive, beyond
limit.
= E 5: She raises. '( Uk1 GK : Without ornaments. The neck of the beloved woman is compared with that
of a deer but the difference is that it is neither crossing the limits nor without ornaments.
'( 2( ) 1 fL ( ;C 7
= S( = -( C r
H "C& ... :H ( D O S = &C P PK 0F0
H = DC
Translation: Her deep-black hair are adorning her back. They are huge in quantity like a branch of a date-
palm tree full of fruit.
Explanation:
H = DC : Hair. P : Back of human body. :H ( D: Deep black. r H "C&: Abundant. S( = %( : Fruit. It is
also used in the Quran ' ( 2( ) 1 fL .b "5( O M
b S= %( 1( ; AC P= G( '( 7
= E =PG( : A branch having fruit.
'( = GK x )CGK ± ¾
K C-1( '
( *K ...
C 1K oN 8
a 4(F#
= $
= GK pK K ( C
Translation: When her bunches of hair are raised, her cluster of hair at back of head wanders between her
two bunches and hair of forehead.
Explanation: K ( C: Bunch of hair bundled by a ribbon or thread. 8
a 4(F#
= $
= GK : Raising. '
( *K: It wanders, it
hides. ¾K C-1( : Cluster of hair at back of head. x )CGK : Two bunches of hair. '( = GK : Hair of forehead.
It is a depiction of her excessive hair.
'( C * P< = k( * ´ K K5 ... (R (D @

SD h
( $(f
K "= (DL JK*
Translation: She (sleeps) until the late morning. Pieces of musk like on her bed. She sleeps at morning
time and does not need to tie a belt on work cloths.
Explanation:
K "= (DL : Pieces. = k( * ´: She does not tie a belt. '( C *: Additional cloths (cloths used at work).
There are three 8 41 which depict abundance of wealth. (1) She sleeps until late morning. (2) She
does not need to work like servants who tie a belt around their work cloths. (3) She is so rich that
expensive pieces of musk lie on her bed.

'(
( = N h
K 0$G & JH (C 9K 04C& ... !K E5B PH #
R
(¬
H >= T SLk1*
Translation: She picks with soft (fingers) which are not hard. They are like the earthworms of Zabee or
like the cleaning sticks of Ishil.
Explanation: SLk1*: She picks. ¬ H >= 4 : Soft & tender. PH #
R : Hard. 9K 04C&: Earthworms, plural of &.
JH (C : A place. h
K 0$G : Stick for cleaning teeth, plural of S$G. '( ( = N: A tree whose branches are soft.
The poet has described two parable of her fingers. (1) Earthworms because they are soft and tender. (2)
Soft branches of a tree. The poet should be applauded for comparison with earthworms.
'( GK I
H g 4 $= GK 3L 4 G ... E5BC ( #(1T s y JK*
Translation: At night, she enlightens in darkness like the night fire of a God-oriented monk.
Explanation: y JK*: She enlightens. 3L 4 G: A lamp. $= GK : At evening. I
H g 4: A monk. One who leaves
the world and spend his life in jungles. The Quran has described in monasticism of Christians: n E"5(g= 4
:= ( "= ;C < g= C GgSK< T= . '( GK : One who totally submit himself to God. It is also used in the Quran = L z

n "(= * !( "= CN( ' E* h T4 : = . Monks used to lit fire at a high place in order to guide travelers. The poet is
describing it as a parable of the face of his beloved.
q( S ,
= G(
H 4= O( V
T8
= E2C G zN ... n TW :K ";C. SK50 (;)(G oN
Translation: A decent person (having self-control) also stares at a woman similar to her with strong
desire as she stands between an old woman and a little girl.
Explanation: SK50: He stares at. n TW: With strong desire. 8
= E2C : She stands.
H 4= O( : Shirt of a young
woman. q
( S ,
= G( : Shirt of a little girl. It is depiction of her age. She is neither too old nor too young.
'$KT( g Sg P= <
= O D d
"C ... P( < q( 8
K 0<
= U;$
*
Translation: Unreasonable attitude of people at young age ends (with maturity). But her love cannot be
removed from my heart.
Explanation:
= U;$
*: It ends. 8
K 0<: Blindness, unreasonable attitude. : Young age. g Sg: Her love,
her desire. In the Quran, it is said about the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W, S P
= < K k( = 0 G . '$KG: Ended.
'( *KG
( C !( ( 1* ;< `
H " 5 ... !K *KO= O 4 S&C h
( "D :H = > E_4K &
Translation: Behold! Many persons came to debate with me harshly about you, they were admonishing
and reproaching me about it but I returned them without paying a heed.
Explanation: :
H= > : One who debates a lot. In the Quran, it mentioned : :a "( > S gK Cz{(DC H C k 5K P= G( MC $5(6 ;C >
V
a (GK . S&C: One who debates a lot. `H " 5: Well-wisher. One who admonishes. q( 1*: Reproaching.
'( *KG: One who cares. It is an expression of his firmness in his love affair.

J;" ( SKK
( S=5BCT J;< ... !K CK >4= &C (
=
( SC 'H "C
Translation: The night like a wave of sea loosened its curtains (of troubles) on me along with different
kinds of grieves in order to test me.
Explanation: >4= &C: It loosens. q
C K: Curtain. ( SKK : Grief, troubles. J;": So that it tests. It is widely
used in the Quran n0(R
n F+( SLF( +K MC SKG( = K J ;( KT= h
(gK .
'( 2C ; 2C T Q 5 n+,=<&C
O 4= &C ... !( (; K T( Uk * C !K C

K ; -L DC
Translation: I said to it (night) at the time when it stretched its back, it brought its buttocks out and it
stretched its chest.
Explanation: Uk *: It stretched. I
( ; W
K : Back.
O 4= &C: It brought out. n+,=<&C: Buttocks. Q 5: It stretched .

'( 2C ; C : Chest
The poet has described the night as it is a young woman who stretches her body.
'( )CG= BCT( h

= G(
K W
= 6 G H`= K T( ... '( ,
5= & 'L 0Ssk 'L "s; 0&C C&
Translation: Behold! O long night! Behold! Become clear and become morning. But morning is not
better than you.
Explanation: ' (, 5= : Become clear. '( )CG= &C: Better. The poet addresses the night and asks it to end. Then he
realizes that the morning will not be better than night for him because his continue to suffer from grief.
q( = :W
K oN MH C ~
( GBT ... !K G SK,5K UMB 'H "C P G( h
C "DC
Translation: What happened you to you??? O Night! It is like that its stars are tied with a linen rope with
the back of rocks.
Explanation: h
C 0: What happened to you?? An expression of amazement. ~
( G&: Rope, cord. MH C :
Linen. :W
K : Back. q( = : Rock.
It is difficult for the poet to pass the night. He gives a parable of the length of night as its stars are tied
with rocks with a strong cord that they are not going to disappear.
'( E G qH SLzC JG( 'H g( ;< ... G <(

K ; 1 H S%&C ( T= %(
Translation: I have put the straps of water bag (the burden) of nations on my shoulders which are ready
to carry this burden.
Explanation: ( T= %( : Water bag. <( : Straps. 'H g( : Shoulder. qH SLzC : Obedient, ready. In the Quran, it is
mentioned
n SLzC } 4= jQ := 2L C 'C 1 (U S gK . '( E G: Carrying a burden.
It is an expression of his firmness and bravery that he is willing for face any problem.

'( E"1 K 9( ";7 S10 I

K s !( T( ... !K K1= kC% H %C ( "= 1
( S= ,
C OH
Translation: (I am so brave that) I pass through an empty valley which is like a hollow belly of a donkey.
(It is so uninhabited that) the wolf howls like that person who has a big family but he has lost everything
in a gamble.
Explanation: OH : Valley.
( S= : Hollow belly. ( "= 1 : Donkey. H %C : Empty.

K 1= kC%: I passed through. S10:
It howls. 9
( ";7 : One who looses a gamble. '( E"1 K : Having big family.
q( ES * C
M N ( 'L ";C% ... 5B R UMN :S< C !K C
K ; -L DC
Translation: When it howled, I said to it: “Surely, the condition of both of us is poor provided that you
have not yet become rich.”
Explanation: q ( ES *: You become rich. The poet expresses his lack of wealth by comparing his position
with that of the wolf and says: “I am also poor like you. If you’ve become rich at some stage of your life,
you might be better than me.”
q( F( = 0 hC= J=
(
= 0 P= G ... !K *CD&C ni="R qC 5 G zN 5(
Translation: (O Wolf!) Behold! Whenever one of us gets something, he loses it. Whoever will earn
something like earning of you & me will waste it away.
Explanation: !K *CD&C: He loses it.
(
= 0: He earns. q( F( = 0: He wastes. The word means agricultural
produce. It is used in the Quran as earning in figurative way.
I
H "( 5 P= G( 3( >( | JD( !K C G = G( !( *(K5 "5=
C = K 0(0K MC C P= G !( (= J(D !K C O= F( 5 3( >( |
C = K 0(0K MC C P= G
The poet describes his extravagance that whatever wealth he earns, he wastes it by spending on liquor and
prostitutes. It is a real depiction of his lavishness.
'( 2C "= g ( T( j ( "= %C O( ,= K T( ... (*L K J(D K "= sk & %
Translation: I start my morning by traveling on a very big horse, who is very fast and whose hair are
short and whose grip is like that of wild beasts.
Explanation: &: I go in the morning. (*
L K : Their nests. O( ,= GK : Fast-running and having small hair.
( T( j ( "= %C :
Grip of wild beasts. '( 2C "= g : A very big horse. After describing his passion for love and
steadfastness, now the poets describe his adventurism.
'( < P= G( 'L "= E$ !K Uk H 7

=W
O( SK; ,
K C ... n1G H T(= GK 'H (- GK C G( 2C G(
Translation: (My horse is the one which) attacks, escapes, move forward and backward at one time. It is
(as fast as) a big stone of a rock falling down from height along with the water of a flood.
Explanation: 2
C G( : One who attacks. C G( : One who escapes. 'H (- GK : One who moves forward. O( SK; K : A big
stone. !K Uk
: Falling down. '( < : Height, actually it is S;< but its is deleted to maintain the rhyme.

q( FK (T y S

( U+ C ... !( (= G q( P< K = ; q F( 0
H "L
Translation: It is a chestnut horse (having red brown hair). If a mat of wool is put on its back, it slips like
the water of rain slipping from a slippery rock.
Explanation:
H "L : Chestnut. q F( 0: It removes, slips down. K = ; : A mat of wool. y S : A slippery
stone. q
( FK : Rain coming down.
'( = G( JK ; C !K "K= !( "D w
zN ... !K G F(g= UMBC w
H E" '( TC ;<
Translation: Despite of its thin body, it is highly excited. When it agitates, its speed is like the heat of a
boiler in which a liquid is boiling.
Explanation: '( TC : Being thin. w

H E" : More excited. F(g= : Speed. w
: It agitated. JK = : Heat. JK ; C :
Boiling. '
( = G( : Boiler. The excitement of the horse is compared with that of a boiler.
'( E GK I
H "= #
T( H E ( 3L 4 <K ... p( (
= T( 8
( 0O( v Q G(O sMB
Translation: The blood of wild animals blots its chest like the extract of henna on combed hair.
Explanation: 8
( 0O( v : Wild animals. 3L 4 <K : Juice, extract. H E ( : Henna, a natural hair dyer. I
H "= R :
White hair. '( E GK : Combed. The poet describes the usefulness of his horse in hunting. The horse is so
quick that when the rider hunts an animal, it reaches near the game before its blood oozes out. The blood
dyes the hair of the chest of the horse like henna.
'( U;2C GK JH = ± P( 0= " 9( = ;C C ... !K

"= G( h
0(4&L n%=T *
( W&C
Translation: O my friend! Do you see thunderbolt? Or should I show you its flash in the gathered clouds
like the shine of quickly-moving hands?
Explanation:
( W: My friend! _ is omitted due to balance the verse. / "= G( : Flash of thunderbolt. 9( = C
P( 0= " : Shine of quickly-moving hands. ÂH : Clouds. '( U;2C GK : Gathered.
After describing his horse and hunting trip, now the poet describes rain and thunderbolt.
q( = ,
T( n="#
( G sN nLA&L C ... H ;C 7
= 5
( T( = K = 0 := C Q "= *
Translation: At Taima, it (the rain) neither left a single trunk of date palm tree nor any building except
the one constructed by stones.
Explanation: Q "= *: A town in North Arabia. nLA&L: Building. n="#

( G : Constructed. q( = : Stone.
The poet describes the heavy rain of desert. It did not leave any date-palm tree and destroyed all the
houses except the firmly fixed buildings.

'( EGF GK OH ,(T ± ~

H 5&L
K (C ... !( ;( T= V
( 5( < ± n="(C UMBC
Translation: In the heavy drops of that rain, Thabeer mountain looked like the elder of people wrapped in
a shawl.
Explanation: n(C: A mountain. V ( 5( < : Big drops of rain. '( T= : Heavy rain. OH : Shawl. '( EGF GK : Wrapped.
The rain was so heavy that a mountain looked like a man enwrapped in a shawl. This word is also used in
the Quran
n "(;%C UN( 'C "= U; := %L !'L GEFK 0&C 0.
'( K = <K u
K "= T(5&C S= -L !( (4= BCT( ... n E"#
( < C%= C !( "D
$ UMBCC
Translation: At night, on distant sides (of the city, the dead bodies of) wild beasts of prey drowned (in the
flood) looked like onions dropped in excavations.
Explanation: S= -L 4= &C: Distant sides. u

K "= T(5&C: Unearthed, excavations. '( K = <K : Onion. The rain was
so heavy that the beasts of prey died by drowning into flood. The poet has described their dead bodies as
onions dropped on ground.
Face the Challenge!

You’ve seen how one of the great Arab poet describes a woman, a horse and rain. Now read 34S
804 34S 80O1 34S P= of the Quran and compare its eloquence with that of the poetry.
This will reveal you the miracle of the Quranic Eloquence.
Worth Reading
How to conduct work for Islamic Da’wah? How a Da’wah strategy should be
developed? The article is in Urdu
language.http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0005-00-Dawat.htm
Rule of the Day!

The word '§ L is used to emphasize that all of the them did something e.g. := K ;L L 2C ( ,
$
DC (All of
the angels prostrated) etc.

2 1 PT DA L -C U;1 GK

Tarfah Ibn A’bd Al-Bakari (d. 552 CE) is also considered one of the great poets of Pre-Islamic period. He
used to live in the area of Bahrain (present-day Eastern Saudi Arabia). His father died and his uncles
seized his property. He spent his money extravagantly on liquors and women. When he became poor, he
moved to the kingdom of Heera on the border of the Persian Empire and became a courtier of the king
A’mr Ibn Al-Hind. He failed to achieve a big rank in the court of the king. He wrote a poem against the
king. The king ordered to kill him due to that poem.
The attributes of his poetry include:
1. He is expert in depicting the picture of anything. He has expressed the picture of his camel in his
Mu’allaqah.
2. He has also described his philosophy is his poetry.
( " ( g ± :( R= S J% KS;L * ... ( = C ( %C = KT( qb
C A &C C CS7(
Translation: The ruins of the home of Khaula (the assumed beloved of the poet) at the rocky area of
Thahmad appear like the remnants of a tattoo on the skin of hand.
Explanation: q
bC A &C: Ruins. ( %C = TK: Rocky land. :( R= S : Tattoo.
= 0 n4=SAC
K s à 4K S,0 ... PH G( 0 P( T V
( ( P= G( & H "(= <
Translation: (The howdah of the camels of my beloved is like) the boats of Adauliyah or the boats of Ibn
Yamin. The sailor sails them straight or bent on one side.
Explanation: H "(= < : A type of boat. PH G( 0 P( T : A boat manufacturer. V
( ( : Boats. 4K S,0: He sails.
K sfC
: Sailor. n4=SAC : Bent on one side. Contrary to other poets, Tarfah uses the metaphors related to sea because
he used to live in a coastal area. He has used the metaphor of a boat for the howdah of camel.
( K = TK K = C !K 5BCC HI ( ;< ... K*B $

5 M( 46(
( SCB MH SKG&C
Translation: The back of (my camel is) like the planks of a big box. It is protected from stumbling. I
drove it on a road which was like the back of a stripped off blanket.
Explanation: M H SKG&C: Protected. M( 46( : Box. 8
K B $
5: I drove. I
H ( : Stumble. ( K = TK: Stripped off blanket.
The poet compares the back of his camel with wooden planks. He also compares the road with the stripes
of a blanket. It indicates his knowledge about the roads because the roads are complex like the stripes of a
blanket.
Worth Reading
Modern testing techniques have a direct relationship with jealousy. How?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0012-Jealousy.htm

O( E GK ?
H "KG TT K5BC ... ("(D /
K E 'C &L M( (7DC v
Translation: It (the camel) has two thighs perfectly filled with meat. They are like the two parts of an
elegant high gate.
Explanation: M
( (7DC : Two thighs. /
K E : Full of meat. ?
H "KG: High. O( E GK : Elegant
The poet compares the thighs of his camel with the two parts of a big gate.
( G = -C T( O #*K ì P= C 2 KC ... T4 : $

% &C JG 3( kC = -C C
Translation: It (the camel) is like a Roman arch whose owner has taken the oath to watch it until it is
plastered.
Explanation: 3( k
C = %C Q: Arch. P= C 2 KC: It will be watched. O #*K: It is erected. ( G = %C : Plaster. The poet has
compared the protection of his camel with that of a Roman arch under construction. It seems that Roman
construction was famous at his time.
O( E,
0K := C pK %C J(5"
( ($C ... a C #(G JG# ~
( CA= -( C ¡>
Translation: Its cheek is like Syrian paper and its lip is like Yemeni leather whose production has not yet
finished.
Explanation: a C #(G: Camel’s lip.
( (: Leather. pK %C : Its make. O( E,
0K ´ : It has not yet finished. At that
time, paper of Syria and leather of Yemen was considered the finest.
( W
= G
( C ;< $GC& S nT GK ... !K C> nD=S> d
K E !( "CN
= R
Translation: (When a person rides on it, his) heart becomes excited due to fear (camel) and it thinks that
I’ll be attacked. Although it goes on a way which has no watching post.
Explanation: !( "CN
= R : It becomes excited due to it. qC >: He thinks. nT GK : Attacked. ( W = G :
Watching post. The poet describes the quality of his camel that I can travel with it through a barren jungle
where everyone becomes scary without a real fear of watching robbers. In the Quran : = gK KK = := gK L>K
H W
= G U'L := K C K1K % and nOW= G(
= 5C : E UMN(.
( U;*&C :C ' $
&C := ;C DC K"K< ... J(E5&C
K ;(> xD PG S% K S- zN
Translation: When my nation said, “Who is young man?” (to send a brave young man on a mission). I
think that I have been pointed out. I do not become lazy and I do not become dull.
Explanation: xD: Young boy. K "K<: I have been pointed. ' $
&C: I become lazy. ( U;*&C: I become dull.
The poet, describes the ideal character of an Arab who should be available to the call of his nation for any
national cause.

( D( 4C& K S- ( D( = $0 ìG P= 2( ... n DC 7G

( q( U
T(
K $
= C
Translation: I am not the one who hides in hills due to fear. But (I am the one) who supports when the
nation ask for help.
Explanation: q( U : Dissolver, one who hides.
( : Hill, mound. ( D( = $0: He asks for help.
( k *
( "5 SC. ± J(= (-* M N ... J(-C ; * ( S= -C ( -C ;C ± J(* M N
Translation: If you search me in a circle of the nation, you’ll find me. And if you search for me at wine
shops, you’ll find me.
Explanation: J(*: You need me. J(= (-*: You try to hunt me (i.e. search for me.)
( "5 SC. : Wine
shops.
( k * : You’ll hunt (find) me. This indicates the ideal character of a young Arab. Support for their
nation and enjoying wine were considered their ideals.
( E K 9( "(DE
( " 3( 4= z( oN ... J(%( K* 9K "Cº J.
C ( ;0 M N
Translation: If entire tribe gathers, you’ll find me in the summit of a lofty and firmly established house
(i.e. family).
Explanation:
( ;0: They gather. 9K "Cº J.
C : Entire tribe. 3( 4= z( : Summit. ( E fL : Firmly established.
Being proud of one’s family was the most important attribute of Arabian mentality.
( $
,KG OH = TK P "= T "C;<
K K* ... b "C% (S,C /
a "(T
G 5
Translation: My friends are as white (handsome) as stars. And there is a singer & dancer who comes to
us wearing a shawl and clothes fitted to her body.
Explanation:
G 5: My friends. b "C%: A slave girl expert in singing & dancing.
K K*: She comes to us.
OH = TK: Shawl. $,KG: Clothing fit to body.
(;C KG J0CA J%5N J1"T ... J(*sC 4 SKl
L J(T #* qC + G
Translation: My drinking of wine, my enjoyment (of parties), my selling and spending my earned and
inherited wealth continued.
Explanation: J0CA: My original. (;C KG: My inherited. This indicates another ideal of young Arabs who
made their objective to life to enjoy the life with wine and women.
( E1 K
( 1 O DN 8
K O= ( DL& ... ; 3L (#1 J(G* M &C o
Translation: It continued until entire family started avoiding me. I became alone like a camel which has a
skin decease.
Explanation: J(G* : They avoided me.
( E1 K : A camel having a skin decease. It is kept separate from
other camels to protect other camels from infection.

(0
= 2C ;C G T( g4K O( TL& J(<= DC ... J(E"G 9 DO 9K "k=$*
= L M {D
Translation: If you are unable to drive back my death, then leave me to spend whatever my hands
possess.
Explanation: J(E"G: Death. g4K O( TL&: I take initiative (to spend).
Pre-Islamic Arabs were although the followers of Prophet Abraham & Ishmael $ 3S; ";< but they
had completely forgotten their basic teachings. They ignored the Hereafter and wanted to enjoy this world
up to the greatest extent. Same is the situation of modern Muslims.
OES<K % G ' ( = &C :C ... C ( #

"(< PG EPgK
b C =S;C DC
Translation: Had the three things not present in the life of a young man, I swear your honor that I had not
mind when my death come.
Explanation: ' ( = &C :C: I don’t mind. OES<K : My going back i.e. death. The three things defined by the
poet in later verses are wine, women and helping aggrieved people. It indicates that although their
character was badly affected by the worldly desires but they had a good quality of helping oppressed
people.
( $
( GK ( CCk( ±
H S( < ( = -C C ... !( (T( 'H "(7T H E5 = %C 4&C
Translation: I see that the grave of a miser who spend his wealth miserly is similar to the grave of an
unemployed extravagant person who destroys his wealth.
Explanation: H E5: A miser.
H S( < : One who enjoys the worldly pleasures. ( CCk( : Unemployed.
The poet says that if both stingy and extravagant people will become the same after their death, then why
do you ask me to be careful in spending? The poet has correctly described the mentality of squanderers.
Islam asked to avoid these both extremes and spend the wealth with care. Arabs used to consider misery
bad. Islam utilized their mentality of extravagance to spend money in alleviating poverty.
O( #
K u
( ( q( G C ;C "-< ... JCk 0 (2 K 10 8
S 4&
Translation: I see that the death selects generous people and also selects the nice wealth of a excessive
extremist (miser).
Explanation: K 10: It selects. C ;C "-<: Nice wealth
( C 0 K gE K E0j ¬
( -L = * G ... H ;C "C U' n %5 nF=C u
"1 4C&
Translation: I see that the life is a depleting treasure. Whatever days and time extinguish, comes to an
end
Explanation:
( C 0: It will come to an end.

( "T pK "( >= K q( S k2 ... BCk>C& G 8

S UMN ! K 1C
Translation: I swear by your life! Surely the death is like mistakes of a young boy. It is like a loose cord
although its ends are in hands.
Explanation: q ( S k : Cord, rope. >= K : Loose. pK "(: Its two ends
Life is like an extended cord but its ends are under the control of God. This style of swearing the life of
the audience is also used in the Quran M C SK 1= 0 := ( *( 2 J(C := K E5N( K= 1 C.
(1K = 0 JÖ(< BC= 0 !K G ML O= &C ìG ... n2(G J < P T J(5 4& Ë CD
Translation: Why do I see that my cousin Malik avoids me and go away from me when I come near to
him?
Explanation: M L O= &C: I come near to. BC= 0: He avoids. The poet describes his experience with his cousins
which resulted in a long enmity among them.
( G = $
T( EJ;< J;"C 45 ... H EK T EJ;< =G&C G K 1C
Translation: By your life! Any of my matters does not indulge me in hesitation. Neither my days nor my
nights are eternally long (due to worries).
Explanation: H E
L : Hesitation. ( G = : Eternally long.
The poet expresses his determination and bravery that he neither hesitates nor becomes worried.
O( EF *K := C P= G 4( >jT h
"*B0 ...
n g(
G K 0j h
K
Translation: Soon the time will show you about what you were ignorant. It will bring news to you about
which you’ve not prepared yourself.
Explanation: K*: It will show. The poet gives an ultimatum to his enemies.
( <( SG
% !K _
= ( * :C n*T ... !K C 9= (* := C P= G ( 5jT h
"*B0
Translation: It will bring news to you about which you have not purchased any provisions and you have
not set the time.
Explanation: n*T: Provisions. Time brings unexpected incidents. Here the word 9"T (transaction of sale) is
used in the meaning of ‘purchase’.
Rule of the Day!

The word C is used in two meanings: (1) When (2) Not yet. For example, :
= gK BC5=&C EC
(When he informed them), : = 2L ;( = %C P= G( =S;C > P 0(U 'L )CG := 2L *(B 0 EC (An affliction has not
yet arrived to you like those who were before you) etc.

Lesson 15A: Amount of Words to Describe Meanings
Dear Reader!
You might have observed that some people use a lot of Build Your Personality
words to describe a set of meanings while other people use Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W asked to leave
less words to describe the same set of meanings. useless things and tasks.
In I’lm-ul-Ma’ani, there are three types of use of words as compared to meaning:
• 8 $G: If the words used are almost equal to the meanings, it is called 8 $G. For example,
0=&C4 CzN(
p( ( "= C r
H 0( J(D SKtSK70 E := K = < }
= ( <= BCDC *(0 J(D CMSKtSK70 P 0(U (When you see those who discuss in a
negative manner about Our signs, turn away from them until they engage themselves in other topic).
Here, the words used are equivalent to the meanings. Equivalency means that an average person (neither
an expert or a totally ignorant person) is able to understand the meaning which are intended.
• +,=0N: If the words used are less than meanings, it is called +,=0N. For example, J(= &L 0 3b " ¾
( -( J(D := 2L C
_
( jQ (O people of wisdom! There is a life for you in retaliation). Here, the words used are much lesser
than meanings. Allah has left explanation of the fact that the legal procedure of retaliation for murder will
result in a life for entire humanity. Due to fear of retaliation, people will stop killing others. If this law is
not implemented, it will give an open license of killing others as we see in the modern world. All these
meanings are described in a few words.
• _AN: If the words used are almost more than the meanings, it is called _AN. For example, Prophet
Zakariyah $ 3S; !";< said, n="R
~
K & E 'C 1 R= JG( :K 1 P g J5N( _4 (O Lord! Surely my bones have
weakened and the hair of my head glistens with grey). Here, more words are used to describe the meaning
that “I’ve grown older”.
There are various reasons for using +,=0N.
• To make something memorable. Usually life experiences are described in minimum words in form of
“Quotes” so that people may learn them by heart and remember them every time. The Quran has
described its complete message in form of small Surahs at the end. These Surahs are easy to memorize
and describe the complete message of the Quran in minimum words.
• To make something easily understandable. Sometimes, a long discussion is difficult to comprehend.
Therefore, a few words are used to make the message understandable.
• Sometimes, the audience is not willing to listen or read a long discussion or the speaker has not enough
time to discuss the details. Therefore, the message is described in a few words.
• Some people intentionally describe a portion of their talk in symbolic way. Their objective is to hide that
portion of their message from ordinary people. The people who already know about that can understand
that portion by the hints mentioned in it.
Face the Challenge!

What are different words used for condition? What is the
difference in their use?

_AN is used due to following reasons:

• The message is discussed in detail in order to clarify the subject. If the audience have certain doubts or
questions about the message, they are answered in detail. For example, Allah has explained the concepts
of Monotheism and Hereafter in detail in Surah An’aam and Surah Aa’raaf while the same is described in
abridged way in the last Surahs of the Quran.
• The same message is repeated in different ways in order to emphasize on it and make it a part of the
personality of the audience. For example, in Surah Rahman, the blessings of Paradise are explained in
detail with a repeated verse M
( T2C *K 2L T4 ( BC(DC (O Jinn & Man! Which of your Lord’s favor, both of
you will deny?) The objective of bringing this verse to emphasize on God’s blessings and to prepare the
audience to become His thankful servants.
Types of +,=0N
+,=0N can be classified into two categories:
• -( +,=0N: If a small and easy sentence or phrase carries a lot of meanings, it is called -( +,=0N. For
example, V ;( g( , P= < }
= ( <= &C
( = 1K (T = GK & S 1 >K (Firmly adopt forgiveness, speak for justice and avoid
ignorant people). This small verse carry the a great ethical philosophy of Islam. The character of a
Muslim is described here. He / she should forgive others. He / she should always speak for justice in
legal, social and economic matters. He / she should avoid debating with ignorant people who do not want
to listen anyone else. All experts of T are more concerned about this type of +,=0N. An expert, Aktham
Bin Saifi declared that the +,=0N is the T.
•
. +,=0N: As we discussed earlier that certain understood words or phrases are deleted. Some
indication is provided in the sentence that certain words are deleted. It is called
. +,=0N. For example,
V
"(E !K U; r
C 1 DC 3n ( n EG&L ~
K E MC C (People were one nation, then they disagreed on religious issues, so
Allah sent His prophets.). Here the bold italic phrase is not mentioned in words because it is understood
that the prophets were sent to resolve disagreements on religious matters.
Rule of the Day!

The word % is used for different meanings:
• If it is added to JtG '1D it specifies it to the near past and add emphasis e.g. = %C
!K *K= 5 (I have just helped him).
• If it is added to 4G '1D it adds a doubt to it or adds the sense of “sometimes”
to it e.g. S" K k C qL F( = 0 = %C (Perhaps rain may come down today), ` K, 0 = %C
MC $C2 (Sometimes, a lazy person also becomes successful).
• If it is added to 4G '1D it creates emphasis e.g. !( U; q L SK4 J5&C MC SK;C 1= * = %C (You
definitely know that I’m a Prophet of Allah).

Types of _AN
_AN can be classified into various categories:
• '0Sk*: If two or more words or phrases are used to describe the same meaning, and it is not determined
that which word is additional, it is called '0Sk*. For example, x"(G xT( CS% & (I have found her
words false and lie.). Two words x"(G xT( are used for the same meaning. We can take any of these
words and declare the other one additional. The objective of using various words is to clarify different
aspects of the same thing or merely emphasizing on that thing.
• S=# : If two or more words or phrases are used to describe the same meaning, and we know that which
word is additional, it is called S# . For example, the poet says: P< È2 : !K ;C % d ( Gj ( S" : ;(< :K ;C <&
< H C ± G :;< (I know what’s happening today or yesterday before it, but about the knowledge of
tomorrow, I’m blind). Here the words !K ;C % d ( Gj are used for the same meaning. d ( Gj means “yesterday”
and !K ;C % means “before today”. Here the word d ( Gj was enough but the word !K ;C % is additional i.e. S# .
• 1 1T ¾l z: It is description of a general thing and then discussing some specific thing after it.
The objective of this detail is to focus on the specific thing. For example, 3( E 8 ( S;C E C;< SLD(
Ck= SK (Protect the prayers especially the middle prayer). Initially general prayers are discussed and then
the specific “Middle Prayer” is described. The reason for describing it to focus on the A’sr prayer. In the
society in which the Quran was revealed, the time before sunset was extremely important. Shepherds had
to gather their animals. Traders had to shut down their shops. Farmers had to finish their day’s work. In
that society, extra care was required to perform the A’sr prayer so Allah emphasized on it.
• ¾l 1T 1 z: It is description of a specific thing and then generalizing it. The objective of this
detail is also to focus on the specific but describing that the general is also important. For example, in the
prayer of Prophet Noah $ 3S; !";<, he asked, V (G( = K ; ( n(G= GK J("= T 'C > O P= ( E ( S( J( = ( _4
8
( G( = K (O Lord! Forgive me, may parents, and whoever enters my home as a believer and all believer
men and women). Specific persons are discussed before general believer men and women to draw Allah’s
specific attention towards these specific believers.
• 4 2*: It is repeating something. Unnecessary repetition is a weakness in communication but purposeful
repetition is useful. The objective is to emphasize or something and penetrate it in the mind of the
audience. It is used to arouse certain emotions e.g. love, fear, thankfulness etc. For example, the verse,
M( T2C *K 2L T4 ( BC(DC (O Jinn & Man! Which of your Lord’s favor, both of you will deny?) The objective
of repetition is to draw the attention of audience towards Allah’s blessings and to develop the emotion of
thankfulness to God.
• =Tj 1T 06 : It is explanation of something after describing it briefly. The objective of this is to
force the audience to think deeply. For example, the verse, V
(T H 15= BCT( := L EG &C :MC SK;C 1= * T( := L EG &C (He has
provided you what you know: He has provided you with cattle and children.)

• } (< : Sometimes, a sentence containing an idea which should be told due to some urgency is brought
between two sentences while it is not directly related to the original communication. It is called ;K
t1G. For example, when Prophet Muhammad’s name used in a sentence, we say :; !";< ^ ;W
(Blessings of Allah and peace be upon him). This sentence has usually no relation with other sentences of
our discussion but it indicates the love of a speaker for the Prophet. Another example in the Quran, Cz{(DC
SK*B DC := 2L C
b = := L £K $5( ÏÏÏ P 0(kC K I
( 0K V
T( ESE I
( K0 ! U; UMN( ÏÏÏ !K U; := L G &C r
L "= P= G( EPgK SK*B DC MC = EkC *
:= Ki R( E5&C := 2L C= (When they [your wives] become pure, come to them [to perform sexual intercourse] at
the place where Allah has ordered you to do --- verily, Allah loves those who repent and loves the pure
people ---- your wives are your tilth, so come to your tilth in whatever way you want). Here Allah has
described the manners of sexual intercourse which is ordered to be performed only in the vagina, not in
any other part of the body. It is not allowed while the woman is menstruating. Women are like the tilth.
Both husband and wife can enjoy in whatever way they want but they are required to do that in a pure and
clean way. Even while enjoying their family life, they should be God-fearing. They should not be
crossing limits. This is a t( 1G ;K to remind an important fact. Use of t( 1G ;K is common in the
sermons of orators. Sometimes, a long t( 1G ;K is also used. Due to not understanding this concept,
some people think that the Quran is not an organized book but their view is not correct.
• '"0*: If some generalization is described as a part of some specific thing or event, it is called '"0*. For
example, n%SKg+ M
C C 'C A( UMN( 'L A( g +
Q (Truth came and falsehood vanished. Verily the
falsehood [by its nature] is vanishing). Here the sentence n%SKg+ M C C 'C A( UMN( is a generalized statement
after description of the specific event of arrival of truth i.e. the Quran.
• ~ ( : If a word or phrase is used to prevent any misconception before it may arise in the mind of
audience, it is called ~ . For example, > = &L n 0 H SK ( "= C P= G( Q "= T
= K 7
= * h
( CN( 0 := K t
= (Put
your hand under your armpit, it shall become shining white without causing harm, as another sign). Here
the phrase H SK ( "=
C P= G( is used to remove a misconception i.e. the hand of Prophet Moses $ 3S; !";<
becomes white, it may be due to some decease. This misconception is removed by the phrase “without
causing harm”.
• '"2*: If a word or phrase is used to add value to the sentence by providing some special information or
point, it is called '"2*. For example n
( &C n"(0 n"(2$
= G( !( K C;< 1Uk MC SK1( k 0K (They feed poor people,
orphans and captives with a love for Him). The phrase !( K C;< is additional but it describes the love of
pious people with Allah while feeding poor people. They do not feed for a show-off. It is for the sake of
Allah.
Face the Challenge!

What is the difference between !"#* 0 341 ?
Give one example of each.

Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify the type of _AN & +,=0N. Tell your basis of
determining it. Describe the purpose of _AN & +,=0N. Read the context, if something is not clear.
Analysis :$% J(T<

The sentence carries a lot of meaning. !( T( '
( 0K G n()C !( T( (= 0 n()C !( T( '
( 0K
Attitude of those who become astray due to % +,=0N
rejecting the Quran is described in one word. (2:26) V -( ( C UN(
:" P= ^ :$T
UN( 3b
(2C C E5N( 3( E ( = E (T SK"(1=
(2:45) V 1( R( 7 C;<
EJ5(G&C UN( _
2( MC SK;C 1= 0 MC S"G&L := K = G(
(2:78) M C SL 0 UN( := gK M N(
!( *(C-*K E ! U; SL-E* SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
(3:102) M C SK;( $
= GK := K5=&C UN( EP*KSK*
H #
= 1 T( g= *=&C n ;C "= C V
(C SKG 5= <
(7:142)
!K U; := 2L = (
= 0K J(5SK1(E*CD ! U; MC S
( *K := K= L M N( ' %L
(3:31)
"= C 0 SLC-DC 4( E C;< SL%( K z N( * S= C
(6:27) 8 ( 0(T _
2C 5K O 5K
E5{(DC n=G&C %C CzN( }
( 4= jQ 8
( S E$ 9K 0(T
(2:117) M L SL2"DC P= L !K C qL SL-0
5&C H EG&L 1= T C EO ( K = G( ,5 (U qC C%
0&C !? K K SK0 .M( SL;( 4= BCDC !( ;( 0(B T( := 2L iL5&L
(12:45-46) ! K 0

Analysis :$% J(T<

J(D MC SL;>K = 0 ~ E
0=&C4 .`K = C !( U; K = 5 Q CzN(
MC C !K E5N( pK = ( = = h
T4 ( =
T( `
= $ DC .n SD &C !( U; P( 0(O
(110:1-3) nT ES*
.MC SK;C 1= *
S= UC . T(C- := *K4= +K E .K LC2E := L &C

.V( -( " : ; <( MC SK;C 1= * S= C UC .MC SK;C 1= *
S= UC E:L
(102:1-6) : "(,
MC = C
V
(G( = K ; ( h
(5=C ( = ( = = !K U; UN( ! CN( !K E5C& := ;C <= CD
(47:19) 8 ( G( = K
SKG P 0(U UN( .H $= >K J(C MC $5(6 UMN( .( = 1
( = E T( =SW
S* (T =SW
S* 8
( (E SL;( <
(103:1-3)
.?
( "= E ( # C ;C = 4( := ( D( 0(N .u
H 0= %L
( 0(6

H SK P= G( := K 1 A &C (U .
( "= Cg E_4 KK1= "; DC
(106:1-4)
H S= > P= G( := K G
8
( G( = K V
(G( = K 8( ;( $= K V
( ;( =$K UMN(
P 0(T(E 8 ( C%O( E V %( O( E 8 ( 5(C- V (5(C-
V
%( K 8( 1R( 7 V 1( R( 7 (8 T(E
V
( D( 8 ( (E V ( (E 8 ( C% K
8
( ( U n()C ! U; P 0(( U 8 ( CD( := K KDL
(33:35) n"(< n=&C 3n ( = G : = K C !K U; E< &C
V
( (= GK
a SLk- G ( Kg T( O UM&C G= jQ h
(zC !( "= CN( "=
%C
(15:66)

Analysis :$% J(T<

. DC ¢t .CD n"(0 = ,
( 0 := C&C
(93:6-8) BCDC n (<
(94:5-6) n=$0K ( $
= 1K 9 G UMN( . n=$0K ( $
= 1K 9 G UM{(DC
:a "( 4 4a SLC ! U; UM{(DC K( = * SKC = * SL1= * M N(
(64:14)
0 .O( RE 'C "( := L ( g= &C J(5SK1(E* ( S= %C 0 P G (U qC C%
4K O J g( 3C >( | UMN( a G "5= 3L " p( ( g E5N( ( S= %C
'C ( < P= G ;C ) G( UN( F, = 0K CD n iC" 'C ( < P= G .4( -C
MC SL;>K = 0 h i(C= BLDC Pa G( = GK S gK C)5=&L = &C HC zC P= G( n(W
:= L SK<O= &C J( G ( S= %C 0 ._ H $ ( ( "= T( "(D MC SL%+ = 0K C E,
!( U;(T L jQ J(5SK<= * .4( E CN( J(5SK<= * 3( ,E CN(
F( 0(F1 CN( := L SK<O= &C 5&C :a ; <( !( T( J( d "= C G (!T( ( R= &L
JD( 3b S <= O !K C d "= C !( "= CN( J(5SK<= * E5&C .4( U
V
D( ( $ = K UM&C !( U; CN( 5EO G UM&C 3( >( | J(D "5=
}
K SDC &L := 2L C qL SL%&C G MC KL $ DC .4( E _ K W = &C := gK
(40:38-44) O( 1( (T a ( T ! U; UMN( !( U; CN( (=G&C
(75:34-35) C= BCDC h

C C= &C E:L .C= BCDC h
C C= &C
= -C C .V
( G( jQ ( ;C Cg .V ("( 4( SLA .M( SK0=EF V (
(95:1-4) ¤ H S( - * P( $
= &C J(D MC $5(6 - ;C >
PH g= C;< n=g !K G&L !K = ;C !( 0= ( ST( MC $5(6 "= EW

K ( EJCN( h
0= ( S( J( = 2L R= M &C P( "= G < J(D !K L D(
(31:14)

Lesson 15B: The Seven Odes – Part II

In this lesson, we shall study the To put the world right in order, we must first put the nation in
selected verses of the remaining order; to put the nation in order, we must first put the family in
five poems of 8-;1G 9. order; to put the family in order, we must first cultivate our
personal life; we must first set our hearts right.
J5(FK ; J(T& PK T K "= gK+ L -C U;1 GK

Zuhair Ibn Abi Salma (d. 615CE) is considered the greatest poet of Arabia. His poetry is free of vulgar
content. He was the first poet who promoted peace and condemned wars in Arabia. On the contrary, other
poets were the promoters of hatred and war. His poetry is full of wisdom and philosophical content. He
used to believe in only and only One God was truly on the right path of Prophet Abraham $ 3S; !";<.
He died before listening to the call of Prophet Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W. His son Ka’ab Ibn Zuhair ^ Jt4
!<, who himself is also a great poet, converted to Islam.
At the time of Zuhair, a great war broke out between two tribes A’bs & Dhubyan on a minor issue for
horse race. The war continued for 40 years. It is called c d O. Thousands of women became widowed
and children became orphans in this war. The war had a direct impact on thinking of Zuhair. He described
the atrociousness of war and promoted peace through his poetry.
:( U;)CK D
( 4 ( 5GS=
T( ... :( s;2* :C b G= O( CD= &C &L P= G( &C
Translation: Is this filthy place situated on a rocky place between Daraj & Mutathallam belongs to Umm
Aaufah who did not talk?
Explanation: b G= O( : A filthy place. ( 5GS=
: Rocky area.
Umm Aaufah was the wife of the poet who divorced him. He describes his grief about that separation.
:( ;C = 9K T=E 0&C n W

:= 1( 5= C &C ... 1( T= (
K ; %L 4
K D < ;C DC
Translation: When I recognized (her) home, I said to that home: “O home! Be blessed and protected.”
Explanation: 9
K T=E : House.
:( gK = K u
H 0= %L P= G( pK S= T qb 4( ... !K CS=
CA
( "= (T
K = $
% BCDC
Translation: I swore the home (Ka’aba) around which the people of Quraish & Jurhum (tribes) who built
it, performed circumambulation.
( = GK 'H "= P= G( qH 'L C;< ... *K= ( K M( "E$ : 1= (C n"0
Translation: I swear that these two chiefs are the best. Both of you were found in each condition of
weakness or decisive power.
Explanation: ' H "= : Weakness. ( = GK : Decisive power. The poet praises the two chiefs of the fighting
tribes who reached at reconciliation by giving 3000 camels as blood money.

:( #
= G k(< :"= T Ss%O =S5C* ... G1= T MC "T=zL n$=< K 4 *
Translation: (O both chiefs!) Both of you made right the matter of A’bs & Dhubyan (tribes) after that
they destroyed each other by pounding themselves and used the perfume of Mansham.
Explanation: =S5C*: They destroyed each other. Ss%O : They pounded. k(<: Perfume. :( #
= G : The lady who
fired up the emotions of war.
:( ;C $
= 5 ( Gj P G(
H = K 1= G qH T( ... n1( : ;$ ( 4( K5 M N K;L% C%

Translation: Both of you have said: “If we reach at complete reconciliation by paying money in a good
manner, we’ll be peaceful.”
:( CBG @
H SL-<K P= G( "D P( 0= "1T ... PH A( S= G
( > ;< =G( K
= W
= BCDC
Translation: Both of you reached at the best place while you were away from impiety and sin.
Explanation: PH A( S= G : Place. @
H SL-<K : Impiety.
:( L 1= 0 ( ,
= P G( nF=C `
= $
= 0 P= G ... K0=( gK H 1 G ";K< ± V
= "= ( <
Translation: Both of you are great and you have found the greatness of Ma’ad (Ibn A’dnan). Whoever
will adopt the treasure of glory, he will become great.
Explanation: H 1 G : One of grand-grandfathers of Arabs. He was a grandson of Prophet Ishmael 3S; !";<
$ . `
= $
= 0: He makes lawful, he adopts.
( ( ,
= K T( "(D d
"= C P= G K,0K ...
=
W
= &C P "= iT K SL;2L s1 *K
Translation: The wounds are healed by hundreds (of camels). The person who was not accused (was
innocent) is also paying the installments (of blood money).
Explanation: s1 *K: It is effaced. K SL;2L : Wounds. :K ,0K: He pays in installments.
:( ,
= G( Q '(G := K "= T SL-0( 0K := C ... n G C H S= -C ( a SC% K,0K
Translation: A nation is paying installments of ransom for another nation, although they have not shed
blood among themselves even equivalent to the volume of a cupping tool
Explanation: SL-0( 0K: They shed blood. :( ,

= G( : Tool for cupping
:( $
- GK U'L :K K= $
% &C ' g :MC "T=zL ... n 4( J<
= jQ e( ;( T=&C C &C
Translation: Behold! Send my message to the allies (the tribes of Asad & Ghatfan) and Dhubyan: “Have
to completely taken an oath?”
Explanation:
= jQ : Allies. Then question is asked but it is an admonition to fulfill their oath.

:( ;C 1= 0 !K U; :( 2 0K = G C7

= "( ... := L 4( KW
K ± G ! U; EPK K2 *
C DC
Translation: Don’t try to hide from Allah what is in your mind because whoever try to hide, Allah knows
it.
:( -C = "KDC ' E,1 0K & _

( $(. ( S= "( ... = > E"KDC _
H ( ± 9= t
SK"DC = E>K0
Translation: (The punishment of breaking oath) will be delayed. Then it will be written in a book and
stored for the Day of Judgment. Or it will be punished earlier. (This indicates that the poet believed in the
Hereafter in contrast with other Arabs.)
:( E K r
( 0C.T = < S gK G ... :K K% zL := K= ;( < G sN _
K = .
C G
Translation: War is nothing except what you already know and what you’ve already tasted. My saying is
not a guesswork.
Explanation: :
( E K : Guesswork
(
= DC gSKK0=t
zN
= * ... n "= G( zC gSL)1 = * gSL)1 = * G
Translation: Whenever you’ll try to fire it (the war) up, it will be very bad. Whenever you’ll kindle it, it
will ignite (and will burn you).
Explanation: gSKK0=t
: You’ll kindle it. (
= DC : It will ignite.
:( i(= KDC ®
= = *K E:L nD#( `
= -C ; * ... (C)(T( = < := 2L L =1DC
Translation: Then it will grind you like grinding in a hand mill by its components. It will apparently
become pregnant and will produce twins.
Explanation: K =1*: It will grind. : Hand mill. q( C(: A component of a hand mill. ` = -C ; *: It will
pollinate / become pregnant. nD# ( : Apparently. ®
= = *K: It will produce. :( i(= *KQ: Twins.
The poet has compared the war with a mother of twins i.e. it will harm double.
:( k( DC 9= t
( = *K E:L OH < ( = BCC ... := K ; C BCR= &C MC ; ( := 2L C ®
= (= KDC
Translation: It will give birth to two boys who will be the most misfortunate like the Red A’ad. Then it
will feed them and then it will wean.
Explanation: This verse indicates that Arabs were well aware of the history of A’ad & Thamud. The
Quran told them this history to change their mind.
:( g 4= O( FH "= ( %C P= G( @
( (1(T
x L% ... ;( g= j ' ( *K G := 2L C ' ;( = KDC
Translation: Then it will yield you what villages of Iraq do not yield in produce and money. (The impact
of war will be very big like the production of fertile lands of Iraq.)

:(
= t
PK T= PK "= K := ( "(* K0 Ý ... :K ( "= ;C < E J. : 1= (C =1 C
Translation: I swear my life that the best tribe is the one upon whom Husain Ibn Dhamdham has placed a
burden (of blood money) which was not suitable.
Explanation: They are nice people that they have accepted the burden of inappropriate blood money in
order to end the war. Husain killed a person of A’bas against the opinion of his tribe. Despite of that fact,
his tribe bore the burden of blood money.
:( U;-C *K := C pK 4K C &C a ( !K C ...
H U-C GK
( $ JR H &C C
Translation: In front of him, there was a lion wearing weapons, who participates in battles. He had long
hair on his neck and his nails were not trimmed.
Explanation: $ JR: The person who has worn weapons.
H U-C GK : Participant in wars. a (: Hair of

neck. :
( U;-C *K: Trimmed. The poet has compared Husain with a lion due to his wild nature.
:( ;( 0 :( ; T = 0K sN n10 ... !( ( ; L T( I
= %( 10K := ;C 0K G H (
Translation: He is brave. Whenever he is offended, he takes revenge of offence against him quickly.
Otherwise if he is not offended, he starts offending (others).
Explanation: The character of that man is that he wants to start a war even if he is not offended. It is a
/01* to describe his character of “ready to fight”.
( ( 7
= T( 8
H 1(CA qH G 8
( "W
... !K 5SK ;(-1= 0 SKW
= &C := gK 4C&
n 2L DC
Translation: I saw all of them that they pay blood money from their nice wealth (camels) which used to
climb on mountains.
Explanation: MC SK ;(-1= 0: They pay his blood money. ( ( 7
= T( 8
H 1(CA: Climbing on mountains
Due to his wild nature, his tribe has to pay the best and powerful camels in blood money.
:H C 1= K T( Ë"s; N
= %C AC zN ... =:gK K G= &C ~
:K ( 1= 0 qH
C ( JH
C
Translation: It is a tribe who protects people in their affairs, when a night brings a great trouble for them.
:( ;C $
= K T( := ( "= ;C < J(5Cº K 4( º C ... !K ;C = * K 4( = 0K P( = Lz CD H (
Translation: They are so generous that person full of grudge cannot keep a grudge against them. And a
criminal against them cannot remain peaceful.
Explanation: P
( = Lz: A person full of grudge. J(5Cº K 4( º : A criminal.

( BC$
= 0 h
T&C n S= V
5(C ... u
= 1( 0 P= G 3( ".
C ?
"= (C2*
K = i(
Translation: I’ve got bored with the troubles of life. Whoever lives for 80 years will get bored, may your
father not remain.
Explanation:
K = i( : I got bored. h
T&C : An expression of boredom. The poet starts describing his life
experiences.
:( < H C ± G :( ;(< P= < J(E2( C ... !K ;C = %C d

( G= jQ ( S= " ± G :K ;C <= &C
Translation: I know what is today and yesterday but I am blind about knowing what is tomorrow.
:( $
( = T( B AC S= 0K _
H "5=BCT( ~
= E
0K ... 3H "= )C 4H SKG&L ± 9= 5( 0K :C P= G
Translation: The person who does not cajole in most of matters, he will be chewed by canine teeth and he
will be stomped under foot sole.
Explanation: 9 = 5( 0K :C: He cajoles / talks sweetly. ~
= E
0K: He will be chewed. _
H "5=&C: Canine teeth. :( $
( = G :
Foot sole. The poet has experienced that flattering people are successful with dishonest people. Simple
and honest people are stomped and harmed by others. It is not an urge to be a flatterer, it is a criticism on
those people who like flattering and sweet talk.
:( G 0K !K = < P = $
= 0K !( G( S= %C ;< ... !( ;( CT( ' 7
= "DC H'
= DC Cz h
K 0 P= G
Translation: Whoever possess wealth and he becomes stingy about his wealth to spend it on his nation,
(people) will become indifferent about him and his will be disparaged.
:( ,
= ,
0 ( Pi( k GK oN ... !K; %C K0 P= G :K G 0K
( SK0 P= G
Translation: The person who fulfils (his promise) is not disparaged. The person whose heart is rightly
guided towards satisfactory piety, does not speak nonsense.
Explanation: :
(, = ,
0: He speaks nonsense.
:( U;$
K T( ( E$ _
= &C 4 SC ... !K ; 0 0 _
C& _
g P= G
Translation: The reasons of death will reach to the person who fears them although he climbs at sky with
a ladder.
:( ;C 0K ~
:( ;( 0 C P= G = E 0K .... !( (
C$( T( !( t
( S= P= < O= L 0 := C P= G
Translation: The person who does not drive people away from his pond by weapons, he will be pulled
down. The person who does not pressurize people, he is offended.
Explanation: O=
L 0 := C: He did not drive away. }
( S= : Pond, metaphor for anything in possession.

( E2C 0K !$ 5 = 2C 0K P= G ... !K -C 0=( W

nK < I
= $
= 0 _
= ( = 0 P= G
Translation: The person who travels and considers the enemy his friend (is harmed) and the one who
does not respect himself, his is not respected (by others).
Explanation: _
= ( = 0: He travels. The poet has omitted certain words “is harmed” due to their
perceptibility.
( = 0 !( "= ;< nEGzC pK K = P= 2L 0 ... !( ;( g= &C ( "= C ±
1Cf '( 1 ,
= 0 P= G
Translation: The person who does good with the people who are not suitable for that, his praise will
become dispraise and he will regret.
Explanation: Before doing good with someone, a person should consider the meanness of the person with
whom he is going to do good.
:( ;C 1K* ~
( E ;< C7
= * C> M N .... H -C "= ;> P= G( H (G = <( P= 2L * = G
Translation: Whenever a person has some habit, people will know about it even if he thinks that he can
keep it secret.
:( ; 2C E ± !K K - 5 = &C !K *KO 0+( ... I

H ,
( 1= GK h

H G( W P= G( * P= (C
Translation: You may consider a silent person good, but his positive and negative aspects appear after
(he starts) talking.
( :( s; 3L 4 SKW sN = 0 := ;C DC ... pK OK LD ?

a 5( ?
a = 5( C ML $(
Translation: Tongue of a boy is half and remaining half is his heart (mind. Without them,) nothing
remains except the shape of meat and blood.
:( ;L
= 0 ( g E$ 1= T ìC UMN ... pK 1= T : ; (
( "= E# p UMN
Translation: An old man cannot become decent after foolishness. Although a young man can become
decent after his stupidity.
(
= "K nGS0 qC =$ ( )(2 0K P= G ... :K *K= 1K DC 5= <K := K"= kC <= BCDC BC
Translation: We asked (for help) and you gave. We repeated and you also repeated (and gave again). The
person who asks (for help) too much, he is refused one day.
Face the Challenge!

Describe the different reasons for using an 34R6 : .for near & far in
figurative way.

G1 1"T4 PT ( " L -C U;1 GK

Labeed (d. 40H/660 CE) is considered one of the great poets of Pre-Islamic period who remained alive
during the life of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W. He converted to Islam. Famous literary critique A. J. Arberry
who translation 8-;1G 9 into English, describes his incident as follows:
It was U’mar !< ^ Jt4, his second Caliph, “Recite me some of your poetry, Labid!” And what had he
recited? The Chapter of the Cow (3- 34S), the longest in the Holy Book! “I would never compose
verses again.” he had told U’mar. “Not since God taught me the Chapter of the Cow.” How scrupulously
had he kept that vow, made in the days of his great enthusiasm for the Faith that removes mountains? (A.
J. Arberry, The Seven Odes)
GK ( DC LS= C TBC* x(T ... KGC-K DC ;
G 4K 0
( C <
Translation: The places of her temporary & permanent stay were effaced at Mina. Here (places to stay) at
Ghaul & Rijaam became untamed and wild.
Explanation: ( C < : They were effaced. TBC*: They became untamed & wild.
The assumed beloved of the poet was a nomad. She moved with her tribe to another place and signs of her
stay were effaced.
GK L
C MC S= ;C > ®
a, ( ... ($"(5&C ( = < 1= T E,
* Pa G O(
Translation: These are the ruins on which years with their allowable & forbidden months have been
passed after its inhabitant vacated them.
Explanation: P
a G O( : Ruins.
E,
*: It passed. ($"(5&C: Its inhabitant. ® a,
( : Years. Arabs used to count their
years by pilgrimage. So ® became a synonym of year. M C S= ;C > : They remained empty.
In the Divine Law given by the Prophet Abraham $ 3S; !";<, it was not allowed for Arabs to fight in
four months. The objective of this restriction was to promote pilgrimage and economic activity. People of
Arabia always adhered to this principle.
GK %&C 5SKGK ,K* a TK+K ... 5BCC q( SL;sk P( < qL S"$
C
Translation: Floods renewed these ruins as they are books whose text is refreshed by pens.
Explanation: q
( SL;sk : Ruins. a TK+K : Books. ,K*: It became new. When the writing in hand-written books
becomes dull, it is refreshed by fresh ink. The word a TK+K is also used in the Quran V
(EjQ ( TK+K J(C !K E5N( . The
Book of Prophet David $ 3S; !";<, the Psalms are called 4ST+.
Worth Reading
Form of religious rituals is very important but their real spirit is more important. Read
the details in: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0017-Spirit.htm

GK = &C 9H A( 4H 5 M( >K C ... ®

H DC = <
( T(T(
= )C;( L H CSK#
= G
Translation: (The fire of my heart is like the fire which) is blown by the Northern wind and fresh
branches of A’rfaj tree has been put into it. Its smoke is like that of a radiant fire whose flames are high.
Explanation: H CSK#
= G : Northern wind.
= )C;( L : It is put inside it. ®
H DC = <
( T(5: Fresh branches of A’rfaj tree.
9H A( : Radiant. GK = &C:
Its flames. Northern wind is considered to produce more smoke. Putting fresh
branches of a tree also produce more smoke. It means that the fire of my heart is producing enormous
smoke.
GK C SK, C C H ;C "= C ± ... n(* SKG (= G C -C 0(AC SL;1= 0

Translation: Continuous rain fell down on the line of its (cow’s) back on the night when clouds covered
the stars.
Explanation: SL;1= 0: It was over. (= G C -C 0(A

C : The line of its back. n(* SKG: Continuous, perpetual C C : It
covered. It is depiction of heavy rain of the desert. The poet is describing his hunting story and the
problems he faced during that.
GK 5( gS=C H 0(C H ; AC ... H ;C "= C P= G( := C P 0(4= * C

( 5=&C ' T
Translation: But, you don’t know how many nights (I’ve passed) in enjoying nights openly in playing
and drinking?
Explanation: H ; AC : Free, open, unconfined. K 5(: Drinking companion

GK G+( q( E# ( "T(
=
W
= &C z N ... 3H %( K<+ = %C `
H 0(4 3( C
Translation: Many cold winds at morning I held back at the time when the control was in the hand of
North Winds.
Explanation:
K <+ : I held back. 3H %( : Cold.
Arabs did not use to like North Winds because they used to cause drought and were very harmful to
health. They poet describes his character that I protected people from the calamities of drought by
providing them food at the time of North Winds.
GK ,( K8= C zN J R( ¦

b = DL ... J(s2R( 'L (
= * 'C "= 7

K " = -C C
Translation: I supported (my tribe) in a morning (by riding on a horse) whose reins were in my kerchief
and I was carrying my weapons.
Explanation: K " : I supported. J(s2R( : My weapons. ¦

b = DL : Excess. J R(: My kerchief. GK ,(: Its
reins. Supporting one’s tribe was considered the most sacred duty of an Arab. The poet is motivating the
young people of his tribe in this way. Controlling the horse by kerchief depicts his boldness.

GK %C P( G( <C& oN

H ( ... 3H S = g z ;< nC-*= GK 8
K S= ;C 1 DC
Translation: (In order to protect my tribe) I climbed on a hill to ambush on it, (the hill was) dusty and
narrow paths. Its dust was storming as high as their flags.
Explanation: nC-*= GK : Ambushing.

H ( 3H S = g z: Having dust and narrow path. P( G( <C&: Their flags.
GK %C : Its flags. In the battle, the dust became so high that it covered the flags.
GK
C <= &C !H T(#GK H ( T( ... (=
C 8
K S= < O 4H $0=&C 4( KF
Translation: I called (my friends) on the slaughtered camels to play with arrows having similar shape.
Explanation: 4( KF : Slaughtered camel. 4H $0=&C: Gambling. (= : Its death. H (G : Arrows. GK
C <= &C: Its
shape. It was a common practice in rich people of Arabia to arrange drinking and gambling parties
especially at the time of drought. They used to slaughter camels and play gambling games to win its meat.
After winning, they used to distribute their meat in poor people. Such parties were used as an expression
of pride and generosity. When the Quran forbade gambling & drinking, it was an amazing directive for
the Arabs because they used to consider this activity generous. The Quran urged them to spend their
money on poor but not indulge themselves in gambling and drinking because they are Satanic activities.
GK ( 9( "Cº M( ,(

= C( TK ... 'H ( kKG = &C H %( 1( EP( T( SK<O= &C
Translation: I call them with camels with or without babies to spend all of its meat on the (poor)
neighbors.
Explanation: H %( <: Barren, not having a child. 'H ( kKG: Having a baby
GK =g&C n( 7

GK CC* kg ... 5B KI0 4K º ?
K "D
Translation: The guests and alien neighbors became as they came down at (the valley of) Tabalah whose
hills are fertile.
Explanation: n( 7 GK : Fertile. GK =g&C: Its mounds & hills. The poor guests and neighbors became so rich
with that meat as they are living in a fertile valley.
GK g= &C ¬

H (C% ("; '( ) G( ... H 0sz4 ' _
( Aj oN B*
Translation: Every poor afflicted woman gets refuge at my tent who even does not have enough cloths.
Explanation: B*: She takes refuge at. _ ( Aj : Side of a tent. H 0sz4 : A poor woman. ( "; :
Afflicted. ¬
H (C%: Less GK g= &C: Her wearing cloths.

GK 0=&C n<(4 SR *K n,L;>K ...

= *
K 0 zN CMSL;U;2C 0K
Translation: When (barren) winds blow from every direction, the (utensils) of orphans similar to streets
are filled.
Explanation: M
C SL;U;2C 0K: They are filled.
= *: They blow. n<(4 SR : Streets. n,L;>K : Every direction
GK # H"(< +K F( G( ... q F 0 := C 9K G( ,
( -C = zN E5N
Translation: Whenever groups meet (to fight or otherwise), definitely we have people for every big task
to take care of its worries.
Explanation: +K +: Task. GK #

: Its worries. In the Quran: M( 1= ,
C- S= 0 M( C%= L S= 0 5( = < C;< F 5C& G
GK Eg (%SL-

K ( a G( GK ... U- 3C #1 Jk=10K :a $-C GK
Translation: (Our tribe has a chief who is) the distributor. He gives each family its right. The
authoritative chief reduces his personal rights (to fulfill the needs of his tribe).
Explanation: a G(
GK : One who reduces. GK Eg : Its authoritative chief
GK C I
H 4 _
K SK$C `
a = ... ;< V
K 1( 0K H C z nCD
Translation: He does so due to his virtue. He is open-handed. He helps in a generous way. He is good-
hearted. He earns attractive things in form of war booties.
Explanation: : Generosity. `

a = : Good hearted. _
K SK$C : One who earns. I
H 4: Attractive
things. K C : One who earns war booties
GK GN bK H S= %C s'2L ( ... := gK £K T := K C

= E H #
1G P= G(
Translation: For this society, their forefathers established this practice. Each nation has an established
practice and a leader.
Explanation: = E : They established a practice. An established practice is called “Sunnah”. The
established practice of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W is called His Sunnah.
GK
C = &C SvC 9 G 'L "* C z N ... := K L1D( 4K SK0 CMSK1k0
Translation: They do not mold (themselves towards bad things). They do not make their works useless
because their wisdom is not inclined towards worldly desires.
Explanation: M
C SK1k0: They mold. 4K SK0: It is useless. K
C = &C: Wisdom

GK s< "= T (

ClC : $
%C ... 5{D Kh"(; : $
%C T( 9= %D
Translation: Be contented what the Creator has divided. Surely He has divided wisdom differently
among His creatures.
Explanation: K s<
: Knowledge & wisdom.
GK E$%C :( C <= BCT( CD= &C ... H #
1= G ±
= $%L L 5Gj zN
Translation: When honesty was divided among groups, the Divider (God) has made the biggest share for
us.
GK L L;= C !( "CN $

DC ... !K 2L = n1"D4 n"T C DC
Translation: He made us an elegant home whose roof is high. Its middle-aged and young people climbed
on it.
Explanation: hK = : Roof. 'L = C : Middle aged. K L: Young.
Highness of roof is a metaphor for the high respect of the poet’s tribe.
GK s2 K := gK K4( SCD :K gK ... Ã=1 ( DL& 3L

#1 zN L31$ :K K DC
Translation: When the tribe has to face horrible conditions, they are the strugglers, they are its
cavalrymen and they are its leaders.
Explanation: 3L 1$ : Strugglers.
= 1 ( DL&: It was made horrible
GK < qC Ck* zN (8(G= K ... :K ( "D 4( ( ,K; 9a "(T4 :K gK
Translation: When the year (of trouble) prolongs, they are the spring for the neighbors and widows.
Explanation: 9 a "(T4 : Spring season. 8
( (G= K : Widows.
It means that they are the people who take care of widows, orphans, poor and other weak segments of the
society at the time of hardship. The metaphor for ‘spring season’ is used for such people.
GK Ci( K 1 9 G 'C "(0 M &C = &C ... a ( Uk0K M &C 3L

#
( 1 :K gK
Translation: They are (the protectors of) the tribe against the delay (in help) from envious people or the
inclination of mean people towards enemy.
Explanation: Uk0K: He delays. K Ci(: Mean & sordid people.
Rule of the Day!

There are certain nouns, which gives the meaning of verbs. They care called '1 := , e.g. E"g
(Let), pH (Ah! I’m feeling pain),
H & (Ugh! I contempt), P="G (Amen! Accept it) etc.

J$
( 1 O R PT 31( L -C U;1 GK
A’ntara (d. 615CE) belonged to Banu A’bs. His father was the tribal chief and mother was a slave woman.
Arabs used to consider such children slaves. He fought bravely in war, so that his father manumitted him
and his status became equal to others. He participated in famous chain of battles called “Dahis wa
Ghabara” which longed for 40 years and killed thousands of people.
(:gS * 1T 4

D< ' g = &C ... (EO GK P= G( y 1# 4 O C ' g
Translation: Did (previous) poets left any imperfect area? (Where I can try to write a poem?) Or do you
know the home (of my beloved) after obscurity?
Explanation: 4 O C: He left. ( EO GK : An imperfect area

( 7
= G C T h
( TK(A J;< n($< ...
=
W
= BCD P0 F }
( 4= BT
= s;
Translation: She (the beloved) started living at the land of enemy. Your demand became hard on my, O
the daughter of Makhram.
Explanation:
= s; : She started living. P 0 F : Visitors (enemy). h
( TK(A: Your demand.
:( ;KG 'H "= ;C T( :K 2L TK(4
= G+K ... 5{D @ (
( 1G=+&C
( L MN
Translation: If you are determined for separation and (saddles) are tightened on your mounting animals
in darkness of night, (it was expected for me).
Explanation: ( 1G=+&C: You determined.

= G+K : It is tightened. The poet has omitted the ¦R _ S due to
its perceptibility. A lot of examples of this omission are available in the Quran.
:( ;C 1 (T d
"C (PG 'L ";% r
b "C ... 5 P
* nK5&L t4 &
Translation: (Passing time with the beloved is like) a lofty garden full of vegetation caused by rain. It is
free from filth and footprints.
Explanation: nK5&L: Lofty. P

( G : Dung, filth. :( ;C 1 G: Sign, footprints. Free from footprint means that its grass
is fresh and has no impact of human activity.
:( g 4= 3H 4 C% s' P DC ... 3H K H 2 T( ' !( "C;< 8

= O
Translation: Every unrestricted cloud gave (water) to it generously, so it left each dig like a silver coin.
Explanation: !( "C;<
8
= O : It gave generously to it. H 2 T(: Cloud. 3H K : Free, unrestricted. 3H 4 C%: Dig. The
poet has compared the digs full of water with silver coins.

( 0 := C y ";< ,0 ... H "#

( < U'2L D nT2$* n
Translation: (The cloud) poured water on it and it started flowing endlessly.
Explanation: n
: Flowing. nT2$*: Pouring water. ( 0 := C: It did not stop.
:( E5 K _
( 4( # '( 1C nO(C ...
H 4( T d
"C;DC (T _
K T >
Translation: Honey bees came to it. They are not going to leave. The sing like a drunk who sings
rhythmically.
Explanation: _
K T : Honey bees.
H 4( T: One who leaves. nO(C : Singing _
( 4( # : One who drinks wine.
:( E5 K : Singing rhythmically
:( ,
;KG : g O= &C 3( @
SCD
K "TC& ... H "#
( ( C @
SCD `
K ( *K J$K*
Translation: She spends her nights and morning on the back of a soft mattress while I spend my nights on
the back of reined horse named Adham.
Explanation: H "#
( : Mattress. 3( : High. : g O= &C: Name of horse. :( ,
;KG: Reined.
:( k( = A( : ,
<= jQ b "50 @
a F ( ... 8
= &C ( 1 ¬
K ;L %L !K C (B *
Translation: (My mounting animal is like an) Ostrich towards whom female ostriches come as a herd of
Yemeni camels come to a Non-Arabic speechless (shepherd).
Explanation: (B *: She goes to. ¬

K ;L %L : Female. ( 1 : Ostrich. 8
= &C: She comes. @
a F ( : Herds of camel.
:( k( = A( : One who has problem in speech.
Since Arabs could not understand any other language, therefore, they think that all Non-Arabs are
speechless. Due to this reason, they call them J,< which means speechless. The poet has compared the
ostrich with the Non-Arabic shepherd because both of them are considered speechless.
:( ;C Wj '( 0Ssk ( = C z ( 1 ... !K

"T 3( "= #
1K T OK SK10 'H 1= W

Translation: (The ostrich) is take care of its eggs at the place of Zil U’shairah like a slave wearing a shirt
having long sleeves made by fur.
Explanation: ' H 1= W
: Having a small head. ( = C z: Having fur. :( ;C Wj : Sleeves.
Ostrich is very sensitive and careful about its eggs. Quran has compared the women of Paradise with the
“Protected Eggs” i.e. M b SK2 G /
a "= T EPK E5BCC aV<(
( = Uk 8
K W
( C% := gK = <( . The reason for this comparison is that
women in the Paradise will be highly protected.
The poet has compared the ostrich with a slave wearing long-sleeve shirt of fur due to its long legs and
fur-like feathers.

:( < ?<C& CS #C& ... J(5& C 1 "%S ( R P= G ( = (7

= 0K
Translation: The one who was present in the battle will inform you that I dominate the war and I am the
most refraining at the time of distribution of war booties.
Explanation: C 1 "%S : Battle, combat. CS : War. ?<C&: The most refraining.
The poet describes his personality that he fights only to show his bravery. He is not concerned about war
booties which was a major motivation in Arab wars.
JG-C GK 0* J2 = < ... := >( &C := C C ( j J T( MC SL-0 z N
Translation: When they (my tribe) was protecting themselves from heads of arrows and spears by me, I
was not coward. But the way in front of me became narrow (so I was unable to proceed).
Explanation: C
( j : Heads of arrows and spears. := >( &C := C: I was not coward. 0*: It became narrow.
The poet has used the word S-* which is commonly used in the Quran. In Arabic, it means taking care,
protecting oneself from anything due to its fear. When a person protects himself from bad deeds due to his
fear of God, it is called S-* in the Quran.
:"t J= T ;< 3b O _

( =
; ... P= 2L * :C 8SKG& M BCT(
K "(#> = -C
Translation: I fear that I’ll die and affliction will not reach to the sons of Dhamdheem in the war.
Explanation: 3b O: Circle. It is a metaphor for affliction or vicissitudes of time. In the Quran, it is
mentioned as 3b ( O "( *K M
&C #7
= 5. The sons of Dhamdheem were the enemies of the poet because he
killed their father.
JGO K-C &C :C zN P( 0=4 z( ... K = (R& :C J(t= <( J= *(#
Translation: The are abusive for my fame and I do not abuse both of them. If they do not find me, they
take an oath for my blood.
Explanation: P
( 0=4 z( : Those who take religious oath that if they’ll become successful, they’ll sacrifice an
animal or do some other good deed. K-C &C :C: Both of them do not find me.
:( 1 #C% H $
= 5 ' ($ 4 F ... KgTC&
K * = -C ;C DC
C 1 0 M N
Translation: If both of them do so, then I have also left their father as the food of beasts, and every altair
& lion.
Explanation: 4 F : Food. H $
= 5: Altair. A bird which eats the flesh of dead bodies. The people of Prophet
Noah $ 3S; !";< used to worship an idol in shape of an altair. It is mentioned in the Quran. : ( 1 #C%:
Lion.

J(;( SL);C PT 1( L -C U;1 GK

A’mr Ibn Kalthum (d. 570CE) was a famous chief and fighter of Banu Thaghlib. A great war called
“Basus” occurred between his tribe and Banu Bakr which continued for several years. The king of Heera,
Al-Mundhir made reconciliation among the two tribes. His son A’mr Ibn Hind became the king after him.
On a small dispute, fighting started again among the two tribes. Both tribes sent their representative to the
king. A’mr Ibn Kalthum represented his tribe while Harith Ibn Hillizah (whose poem is available in the
next pages) represented his tribe. The king inclined towards Harith due to his eloquence. A’mr wrote this
poem in return.
0(4 5j 4 SK>K J-K* C ... "WCD (h(
= T( JgK C &C
Translation: (O beloved!) Stand up with your dish and provide us wine. Don’t leave any wine of
Indareen.
Explanation: JgK : Stand up. P
(=W
: Dish. P 0(4 5j : A place.
"-" = 7
5K 5=( 5=&C ... "C;< ' ,
1= * CD H(g TC&
Translation: O Abu Hind! Don’t hasten against us. Give us time, we’ll inform you about confirm news.
0(4 C% xK PgK4( = 5K ... n"(T 8

( 0 OK 4( SK5 5BCT(
Translation: We take white flags (in battlefield) and after irrigating them, we turn them red.
Explanation: 0(4 : We irrigate. The poet describes the power of his tribe that they bring white flags and
irrigate these flags with the red blood of enemy.
5SLW
K <( &C 3n U;-C GK ... !( "= ;< n C ( < 'C "Cl *
Translation: We have left our horses lined up against them while their reins were put around their necks.
Explanation: 3n U;-C GK : Placed around the neck. <( &C: Reins. 5SLW
K : Lined up. The word ";-* is deriving
from this word which means blind following. A blind follower follows his leader like an animal which
follows its master who has placed a collar around its neck.
"(;0 P= G 3C O %C =TUR ... G( J.

C _
K ( 8
= g = %C
Translation: The dogs of the tribe howled at us (because they did not recognize us due to our absence)
and we cut the weapons of those who were near to us.
Explanation: 8= g : It growled =TUR : We cut. 3C O %C : Arms. "(;0: He came near to us.
The poet describes their attitude towards war that they were busy in fighting against others for a long
period of time. When they returned to their area, the dogs did not recognize them and barked at them. This
growling or barking of dogs is an 341 of their fighting for a long period of time.

"#L zN (
S"$T _
K ( 5 ... < ~
K > * G PK <( kK5
Translation: We shoot (arrows & spears) when people stand at a distance from us. When they come close
to us, we stab them with swords.
Explanation: > *: They stand at a distance. "#L: We are closed
"(*= 0 F( <( GjT n%SKK ... := K = G( q( kTj : ( qL 7*

Translation: You’ll think that that skulls of their fighters are loads on animals, when they throw
themselves in front of us.
Explanation: : ( : Skulls. q( kTj : Champions, fighters. n%SKK : Load. F( <( Gj : Animals. "(*= 0:
They throw themselves in front of us. The heads of the fighters on their bodies are compared with the
loaded animals. Cutting the heads is compared with unloading an animal.
"(;7
= "DC _
% I
K ;( 7
= 5 ... ns-R ( SC- ~
£K4 (T #
K 5
Translation: We crack the heads of that group intensely. We cut the necks and they become separate in
front of us.
Explanation: I K ;( 7
= 5: We cut. "(;7
= 0Q: They become separated in front of us. The -R 4 G is used to
describe the intensity.
"(<( =0BCT( a 047G ... := ( "(D "(D CDSK"K UMBCC

Translation: (Real) swords between us and them are like wooden swords in the hands of our children.
Explanation: a 047G : Swords made by wood for children to play. It is an 341 to describe the reckless
use of swords.
";GK n34 C PK 1( KDC ... := ( "= ;C < #7

= 5 S= 0 G&C
Translation: The day when we don’t fear about them (that they will attack us), we go to the extreme to
attack on them while we are armed with weapons.
Explanation: P
K 1( K5Q: We go at extreme. 3n 4 C: Attack. ";GK : Armed with weapons.
";(gº '( @
SD 'C ,DC ... =";C < a & P= ;C ,
= 0 C&
Translation: Behold! Nobody should be arrogant to us otherwise we will be arrogant more than the
haughtiness of all chesty people.
Explanation: '( : Ignorance, arrogance. This word describes the character of Pre-Islamic Arabs. They
were proud about their tribe. They were supposed to support their tribe in a war whether the tribe is on
right or wrong. For this reason, the period is called ";gº . It does not mean ‘lack of knowledge’. It means
arrogance. In the Quran, it is mentioned that nG SLC% MC SL;g( , := K AC > CzN( .

"kC% "D := 2L ;="-C ( ML SL25 ... H = g( P T < H iC"#G BCT(

Translation: O A’mr Ibn Hind! What is this desire that we become submitter to your governor? (Never! It
is not possible at all.)
Explanation: H iC"#G: Desire, will. :
= 2L ;="%C : Your leader/governor. "kC%: Submitter, follower. Probably, the
verses from this verse onwards were said when the poet returned back after visiting the king of Heera.
!0(S-G h
Gjy G ... n04K 5K<( SK* 5OK *K
Translation: You threaten and menace us. Stop, for a while! When did were we the servants of your
mother?
Explanation: 5OK *K: You threaten us.
5K<( SK*: You menace us. n04K : Stop, for a while. 0(S-G: Servants.
The word 04 is also used in the Quran in the same meaning n=0 4K :
= K ; ( G= &C P 0(D( C2 ' DC .
5SK* C& : E$-C *K M &C 4K z( K5 ... Mb $ ( /"(T 5(4 ;<
Translation: There are beautiful white women on our back. We fear that they will be divided or become
despicable.
Explanation: It was a common practice in the world to divide the beautiful women of enemy as slave
women after defeating their men. Islam gave respect to such women and declared them the wife of their
master. Certain arrangements were made to give manumission to such women. For example, all such
women were given the right to buy back their freedom. The State arranged funds for their manumission.
By giving birth to one child of their master, they used to become free.
5SK1= * := C zN CSK1TK ... := K$C P ; -L 0 5O"( P = -L 0

Translation: They provide fodder to our horses and say: “You are not our husband if you cannot protect
us.”
Explanation: P = -L 0: They provide fodder. O "(: Horses. CSK1TK: Husband. The word is used in the Quran
EP( (CSK1K( UN( EPK 0(+ P 0(= 0K. Arab women used to fire up the emotions of their husbands to fight.
"( <K zN CMSKG4( E5&C ... 1(A&L zN CMSKW
( 1 E5BCT(
Translation: We are the protectors, when we are followed. And we are the punishing, if we are
disobeyed.
0( K TCº !K C 7
( * ... 9a "t4 C Ck( eC ;C T zN
Translation: When a suckling baby of our tribe is weaned, mighty kings prostrate in front of him.
Explanation: Ck( : Weaning. 7
( *: They fall. K TCº : Mighty kings
This is an extreme way to be proud of one’s tribe.

C2#" 3F; ( PT 4;( L -C U;1 GK

Harith (d. 560CE) belonged to Banu Bakr. He presented his case in form of this poem in the court of A’mr
Ibn Hind while opposing A’mr Ibn Kalthum. The king was convinced with his arguments and declared the
case in the favor of Banu Bakr.
¥ -T ( 'g H< (< ... < u

( U% K K A 0&
Translation: O Speaker! (A’mr ibn Kalthum) defaming about us in the court of A’mr (Ibn Hind). Is there
any survival (for such defame)?
Explanation: u
( U% K : Talebearer, defamer.
y <j T R % G 'L % ... 5N h
*( ;< ; 7*
Translation: Don’t think in ignorance. Surely enemies have defamed us before.
Explanation: R : He defamed.
y 1 !< _
K ,0 x5S P< ... 4= & T (O* MC S UM2D
Translation: Vicissitudes of time fall upon us but we are reckless mountains. Heavy clouds scatter (from
the peak of that mountain.)
Explanation: MC S : Vicissitudes of time. (O*: They fall. P<=4&: Reckless. x5S: Mountain. _
K ,0: It
scatters. y 1 : Heavy clouds. The poet has compared his tribe with a mountain which is not affected by
any calamity.
y j ( 7( TB* ... '"7

( C !(;)(T JG( 4 N
Translation: (The king A’mr Ibn Hind) belongs to A’ad Iram. Horses move with him. They refuse an
exile due to their enemy (they fight aggressively).
Explanation: JG( 4 N: Belonging to 4N O<, the ancient nation of Arabia. In the Quran, h
T4 'C 1 DC ?
"= C * := C&C
O( 1( 8
( Cz 4 N( OH 1T(.
( C: It moves. y j : Exile
y ) !( 0C G MO P(G ... J(#0 PG 'L D&
b $-KG h
a ;( G
Translation: He is a just ruler. He is better than any one who walks (i.e. all human beings). He is beyond
all praises.
Explanation: The word $-G (just) is commonly used in the Quran e.g. I
( 0K ! U; UMN(
($= -( (T := K "= T := 2L = CD
V
k( $
( - K . It seems that the poet went to the extreme in flattering the king which resulted in the decision in
his favor.

y Gj (T C#* "N g ... OBD :K*O4& b Uk>K 0&

Translation: (We are so wise and good planners that) whatever project you want, give it to us. All people
will become satisfied with that (project/our plan).
Explanation: b Uk>K : Project, plan. C#*: He became satisfied. y Gj : Public.
y " j 8
K SGj !( "D I
( %( ... D (
;(G P="T G :K#5 M N
Translation: If you dig the land between Milhah & Saqib (two areas), you’ll find dead and alive there.
Explanation: :K#5: You dig. Arabs used to believe that the spirit of a murdered person remains
wandering until his murder is avenged. After taking the revenge, it becomes free and the person dies. The
poet says that there are many people who avenge has not been taken. It is an indirect threat to the enemy
that we are ready to avenge from you.
y 1 ";< ! pK SKK ... E PD MC SLBC$K* G :K1G &

Translation: If you refuse for what you’ve been requested (i.e. reconciliation), then which (tribe) can you
describe having dominance over us.
y 4 3L E OH SCA ~
K &4 ... G 'L ( SK0 J(,K0 d"
Translation: The person who escapes from us cannot be safe even if he is on the top of a mountain or
hidden in a volcanic field.
Explanation: G 'L ( SK0: He escapes from us. OH SCA: Mountain. 3L E : Volcanic field. y 4: Hiding
y <4( H g P( T PK 5 'g ... 4K ( K FC zN (GS% ?
( "2
Translation: (Have you borne) troubles like our nation, when Mundhir fought (and we fought along with
him). Are we shepherds for Ibn Hind?
Explanation: The poet says that we helped Mundhir in his wars as friends. We are the shepherds of the
kings of Heera. We have borne the troubles in friendship. In such wars, the tribe of A’mr Ibn Kalthum did
not fulfill their oath to the King Mundhir. Therefore, they were killed in punishment. The poet is making a
ridicule of his enemies.
y "-Rj !T C#* eb ;C T ^
( ... K G& P( 0OSjT :Kg D
Translation: (A’mr Ibn Hind) led them with two black things (i.e. water & dates). Allah’s decision is
implemented and culprits are harmed with it.
Explanation: eb ;C T: Implemented, fulfilled. C#*: He is harmed. y "-Rj : Culprits, criminals.
The word P0OS& indicates the hardship of that military expedition when they had to live on just two
things, water and dates.

y :K 7R qL | 9 DC 4 ... P2 x4KL :L0 :C

Translation: They did not deceive you but attacked at morning time when mirage was clear and they had
made their personalities clear.
Explanation: q
L | : Mirage. The poet says that we are not coward. We did not attack you at night time.
We attacked you at morning when everything was clear.
y O( F ( T> P(G ...

K K 70 PH 1k(T :Kg5OOD
Translation: We made their wounds (and blood oozed out of them) as water comes out of the hole of a
water bag.
Explanation: ( T>: Hole. O( F : Water bag.
y G( qL 2K* zN xg ... 4( T MH E$C E_4 pK 5= %C &
Translation: We avenged the king of Ghassan for Mundhir by force. At that time, blood was not
measurable.
Explanation: pK 5%&: We avenged from him. q L 2K*: It is measured. As described earlier, the kingdom of
Heera was affiliated with the kingdom of Persia while the kingdom of Ghassan was affiliated with the
Roman empire. Both of them used to fight against each other. In a battle, Ghassids killed Mundhir, the
king of Heera. The tribe of poet fought with the Ghassanids to take revenge for that. Blood was not
measurable is an 0for excessive killing in the war.
¥ D& (5O PG 3b D ( .... S-; L "

K K 7* ;)G
Translation: From similar relations, sincerity comes out for a nation. There are many relations beyond
this relation.
Explanation: 3b D: Relation, plural ¥ D&
¥ T y P 0(4" ( ... S0 ;< K "# _ Sg

Translation: He (A’mr Ibn Hind) is the master and witness of the war of Hayareen (when we succeeded).
The affliction (of that day) was a great affliction.
Explanation: The word ¥ T is used as 325 to express its seriousness.
Face the Challenge!

You’ve studied the two poets competing in expressing their pride on their tribes. Compare the style of
both and identify the distinguishing features of the poetry of each poet. If you feel interest in the Arabic
poetry, read . M S0O which includes poetry about war and pride about one’s tribe. Also read 3K
_1 41R& which contains the major portion of Pre-Islamic poetry.

Lesson 16A: Use of Communication for a Different Purposes
Dear Reader!
In Arabic, like other languages, communications are Build Your Personality
used for delivering a message. The message has an Time is a scarce resource. Utilize it in
apparent purpose. Sometimes, a message has a purposeful activities.
hidden objective not described in words.
Normally descriptive sentences are used to inform the audience. Now, for instance, a person does not behave
well with his father. A sincere relative may tell him, ST& g (This is your father). The objective is not to
inform the person that the person under discussion is his father. He already knows it. The objective of this
communication is to draw his attention to change his behavior and treat his father well. Types and examples
for communications intended for a different purpose are as follows:
• 4K 9tSG Jt 9t: In Arabic, sometimes, past tense is used to describe an event of present or
future due to various reasons:
• To describe that the future event is confirm. For example, nsW
nsW
h
K ;C h
T4 Q (Your Lord will
come with angels [organized in] rows). Here, a future event i.e. the Day of Judgment is under
discussion. Past tense is used to describe that the event is beyond any doubts.
• To warn that the future event is about to come. For example, 3S; G% % (The prayer [i.e. the
people performing the prayer] stood for the prayer). This phrase is recited just before prayer that the
prayer is going to start.
• To describe a good fortune or optimism. For example, ( iC"E$(T Q P= G (C)G= &C K #
= < !K ;C DC ( $

(T Q P= G
;C ) G( UN( F,
= 0K CD
(Whoever will bring a good deed, he will be rewarded 10 times and whoever will
bring a bad deed, he will be rewarded equivalent to it). Here, a future event i.e. “if Allah shall like” is
described in past tense to describe the good fortune.
• Jt 9tSG 4 9t: On the contrary, sometimes, present / future tense is used to describe an
event of past due to following reasons:
• To describe something amazing to generate its picture in the mind of the audience. For example, !K U;
nT
K )(KDC
0 'C 4= &C (U
(Allah is the One Who sent the winds which caused movement of
clouds). Here, a past event i.e. “cause movement of clouds” is described in present these. The
objective is to draw a picture of clouds moved by the winds.
• To describe continuity of a verb in past. For example, := (1 C ( G= jQ P= G(
H )(C J(D := 2L 1K "(kK0 S= C (If he [the
prophet] was following you in most of cases, it had become a problem for you). Here the conditional
word S is used which is only used with the past tense. The objective is to describe the continuity of
the action.
• #56 9tSG 7 9t: Sometimes, descriptive style is used for persuasion due to following reasons:
• To describe good fortune, optimism or a good wish. For example, :; !";< ^ ;W (Blessings of
Allah and peace be upon him). The prayer for the Prophet is expressed in the words of a description.
Actually the sentence is !; !";< 'W :; (O Allah! Bless him and give peace to him).
• To express one’s strong desire for something or to motivate the audience . For example M &C JT4 $<
J(0( = 0 (I hope my Lord will guide me). There is a hidden prayer for guidance in it.
• 7 9tSG #56 9t: Sometimes, persuasive style is used to describe something due to following
reasons:
• To draw specific attention towards something. For example, := 2L g SKK SK"(%&C
($= -( (T JT4 G &C ' %L
P 0 !K C V
( ;( 7
= GK pK SK<O= H (,$
= G 'L = <(
(Say! “My Lord has ordered to for justice, for
establishing your faces near each Mosque [for prayer] and for calling Him with a religious
sincerity.) Here the words pK SK<O= and SK"(%&C are used to draw the specific attention of the audience.
Otherwise, the same meaning can be described in the way = <( := 2L g SKK G%N
($
= -( (T JT4 G &C ' %L
< H ,
($
= G 'L .
• To show the equivalency of two options. For example, : = 2L = G( 'C E-C 0K P= C ng=C = &C n<=SAC SL-( 5C& ' %L (Tell
them! Whether you spent [in Allah’s way] willingly or by force, it will not be accepted.) Here
persuasive style is not to convince the unbelievers on spending in Allah’s way. The objective is
to describe that whether they spend willingly or by force, it is unacceptable without believing in
Allah.
• 46 -G ± 4K t6 : Sometimes, pronouns are used instead of name of a person under discussion. The
objective is to hide his personality. It also indicates that the person under discussion has captured the
mind of the speaker. Sometimes, a pronoun is used before the name in order emphasize on the person. For
example & ^ Sg (That Allah is One).
• 4t6 -G ± 46 : Sometimes, a noun is used instead of pronoun to emphasize on the person under
discussion or to motivate the audience. For example, Allah said in the Quran, O *K M &C := L K GK B 0 ! U; UMN(
;( g= &C CN( 8
( 5GjQ (Surely, Allah instructs you to return the trusts to their right owners). Instead of a
pronoun, Allah has used His name to emphasize that the instruction is from Allah, so people should
follow it.
•
41 'g,*: Sometimes, a known thing is described as “unknown” to express emotions like
astonishment, praise, pride, ridicule or regret. For example, Allah describes the punishment of the Hell as,
MC K( = *K := K5=&C = &C Cg a
=$
( DC &C (Is this a magic or you do not see?) The question will not be asked to get
information from the people about the punishment. The objective is to express a ridicule on their
condition.
• :"(2.
C _S;&: Sometimes, in response to a question, the answer is not provided. Instead of that answer,
something else is described to express that the question is so stupid that its answer should not be provided.
The expressed thing is more important than answering that question. For example, M &C _
( 2( 'L g= &C h
LBC$
= 0
h
(zC P= G( &C SGK SLBC = -C DC ( E$ P= G( nT( := ( "= ;C < qC F*K (People of Book ask you whether a book will be
brought down on them? They have asked Moses [a miracle] bigger than this.) Here the answer of their
question is not provided to show that their question is stupid. Allah has passed a comment on their
attitude with Prophet Moses $ 3S; !";<.
Face the Challenge! What is meant by 8 $G _AN +,=0N?

Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Identify the type of communication used for a different
purpose. Read the context, if something is not clear.
Analysis :$% J(T<

The question is not asked to seek #56 9t <( K J(U ( ; 7
K L E = &C a "= > h (zC C&
information. It is a persuasion. cl 9tSG (25:15) M C SL-EK
!( U; = < MC SK-L 0 P 0(U .V -( ( C UN( !( T( ' ( 0K G
'C W
SK0 M &C !( T( !K U; G &C G MC SK1kC - 0 !( (%C)"(G ( 1= T P= G(
MC K( 7 := gK h i(C= &L }
( 4= jQ J(D MC K$ ( 0K
(2:26-27)
C;< * G SK$ C T( ~ E !K U; L (> 0K S= C
$
GK 'H &C CN( := gK K > 0K P= 2( C H ET O =PG( g( = C
(35:45)
(36:47) !K 1 A &C !K U; y #0 S= C P= G :K 1( k 5K&C
Q P= G (C)G= &C K #
= < !K ;C DC ( $
(T Q P= G
(6:160) ;C ) G( UN( F, = 0K CD ( iC"E$(T
(79:27) gT y E$ = &C n-;> R &C := K5=&C&C
:= ( T4 = <( := ( ( y4K SK$( 5 MC SKG( ,
= K z N( * S= C
(32:12)
pK = < !K U; ?
;( 7
= 0K P= ;C DC n=< !( U; = <( =:*K 7
E* C&
(2:80)
(11:12) h
a ;C G !K 1 G Q = &C Fa = C !( "= ;C < qC F( 5L& =SC
Face the Challenge!

In what cases, _AN is better than +,=0N? Describe different types of _AN and give one
example of each.

Analysis :$% J(T<

:( ; 1( P= G( Q G ( 1= T P= G( := gK Q Sg= C&
1= E* P= i(C
(2:145) V ( (U P= ( C nz(N h E5N(
= <( K ; <( E5N( ' %L ( < E$ P= < ~
K E h LBC$= 0
n0(%C ML SL2* C < E$ U'1 C h 0(4= 0K G !( U;
(33:63)
4( E C;< := gK S= 0 .P( 0 K S= 0 MC E0&C MC SLBC$
= 0
(51:12-13) M C SK 0K
a "= > S gK (U(T 5O= &C S gK (U MC SL( =$
= *&C
(2:61)

; %L 5C&&C : 0= G P T= $"(< 0 !K U; CqC% z N(
!( U; M( KO P= G( P( "= CN( JG&L J(5L7( E* ~
( E;(
(5:116)
n(W 'C ( < ( >( | ( S= " !( U;(T P G P= G
(2:62)
:= 2L "= ;C < !( U; 'L
= DC =S;C DC h
(zC ( 1= T P= G( := K"= US * E:L
(2:64) P 0(( 7 P= G( := KL2C !K K = 4
MC SLSL-0 E:L := ( 0(0=BCT( _ 2( MC SKK2 0 P 0(U;( 'b 0=S DC
:= K C 'b 0=S DC
n "(;%C nC !( T( K#= "( !( U; ( = <( P= G( Cg
MC SK$( 2 0 EG( := K C 'b 0= := ( 0(0=&C = C EG(
(2:79)
Rule of the Day!

Some nouns describe a nation or tribe or group of people. A is added at the end of them to
describe a single person belonging to that nation. For example Fa "(;2( 5N (British), ¡F( "(;2( 5N (A
British person),
a K *K (Turkish), ¡J( K *K (A Turkish person), 4a 5& (Helpers), ¡4( 5& (A person
from helpers) etc.

Lesson 16B: Styles of Expression in the Quran
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall study a writing of a famous Indian
Scholar who spent his life in understanding the Quran. This The intuitive mind is a sacred gift and
writing describes the eloquence of the Quran. the rational mind is a faithful servant.
1Jg " ( 1( ML- I

K "(&
ML $; (14:4) “.!( G( S= %C M( $;( T( UN( qH SK4 P= G( ; 4= &C G” :o1* ^ q% :_2 k> PG
pg '2 5OD& :(*( 4RN : D :(G I "& L'K #0 Sg 'T ./ Új d"
:K D s'2 P(G OS -f .H H Gj K 2 9K ( ,0 'L GB '$0 J2 3 ;< xT 4( SGj
.DSf Sg ^ p(O KG I
K $ M( -
!2 M-T 7KG 28 ( OK _( 2 d" _2 g ::( ;1 J(D _ ( 2 9K t SG
!5S2 M( -T E¬> G K "= _1 ( I ( "& ( S< ± !K2K (,0 !(&(T (P Pa G

a 4( SKW :;< g a¾> a O( G :a ;< C ; sM& @
K .( L; SK (W P g .qH S4 ;< n EFGK
....! a *=N !5{D .S( 1T !K1%SG .a <
2 ( T 9( S :;1 L A N (8 Of _ PG O S -f sM& :_(2 L 0C
4( S K 8T 9( S :;1 L A N _2 g PG OS -f h2D !(gO( S !(GFT(
`0 !(1% SG ¬
( " 7* M( O PG ¾> _ H S;BT :( ;1 /
Í M{D .(1 9% SG (I"j
....'( 0(B ( SK$ x"< xTT
(1) He was an expert of Quranic Studies. He was a cousin and student of a famous scholar Shibli
Naumani. He was also an expert of Hebrew language. He was the founder of a famous religious school
“Madrat-ul-Islah” at Utter Perdesh, India. He has conducted distinctive research work in the area of
Quranic Studies. His area of interest is determining the organized structure of the Quran which he calls :5
2 . He died in 1930. (2) An indication to author’s another book named “Mufradat-ul-Quran” which he
wrote to explain certain words of the Quran.
Abstract
a 4( SKW Parallel SK (W Way of expression,
plural of _S;&. I
( "&
Bundling (with other
words_
( F Material, concrete
a O( G Separately 3 ;<

M- I"&
'L WS ML -( D (1)
& P( "= ; ¥ J(,G M -D .'H -$G 'H DC ± ?
k1 5 1? ( kC 1 PG :<& MC (- sM& ::;<
C G G D HM1G ;< 'b O !"D .?
( k1 ( "= T & ?
( k1T M ¥ S (P"= ;C G P( "= S%
.
K ,
E# :K ,
= E MH $
= K = E# :o1* q% .Js;L 1G ± P( "= 0- K R :D
K T( K -C d
d
K # & .3b E1 GK 3b E7$ GK (5(S ;< UqO H ; G P( "= ;K, 9( tS(DC (55:5-6) .M( , K$ = 0
± D Kg E7 :H * (5S ;< b O hz ± HS;1G 4H % ;< M0,* K -
.8 ( Oº :( C< PG !(*0 PK "T& Kg !(*SL2;C G w
( 1 M , K $0 !(0O( S<
^ K $ M( S" P( "= C1 sM& ;< ! E5 ´( 1 g O SK,K C zC (T (8 :C< z :L
}
( 4= jQ J(D P= G 8 ( S E$ J(D P= G !K C K , K$ = 0 ! U; UM&C * := C&C :MC - !T EW .o1*
!( "= ;C < E
a )(C ~ ( E P= G( a )(C _ E K , E# qL ,
( K SK, K -C d
K = E#
(22:18) ._ K C1
FK 0F1 ” & “4a ( -KG Fa 0F<” :o1* !S- .2 x"(* x"(tS* >æ P( "= 0- ( & ML S :G
.“( C-(5 Lz Fa 0(F< ” & “4K E,

(1) It means joining two or more words or sentences. Joining sentences (i.e. bringing them together) gives
a specific sense whose details are mentioned here.
(2) Sometimes, two words are brought together to indicate more clarity and emphasis. For example: F0F<
and 4-G have similar meaning but bringing them together adds more emphasis on “power”.
It indicates, it means UqO Joining words or sentences

by a conjunction
?
( kC 1 Joining, connecting ML -(
Two joined words /
sentences
P( "= 0- Joining, connecting 'L WS

FK 0F1 ” “:K " FK 0F1 ” “4U FK 0F1 ” :o1* !S- .1P( "= ;C T-G P( 0G& ?K # :G
.“:K ";1 FK 0F1 ” “:K "2.
PK E"0 .“F0F1 ” òT :( ";1 :( "2. :( " 4( s H W> H T ( ;7f 8 ( M( % ±
4a S K g .J; ( G& * = : ;1 C 2. sM{D .J;L ( G& * C C ;( 7f pg sM&
P(G L 2. 3( 4 L- PG 'L 1 (:;1 P(G C 2. sM{D .8 ( ( "5( ;< h T a "(<
H < 1G * b ;> O ( g( I K $ C ;7f 8
( sM& .34L- P(G 3L EF1( ( =
p( 3b "= ) b ;C )(G& 3( - 3( 4S ( >( & ± .8
( 1G * '>* s; 8 h2D
.'( (
H SG J(D 9K ,* 'L >K * 5N 'T H/1T PG (1T F( 0(* < K"5 d" ( "5 ST O f
.!(1t( SG J(D ¦
b S$G Sg OSKS q( C oN * 5{D < Js;L
(_k(7
K S*) 8
K ( _
K Ck7
( D (2)
TKD .I
( AC 7 I
( A( 7 P( "= "(1* ± x"= ) y ;1 ? ;C > % .8
( E( K P(G g C D1G sMN
.p( O( T( PK 5 G PH "* C ;()G& K -C 5K q( SWj ( z 'L C% ."N 9K ( 0 q( SW& P(G
J( !T O f M& P 0$f ( G< oN 4K O( *K b3g b 0(%C gK $" H oN _
K kl Q zN
:_
kl sM& Gj L -"- .:"< BHk> ;< :KgOK 4S 0K g .$ !";<
& :KEG< GN .~ !T OK f 5N :K5$ :KGK GN !(5S r
L " PG J( oN !K S0 T4 &
.~ oN ( -"-. ± _klD :G b A
.¢-( $KG ~ oN !K S 0K T4 _
(1) Sometimes, bringing two words or sentences indicates comparison of two opposite things. For
example F0F1 (Powerful) is brought with 4 (Forgiver) to indicate Allah’s mercy along with His power.
It indicates the Divine Balance and Perfection in God’s attributes. Same is the case with other example.
It takes them to :KgOK 4S 0K Perfection of God’s
Attributes
OSKS q( C Holistic, entire, complete J;L
Their spokesperson /
representative
:K5$ Regarding O( W
Differentiation F( 0(*

' %L .
S gK h
GK S= %C !( T( _
UC :15j 34S ± o1* !S% D :;)GjT K K"D qj GBD
J( Sg K S I K AC 7f D (6:66-67) .MC SK;C 1= *
S= ¡-C $
= GK {H5 '2L ( .'H "(S T( := 2L "= ;C <
K $
= C
.:; !";< ^ ;W
*(0 J(D MC SKtSK70 P 0(U 0=&C4 CzN( .L Gj !(G OK f S ICA7fT hz 1T Å
9 G 1= T = 1K - * CD ML Ck"= E# h
E"$
( K0 EGN( p( ( "= C r
H 0( J(D SKtSK70 E := K = < }
= ( <= BCDC
:< St K ( <D SKt> z{D ^ 8 ( 0T :gKUC * M& :2";< 5N & (6:68) .V ( (U ( S= -C
....} K <6 K "= :P0G& :KG F D
. a ( T MC SL; 1= * T( !K E5N( =S k * h 1 G _
* P= G 8 = G( &L C := -( = CD :o1* !S% G
:= %( &C .MC K K* E:L Q "(= &C P= G( !( U; M( KO P= (G := 2L C G 4K E := 2L E$ DC SK;C C P 0(U CN( SKC = *
.P 0(( U;( z( h (zC 8 ( Ci"E$ P = g( 0K 8
( $
UMN( '( "= U; P= G( nC+K 4( E J(D CA 3C E
;W J( k ST Gj -"- ± L Gj ~ K !T IA( SK> “ =S k * ” :!S-D (11:112 to 114)
.:; !";< ^
.J( ( kC ( "= PG ~ ( oN !a SG Sg ( S oN MS20 _ kl sM& Sg :J(5) G&
!S% hz ;)G& PG ...8 0A ;< !(Tk> 'C % & J(T _ ( kl 1T hz L",0 T4
= &C gK K &C 2( = <( EP ;L = 0 EGN( n5$ = N( P( 0= ( S(T pK E0N( UN( KK1= * U&C h T4 %C :o1*
P= G( q K C / = ( >= .nµ(C n S= %C K C ' %L gK = = *
&L K C ' -L * CD gK (
(17:23-24) . n(W J(5"ET4 C K = 4= _E4 ' %L ( = E
OK f 9( , ( " T >L& ( S ( " T 3n E D P="Tk> P "= T 9 8
a 0 @
( "$ ( g ±
:C :; !";< ^ ;W J( M{D (D1f 5O& ! PG ;< C70 (G g .SK1K G
O( G ;< 9a A% 'b "O "D d" G 80| PG P2 .M( $ 6T I K AC 7K0 P "= E" pK P= 20
.'( 0B P$ ( D1G 2 I("& ;< ( A6 P(G J(*B0 : ( =" ( S1

8 :_
( kl
( S* P(G
IA7K0 n (R x"0 K ( ;"D .n UD }4j 'C g& I(A7K0 x0 x"k> % M- M
:L “ := ( "= CN( J( SK5 n 4( UN( h ;( = %C P= G( ; 4= &C G ” :o1* q% .M- ± a "= ) g . z g
:q% J( oN C Å .“MC SK;C 1= * := K= L M N( ( 'C g= &C SLBC=CD” :q% ~ oN
16: 43-) “M C KU2C 0 := K U;1 C := ( "= CN( qC F5K G ~ ( E;( P "K( h
"= CN( F 5C& ( TKF 8
( "(T”
.....(44
8 SD
pK 5 G1 !K* D PG ._
( 1 × 2g x =") M- × 8 M& ::;< (&)
»N ,!T ' G Sg G oN ;0 3n ) &x4SG& 0 p(; * !(; PG MC $56 M{D .9(G$
pKOSKK '0F0 8 4K ){D .!K *O < 0 !"D
K 0 hz !( !( t
( !"N ;0
;< 8O ! hz 1T Å .8 PG x<S5 N d" 2 M{D (2 (; p10
:1T 4SG&
!S% )G .I ( ( "W 1T I AC > zN I ( ;- (D 9 %C & !C;1,"( 1"1 4K N :D
4K C 5 =S-C E* P 0(U J,5K E:L .n" ( - G n= h T4 C;< MC C gOK 4( UN( := 2L =G( M N( ” :o1*
:hz '% q% M2f :g M$56 K z g sM{D (19:71-72) “.n")(( "(D V ( (U
:= C 'L = %C P= G( pK - ;C > E5&C ML $5(6 K L 0 &C .n" K >= &L
S= $ C G( G C(&C ML $5(6 qL SL-0 ”

: E qC S= := K E5 (
= KC E:L V A( "E# (P02f g &) := K E5 # K = C h
T4 S DC ni="R P= 2L 0
C= &C := gK P 0(U(T :K ;C <= &C PK = C E:L .n"(<( P( = E C;< R &C := K 0&C H 1 "(R 'L P= G( EP< F( = C E:L .n")((
....0| “...gOK 4( UN( := 2L = G( M N( .n";( W ( T(
(1) In these verses, the offenders were described as 3rd person. Suddenly such offenders are addressed “It
will come to you…”. The objective is to bring the topic under discussion i.e. hell in front of eyes of the
audience. It results in alertness.
Kneeled down n")(( Motionlessness, being in

the same state
OK SKK Acclimatization, having habit
of
( ; *

4( 6 N IK AC 7K0 .hz 9$0 ICA7f M& ;< hz q K 0 ._ ( kl 3R( :G
(10:91).“P 0($
( K P= G(
= L 'L = %C
"= < = %C MC | C&” :o1* !S% ± .3( #
3R 3( N hz G xt I ( '1, D .4H T ± I";- _W& J( IA>
._kl
.!< xt <N ! x"= * 9( G$ P< !( S
K W :G
!T I
AC > ; hz PG x"B* R& "= " :g(& oN K 0# _
( kl
W :G
.}
( v V1G$ ± !;>O& T4 .!G 9%S0 D :; !";< ^ ;W J (
3( 4S q& ± Q G hz PG .C "g 2 & 4 25j !G 9%S0 P(T /01 :G
'( A ;< :g4 WN ± P 0( K 4 2 :(%5 ( z ± O S" I
K A7K0 :;D .3( -
..
( St 1T
: SD h .I
H AC 7KG oN I
H A( 7KG P(G 8 8 PG (_)
=") * IA7K0 Å .ICA7f ( F=G 1D x"* ( f ± I ( T K 2 ³0 TD
.( (* 34S ± * 2g .J( ( G ± H "= gK+ P( T I
( 1C 3C " % L5& ._ ( 1 `
( ( G ±
_%& ( "(T z{CD . (t Å x f 1T <T *0 (<K ;< K 2 C'R z{D
... .9( G$ :;2f PG " W>N "1*
M C .I 3( R ;< H O R& !"D _
K kl ("T 'L & I
K $5&
K "TS K F
:1pS ;< !T *0 9G$ !< K U0 (G K F
.ETS K ! TR PG H % ( T !"N 4K #K0 T4
.p=" !T IA7K0 TD
.<º !T IA7K0 T4
(1) Scolding may have three possibilities: (a) Addressing a person but the scold is directed towards
another person. (b) A person is scolded indirectly by describing a situation negatively that is similar to one
being scolded. (c) A group is scolded together but it is addressed as a single person. It indicates that each
member of that group is being scolded separately.
Easier to associate I
K $5& Scolding
K "TS Expressing smallness /
humiliation
x"= *

K - ;C > P= G J(54= zC ” :o1* !S% “!!E * !K C

5=BCDC .= = P= G EG&C” :o1* !S% qj q)G
.4K s2L ( "(TS OK 4( SG J( ICA7D .34S$ > oN “... nOK= G n G !K C K ; 1 . n"(
qC C%” !( (4 oN C !2 $ !";< SG 9G M !K G M& MC S<D ( % ± * x0&
8 7 E* P= i(C” :q% SG IA> K!K ER f Å “Mb SK, = C := 2L "= CN( 'C ( 4= &L (U := 2L CSK4 UMN(
(26:29) “P "= 5(SK,$= P= G( h E;C 1 = jQ ("= C n CN(
G ML $5(6 0&C 0” :o1* !S% r
( ) q)G .3=") pS ;< ML- ± =") å) q)G
(82:6) “¤
( ( 2C h
T T( EC
3- 34S ± * ( "T(S OK 4SG Sg PG oN _ K Ckl
K ( = 0 T4 (" g 1T

3b 4RN hz ' ± K 1 _
K kl :v qC )Gj _ t
:v S & ( z 1T 'C " N J(T IA>
.( , 34S 5& (M- ± ) g .xAC 7KG 'L 1 ," PG oN
K C
D (3)
Face the Challenge! Identify three examples from Quran for each of
the categories mentioned in this lesson for "TS* + . Also read the
context of verses mentioned in this lesson.
} M{D .9K G( $ !G K CBC0 !(5KT K 2 :K K0 G qL S .q( S- P< q( SKL ¦ L -N hz
9 ( $f sM& zN .'-& K 1 T& 'gz& P0g ;< O + ;2D .="(B D6 N d" r ( 0(. PG
."D
( . 4( % ± L $j = (;>L& (B ( PG H *G I

( * G ;<
K 2 M sM{D .C U'%C G :g< q( S%j ` K, 5=& M :(5(gz& ( %S* 1:(;D _
K 1 G&
& K = & GN !5& I
( $KT :C :1 !K E,G :g< C -C ni"R J(K0 < =_ 0K :C
::g * h;D !";< SK1(AL :; :g0,( / ( 1T PG :(G ±
( . K G& M2D .9 $f K 0K
(1) If a person explains something unnecessarily or provide well-known details, Arabs think that he is
considering them fool. It makes the communication ineffective.
Detailed I
( $KG Puzzling 'gz& Deletion, omission ¦
L -N
Fool K = & Intelligence ( %S* Unnecessary q( SKL
Temper, nature 0,( Thrown out !K E,G It affects K CBC0

.:Kg S>& MS"(5 =1 h :( ,

1 '( j N :G S;2#0 ´ .:Gjy 1 $&
> (&)
.I" 9 0 :k7(T H G& s' SL-$
D .g)&
( L. 3( B"g PG I ( " ± SLk-L (_)
.3H ;< _T × :( fL ( Gj g ;< qC S- K sk$T
( 4O pg g=" ( "D (F"(" (= 7 Dt6
( T P< 2 KOE ()
.3 ;< _ H T × !";< 9#f r L .M( $; ( -*4 P(G "<
y - (:$- (¦#; _ Sº ('1 PG 0- !";<
= sO < 2 SK ;C > (O)
.S( ± hz
;< I 1K W
h;D .:g=" (D(T O20 .0C% F& ( ,. L ( -( PG SLk-L (p)
!"D +,=06 _T ± !< r
L .:()"() 4K ( S- K "= $ K 4( K0 .:()0 K 4 O :( ,1
.b E K SD
( 0-* × L k( 7K5 J2 (
. ± :"& : ;C 15 M& PG T x1R
K . M zN
K Gj 2g :(%K AL oN K 8
= RD .2 1G K " 0K T4 pK4-C 5K M{D .
(
.3( O 0F ±
PG b O 3b D _
H S;& '( 2 M{D ,";<
. q K 0 ½ S : ;15 M& J0 h

.ER pH SKK
:R 9% SG
; :
( . 9K % SG
(1) The author has described five reasons for not properly understanding the style of omission: (a) It’s
difficult for Non-Arabs to understand an alien language like Arabic or Hebrew in which figurative
language is common. (b) Various letters in a word are deleted. (c) It is hard to identify links among words
e.g. F""ó DtN etc. (d) Arabs summarize their communication by omitting well-understood parts of a
sentence like :$- _ S ¦R _ S. (e) Arabs omit various well-known details while describing a story.
Excited 4K Satisfying 9#f They obscure, they make

unclear
KOE
Fast :()"() Tired, dull-minded K "= $ Evolution ( -*4

± a "= ) g .“'L 10 MC C” 9( tSG ± “'L 10” 'L )G (4fT I ( UK J(tf
K :D
K K1= 0 [] C UN( MC KK1= 0 G ( Kg K K1= 0 EG( H 0= G( J(D P= 2L * CD” :o1* q% ._ ( 1
; 4= &C := C ” :
>F 34S ± o1* q% .“:g£T 10 M ” & .(11:109) “:= gK £K T
M G” & .(43:6-7) “MSLF( = $ = 0 !( T( SK5C UN( J(5 P= G( := ( "(*B 0 [] G .V (EjQ J(D J(5 P= G(
J(D J(= A( 7*K "( = ("K<= BCT( h ; L 9= W
= ” :OSg 34S ± o1* !S% !;)G .“:"*B0
& .“!K = G( K7 ( !( G( S= %C P= G( Bb;C G !( "= ;C < EG U;L h ; L 9K = 0 [] .MC SL% = GK := K E5N( SK;C C P 0(U
8
SL2;C G : "(g T=N( (5K h (C C ” :15j 34S ± o1* !S% !;)G .“h; 9 0 '1”
.“$ !";< :"g TN 5 ” & “} ( 4= jQ 8 ( S E$
:<# q% .I ( AC 7f :( D ;< xO< H!T#G 'H 1D 1T '1
:G
4 E yES* P 0(U ” :o1* q% .“MC S"1 P ; C ” & “5SK"1K [] I ( S P , = + ”
}( 4= jQ J(D C-&C ” :o1* q% 0& .“M=06 7* ” & (59:9)“:= ( ;( = %C P= G( MC 0=6( []
:o1* q% 0& .“ x4=5& "D &” & (16:15) “ n KK n45=&C [] := 2L T( "(* M &C J ( 4
.“P0 ST S$ ” & (4:36) .“n5$ = N( P( 0= ( S(T [] ni="R !( T( SL( # = *K ! U; KK<= ”
[] $ L 5=&C [] := L Q $5( [] 5Q $5( [] := L Q T=&C [] 5Q T=&C
K = 5” :o1* q% 0&
K
K 5 := L Q $5( :5& 5Q $5( PÕ := L Q T=&C :5& 5Q T=&C
K = 5” & “' ( = 5 E:L := 2L $ L 5=&C
.hz (3:61)“' ( = 5 E:L := 2L $ L 5=&C :5& $
L 5=&C
:o1* q% )& '" z < =") g GF 34S 5& : Fº
:G
(4:127) .“n"(;<
!( T( MC C ! U; UM{(DC H "= > P= G( SL;1 * G ”
The author has described different situations where a word is omitted. (a) The verbs Ô S>& M are used
with 4G '1D. In such case, the word M etc. are omitted. (b) If a verb is perceptible, it is omitted. (c)
While describing a condition, the result of that condition is omitted. In above mentioned example: It
means “Whatever good you’ll do, surely Allah knows it, then He will definitely reward for it.”
Face the Challenge! It is your assignment to search for more examples in Surat-uz-Zumur.
We pray for wrath of

God
' ( = 5 They used eyeliner to
make their eyes black
P ;
C They withdrew P ,
= +

:= gK = <( MC SK= 0 &C” :o1* q% xGSG ¦

L # M zN .1G Fº ¦
( #
:G
M{D g,0 P :g< 3C F1( SK0 M N &” & (4:139) .“n1"( !( U;( 3C EF1( UM{(DC [] 3C EF1(
.“^ ( "T ; 3C F1
a 0+ ( ” :qS-D .? ( k1 ± < 'W& ;< HT#G ;K ± 3G ( zL G
K :G
SK;( = 0 3b T(W b C(G := 2L = G( P= 2L 0 M {(CD” :o1* q% (a< a 0+ &) “.a< []
TW ?&” & “P 0( T(E 9 G !K U; !( U; M( z {(T( P( "= C &C SK;( = 0 [] ?
a &C := 2L = G( P= 2L 0 M N( P( "= C(G
.pK00 '0B g ;< sq0 0| > (8:66) .“V& S;0
pa SKK OS $ = * pa SKK /"= * S= 0” :o1* !S% )G :!G 'C % '( - qS-
K :G
.“MC KL 2 * := K= L T( _
C1 SL%LDC := 2L 5(0=N( 1= T := *K= C C &C [] := K gK SKK 8
= EOS = P 0(U EGBCDC
_T 9 4) .8 PG ;)Gj 3g )& .3=") ;)G& ! .“Ð& :v '"%” & (3:106)
(8
' %L ” :o1* !S% )G .!T 25& G ;< sq* 5j “'T” ; '% !T K 2( K0 G
:G
UN( MC SK-C 0 SK5C ' T 5K$
K= * [] ' T MC SLS-L "$
DC 'L = %C P= G( !K U; qC C% := 2L (C C 5SK1(E* P= C
.“5$* :5& 'T ^ '-0 ´” & (15:48) .“ n "(;%C
(21:95) “MC SK1( = 0 := K E5&C g2 ;C g= &C [] H 0= %C C;< a ” :o1* !S- ;K
:G
“. S10 M& 0% ;< ” &
~ ( !K U; %C CzBCDC ” :o1* q% .b ;T-G !";< sqO f P( "= ;T-f PG 1 V ( 5(
:G
(26:112) .“
( S= 7
~
( $& ( SK, : 1CA !K U; %C CzBCDC ” & .“
( S= 7 [] ( SK, []
'C 1 ” & (10:67)“[] n( = GK 4 E !( "(D SK2L $ = ( [] 'C "= U; := 2L C 'C 1 ” :o1* q% 0&
'C "= U; ; 1 ” :o1* q% 0& .“!"D SK n( = GK 4 E !( "(D SK2L $ = ( x;( KG 'C "= U; := 2L C
; 1 .x5S2 n( 'C "= U; ; 1 ” & (78:10-11)“.nR1G [] 4 E ; 1 .[] n(
...“.nR1G "(t 4 E
(1) If two things are compared and they have two elements. One element from each is described and its
opposite is omitted. Examples are obvious.

& “ ( w< P(G S q .... PG a "= > u K "1 ” :3F; PT ( 4. qS% g PG
PG “( "gD ”
D .('( -1 9G) 2 ± u ( "1 PG a "= > ( K . L 9G (( "gD ±) u K "1
PT < q% .( "gD oN q( T 4R& å) ( FLº PG “'L -1 ” qj ( FLº
=4F i(G OH KT qº d" & “ OKT
0O4K M N :C;<D ...4( F i (T qL Cº d"” :_ 1G
.8 4= F(
0O4K M N :;<D
T PT M$ q( S- .4K º (
) !";< sq0 G 4K -C "KD .4K Cº !T s;10 G
K :G
oN” .“-0 @
K K0 OH SA [] oN t4 .... !CS ~
( ( 6 'L :g” :!< ^ Jt4
.“!"N #G %” & “!"N [] %” _ g PG .“OSA oN 3b ($G” & “OSA
(T
= G 9K = & [] ^ ” :T PT M$ q% .:$- _
( S 'C % “”
:G
Vµ K ;-D” :d"- G q% .“ G 9Ù& ” & .“( Í J( ;< K "2T N ...h
.“ <% T& ” & .“ËW& h0 J&4 SK1k% S ... x<% T& [] ^
... .“[] ...H #
= < qH "C ( ,
= C ” ±
( K .:( $- _ S
K :G
.:;2f v !0 ½ J(51
K g & :G
Face the Challenge!

What are _S;- q1D&? Why are they used?
Face the Challenge!

What is qT? Describe its types and give two
examples of each of them.
You are wrapped in a

shawl

0O4K Hard work ( Life u
K "1
Shawl, cloth wrapped at
upper part of body
OKT Welfare ( "gD Shadow, (welfare activities) q(
Mountain OH SA Cloth wrapped at lower
part of body
4( F i G Foolish people S

1 ( oN OK SK1 G (4)

:G DA K L D .M- ± 3b ) b ;)G& _S;j v sMN
SLD= &C := 2L "= ;C <
K = 1 5=&C J(U J( 1= 5( KL z 'C "( = N( J(T 0” :3- 34S ± o1* ^ q% (&)
KL z 'C "( = N( J(T 0” :q% r" !";< O< Å (2:40)“M( SKg 4= CD E0N( := L ( = 1 T(
( L& (= 1 T(
.(2:122)“V ( C1 C;< := 2L K; EDC J5&C := 2L "= ;C <
K = 1 5=&C J(U J( 1= 5(
!( U;( SKGSL% Ck= SK 3( E 8 ( S;C E C;< SLD( ” :34S$ pg ± o1* q% 2g (_)
r" J(; 1 :K $(- (T Q T ( 3( S; T _ ( ( (*> ± D (2:238-239) “.V (5(C%
( = E (T SK"(1= SKG P 0(U 0&C 0 .M( KL 2 * J( K2L R= := L = L z &C J(5KL z CD” :q%
(2:152-153) “.P 0(T(E 9 G ! U; UMN( 3( E
J(D := gK P 0(U .MC SKG( = K `
;C D &C = %C ” :o1* q% r" MSGSf 3( 4S q& ± Q 2g ()
.“MC SLD( 0K := ( *( S;C W
C;< := gK P 0(U ” :;K, ( (*> ± q% :L (23:1-2) .“MC SK1R( > := ( *(W
.a "= ) g .....(T : > 3( S; T D (23:9)
_
( PG M#1 _ :3( 4S ± 2g .!( ( g& ( Gj '( W& ;< !"* !G OK S -f
.!T : > ( " ST D .3 3( #1 2 jT ³
K ( 0 2
H K>K
4 q=6 1T '" G (5)
:a SD hz ± ._1 ( M( - ± a < _
a S;& q=6 1T '"
/
G( :"D .H G 4SG& ;< S0 : 2C K 2 M& :;10 :H ;1T : "2. M& :D
.! 'C " * r"
.qS- 4 2* !K #0 g .& !=0 ´ G :K 0 :( W- M& :G
(1) It means describing something in start as an introductory sentence. Then describing other details. At
the end (or even during the conversation) returning back to the introductory sentence. The objective is
reminding the most important subject. (2) The Book of Exodus. (3) Ten Commandments (4) It means
describing something in an abridged way. Then describing its details. It is common in all languages.

3H C )&
K F( f I
K Uf ....H
C ± H E MH 1G !T K
( $"D .?
a "> : 2 sM& :G
.x$K K &
pS PG 'L 1 :K ;1 'L $"D .8
( E";( 2L S0 : 2 M{D .:";1 'L "$* :G
oN MS<$"D .q( S- < - ?>& I ( ;- < P( $K J0T ('-1 < x"T !5S2
.!(;
*
!K *K0
= 2( = &L _
a ( ” :o1* q% .'( " ; :g1( 0K -"D 'Wj 4( !5& :G
. SD ; :H "(2 ” :o1* !S% ± .“H "= (> :H "(2 M K C P= G( 1
= ;C DL E:L
C70 C 2 ( j K z G (7)
“8( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U ” )G .â C ( j T 1f ( -"- ;< L Sg
.“_
( Ck7 ( 'C = DC C 2 ( pK "= *” :$ !";< O O ( 15 ± o1* q% .=") g
.“MC SL-( K0 := gK % + 4 EG( 3E MC SK"(-0K I -( EK ; ( xgK ” :o1* q%
( "= (T MC SKG( = 0K P 0(U .V
( ;< r D .FC. ( F= 1; b 1G JD . ( 0K < _ K Jg .b A( T b W S- sM{D
UqO Ý P G PG P2 .AT W 0& Mµ6 g Å .OH SK#G K "= Sg Ý ML =06 !G 'L "KD
.!1tSG ± ¦ b S$G Sg K ( K0 J; 0 M& TKD .hz I $ 'C;1CD . !";<
(1) This verse is an example of q=N. The rest of the Surah is its '" *.
(2) It means that hidden outcome of something is described in words in order to motivate the audience.
For example, good deeds are an impact of faith, so they are described in the first example. The power of
making good decisions is an outcome of ‘wisdom’. So it is described in the second example. Similarly,
believing without physically observing God, establishing prayer and spending in Allah’s way, all of them
are outcome of being a J-G.
Carrying, understanding '(

* Generalizations 8
( E";( 2L It comes in front of (in mind) K
( $0
Seed 4( Mixed
K F( f

1 '( C '( WS pK SKK G (8)

´ ¢7KG 2 : 5 &4 D10 ´ PD .2 4 4K K* !";< :( ~ K & hz ;<
.'( '( WS p S K L 5 M| .!( (T ( PK $ !";< > .O f := 0
PG !2 .!(1T 1T !K
1T h";< OK ( 0 .:"-$f 7
3( g !( *(B"g ± 2 sM& :;<D
.'H D z MS20 T4 1f r L "
N G 0 H i" .
( . _T ± g5z pSS ( Fj / K 1T !( ("T PG
( K zN
'( " ;< > (1G !"T 'C > O& zN & .!($5 ± pKK "D .
K f 9 G( $ ! (0 M& 1T
9K G$ M zN N 7KG : 0 i" .} ( < _ ( T ± g5z pSS (} <
.p(OSK<K oN 9D :;2 @ ( "$( x4SLzL
M"T .2 (T ( 0(º I( A( 7K( C !0 ."> ( K( x1G oN x1G PG 'C -C 5 zN &
I
H AC ê PG ( 2 !
W
zN & .q( -5 _T ± g5z .p< n SD MS20 f
PG hK E$0 !5j hz .E" "D !*(4SW oN 1f P< '( D( K T ?
K k( 70 i" HIAC ê oN
.8
( _T ± 'L >0 g .!1T N 2 1G
(1) In a communication, two related sentences are described sometimes together and sometimes at a
distant. It is due to two reasons: (a) A word is omitted due to its perceptibility. (b) A sentence irrelevant to
the communication is added between the two sentences to describe something urgent. Such sentence is
called t1G ;K and this feature of the language is called } < . The prayer for the Prophet i.e. !";< ^ ;W
:; is an example of that. A person who does not understand these two reasons, may consider that the
communication is not organized. If a person understands the “central theme” OS< of that communication,
it will be easy for him/her to relate it.
Worth Reading
The Muslim and Christian Histories have some strange similarities. What are they?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0013-Similarities.htm
Worth-mentioning ( 0(º Pillar, central theme O( SK<K Disrupted ¢7KG

p=" 1 ?
( k1 ± I
( "j
K > G (9)

:o1* !S% (6:55) “V G( ( ,
= K 'L "( V ($= ( 8( 0| 'L C 5K h (C C ” :o1* !S% ± *
:o1* !S% (6:75) .“V (%( SK P= G( MC SL2"( } ( 4= jQ 8 ( S E$ 8 SL2;C G : "(g T=N( (5K h (C C ”
!S% (6:92) .“CS= P= G -L E&L 4 ( K( !( 0= 0 P "= T (U @ K GK a 4 GK pK F 5C& _
a ( Cg ”
.“ SL-DC 5 P 0(U : ;C 1= "( V(G( = K : ;C 1= "( !( U; M( z {((DC M( 1= ,
C- S= 0 := 2L TW&C G ” :o1*
(3:166-167)
V$ 80| ' 5 h :'"% !5B2D .!";<

( Sk1f ± 4a E-C GK Sg G ;< !T q( hz
@
" _
a g .:H ;< ;< MS2" }4j 8 $ 8S2;G :"g TN 5 h .!*0
. SK5F * "2 ^ Mz{D -; S0 :2TW& G .( -T$ I
L2
q% ="$ ! ;< 4-f ;< !T sq" V1t SG PG 80 ± _ S;j qL 0K T4
0&C 0” :> 9tSG ± (4:135) .“!( U;( Q RK
($ G( ES%C SK5SL SKG P 0(U 0&C 0” :o1*
= -( (T V
($-T ^ VG S% S5S q( j × O fD (5:8) .“ ($ = -( (T Q RK !( U;( V
G( ES%C SK5SL SKG P 0(U
_
K S;& P E"T hT !";< sqO "R P< = 2$D J(5) ± OK f 2g . ( $-T ^ R
.( 5K1
Cg UMN( SLC% 5( = <( P= G( := gK Q E;C DC ” :d5S0 34S ± o1* !S% _S;j '0* PG
(10:76-77) “.M C K ( E$ ` K ;( 0K Cg a
= ( &C := L Q EC
; ( MC SLSL-*&C SKG qC C% .V
a (GK a
=$( C
. 2( 5L& G 8
H { 4( 256 K D “ Cg a = ( &C” ::vS- “V a (GK a =$ ( C Cg UMN(” ::vS-D
.("C;L J( 8 ( ß J(*B0
(1) It means that change in the style of expression also indicates specific meaning. For example, in the
verse V G( ( ,
= K 'L "( V
($
= ( 8
( 0| 'L C 5K h
(C C , initially :;2G 9ë is used, then the style of t r5G is
used. Instead of saying: “We clarify our signs to elucidate the way of offenders”, it is said: “We clarify
Our signs so that the way of offenders becomes clear.” The objective of that is to draw the attention of the
audience and to indicate that V ($
= ( has relation with both 8 ( 0| and 'L "( .
Phrase before ?k<

.
Embracing ( 5K1 Opposite of
Sk1G.
!";<
( Sk1f Hidden / implied 4a E-C GK

1 } (< G (10)

:a SD ! pS ;< a "= ) Sg
!( U; MC = K .MC K

= K C := K E5N( L E,
(
= ;( < = -C C n$5 ( E,
( P "= T !K "= T SL;1 ” :o1* !S% !D
& .} < “MC SL( 0 E< !( U; MC = K ” :o1* !S-D “.V ( ;C 7 = K !( U; O <( UN( .MC SL( 0 E<
.V ;7f ^ O < N MKC :Ñ&
}
( 4= jQ 8
( S E$ J(D K =
!K C .MC SK(= *K V
( MC SK$= *K V ( !( U; MC = $
K CD” :o1* !S% !G
.} < “} ( 4= jQ 8 ( S E$ J(D K = !K C ” 0| pg JD “.MC K( *K V ( n"#
( <
pg JD “.:H ; <( ( "= T( 8
H T V
(T !K C SL% > := K -C ;C > EP,
( Q C RK !( U;( SL;1 ” :o1* !S% !G
.} < “:= K -C ;C > ” 0|
g .R& g1T G ;% G VT
L T ,C ;0Sk 8
( , * Å .3b ="W 8
a K pD
...( T$T G MS20 T4
_
H S;& }
S(< _
H S;& q1 G (11)
!(5S2 GN K_ %& `
Kt
& '( 1$f MS2 GN > _
H S;& 'Í ± H _ ( S;& q1
.pH SKK h R & C&
3O0F G (12)
.`
( "tS & ( "B; n ; MC K0F0 T4 P2 .+,=06T :(<SLSK ( _
( 1 ( ± b ;";% 3L O0F
.(1f qED x + OK S -f Sg G '1,5 "2 (1% S(T :;1 PG T
(1) As discussed earlier, } < (here it is not in meaning of objection) means that during a
communication, an important but not directly relevant idea comes in mind of the communicator. He
describes it immediately between his communication and then resumes the original communication. It is
common in all languages. It has a lot of examples in the Quran.

G (13)

O 1 9K ,0 :)G M1G 3< 9K ,0 T4 .( 02 ( 0kT 3=") MH 1G ;< sq0
K .( ;7f J(51f VT PG O f P( "= "(1* 'C $" ;)G& ( R PG T h "= -
P= U&C ML $5(6 I
K $
= 0&C” :o1* !S% ± h ._( ,1 !( "; ....JT 8 ( 6T ML S20
(75:3) .“!K G C<
( 9 ,
= 5
q% .3b g !*425 Ý I ( A7f PG 4K %6 PK 0 ("#5 J(51; 9K = & K
J(D
a F= >( UN( := 2L = G( h
(zC 'L 1 0 P= G y F DC /
H 1= T( MC KL 2 * _
( 2( /
( 1= T( MC SKG( = KDC &C” :o1*
(2:85)“."5= 3( "
G Gj P(D .="- Gj F 4256 !" 4 %6 "B :p( SD PG
:= K5=&C ' DC S gK UN( ! CN( M &C !( U; (:; 1( T( qC F( 5L& E5&C SK;C <= CD := 2L C SK"(,$
= 0 := U{(DC ” :o1* !S% PG
MC KO n ( n2(&C CMKK1= * CzG !( G( S= %C !( "(TQj qC C% z N(” : G ( "= - PG ....(11:14)“CMSK;( $ = GK
(26:25) .“CMSK1 ( $
= * C& !K CS= P= ( qC C%” :0& (37:85)“CMK0(*K !( U;
¦# G (14)
:E 8O !"D pS ;< 'L ( 1$0 ¦#
& “.V
(G( = GK := KL M N( ! U; SL-E* ” :o1* !S% )G .I
( AC 7 4( %{T H G& 1 K FN :D
.:25=0{T M-( GK :25{D S- :2G(F;0
:= KL M N( := 2L 5KµN( !( T( := L K GK B 0 $
iT(” :o1* !S% )G .'( (- PG 4( 256 4K N :G
#
K * V ( 9K ,0 qL )f g .( SK$T :GB0 :25=0N sM{D .VGSKT( :K$ & “V (G( = GK
. 8a 4RN !"D .>yj Kg N
(1) It means asking to do something i.e. If you are believers, then you must be careful about Allah.”
His denial !*425 Non-descriptive

language
( "#5 Remoteness (of being
possible)
O 1

:0 M < q 3( 4S ± Q .'" ( z ( Fº

K ¦ ( # q( 1( p( S PG
¦
( # _
K S
(
K D (2:76) “.V
-( EK I
( 0K ! U; UM{(DC C-E* p( ( = 1 T( CD= &C =PG C;T”
.q( SL ( z P< '( " ( (T
P( "= ;C ( EK P "= T 'L C G (15)
'( < q( >O{T 9( k- 1 t1f ( ( 2 ( F& PG > H F q( >O{T V; f VT 9K k-
P< 'L < K 1K = 0 "2 .;0SA xG-C GK n S1G
K SWSf M zN .(
( SWSf VT
9K C 0 h
T4 8
( 0 /K 1= T J(*B 0 S= 0” :o1* !S- :( 0=- _ ( & / ( 1( qL S1f %L % .'( 1
(6:151) .“ n="> 5(µN( J(D
= $
C = &C 'L = %C P= G(
= G P= 2L * := C 2 5KµN( n$5
q( qL 1 G (16)
:pS ;< q( . qL 1
= U;C DC ” :0 1# 3( 4S ± o1* !S% !G .!"N
C := K %L <= &C ( f PG q. :D

....M( - ± _ ( 1 ± a < 4, P< qL . (26:4) 3“.V
1( t
( >
86 G (17)
.....pS !"N $KG oN H G& O( N ( J# 8
( 6
(1) It means that sometimes a word or sentence is included among two words but it is not a t1G ;K.
You’ve already studied the reasons for changing the sequence of pronouns at Level 4.
(2) The x$5 qS1G is brought before the K5=0N '<D.
(3) The word V1t> is 4Û because it is !"N
G although it should be _S G because it may also be q .
Worth Reading:
Aurengzeb Alamgir was the last successful king of India. He felt a great problem
about his education system. Read more:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE05-0001-Aurengzeb.htm

J G (18)

“.p4(T (0 ” :d ( "- y GN q% 1 ( KF; J5 ;< ( ; ( + JK 5 :D
8 ( S E$ J(D :K ;C 1= 0 T( ! U; MC SLi*K&C ' %L ” :o1* !S% _ ( S;j g ;1D .=") Sg
.o1* ^ GS;1G MC S20 M & !K GK F( ;0 C "# O S M{D .! O S & “:;10 ” .“} ( 4= jQ J(D
3( CEF ( 0(N 3( E ( C%N( !( U; ( z( P= < 9a "= T 3b 4 ,*( := ( "(; *K qb 4( ” :o1* !S% !G
( P "= ;( K ?
K W g MN P0$f 1D “.4K T=jQ _ K SL;-L !( "(D I
K U;-C * nG=S0 MC SLD70
.:($5BT 9 " 3C 4, MKR( K0 & (^
.) g /
K K 0 1(T “I
( 0K ” :')G .Jf ?
( 7( 8
( 6 3L O 4N :G
Sg ¾> 1T( '( 1 J5 _T PG ( -"-. ± hz (, " ( ( PG '( 1 J5 :G
:= ;C DC ” :0& (8:17) “G4 ! U; EP2( C
"= G 4 z N(
"= G 4 G ” :)G .," !G O K0 M&
.“:= K ;C %C ! U; EP2( C := gK SL;K- *
( ± L) “( "(1 ; ( H UC T( d
"= C ! U; UM&C ” )G .( f ;< 'C > O zN J( L G :G
p S "R ;< d";D” :q% x0& .qH -T d " y f ” :d"- GN q% ._ ( 1
.“M F7(T
.“P 0(= GK SK5C G ” )G .'<D : M ;< '>O zN .'-$f ± J E:* :G
.“ SKG( = "K( SK5C DC ” :)G .“'1" M G” !;)G
@ SK$DL r
C DC 4 CD” :o1* !S% ± (+ Sº J5 x5" & ( S%S J5 :G
( 'C 0(= * ” :o1* !S% !G .“®
O 4 & 1f g :( D K < .“!( U; ( ; 7 J(D qC (
?( 0* ;< &C D .S O 4 SG _ ( 1 M( $;(T '( º 9G O <O P(G x"= )
.4( 0 ´ r" PG M-
(1) It means negating something because its reason is not true. For example: If an expert says about his
field: “I don’t know it.” It means that “it does not exist”. Had it existed, I would have known it.

4 2 G (19)

CzN( =S;C DC ” :o1* !S% !)G .°; hz g4W J( ;K, :(0K < p(1K ° C ; 420 T4
:= KL M N( =S;C DC .MC K( = *K P= 2( C := 2L = G( !( "= CN( _
K % &C KP
= 5 .MC KL * H i("( := K5=&C SL-;
K
= C;T
}( < 1 !(G* P< 9 kC %C ( “S” 4 E2D “.V %( O( W := KL M N( 5SK1( = * V(0(G "= C
....'( K ,K
q G (20)
a< _a S;& q( oN !T ¬75 J( 4SGj L $5 .2 !G qf 'G ± qT y J(,
:_ g PG .q( 1 ( W oN ( -"-. ± C $ M& 9G _ oN -; ( FCº ( $
C º ( ” :!;)G .!*W PG qb T ML k"# D MG4 R ± V A"# 'L $;$*
C;< S= ” !G .“M( AC SK$= G pK 0” :!G .ºT ( ;C WS K q<j P< qb T ºD “.p42f
.a 'C Wj P2 .¾ a > a S5 M( >j M g “w( = 1
?WS G (21)
:pS !
.“qH SLB G ?
H = 1 C ” :o1* !S% g PG ...x1%SG M (T !K"$* ( "# ?
K W :D
F( 0(F1 !( U; ( = <( P= G( UN( K = E G ” :o1* q% .3 q ? ( WST J(*0 T4 :G
.“:a "(2 Fa 0(F< ! U; UMN( !( U; ( = <( P= G( UN( K = E G ” :!S-T pE$DC “:( "(2

(1) Here the word S is repeated to make the questions separate from P = 2( C := 2L = G( !( "= CN( _
K % &C PK
= 5 :t1G ;K
MC K( = *K . (2) As you are aware that qT is a word/phrase which explains the word/phrase coming before it.
That word/phrase is called !G qG. It is common in Arabic to use a qT instead of !G qG and vice versa.
For example, “Satans continue to work in Ramadan.” Actually they are tied in chains during Ramadan.
The word “Satans” in this sentence does not mean the real “Satan” but it means the “Satanic Attributes”.
Here, the !G qG is used instead of qT.
(3) There are various reasons for describing an attribute. It can be used to describe reason. In this verse,
the attributes of God are described as reason i.e. “There is no help but from Allah because Allah is
Powerful and Wise.”

.¬" 7 ( "-; ?

( WST J(*B0 T4 :G
.( "B; J(*B0 T4 :G
.
( f PG ( S g (M"; J(*B0 T4 :G
& “ ;C > P= G :K ;C 1= 0 C&” :o1* q% .: MC 2G /

( ( qL 1 :G
.;> ^ Q :;10
?
K 01 K "= 2 G (22)

= N( !K C = g ” :o1* q% .2 @ !";< sqO ¾l !T O K0 T4 3L 2
:0& “.V ( (E P= G( '§ L ~
"N( $"(< " = 0 E0( C + ” :0& “0= g ¢L _ SL-1= 0
(6:84-86) “.V ( C1 C;< ; EDC ¢L nASL d
5KSK0 9 $
" 'C "(<Ù ”
£ ST ?
K k1 G (23)
:pS !
SL= &L h
5zC B = !( (SK4 9 G Kg( !( U;(T SKG( M &C 3b 4 SK
= CF( 5L& CzN( ” )G .M" :G
:h .“ SKG( ” q( Mb "T “ Kg( ”
(9:86) “.P 0(<( C- 9 G P= 2L 5 54= zC SLC% := K = (G q( S= Uk
.“h
5zC B = ” q( Mb "T “54= zC SLC%”
:= K DC := ( T(SL;%L C;< !K U; 9 AC 1 ?
( ( S7
9 G SK5SL20 M BCT( SKt4 ” )G .( ,
" K z :G
(9:93) “.MC SK;C 1= 0
2 K 0(O G (24)
& (10:24)“. n45 = &C
n "= C 5K G= &C g*&C” :o1* !S% )G .:( "$-; J(*B0 % “&” H ;2T K 0O
(10:12) “.n(C%
= &C n(<C% = &C !( (= ,
( 5<O ” :o1* !S% 0& . x4(5 1T ;<
n " 1T ;<
(1) Here MC SK;C 1= 0 := K DC := ( T(SL;%L C;< !K U; 9 CA is the result of ?
( ( S7
9 G SK5SL20 M BCT( SKt4 .
(2) 0O* means reiteration and :"$-* means “either of”.

K "= >B :K 0=( - G (25)

.pSS K E> 0K K -K0 L "# .R ( =5& ;< ML S20 I "* sM& := ;<D .I
( "(* _
K T hz
:= K = G( a ( - GK := K = G( !( $
( ( :a (C := K = ( DC ” :o1* q% .9H tSG s'L ± 'L D& -f M& d"
J5N .>B !- G ¤a -* g” :MSS-0 :5& x"= ) P 0$f * (35:32) .“8 ( "= 7
(T a T(
.!- G
> xG& = ( & :C .qS- g oN !"D Sgz 9H tSG s' (qS- g I L&
1 ¬
K ";7 G (26)
:± "D L5& .3b ) M- ± 8
K ";7
!( G( S= %C CN( n SK5 ; 4= &C = -C C .MC SL;
= *K h
( ; L C;< "= ;C < ” :23Ï22 0 MSGSf 34S
“CMSL-E* CD&C pK K "= C !H CN( P= G( := 2L C G ! U; KK<= ( S= %C 0 qC C-DC
± G ')G g “.MC K= 0 := K U;1 C n KK n,D( "(D ; 1 ” :31 0 "5j 34S
SK$
D CD d( (, JD( SKE$C * := 2L C 'C "(% CzN( SKG P 0(U 0&C 0” :11 0 O, 34S
_T PG g d" “.:= 2L = G( SKG P 0(U !K U; 9= DC = 0 KF# K 5CD KF# K 5 'C "(% CzN( := 2L C !K U; `
=$ 0
.¡#D xR M N a "= 7D x"= > M N .C)G& I U;, * 3C =" q<j Mj . Sg 'T ( 1= #
...“:= K TSL;%L !K U; ²
C +&C SL + E;C DC ” :0 ? 3( 4S ± G ')G M- ± ;)G& h
¬
K " 7 :K "1 G (27)
1 MC S;1,0 T4 .2 S, r
L " PG S, oN 9( , ( " T '( 1 ( $5 ML "T !"D
.O f Sg (G :<&
(1) ¬";Ø means deriving one speech from another e.g. the story of Prophet Noah $ 3S; !";< is derived
from the description of a boat. (2) It means that sometimes a verb is described for a group but it does not
mean every person of that group does so. By mistake, some people consider it applicable to each person
belonging to that group. For example the verse ( 2 C K P= < MC S= = *
( K1= (T MC KGK B * ~ ( E;( = ( >= &L H EG&L "= > := K= L . It is

the responsibility of all Muslims as a whole. If some of them fulfill that responsibility, it will be
discharged by all of them. It is clear from another verse M C S= = 0
( K1= (T MC K GK B 0 ( "= 7
CN( MC SK<= 0 b EG&L := 2L = (G P= 2L
( 2C = K P= < . But some people think that preaching is responsibility of each person.

'( 1 ( ;
K > G (28)

qL * .> 1D '1 9G ( K* MBT hz .p1G
( > ;< '( 1; 1 H ; T J(*B* M& Sg
0& .!"N
K "#G K % & “.!"N
K %” :qS-* .f '1 g I$ ( ; T
:)G .:G ± x"= ) y J,0 g ;1D .!";<
K L% !"T K ;>O & “.!";< K ;>O” :qS-*
.h< : 9= DO h
$5 ' & “.h< : ' ”
'" L ;T-f G (29)
K =
” :o1* q% ;T-f ± )G .'" ;T-f .M- ± S%S 3=")2 I"j PG
h .) L g “.4 S 8
( ;L 'C 1 } 4= jQ 8 ( S E$ ;C > (U !( U;(
PG ( ;7; 'b " * 0S y D .“4K S K ³ K 4( K (7 !K U; S gK ” :o1* q% )G 'L "
K 0-D K0- Sg ( ;7; oj 1f PG !; '" * 0& .( ;7; 9( Gº 1f ( (
....0S MS20 Å y MS20 Å Gj qL &
'( T- ;< ( tS
K > G (30)

4( "> _S;& !"D “.MC SL;D( C := gK 3( >( | P= < := gK "5= 3( " P= G( n(gC MC SK;C 1= 0” :o1* !S%
3( S". P A( T M& ;< sqO (T 2“.MS;D :g P( A( P< :g” ' -0 :;D 'T- ;< ( tS
:o1* !S% 1G :K 0 !G .“ n(gC MC SK;C 1= 0” :o1* !S% !";< '" .3>| :( $(% PG "5
Mb Cz := K C T( MC K( = 0K Pa "K<= &C := K C T( MC SK-C 0 _a SL;%L := K C T( MC SK-C 0 _ a SL;%L := K C”
'C Wj MS;10 ~ SK$ g MS;10 & “.' t &C := gK ' T ( 15=jQ C h
i(C= &L T( MC SK1 $
= 0
.M0 M"D .S( ; S( # 'C G K!*
(1) The ;W is providing details about a verb with a preposition. Sometimes, it does not match with the
verb. For example, “I stood towards him”. Actually it is “I stood and walked towards him.” There is an
omitted verb in such cases.
(2) It means that obvious comparable things are omitted. For example, “the worldly life” is comparable
with “the Hereafter” and g is comparable with PAT. Here the word PAT is omitted because it is easily
perceptible.

06 :L K =T6 G (31)

CMSK := K C 8
K h
T (&C := ( (= CD” :o1* q% ...06 Å =T6 M- I"& PG
“CMKg( R := gK n5N( C 2C ( - ;C > = &C
oN ( CSK$
T hT 2 "C% zN P2 .qj PG 0 2 O SK<K M& hz PG
&4 zN 'C %( 1 M& * & .~ VT 3L O1 8 2g . (- h ? # ( L .!"N <K G
...xt
( !T J(*B0 Å ! K 0K 'T p( -(T y ( K0 (9$f PG C # S
'b "O q( S- PK G (32)
)G .LkC & x<S% I ( "j )& g .!;"O q( S- PK * S%S 3=")2 I"j PG
(U .MC SL-E* := 2L U;1 C := 2L ;( = %C P= G( P 0(U := 2L -C ;C > (U := 2L ET4 KK<= ~ K E 0&C 0” :o1* q%
:= 2L C n%=+4( 8
( U) P= G( !( T( >= BCDC G ( E$ P= G( qC F 5=&C T( Q E$ nR D( }
4= jQ := 2L C 'C 1
sM{D .` t S 'C " PK 0 “:= 2L ET4 KK<= ” :o1* !S-D “.MC SK;C 1= * := K5=&C nO 5C& !( U;( SL;1 , = * CD
p10 z PD !ET4 = 10 ´ MN 1
h .3( O1 @
( - ± xOG !(5S 'L "O Sg G N _ 8W PG = 0 ´ hz 1T Å
Sg . * M & P(G K )& _S;j g “MC SK;C 1= * := K5=&C nO 5C& !( U;( SL;1 ,
= * CD” :!S% !";< EDC
.( T :K U;K ( 2. ( P( $K K (G
Face the Challenge!

In what cases, Past Tense is used instead of
Future Tense?
Inclusion PK Veil

(- You search
"C%
System, organization ( He introduces, he levels K 0K It is related to the central
theme
!"N <K

Lesson 17A: Turning the Direction of Communication 86
Dear Reader!
The style of the Quran is a unique style in Arabic Build Your Personality
communications. According to the language experts, Understand the Quran and then teach its
the style of public speakers is the nearest to the meanings to others.
Quran.
As an orator changes the direction of his / her speech, in the same way, the Quran changes the direction of
the communication from first person to second, second to third and third to first. The objective of these
changes is to keep the audience attentive. Some examples are as follows:
• _kl o :;2 : First person is changed to second person. For example, !( "= CN( J(5 kC DC (U K K<= &C J( G
MC SK1 = *K (What happened to me that I do not worship the One Who has created me and towards Him you
will be returned). Initially, the communication is started as “I”. Then it is turned to the second person
“you will be returned”.
• " o :;2 : First person is changed to third person. For example, =
5= h
T ( ' DC . CS= 2C "= kC <= &C E5N(
(We have provided you with a lot of blessings, so you should perform prayer and sacrifice for your Lord).
Initially, the communication is started as “We (Allah)”. Then it is turned to the third person “Lord”.
• :;2 o _kl : Second person is changed to first person. For example, UMN( !( "= CN( SKTSK* E:L := 2L ET4 K( = =
Oa KO :a "( 4 JT4 (Seek forgiveness from your Lord and turn towards Him in repentance. Surely my Lord is
Eternally Merciful and Affectionate). Initially, the communication is started as “your Lord”. Then it is
turned to the first person “my Lord”.
• " o _kl : Second person is changed to third person. For example, I 0=4 H S= "( ~
( E 9K G( h
E5N( ET4
O 1"( ?
K ;( 7
= 0K ! U; UMN( !( "(D (O our Lord! Surely You shall be gathering people on the day which is beyond
any doubts. Verily Allah does not break His promise). Initially, the communication is started as “O our
Lord”. Then it is turned to the third person “Allah does not …”.
• :;2 o " : Third person is changed to first person. For example, = 0 P "= T n=#TK
0 'C 4= &C (U S gK
n4SKAC G ( E$ P= G( F 5C& !( ( = 4 (He is the One Who sent winds as herald [of My Mercy]. Its blessings
are in My hands. We sent down pure water from the sky). Initially, the communication is started as “He”.
Then it is turned to the first person “We”.
• _k7 o " : Third person is changed to second person. For example, 'C "( = N( J(T @
C)"(G 5 > &C z N(
! U; UN( MC KK1= * (When We took a covenant from Israelites, “You don’t worship any one except Allah.”).
Initially, the communication is started as “Israelites” as third person. Then they are turned to the second
person “You don’t worship …”
Rule of the Day!

The words 0N are used to warn someone. For example, $

0N (Beware
of envy), I
;2 P0N (O women! Beware of dog) etc. Pronouns are adjusted
accordingly.

Lesson 17A: Turning the Direction of Communication 86
Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Describe the type of communication changes in each of
these passage. Read the context, if something is not clear.
:$% J(T<

:;2* o " (2:30) }
( 4= jQ J(D 'b <( J5N( ( 2C (; ( h
T4 qC C% z N(
?
K ;( 7 = *K h E5N( ( G "-( S= 0 5F( 7
= *K h
;( K 4K C;< *= < G *( ET4
C)5=&L = &C H C zC P= G( := 2L = G( 'H G( < 'C < 9K "(t&L J5&C := K T4 := K C _
,= CD .O 1"(
(3:194-195)
J ( L& G 9= (E* .MC SK;C 1= 0 H S= -C ( !K "K(
= 4 O SLSL-"( 8
( 0|
K K5 h (C C
(6:105-106) V ( ( # = K P= < }= ( <= &C S gK UN( ! CN( h T4 =PG( h
"= CN(
8
H 4 O /H 1= T @ S= DC := 2L 1= T 9 DC 4 }
( 4= jQ ?
(> := 2L ;C 1 (U S gK
(6:165) : a "( 4 4a SL C !K E5N( _
( C-1( 9K 0( h ET4 UMN( := L * G J(D := LS ;L = "(
(8:12) :
= 2L 1 G J5&C ( 2C ( CN( h
T4 J( SK0 zN(
V
D( O( = GK ( 2C ( P= G( ?
H BCT( := L ( GK J5&C := 2L C _
,= CD := 2L ET4 MC SL)"($
= * z N(
(8:9)
:= K ; L L 2C ( ,
$
DC .P 0(( !K C SK1-C DC J( K4 P= G( !( "(D
K 7
= C 5 !K K0=ES Cz{(DC
(15:29-30) M C SK1 = &C
4K SL 5&C J5&C (O<( 5 .V
( 7
= K T( = G( := gK G I
a 5 "(D := K$ 0
(15:48-49) : K "( E
MC C 3n C+ E5K C P= G( n5 .n"(W : 2 K pK "= * 3H ES-L T( _
2( >K " = 0 0
8
K SK0 S= 0 (K S= 0 !( "= ;C < a .n"( < n4E P= 2L 0 := C !( 0= ( ST( nT .n"-( *
n"%( = R n5C2G ;( g= &C P= G( 8
= C 5 z N( : 0= G _
( 2( J(D = L z .n" r L 1 = 0K S= 0
(19:12-16)
Face the Challenge!

What is %? Which words are used for it
and why?

Lesson 17B: Surat-ul-Saba to Surat-ul-Zumur
Dear Reader!
In this lesson, we shall continue our study of the Holy Quran.
The Surahs mentioned in the Lesson 17B & 18B are structured A room without books is like a
in a way that they give a complete message. It is your body without a soul.
assignment to discover the structure of this part of the Quran.
:" P= ^ :$T $

3L 4 SK
:K "(2 S gK ۚ 3( >( J(D K = !K C } ( 4= BC J(D G 8 ( E$ J(D G !K C (U !( U;( K =
S gK ۚ "(D K K 1= 0 G ( E$ P G( qL F( = 0 G = G( K K 7 = 0 G }( 4= BC J(D ® K ;( 0 G :K ;C 1= 0 .
K (7

_K FK 1= 0 C ۖ I
( "= :( (< := 2L E"*(B C JT4 ;C T ' %L ۖ L < E$ "(*B * C KC C P 0(U qC C% .4K SL :K "( E
.V
H (GK _ H ( J(D UN( K &C C h (zC P= G( K W = &C C } ( 4= BC J(D C 8( E$ J(D 3H E4zC qL C-) G( !K = <
.¤a ( C @ a += 4( 3b ( = G := K C h
i(CL& ۚ 8
( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U F( ,
= "(
(U : ; 1( SK*L& P 0(U 0 .:a "(&C FH = 4( P= G( _ a C< := K C h
i(CL& P 0(F( 1GK *(0 J(D =S1 P 0(U
:= 2L K 5 ' g KC C P 0(U qC C% .( "( F( 0(F1 ¦
( W ( CN( (= 0 E S gK h T4 P= G( h "= CN( qC F( 5=&L
ۗ b E( !( T( = &C xT( C !( U; C;< D &C .H 0( H ; > J(C := 2L E5N( @ H EF GK U'L := K% FGK CzN( := 2L iL0K 'H K 4 ;C <
G := ( 0(0=&C P "= T G CN( = 0 := ;C DC &C .( "(1 q( C;E _ ( C1 J(D 3( >( (T MC SKG( = 0K C P 0(U '( T
UMN( ۚ ( E$ P G( n$ ( := ( "= ;C <
-( $
= 5K = &C }
4= BC :K ( T( ?
= $(7 = 5 B #
5 M N( ۚ }
( 4= BC ( E$ P G( := K C ; >
.I
H "(GK H = < '2L ( n 0C h (zC J(D
4= %C 8
H T( ' <= M( &C . 0(
!K C EC&C ۖ "= Uk !K 1 G J(T&C qL ( 0 ۖ n;
= DC EG( O K O "= * = -C C
.
a ( T MC SL; 1= * T( J5N( ۖ x(W SL; <= ۖ O( = E$ J(D
Do you know?
Science and technology had great advancements at the time of Prophet David $ 3S; !";<. He used to
build fine coats of armor who were fit to body like a shirt but having a strong defense at the time of war.
Iron age started from Prophet David $ 3S; !";<.
Coats of armor 8
H T( Join him in singing !K 1 G J(T&C It is away from Him !K = < _
K FK 1= 0
Iron circles that link each
other in a coat of armor
O( = E$ We made it soft for him !K C EC&C You are torn into
pieces
:= K% FGK

P "= T 'L 1= 0 P= G P, ( P G( ۖ ( k -( P "= < !K C ; &C ۖ a = R K 4 a = R gK L ` 0 MC "= ;C $
K (
P= G( y #0 G !K C MC SL; 1= 0 . ( 1( E$ _ ( C< P= G( !K % ( 5K 5( G= &C P= < := K = G( ² F( 0 P= G ۖ !( T4 M( z {(T( !( 0= 0
O( <( P= G( 'b "(;%C ۚ x2 RK O K O qC SL; <= ۚ 8 H "( 4 4H K%L _ ( S, C MH C( 'C "(* I 0(4G
E> E;C DC ۖ !K *BC$ = G( 'L L B * }
( 4= BC L ET O UN( !( *(S= G ;C < := K UO G 8 S= !( "= ;C < "=
%C E;C DC .4K SL2E#
.V( ( K _ ( C1 J(D SL)(C G I "= MC SK;C 1= 0 SK5C S= C M &C P, ( ( E"*
ۚ !K C K2L R= := 2L T4 @ ( += 4( P= G( SL;L ۖ qH R( V H ( 0 P= < M( E ۖ b 0 := ( (2C $ = G J(D 1 {H$ ( MC C = -C C
'H L &L J= * zC P( "= E := ( "= E,
T( := gK ET ( ( 1 'C "= := ( "= ;C < ; 4= BCDC SKt <= BCDC .4a SLC ¡_4 b "AC 3b ; T
; 1 .4 SL2C UN( (+,5K ' g ۖ KC C T( := gK 0=F h (zC .'H "(;%C 4H = ( P= G( H J= R 'H &C H = >
xGE0&C J ("C "(D K( ۖ "= E$ "(D 54= E%C 3n g( C x%L "(D 4 T J(U -L P "= T := K "= T
UMN( ۚ @ H EF GK U'L := gK % EFG rC 0(O &C := gK ; 1 ,DC := K $ L 5=&C SK;C C 54( C= &C P "= T = <( T ET4 SLC-DC .V
(G(
2 .4 H SL2R 4H EW '2L ( 8 H 0C h
(zC J(D
UN( MH Ck; K P= G( := ( "= ;C < !K C MC C G .V
(G( = K P G( n-0(DC UN( pK SK1E*CD !K EC d
K "(;T=N( := ( "= ;C < @
EW = -C C
.°
b "( H J= R 'L ;C < h T4 ۗ hR J(D = G( S gK P= EG( 3( >( (T PK G( = 0K P= G : ;C 1= (
G }
( 4= BC J(D C 8 ( E$ J(D 3H E4zC qC C-) G( MC SL2;( = 0 C ۖ !( U; M( KO P= G( := K= < + P 0(U SK<O= '( %L

FDL CzN( E ۚ !K C MC z( &C P= ( UN( pK = <( L < CE# 9K C= * C .H ( C P= G( := K = G( !K C G H = R( P= G( ( "(D := K C
. K (2C J;( 1 S gK ۖ E
SLC% ۖ := 2L T4 qC C% CzG SLC% := ( T(SL;%L P= <
(1) Sheba was a great empire in the Southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. It perished in 6th century CE.
(2) This sentence describes the lesson of the stories of David, Solomon and Sheba.
Do you know? The scientific development started at the time of Prophet David continued during the
period of his son Prophet Solomon $ 3S; ";<. Air was controlled, copper resources were exploited,
the art of construction reached at its height etc.
Big cooking cauldrons 4H K%L Pools of water MH C( We caused to flow

for him
!K C ; &C
Fixed, built-in 8
H "( 4 Reservoirs, plural of
_S _
( S,
A spring of liquid
copper
( k -( P "= <
His stick, his staff !K *BC$
= G( Images 'C "(*

.V
H (GK qH C;t
J(D = &C xgK ;C 1 C := L E0N( = &C E5N( ۖ !K U; '( %L ۖ (}4= BC 8
( E$ P G( := 2L %L +K = 0 P= G '%L
.MC SL; 1= * E< qL BC$
= 5K C G= = &C E< MC SLBC$
= *K C ' %L
.:K "(;1
K EC S gK
(T "= T `
K 0 E:L T4 "= T K9 ,
= 0 ' %L
.:K "(2
FK 0(F1 !K U; S gK ' T ۚ U;C ۖ Q C RK !( T( := K-
&C P 0(U J 5(K4&C ' L%
K <= S Cg G MC SLSL-0 .MC SK;C 1= 0 C ~
( E )C &C EP2( C x 0(5 x# ( T ~ ( E;( n UDC UN( ; =4&C G
.MC SKG( - $
= * C n < !K = < MC K>( B $
= * C H S= 0 OK 1"(G := 2L C ' %L .V
%( O( W := K= L M N(
MC SLDSL%S= G MC SK(U z( N( * S= C ۗ !( 0= 0 P "= T (U(T C M( =-L C T( P G( = 5K P= C KC C P 0(U qC C%
E2L C := K5=&C CS= C K2 = P 0(U;( SL1(
= K= P 0(U qL S-L 0 qC S= -C /
H 1= T CN( := K
K 1= T 9K ( = 0 := ( T4 = <(
.V (G( = GK
:= K= L ' T ۖ := L Q z N( 1= T K P( < := L 5O= W
PK
= 5&C SL1(
= K= P 0(U;( K2 = P 0(U qC C%
.V
G( ( ,
= GK
'C 1 ,
= 5 !( U;T( L 2 5 M &C 5KGK B * z N( 4( E '( "= U; K 2 G ' T K2 = P 0(U;( SL1( = K= P 0(U qC C%
MC = F ,
= 0K ' g ۚ KC C P 0(U @ ( <= &C J(D qC C; BC ; 1 _ C1 K&C4 EC C G E &C ۚ xO 5=&C !K C
.MC KD( C !( T( := K; ( 4= &L T( E5N( gSLD = GK qC C% UN( H 0(5 P= G( H 0= %C J(D ; 4= &C G CMSL; 1= 0 SK5C G UN(
.V T(U1 K T( PK
= 5 G 1 xOC= &C n SG= &C K )C &C PK
= 5 SLC%
C := 2L L SG= &C G .MC SK;C 1= 0 C ~ ( E )C &C EP2( C 4K ( - 0 y #0 P= ( @
+= L$K = 0 JT4 UMN( ' %L
T( ?
( 1= y F := K C h i(CLBDC x(W 'C ( < P G P= G UN( C +K 5 = <( := 2L TK-C *K J(U(T := LOK C= &C
_
( C1 J(D h i(CL& P 0(F( 1GK *(0 J(D MC S= 1 $ = 0 P 0(U .MC SKG( 8 ( CDK K J(D := gK SL;( <
.MC K = GK
(1) This is the real reason for their arrogance. They think that since we are blessed with wealth and manpower in this
life, therefore, we’ll be blessed with the same in the Hereafter. They should get lesson from the story of Prophet
David & Solomon $ 3S; ";<.
Arrogant people due to

abundance of wealth
gSLD = GK Shackles qC C; BC We committed a crime G= = &C

S gK ۖ !K L ;( 7
= 0K S K DC H J= R P= G( := K- C 5=&C G ۚ !K C 4K ( - 0 p( O( <( P= G( y #0 P= ( @
+= L$ K = 0 JT4 UMN( ' %L
SLC% .MC KK1= 0 SK5C := L E0N( ( CK g &C ( 2C (C; ; ( qL SL-0 E:L x1"( := gK K K# = 0 S= 0 .V %( +( E K "= >
hK ;( = 0 C S= "CD .MC SKG( = GK := ( T( := gK K )C &C ۖ EP, ( MC KK1= 0 SK5C ' T ۖ := ( 5(KO P= G( "( 5=&C h 5= K
.MC STK2C *K T( := K= L J(U 4( E _ C< SL%Lz SK;C C P 0(U;( qL SL-5 t C x1 5 /
H 1= ( := 2L
K 1= T
:= L £K T K K1= 0 MC C E< := L EK 0 M &C K 0(0K 'b K 4 UN( Cg G SLC% 8 H "T *K0 := ( "= ;C < ;C = *K CzN(
G .V a (GK a = ( UN( C g M N( := gK Q EC ; ( KC C P 0(U qC C% ۚ x GK h a D N( UN( Cg G SLC%
SK;C T G := ( ;( = %C P= G( P 0(U _
UC .H 0(5 P= G( h ;C = %C := ( "= CN( ; 4= &C G ۖ 5SK4K = 0 I
H KL P= G( := gK "= *
.
( 2( 5 MC C ? "= 2C DC ۖ J(;K 4K SKTU2C DC := gK "= * G 4 #1= G(
M N( ۚ H E( P= G( := 2L ( ( T( G ۚ 1 KU2C * E:L O DL ) G !( U;( SKGSL-* M &C ۖ 3H ( ST( := 2L L <( &C E5N( ' %L
.H 0(R _ H C< = 0 P "= T := 2L C a 0(5 UN( S gK
.a "(R H J= R 'L ;C < S gK ۖ !( U; C;< UN( 2
( = &C M N( ۖ := 2L C S K DC H = &C P= G( := 2L KBC G ' %L
.4 _
( SK"K K U;< 3
(T
K ( - 0 JT4 UMN( ' %L

.K "(10K G 'L A( ³
K ( = 0K G
Q ' %L
.I
a 0(%C 9a "( !K E5N( ۚ JT4 EJCN( J( SK0 (DC
K 0= g= M( N( ۖ J($ 5 ;C < ' t
( &C E5{(DC
K ; ;C t
M N( ' %L
MH C2G P= G( w
K K E :K K C E5&C !( T( EG SLC% .I
H 0(%C MH C2G P= G( L>( &L 8 S= DC C;DC SK<F( DC z N( * S= C
MC SK#= 0 G P "= T := K "= T 'C "( .H "(1T MH C2G P= G( I( "= (T MC SLD( - 0 ۖ 'L = %C P= G( !( T( KC C = %C .H "(1T
.I
H 0(GK hR J(D SK5C := K E5N( ۚ 'L = %C P= G( := ( <( "R= BCT( 'C 1( DL C
(1) Here, there is a full stop. The objective is to give them time to think. Then the correct conclusion is provided.
(2) This verse indicate the indifference of the character of a prophet.
(3) The words 'A ;< are omitted due to their perceptibility. Meaning of the sentence is: “Surely, my Lord slams
the truth over the falsehood.” (4) The G is omitted due to its perceptibility.
Obtaining w
K K E Single O DL One tenth 4 #1= G(
Their group fellows (similar
infidels before them
:= ( <( "R= &C There is no escape 8
S= DC C Double ) G

:" P= ^ :$T AD 3L 4 SK

K 0(F0 ۚ
T4K
C C;L ) G H
(= &C J(L& n;K4K ( 2C (C; '( <( } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$ ( A( CD !( U;( K =
ۖ C h
$
( = GK C;DC H = 4 P= G( ~( E;( !K U; (` 0 G .a 0(%C H J= R 'L ;C < ! U; UMN( ۚ y #0 G ( ; 7 J(D
.:K "(2 FK 0(F1 S gK ۚ p( ( 1= T P= G( !K C 'C ( = GK C;DC h
= $
( = 0K G
C ۚ }
( 4= BC ( E$ P G( := 2L %L +K = 0 !( U; K "= C H (> P= G( ' g ۚ := 2L "= ;C < !( U;
1= 5( KL z ~
K E 0&C 0
.4K SKGBL 9K = *K !( U; CN( ۚ h
;( = %C P= G( 'b K 4K = TL = -C DC SKT2C 0K M N( CMSL2DC = K* E5BCDC ۖ S gK UN( ! CN(
MC Ck"= E# UMN( .4K K !( U;(T := 2L E5EK 0 C ۖ "5= 3L " :K 2L E5EK * C;DC ۖ ¡ !( U; <= UMN( ~
K E 0&C 0
:= K C KC C P 0(U . ( 1( E$ _ ( W = &C P= G( SK5SL2"( !K TF= ( SK<= 0 E5N( ۚ K < pK L7 ( E*CD ¡K < := 2L C
!( ;( < y SK !K C P 0+K P= DC &C .
a (C a = &C 3b ( = G := K C 8
( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U ۖ a 0(R _ a C<
UMN( ۚ 1 8 H $
:= ( "= ;C < h $K 5 I
= g * C;DC ۖ y #0 P= G (= 0 y #0 P= G ' ( 0K ! U; UM{(DC ۖ x$
pK DC
.MC SK1= 0 T( :a "(;< ! U;
h
(C C ۚ *(S= G 1= T } 4= BC !( T( "= " = BCDC
H "G H ;C T CN( pK - $
K DC xT K )(KDC 0 'C 4= &C (U !K U;
ۚ !K 1K DC = 0 `
K (E 'L 1 I
K "Uk :K ;( 2C K 1 = 0 !( "= CN( ۚ x1"( 3L EF1( !( U;;( DC 3C EF1( K 0(0K MC C P= G .2 4K SK#
.4K SK0 S gK h i(CL& K 2 G ۖ a 0(R _ a C< := K C 8 ( Ci"E$ MC K2L = 0 P 0(U
ۚ !( ( ; 1( T( UN( 9K
* C )C5=&L P= G( 'L ( = * G ۚ x += &C := 2L ;C 1 E:L H C k 5K P= G( E:L _
H *K P= G( := 2L -C ;C > !K U;
(S$ = 0 G . a$ ( 0 !( U; C;< h (zC UMN( ۚ _ H ( J(D UN( p( ( K <K P= G( ¬ K -C = 0K C H E1 GK P= G( K E1 0K G
0( AC x = C MC SL;L B * ¯'L P= G( ۖ a &L ` a ; G( Cg !K TK R eb ( 8 a DL _ a < Cg M( =
.MC K2L # = * := 2L U;1 C !( ;(
= DC P= G( SK= ( >( SG !( "(D h
; L * ۖ 5SK$; * n "; ( MC SK( 7= $= *
(1) It means: “Don’t tire yourself due to regret about them.” The Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W was in grief due to the
arrogance of his nation. Allah has a great concern about his feelings. So He has said these words in his sympathy.
(2) As Allah gives live to a dead and barren land, similarly, He will give life to all of you in the Hereafter.
Face the Challenge! Identify the central theme of each Surah in this lesson. Ponder deeply to identify the
relation of each verse with that central theme. Relate the central theme of each Surah in Lesson 17B &
18B with each other.

ۚ $ GK 'H BC( (, = 0 '§ L -C d = E# E7 '( "= U; J(D 4 E ® K (SK0 4( E J(D 'C "= U; ® K (SK0
C := gK SK<= * M N( . H ( k %( P= G( MC SL2;( = 0 G !( 5(KO P= G( MC SK<= * P 0(U ۚ h K ; K !K C := 2L T4 !K U; :K 2L (zC
'L ) G( h iL0K C ۚ := 2L ( = # ( T( MC KL 2 0 ( G "-( S= 0 ۖ := 2L C SKT,= G SK1( S= C := L Q <KO SK1 $ = 0
H ; 7 T( 8
( B 0 := 2L = g( 0K B #
0 M N( .K "( J( S gK !K U; ۖ !( U; CN( y -C L :K K5=&C ~
K E 0&C 0 . H (>
' = 0K C ;( = ( CN( b ;C -C ) GK
K = * M N( ۚ >= &L 4 += ( 3b 4 +( 4K F( * C .FH 0(F1 T( !( U; C;< h (zC G .H 0(
UF * P= G ۚ 3C C;E SKGC%&C I ( "= (T := K ET4 MC S= #
7 = 0 P 0(U 4K ( = K* E5N( ۗ T= %L Cz MC C S= C ¥ J= R !K = G(
.K ( !( U; CN( ۚ !( $ ( ( UF 0 E5{(DC
1 (S$ = 0 G .4K K C ' C .4K S C 8 K ;L C . K ( <= BC (S$ = 0 G
.a 0(5 UN(
5=&C M N( .4( SK-L J(D P= G 9H ( $
= K T( 5=&C G ۖ y #0 P= G 9K ( $
= 0K ! U; UMN( ۚ 8 K SG= BC C y " = BC
P 0(U _ UC = -C DC SKT2C 0K M N( .a 0(5 "(D C;> UN( H EG&L P= G( M N( ۚ x0(5 x# ( T (T ; 4= &C E5N(
? "= 2C DC ۖ KC C P 0(U 8 K > &C E:L . ( (K _( 2( (T ( TKF(T 8
( "(T := K ;L K 4K := K *=Q := ( ;( = %C P= G(
.( 2( 5 MC C
2 /
a "(T Oa K q( , ( P G( ۚ 5K S&C n;( 7
= GK 8
H C !( T( = >= BCDC G ( E$ P G( qC F 5=&C ! U; UM&C * := C&C
E5N( ۗ h
(C C !K 5K S&C ?
a ;( 7
= GK ( 15=BC _ E ~ ( E P G( .Oa SK I K "(T C 5K S&C ?a ;( 7= GK a = K
.4a SLC Fa 0(F< ! U; UMN( ۗ y ;C 1K p( O( <( P= G( ! U; #7 = 0
P= C 3n 4 ,*( MC SK= 0 n "5(C;< ( := gK % + 4 EG( SL-C 5=&C 3C C;E SKGC%&C !( U; _ ( MC SL;= 0 P 0(U UMN(
_
( 2( P G( h "= CN( "= = &C (U .4a SL2R 4a SLC !K E5N( ۚ !( ;( = DC P= G( := gK 0(F0 := gK 4 SK&L := K "DS "K( .4 SK*
P= G( "= C kC W
= P 0(U _ 2( 4 = &C E:L . a ( T a (7
C p( O( 1( T( ! U; UMN( ۗ !( 0= 0 P "= T ( n% GK S gK
'L = C S gK h (zC ۚ !( U; M( z {(T( 8( "= 7 (T a T( := K = G( a ( - GK := K = G( !( $ ( ( :a (C := K = ( DC ۖ 5O( <(
.
K (2C
(1) Different opposite things are compared with each other. It is an allegory to describe the attitude of believers and
unbelievers. (2) The mountains have white, red and black texture. Two words Oa SK I K "(T C with the same meaning
are used to describe the intensity of black color.
Black I
K "(T C Lines, texture Oa K The membrane inside a date
H ( k %(

SLC% .a 0( "(D := K K ( ۖ xL= L I H g zC P= G( 4 ( &C P= G( "(D 1 MC S= U; 0K 5SL;>K = 0 MH = < 8K E
C !( ;(
= DC P= G( 2 ( G C-K 4 O U; &C (U .4a SL2R 4a SL C ET4 UMN( ۖ MC F
E= &C ET4 "(D MC SK>( kC = 0 := gK .4H SLC U'L (F, = 5
.
H ( 5 P= G( V ( (U;( DC SL%LDC ۖ K 0(E :K L Q UC * P= G !( "(D K UC 0 G := L = 1 5K
J(D ? (C;> := 2L ;C 1 (U S gK .4( K 8 ( CT( :a "(;< !K E5N( ۚ } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$ I ( "= C :K (< ! U; UM(N
P 0(D( C2 K 0(F0 C ۖ x- G UN( := ( T4 = <( := gK K L P 0(D( C2 K 0(F0 C ۖ pK K L !( "= ;C 1 DC C C P= DC ۚ }
( 4= BC
. x4$> UN( := gK K L
J(D a = R( 3:= K C = &C (}4= BC P G( SL-;C > CzG J(5K4C& !( U; M( KO P= G( MC SK<= * P 0(U :K L Q C RK := K=0&C4 &C ' %L
. 4x KL UN( x1= T := K K 1= T MC SK(U K 1( 0 M N( ' T ۚ K!= G( H "T ;C < := K DC xT( := gK "= * = &C (8 E$
MC C !K E5N( ۚ p( ( 1= T P= G( H &C P= G( K 2C $
G= &C M N( C + P= i(C ۚ CKF* M &C }
4= BC 8 ( E$ h K $ ( = 0K ! U; UMN(
. x4SLC x"(;
a 0(5 := gK Q E;C DC ۖ :( G BL = N( P= G( g= &C EP5KSL2"C a 0( 5 := gK Q P= i(C := ( 5(0=&C = !( U;(T SK$ % &C
' DC 4!( ;( g= BCT( UN( L "E$ K 2 K "(0 C ۚ ( "E$ 2 G } ( 4= BC J(D x42 (= . x4SL5K UN( := gK O + G
:= C &C .n;0(S = * !( U; ( E$ K ( ,
( * P= C ۖ n;0(= * !( U; ( E$ K ( ,( * P= ;C DC V(EBC 5 EK UN( MC KL = 0
MC C G ۚ 3n ES%L := K = G( ER &C SK5C := ( ;( = %C P= G( P0(U L %( < MC C ? "= C KL = "DC }( 4= BC J(D K$ ( 0
~ E !K U; L >( 0K S= C . x0(%C x"(;< MC C !K E5N( ۚ } ( 4= BC J(D C 8 ( E$ J(D H J= R P= G( pK F , ( 1= "K( !K U;
UM{(DC := K ;L &C Q Cz{(DC ۖ $ GK 'H &C CN( := gK K > 0K P= 2( C H ET O P= G( g( = C ;C < * G SK$ C T(
. x( T p( O( 1( T( MC C ! U;
(1) Passive voice is used to indicate the special arrangement for the people of the Paradise. (2) It indicates the “place
of living forever”. (3) This is an example of 8 . (4) It means that “A conspiracy harms nobody except its
perpetrator.” (5) Some words are omitted due to their perceptibility. Full sentence is V
(EBC ± ^
EK UN(.
Silk a 0( Bracelets 4 ( &C They’ll be adorned by MC S= U;
0K

:" P= ^ :$T d0 3L 4 SK

4 ( = K( .:( "( E F( 0(F1 1 'C 0(F= * .:H "(-$ = GK ¦ H W ( ;C < .V ;( = K P ( C h
E5N( .:( "(2 M( =-L .d0
J(D ; 1 E5N( .MC SKG( = 0K C := K DC := g( ( )C &C ;C < qL S= -C E = -C C .MC SL;D( C := K DC := gK £K T 4 ( 5=&L G xGS= %C
:= ( ( ; > P= G( := ( 0(0=&C P( "= T P= G( ; 1 .2 MC SK - GK := K DC M( C%z BC CN( J ( DC nC; &C := ( %( <= &C
9 E* P( G 4K ( = *K E5N( .MC SKG( = 0K C := gK 4= ( = *K := C = &C := K *4= C 5=&C&C := ( "= C;< ¥ S .MC K( = 0K C := K DC := gK "= # BCDC
G I K K2 5 *S= J(" = 5K PK = 5 E5N( .¤H ( C H = &C 3H ( = T( pK = #DC ۖ I ( "= (T P = E J # ( >
.VH (GK 3 H GN( J(D pK "= = &C H J= R U'L ۚ := gK 4 C SKGE%C
5+= EF1 DC gK SKTU2C DC P( "= :K ( "= CN( ; 4= &C z N( .MC SL; = K gQ z N( ( 0= -C _
W = &C n;)CG := KC _ = ( t
=
.MC SL; = GK := 2L "= CN( E5N( SLC-DC r
H (C)T(
.MC SKT( 2 * UN( := K5=&C M N( H J= R P= G( PK = E qC F 5=&C G ;L ) G( a #
T UN( := K5=&C G SLC%
.V
K (K ²
L C; UN( "= ;C < G .MC SL; = K C := 2L "= CN( E5N( 4 :K ;C 1= 0 T4 SLC%
.:a "(&C _
a C< EG( := 2L EE$ "C := 2L E K = C SK= * =:C P= i(C ۖ := 2L T( 5= E"kC * E5N( SLC%
.MC SLD( $
= GK a S= %C := K5=&C ' T ۚ := *K= zL P= (&C ۚ := 2L 1 G := L K (CA SLC%
:= gK x= &C := 2L LBC$= 0 C P= G SK1(E* .V ;( = K SK1(E* ( S= %C 0 qC C% 1 $
= 0 'b K 4 ( 0( % &C P= G( Q
PK = E M( O= ( 0K M N( n ( !( 5(KO P= G( L (7E*&C&C .MC SK1 = *K !( "= CN( J(5 kC DC (U K K<= &C C J ( G .MC K= GK
:= 2L T T( K = G J5N( .V H (GK qH C;t
J(C nzN( J5N( M( L-( = 0K C ni"= R := K K< CR J< P( = K* C K T(
.V G( 2 K P G( J(;C 1 JT4 J( C C T( .MC SK;C 1= 0 J(GS= %C "= C 0 qC C% ۖ C E,
'( >K O= 'C "(% .M( SK1 = CD
3n ( n
"= W
UN( = 5C M N( .V (F( = GK EL G ( E$ P G( H = K P= G( p( ( 1= T P= G( !( G( S= %C ;C < F 5=&C G
.MC SLF( = $
= 0 !( T( SK5C UN( qH SK4 P= G( := ("(*B 0 G ۚ O( 1( C;< 3n $
= 0 .MC KG( > := gK Cz{(DC
(1) The word '0F=* is _S G due to an omitted verb in the meaning of “He revealed”. (2) `-G is a camel or a
person whose neck is tied in a shackle that he can’t turn it to see something on side. It is a allegory for an arrogant
person who does not want to look at any sign for guidance. (3) Word GN means leader. It is also used for ‘book’.
Here it indicates the book of record of good/bad deeds. (4) It is used in meaning of an oath.

0= C 9a "( EC '§ L M N( CMSK1( = 0 C := ("= CN( := K E5&C M( K-L P G( := K ;C = %C 2 ;C g= &C := C = 0 := C&C
.MC K
= GK
'H "(75 P= G( 8H E "(D ; 1 .MC SL;L B 0 !K = ( DC = G( = >= &C g"= " = &C L "= }
K 4= BC :K K C b 0
MC = K CMK2L #= 0 C;DC &C ۖ := ( 0(0=&C !K = ;C ( < G p( ( C P= G( SL;L B"( .M( SK"1K P G( "(D 5= E,DC _ H <= &C
.MC SK;C 1= 0 C EG( := ( $ ( L 5=&C P= G( }
K 4= BC
K (= *K E(G U;L 1 += BC ;C > (U
K 0(- * h (zC ۚ C -C $
= K ( (,
= * d
K = E# .MC SK;( GK := gK Cz{(DC 4 E !K = G( K ;C $
= 5 'L "= U; :K KC b 0
4( = *K M &C C J(= 0 d
K = E# C .¤( ( -C M( SK= 1K C O < E qC +( G pK 54= E%C -C .:( "(;1 F( 0(F1
.MC SK$ = 0 hH ;C DC J(D '§ L ۚ 4( E K T( 'L "= U; C -C
B #
5 M N( .MC SKC = 0 G !( ;( ) G( P= G( := K C - ;C > .M( SK# = h( ; L J(D := K E04zL ; E5&C := K C b 0
.VH ( CN( x<G EG( n = 4 UN( .MC L-C = 0K := gK C := K C
0(W C;DC := K % (= 5K
8
( 0 P= G( H 0 P= G( := ( "(*B * G .MC SK = *K := 2L U;1 C := 2L C ; > G := 2L 0(0=&C P "= T G SL-E* :K K C 'C "(% CzN(
SKG P 0(U;( KC C P 0(U qC C% !K U; :K 2L %C + 4 EG( SL-( 5=&C := K C 'C "(% CzN( .Vt ( ( 1= GK = < SK5C UN( := ( T4
.V H (GK qH C;t
J(D UN( := K5=&C M N( !K 1 A &C !K U; y #0 S= C P= G :K 1( k 5K&C
:= gK := gK L >K B * 3n ( n
"= W
UN( MC KL = 0 G .V %( O( W := K= L M N( K <= S Cg G MC SLSL-0
P G( := gK 2 Cz{(DC 4( S J(D ( 5K .MC S1K ( = 0 := ( ;( g= &C CN( C n "W
( S= * MC SK1"(k$ = 0 C;DC .MC SK 7 ( 0
@ W PK = E < G Cg ۗ ۜ 5( %C = G P= G( )C1 T P= G ;C 0= 0 SLC% .MC SL;$ ( = 0 := ( T4 CN(
( = BC
d
a 5 :K ;C *K C 3 S= "CD .MC K = GK 0= C 9a "( := gK Cz{(DC 3n ( n "= W UN( = 5C M N( .MC SL; = K
.MC SL; 1= * := K= L G UN( MC = F ,= *K C ni"= R
(1) The word +& means couples. It is also used for ‘species’. (2) The word z{D is used to depict amazement. It
gives meaning of “wow, suddenly, amazingly” etc. The meaning will be: “The trumpet will be blown. Suddenly they
will come out from their grave and walk towards their Lord.” (3) This is depiction of the Day of Judgment as it is in
front of people. It indicates the inevitability of that Day when everyone will be evaluated justly.
Commendation n "W
( S= * Cry, One who help a
person in trouble

0(W
We pull out of it !K = G(
K ;C $
= 5
They will come out MC SL;$
( = 0 They debate with each
other
MC SK 7
( 0 A curved branch of a
date-palm tree
M( SK= 1K

:= K C .MC SLi2( EGK h

( ( 4BC C;< qH C;( J(D := K K += &C := gK .MC SK( CD 'H K RK J(D S= " ( E,
_
W= &C UMN(
.:H "( 4 _4 P= G( nS= %C 1 a C; .MC SK<E0 G := K C b ( CD "(D
¡K < := 2L C !K E5N( ۖ MC Ck"= E# KK1= * C M &C O J(T 0 := 2L "= CN( = <= &C := C&C .MC SKG( ,= K 0&C S= " K+G=
CMSL;-( 1= * SK5SL2* := ;C DC &C ۖ x"= )(C ¢;(( := 2L = G( U't &C = -C C .:a "(-$
= GK ¦ b W ( Cg ۚ J(5KK<= M( &C aV(GK
2 := ( g( SD &C ;C < :K (7
= 5 S= " .MC KL 2 * := K= L T( S= " gS= ;C W
= .MC K< SK* := K= L J(U :K E p( ( g
.MC SK$( 2 0 SK5C T( := K ;L K 4= &C K #
= * := ( 0(0=&C K ;2C *K
;C < := gK 7
=$ C y #5 S= C CMK( = 0K E5BCDC ¦ C SL-= CD := ( ("K<= &C ;C < $= kC C y #5 S= C
CMSL;-( 1= 0 C;DC &C ۖ ( ; 7
J(D !K $
= 25K pK = 1 5K P= G .MC SK1( = 0 C "
( GK SK<Ck= DC := ( (5C2G
qL S= -C E ( 0 " MC C P= G 4 ( = "K( .V
a (GK Mb =%L 3 a z( UN( S gK M N( ۚ !K C J(= 0 G 1= # pK = U;< G
:= K C g; UzC CMSL2(G C := K DC xG15=&C 0(0=&C
= ;C ( < EG( := K C - ;C > E5&C = 0 := C &C .P 0(D( C2 C;<
!( U; M( KO P= G( L7 E* CMK2L # = 0 C;DC &C ۖ _
K 4( #G 9K D( G "(D := K C .MC SL;L B 0 = G( := K TKSL4 = ( DC
.MC K
= GK a = K := K C := gK := gK = 5 MC SK1"(k$ = 0 C .MC K = 0K := K U;1 C n (
S gK Cz{(DC H C k 5K P= G( pK - ;C > E5&C ML $5={( 0 := C &C .MC SK;( 1= 0K G MC $( 0K G :K ;C 1= 5 E5N( ۘ := K LS= %C h
5=FK
= 0 C;DC
(U "(" = 0K ' %L .:a "(G4 J g( C1( J(" = 0K P= G qC C% ۖ !K -C ; > J $ ( 5 n;)CG C _ t aV(GK a:"( > 4
!K = G( := K5=&C Cz{(DC x45 (
>= BC ( , E# P G( := 2L C 'C 1 (U .:a "(;< H ; > '2L T( S gK ۖ 3H EG qC E&C gBC# 5=&C
@K U;7 S gK ;C T ۚ =:K ;C ) G( ;L 7
= 0 M &C ;C < 4H O( C-T( } 4= BC 8 ( E$ ;C > (U d "= C &C .MC K%( SK*
H J= R 'L 8 K SL2;C G p( ( "T( (U MC = $ K DC .ML SL2"DC P= L !K C qC SL-0 M &C ni"= R O 4&C CzN( pK K G= &C E5N( .:K "(;1
.MC SK1 = *K !( "= CN(
(1) The G is omitted. Full sentence will be: “Their greeting will be Salam, a word from their Affectionate Lord.”
(2) This is 8 . The direction of communication has changed from second person to third person to depict their
helplessness. (3) Use of a common noun depicts the greatness. (4) Expression of amazement
Face the Challenge! In what circumstances, the Future Tense is used to describe an incident of past.
We return him gradually to a

weak state
!K $
= 25K Moving forward "
( GK A lot of people ¢;((

:" P= ^ :$T 8sD 3L 4 SK

}( 4= BC 8
( E$ _4 .a ( SC := 2L CN( UMN( . x z( 8 ( "(ECD . x= + 8
( ( EFCD .¢W 8 ( UDE
MH Ck"= R 'L P= G( 2 n ( .I ( ( S2C H 0(FT( "5= Q E$ EE0+ E5N( .1 @ ( 4( # _4 K "= T G
UN( .I
a W ( _
a C< := K C ۖ x4SK OK .I H 5( 'L P= G( MC SLDC - 0K ;C <= BC {(;C CN( 3 MC SK1EE$0 C .OH 4( G
.I
a %( C _a R( !K 1 *=BCDC C C k 7
?
k( > P= G
CzN( .MC K7 $ = 0 = ,( < ' T ._ H +( C V
H A( P= G( := gK - ;C > E5N( ۚ - ;C > P= G = &C n-; > R &C := gK &C := ( ( = CD
xT *K EL = G( CzN(&C .Va (GK a
= ( UN( Cg M N( SLC% .MC K7 ($= $
= 0 n 0 =&C4 CzN( .MC KL 0 C KzL
:= gK Cz{(DC 3b ( 3b = + J g( E5{(DC .MC K>( O := K5=&C := 1 5 ' %L CMSLEBC 5£K T&C CMSLSK1= C E5N(&C xGC<(
.MC KL = 0
SK;C C P 0(U K# K = .MC SKT2C *K !( T( := K= L (U '( = C K S= 0 Cg .P( 0 K S= 0 Cg ;C 0= 0 SLC%
:= K E5N( ۖ := gK SL%( .:( "(,
¦
( W ( CN( := gK Kg= CD !( U; M( KO P= G( .MC KK1= 0 SK5C G := K += &C
.MC SK;( $
= $
= GK S= " :K gK ' T .MC KW
* C := 2L C G .MC SLSLi$
= G
.V
( ( " P( < 5SK*B * := K= L := 2L E5N( SLC% .MC SLQ $0 /
H 1= T ;C < := K
K 1= T 'C % &C
"= ;C < E
DC .V
( CA xGS= %C := K= L ' T ۖ MH Ck; K P= G( := 2L "= ;C < C MC C G .V (G( = GK SK5SL2* := C ' T SLC%
.P 0(C EL E5N( := L 0=S BCDC .MC SL-( CC E5N( ۖ T4 qL S= %C
(1) Use of plural of “Easts” indicate the wide horizon.
(2) Verb is omitted but its ;kG qS1G is given. Full sentence is .
(3) Demons of Jinn try to go upward to listen talk of angels. They give this information to their fellow human devils
who use it for soothsaying. During revelation of the Quran, such demons were beaten by the angels with fire arms.
The objective was protection of this Quran from Satanic influence.
Assembly of angels ;C <= BC {(;C Those who recite 8

( "(E Those who are arranged
in arrays (angels)
8
( UDE
Repulsed x4SK OK Arrogant, rebellious OH 4( G Those who scold
(demons)
8
( ( EF

! CN( C := K C 'C "(% CzN( SK5C := K E5N( .V

G( ( , = K (T 'L 1 5 h
(C C E5N( .MC SL( #
= GK _ ( C1 J(D H i(G S= 0 := K E5{(DC
@ EW (T Q ' T HMSK, = G H <( #( ( ( SL4( C E(&C MC SLSL-0 .MC K(2 $ = 0 !K U; UN(
.MC SL; 1= * := K= L G UN( MC = F ,
= *K G .:( "(BC _
( C1 SL-( CC := 2L E5N( .V
;( = K
;C < .:( "(1E 8
( E J(D .MC SKG 2 GK := gK ۖ !K ( SDC .a SL;1= G @a += 4( := K C h
i(CL& .V ( ;C 7
= K !( U; O <( UN(
= < := gK C qb S= C "(D C .V
T(4( E#;( 3H UC Q "= T .V
H 1( G P= G( ~ H B 2C T( := ( "= ;C <
K Ck0K .V ;( T(C-GK 4H K K
.Mb SK2 G /a "= T EPK E5BCC .V a <(
( = Uk 8 K W ( C% := gK = <( .MC SLDF = 0K
P ( C h
E5N(&C qL SL-0 .Pa 0(%C J( MC C J5N( := K = G( 'b (C% qC C% .MC SLQ $0 / H 1= T ;C < := K K 1= T 'C % BCDC
1 CMSK0( C E5N(&C xGC<( xT *K EL = G( CzN(&C V(% K
.:( "(,
( S J(D pK DC 9 ;C UACD CMSK1;( UkGK := K5=&C ' g qC C%
*S= G UN( .V
(" T( PK
= 5 DC &C .P 0( = K P G( K = 2L C JT4 L 1= 5( CS= C .P( 0(O= KC 8 = ( M N( !( U;* qC C%
.MC SL;G( 1 '( 1= "; DC Cg '( ) ( ( .:K "(1 +K S= C S K C Cg UMN( .V
T(U1 K T( PK
= 5 G CLB
'( W
= &C J(D K K 7
= * 3b ,
R E5N( .V ( (U;( n = D( g; 1 E5N( (S%EF 3L , R = &C nFK 5K a "= > h (zC &C
:= K C UMN( E:L .MC SLkK = G( MC SLi(DC = G( MC SL;( C := K E5{(DC .2 V ( A( "E# ~ K y4K !K E5BCC 1K ; AC .:( "(,
.:( "(, C{(C := K 1 ( = G UMN( E:L .:H "( P= G( xTS= #
C "= ;C <
; 4= &C = -C C .V
(EBC K )C &C := K ;C = %C U't
= -C C .MC SK< = 0K := g( 4( C ;C < := K DC .V t := gK Q T =SC &C := K E5N(
.V
( ;C 7 = K !( U; O <( UN( .P 0(4C = K L %( < MC C ?
"= C = L 5=CD .P 0(4( = GK := ( "(D
.V
%( :K gK !K E04zL ; 1 .:( "(1 _
( = 2C P G( !K ;C g= &C pK "= E,5 .MC SK"(,K : 1= (;C DC a SK5 5 O5 = -C C
P= G( !K E5N( .V ($
( = K (F, = 5 h (C C E5N( .V
( C1 J(D H SK5 ;C < a C; .P 0(>( J(D !( "= ;C < *
.P 0(> % &C E:L .V
(G( = K 5O( <(
(1) This is depiction of people at the Hell. They’ll blame their leaders and the leaders will blame their followers.
People from Paradise will also communicate with their leaders and will thank God from getting rid of them.
(2) It is an allegory. The food of people at Hell will be a tree whose branches will be like demons. Nobody has seen
a demon but its picture is available in mind of everyone. This allegory depicts the horror of that food.
Mixture, concoction xTS= R They become drunk MC SLDF = 0K Dullness, dizziness qb S= C

n ( n2 (&C CMKK1= * CzG !( G( S= %C !( "(TCB( qC C% z N( .:H "(; IH ; -C T( !K ET4 Q z N( .: "(g T={(C !( (1 "(R P= G( UMN(
=SUS DC .1 :a "(- J5N( qC C-DC .( SK, J(D 3n 5 C DC .V ( C1 _ T( := 2L C DC CMK0(*K !( U; MC KO
.V( ( "(T xT= t
:= ( "= ;C < ²
C DC CMSL-k( = * C := 2L C G CMSL;L B * C&C qC C-DC := ( ( ( CN( ² C DC .P 0(T(= GK !K = <
2 .M C SDF( 0 !( "= CN( SL;% BCDC
.MC SL; 1= * G := 2L -C ;C > !K U; CMSK
( = * G MC KK1= *&C qC C%
.V
;( C = BC :K gK ; 1 ,
DC x"= C !( T( KO 4CBDC .:( "(,
J(D pK SL-BCDC x5"= TK !K C SKT= SLC%
.V
( (E P G( J( I
= g _4 .P( 0(= " JT4 CN( I
a g( Cz J5N( qC C%
CzG = L 5=CD h K Tz &C J5&C ( J(D 4 &C J5N( EJTK 0 qC C% J 1= E$ !K 1 G eC ;C T E;C DC .:H "(; H C;K T( pK 5= E#DC
.V( (, ; ( !K U;* ;C = &C E;C DC .P 0(T(E P G( !K U; Q R M N( J(5K , ( ۖ K G = *K G ' 1 D ( T&C 0 qC C% ۚ *
y C; S K C Cg UMN( .V ($( = K (F,= 5 h (C C E5N( ۚ 0£= % EW
= %C !!!:K "(g T=N( 0 M &C pK 0=O 5
.P 0(>( J(D !( "= ;C < * .:H "(< ` H T=( T( pK 0= DC .V
K (K
P G( "(5 @
= {(T( pK 5= E#T .V (G( = K 5O( <( P= G( !K E5N( .V
($ (= K (F, = 5 h (C C .: "(g T=N( ;C < a C;
.V
a (GK !( $( ( :a (C Pa $ ( = GK ( (E04zL P= G( ۚ @
= N( ;C < !( "= ;C < 4 T .V
( (E
:K gK SK5C2DC := gK 5= 5 .:( "(1 _ ( = 2C P G( K G S= %C gK "= E,5 .MC K4g SKG ;C < EG = -C C
J(D ( "= ;C < * .: "(-$ = K ¦ C gK 0= g .P "= ($ = K _
2( gK "= * .V ((
.V
(G( = K 5O( <( P= G( K E5N( .V
($
( = K (F, = 5 h (C C E5N( .MC K4g SKG ;C < a C; .P 0(>(
! U; V-( (7 P $ = &C MC K4C * 3 n;1= T MC SK<= *&C CMSL-E* C&C !( G( S= -C ( qC C% z N( .V
;( = K P ( C ~
"N( UMN(
J(D !( "= ;C < * .V ( ;C 7 = K !( U; O <( UN( .MC K
= K C := K E5{(DC pK SKTU2C DC .V (EBC :K 2L (T E_4 := 2L ET4
.V (G( = K 5O( <( P= G( !K E5N( .V
($( = K (F,
= 5 h (C C E5N( .4 P "= ( 0 q N( ;C < a C; .P 0(>(
(1) Some people have used fake narrations to distort the character of Prophet Abraham $ 3S; !";<. These verses
simply mean: “He looked at the stars to guess the time and said, I’m tired.” (2) Irrelevant details are omitted.
(3) Ba’al was a famous god. A city named h;1T (the city of Ba’al) is still available at Lebanon which contains an
archeological site of the temples of Ba’al. Prophet Elias $ 3S; !";< belonged to that city. (4) Plural in this way
include Prophet Elias and all of his followers.
He laid him down !K U;* You carve MC SK
( = * They hasten to MC SDF( 0

.P 0(> 5= EGO E:L .P 0(T( J(D x+SK,< UN( .V
1( = &C !K ;C g= &C pK "= E,5 z N( .V
;( = K P ( C nASL UMN(
CMSL;-( 1= * C;DC &C ۗ '( "= U;(T .V ( (= GK := ( "= ;C < MC K C := 2L E5N(
!K -C CD .V ( = K P G( MC C2DC : g $DC .M( SK# = h ( ; L CN( T&C z N( .V
;( = K P ( C 1 d 5KSK0 UMN(
( 1 (T pK 5 DC .MC SL)1 = 0K ( S= 0 CN( !( (k T J(D r
C (;C C .V ( $
K P G( MC C !K E5&C CS= ;C DC .:a "(;GK S gK 8 K SK
:= gK 1= E DC SKG CD .MC K0(F0 = &C ? H &C ( C(G CN( pK ; 4= &C .V H k( - 0 P= G( 3n ,
R !( "= ;C < = 5=&C .:a "(- S gK
.VH ( CN(
:= ( 2( D N( P= G( := K E5N( C&C CMKg( R := gK n5N( C 2C (C; - ;C > = &C CMSK :K K C 8
K h T (&C := (( = CD
C;DC &C CMSK2L = * ? "= C := 2L C G .V ( C;< 8 ( CkC W = &C .MC SKTz( C2C := K E5N( !K U; C CMSLSL-"C
.V %( O( W := K= L M N( := 2L T(2( T( SK*B DC aV(GK Mb Ck; K := 2L C = &C CMKUC *
.MC SL( 0 E< !( U; MC = K .MC K = K C := K E5N( L E,( ( ;( < = -C C ۚ x$
5 2 ( E,( P "= T !K "= T SL;1
G .:( "(, q( W S gK P= G UN( .V (*(CT( !( "= ;C < := K5=&C G .MC KK1= * G := 2L E5{(DC .V ( ;C 7 = K !( U; O <( UN(
UM&C S= C .MC SLSL-"C SK5C M N( .MC SK$ K PK = C E5N( .MC SDE PK = C E5N( .a SL;1= G a C-G !K C UN( EG(

= -C = -C C .MC SK;C 1= 0
S= $
DC ۖ !( T( KC 2C DC .V ( ;C 7 = K !( U; O <( E2L C .V (EBC P G( x z( 5 = <(
.MC SK( :K K C 5 = K UMN( .MC K4SK = :K K C := K E5N( .V ;( = K 5O( 1( ( K ;( C
:= ( ( $T( qC F 5 Cz{(DC CMSL;,
( 1= $
= 0 (T C1 (DC &C .MC K( = 0K
S= $ DC := gK = ( T=&C .V H ( E := K = < UqS DC

3( EF1( _4 h T4 MC = K .MC K( = 0K
S= $ DC = ( T=&C .V H ( E := K = < UqS * .P 0(4C = K
K W
Q $DC
.V ( C1 _4 !( U;( K =
.V ;( = K C;< a C; .MC SL( 0 E<
(1) Prophet Jonah $ 3S; !";< was sent to Nenvah, a city of I’raq. His nation did not believe in him. He became so
angry that he came out of the city without Allah’s permission and started his journey in sea. The ship was caught by
a cyclone. Allah captured him in a way that He put an idea in the hearts of people at the ship that there is one
offender in us. According to their belief, they cast lots and Jonah’s name came out of it. They decided to throw him
in the sea. A whale swallowed him. He repented and Allah helped him in coming out of the whale’s belly.
(2) The pagans used to consider Jinn as God’s relatives. They are refuted.
Pumpkin V
H k( - 0 So it swallowed him !K -C CD One who is thrown /
( = K
Those who deviate V
(*(CD Fish, a whale 8
K SK Open space ( 1

:" P= ^ :$T ¾ 3L 4 SK

=O DC MH = %C P= G( := ( ;( = %C P= G( 2 ;C g= &C := C .@
H C-R( 3H EF<( J(D KC C P 0(U '( T .( (z M( =-L ۚ ¾
'C 1 &C ._ a UC a ( Cg MC KD( C2 qC C% ۖ := K = G( 4a ( = GK := gK Q M &C SK, ( < .1 ¾ H G V ( 8 C
ۖ := 2L ( ( ;C < K(W = SK#G= M( &C := K = G( BL;C ;C kC 5= ._ a ,<K ¥ J= # C Cg UMN( ۖ x ( xCN( C (
.@a C;(>= UN( Cg M N( 3( >( ( U;( J(D C T( 1= ( G .OK 0K ¥ J= #
C Cg UMN(
._
( C< SL%L0 EC ' T ۖ ( z( P= G( hR J(D := gK ' T ۚ ("= T P= G( K !( "= ;C < qC F( 5=&L&C
_
( EgS F( 0(F1 h
T4 ( = 4 PK ( F> := Kg = <( = &C
P G( a KF= G h
(gK G 2 a = K (_= BC J(D SL-*= "; DC ۖ K "= T G }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ h
K ; GK := K C = &C
._ ( F = BC
h i(CL& ۚ ( 2C 0=BC _
K W
= &C ¦
H SL K S= %C OK SKC .3 O( *= BC Lz ML S= < = D( Oa <
H SK5 K S= %C := K ;C =%C
= TUC
P= G( C G 3n ( n
"= W
UN( ( CK g K L = 0 G .4 _
( C-<( E DC 'C K _ UC UN( '§ L M N( ._ K F = BC
.@
H SDC
._
( $
( ( S= 0 'C = %C Uk%( C ' ,< ET4 SLC%
P = $
0K !K 1 G qC ,
( 5= E7 E5N( .5 _ a E&C !K E5N( ۖ ( 0=BC Cz O K O 5 = < = L z MC SLSL-0 G ;C < = (W
=
'C = DC C 2 ( pK "= * !K 2C ; GK 5O= R ._a E&C !K C '§ L ۖ 3n 4 SK# = G "= Uk .@ ( R= {( J#( 1 (T
.6 _ ( Ck7 (
(1) It means: “There was no time to rescue them.” (2) The common noun depicts the greatness of that army. The
word G adds emphasis to that greatness. (3) The Pharaoh is called the “Man of pegs” due to two reasons: (a) He used
to punish people by nailing them on a cross. (b) He had a large army living in tents which were fixed on pegs.
(4) Actually, it is Á-< D but the is deleted to keep the rhyme. (5) Prophet David $ 3S; !";< used to sing
hymns in praise of God morning & evening. His eloquent songs are available in Psalms. (6) _
( Ck7
( 'C = DC means his
power to make sound and right decisions.
Moment, small amount of time @

H SDC Our share Uk%( Fabrication @
a C;(>=
Having hands (a metaphor for power) ( 0=BC Cz Defeated a KF= G So they should climb SL-*= "; DC

ۖ?= 7 * C SLC% ۖ := K = G(

F( C DC O K O ;C < SL;> O z N( _ = ( K4ES$ * z N( :( = 7 BL5 *&C ' g
Cg UMN( .¦ ( ( S CN( 5( g= k( # = *K C (T "= T := 2L = CD / H 1= T ;C < K 1= T T M( = >
= -C C qC C% ._( Ck7 ( J(D J(5EF< "(; ( &C qC C-DC 3b ( b , 1= 5 J ( n , 1= 5 MC SK1$= *( 9a $ = *( !K C J(>&C
P 0(U UN( /H 1= T ;C < := K K 1= T J(= "C ( Ck;C 7 K P G( x()C UMN( ۖ !( ( 15( CN( h (, 1= 5 q( $ K T( h ;C C
._ 5&C x1( 4 E> !K ET4 C = = CD 1 pK EDC E5&C OK K O EPC ۗ := gK G 'b "(;%C 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG
._H G P $ = K C FK C 5 = <( !K C UMN( ۖ h
(zC !K C 5= C DC (3,)
P= < h
U;
( "KDC S 9( (E* C
(T ~
( E P "= T := 2L = CD }
( 4= BC J(D n C "(;> ; 1 E5N( OK K O 0
._
( $ ( S= 0 SK$5 T( a 0(R _
a C< := K C !( U; '( "( P= < MC S; ( 0 P 0(U UMN( ۚ !( U; '( "(
P G( KC C P 0(U;( 'b 0=S DC ۚ KC C P 0(U PC h (zC ۚ ;n A( T K "= T G }
4= BC Q E$ - ;C > G
V -( EK 'L 1 ,
= 5 = &C }
( 4= BC J(D P 0($ ( K C 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U 'L 1 , = 5 = &C .4( E
._( BC SLL& UC "( !( *(0 KETE"( a 4 GK h
"= CN( pK F 5=&C _
a ( (4E,L C
qC C-DC .OK ",
( 8
K D( E J# ( 1 (T !( "= ;C < }
( <K z N( ._
a E&C !K E5N( ۖ K = 1 : 1= 5( ۚ MC "= ;C K O K ( = g
@( S$(T x$ = G ( kC DC ۖ EJ;C < gO4K ._ ( ,( (T 8
= 4 S * E JT4 ( z( P= < ( "= 7 EI K K = = &C J5N(
.@
( <= BC
C n2; GK J( I = g J( = ( _4 qC C% ._ 5&C E:L 2 x$ !( "( = L ;C < "= -C &C MC "= ;C K 1 EDC = -C C
._ W &C r
L "= >4K p( ( G= BCT( (, = * `
0 !K C 5= E7$ DC ._ K EgS 5=&C h
E5N( ۖ (1= T P= G( H BC( J(= 0
( "= T( h= $( G= &C = &C P= KG= CD 5£K Ck< Cg .O( CW
= BC J(D V 5(E-C GK P 0(> .3 ¾ H ESC H ET U'L V A( "E#
._H G P $ = K C FK C 5 = <( !K C UMN( ._ H $ (
(1) Some biased Jews fabricated some stories to distort the character of these two great prophets. Muslim exegetes
have copied such stories from Jews. We should seek refuge of Allah from it. (2) It indicates the picture of
submission of Prophet Solomon’s $ 3S; !";< during a political crisis in front of God. Allah delivered him from
that crisis and blessed him a lot. (3) See the next page.
Gentle breeze >4K Fat horses 8

K D( E The climbed on K4ES$
*
Masons & divers ¾
H ESC H ET Legs @
( S$ Don’t transgress
k( #
= *K C
Fetters, handcuffs O( CW
= BC He wiped x$
= G Lamb n ,
1= 5

Cg ۖ h ;( = ( T( /
= L 4= ._ H CK ._( BC J(LB( z( EG( n = 4 := K 1 G := K ;C ) G( !K ;C g= &C !K C = g ._a R Oa 4( T 'b $ = GK
._a E&C !K E5N( ۖ K = 1 : 1= 5( ۚ xT(W pK 5= E5N( ۗ r = * C 1 !( T( _
= ( t= CD n)= t (
z( H (7T( := gK = ;C >= &C E5N( .4( T=BC (0=BC J(L& _ SL-1= 0 @ = N( : "(g T=N( 5O <( = L z
P G( '§ L ۖ '( 2( Cz 9 $
" 'C "(<Ù = L z .4( ">= BC P "= C kC = K P ( C 5 = <( := K E5N( .2 4( E
.4( ">= BC
"(D MC SK<= 0 "(D V i(2( EGK ._
K ST=BC :K K C n
EC GK MH = < 8
( E ._H G P $ = K C V -( EK ; ( UMN( ۚ a z( Cg
UMN( ._( $ ( ( S= "( MC K< SK* G Cg ._ a *=&C
( = Uk 8 K W( C% := gK = <( ._ H R 3H )(C H ( CT(
.OH C5 P= G( !K C G %L += ( C Cg
.@
a E$C :a "( pK SL%L"; DC Cg .OK ( d i (DC 5S= ;C = 0 : E ._ H G E# C V ( Uk;( UMN( ۚ Cg
.4( E SLW := K E5N( ۚ := ( T( x = G C ۖ := 2L 1 G :a
( - GK
a S= DC Cg .3
a += &C !( ;( 2 R P= G( K >
.4K -C d
i (DC ۖ C pK SKKG= E%C := K5=&C ۖ := 2L T( x = G C := K5=&C ' T SLC%
4 .4( E J(D n1= t
( xT C< pK O= F( DC Cg C E%C P= G ET4 SLC%
.4K T=BC :K K = <
= C + = &C 0( 7
= ( := gK 5 7
E*&C .4( R= BC P G( := gK 1K 5 EL 5 n4( 5 C C G SLC%
.4( E '( g= &C :K W
K 7* ¡
C h
(zC UMN(
(3) From the last page. This indicates the abundance of wealth and development technology at the time of Prophet
Solomon. His navy was the strongest in the world due to his ability to exploit air. He knew tactics of controlling evil
demons who used to construct buildings and dive into sea to bring pearls out. It was due to his thankfulness to God.
(1) Prophet Job $ 3S; !";< was tested with a swear affliction. His wealth ruined, children died and he became
alone. He was afflicted by a decease. He was so patient on such afflictions that God praised him. Once, he swore to
beat himself 100 times with a wooden stick after becoming healthy. God bestowed upon him and he became healthy.
Allah gave him further wealth and children. He asked him to fulfill his oath by beating himself lightly with a bundle
of 100 twigs. The stories of submission of previous prophets are told to Prophet Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W to
comfort him during the crises he was facing in cause of Allah.
(2) 4( E
z( is a qT for H (>. (3) +& is also used for kinds, types, species etc.
(4) This is a dialogue among the People of Hell with their leaders.
(5) Pious people whom these dwellers of the Hell used to consider bad in their worldly life.
Mockery 0( 7
= ( Don’t break your oath r

= * C A bunch of twigs / straw n)= t
(

FK 0(F1 K "= T G }( 4= BC 8 ( E$ _4 .4K E-C K ( S !K U; UN( !H CN( P= G( G ۖ 4a ( = GK 5&C E5N( ' %L
M N( .MC SK( 7 = 0 z N( ;C <= BC {(;C (T :H ; <( P= G( J( MC C G .MC SKt( 1= GK !K = < := K5=&C .:a "(< Bb5 S gK ' %L .4K U
.V a (GK a 0(5 5&C E5&C UN( EJCN( SK0
!K C SK1-C DC J( K4 P= G( !( "(D K 7 = C 5 !K K0=ES Cz{(DC HVA( P= G( x# T a (> J5N( ( 2C (C; ; ( h T4 qC C% z N(
.P 0(D( C2 P G( MC C 2 = d "(;T=N( UN( .MC SK1 = &C := K ; L L 2C (C; ,
$ DC .P 0((
V(1 P G(
= L = &C 8
= 2 = &C ۖ E "T(
K - ;C > ( ,
K$= * M &C h
1 G G d
K "(;=TN( 0 qC C%
.V
H A( P= G( !K - ;C > 4H 5 P= G( J(- ;C > ۖ !K = G( a "= > 5&C qC C%
.P( 0 ( S= 0 CN( J(1= C h
"= ;C < UMN( .:a "(4 h
E5{(DC = G(
= K >= CD qC C%
.MC SL)1 = 0K ( S= 0 CN( J(5= ( 5=BCDC _4 qC C%
.( SL;1=
( % S ( S= 0 CN( .P 0(C = K P G( h
E5{(DC qC C%
.V
( ;C 7
= K :K K = G( O <( UN( .V
1( = &C := K E0S( BLC h
*(EF1( (DC qC C%
.V
1( = &C := K = G( h
1 (* P= EG( h
= G( : E UMBC;C G= BCC .qL SL%&C E

CD qC C%
1= T pK BC5 EPK ;C 1= C .V
( C1; ( a z( UN( S gK M N( .1 V
( ;2C K P G( 5&C G H = &C P= G( !( "= ;C < := 2L LCB= &C G ' %L
.VH (
(1) Those who behave in an artificial manner and fabricate their words with extreme care with affectedness. A
prophet is not one of them.
Face the Challenge!

Describe two types of +,=0N? Give one example of each.
Face the Challenge!

What is 8 ? Why it is used? Describe its six types and
provide example of each from this lesson.

:" P= ^ :$T KGFK 3L 4 SK

!K C x ;( 7
= GK ! U; ( K<= CD (T _ 2( h "= CN( F5=&C E5N( .:( "(2 F( 0(F1 !( U; P G( _ ( 2( 1 'L 0(F= *
2 !( U; CN( 5SKT-C "K( UN( :
= gK K K1= 5 G Q "(= &C !( 5(KO P= G( L7 E* P 0(U ۚ ¬ K (7 PK 0 !( U;( C&C .P 0
.4a UC _
a z( C S gK P= G (= 0 C ! U; UMN( ۗ MC SL;( 7 = 0 !( "(D := gK G J(D := K "= T :K 2L
= 0 ! U; UMN( C +K
;C > .4K E-C K ( S !K U; S gK ۖ !K 5= K ۚ y #0 G K ;L 7 = 0 EG( C kC W = C xC C 7( E0 M &C !K U; O 4&C S= C
d
= E# E7 ۖ '( "= U; C;< 4 E 4K S2C 0K 4( E C;< C'"= U; 3 4K S2C 0K ۖ (T } 4= BC 8 ( E$
.4K U FK 0(F1 S gK C&C ۗ $
GK 'H BC( (, = 0 '§ L ۖ -C
J(D := 2L -L ;L 7
= 0 ۚ H += &C C "5(C ( 15=BC P G( := 2L C qC F5=&C = + = G( 'C 1 E:L 3H ( dH 5 P= (G := 2L -C ;C >
ۖ S gK UN( ! CN( C ۖ h
K ; K !K C := 2L T4 !K U; :K 2L (zC ۚ H C;C 8 H ;L L J(D H ; > ( 1= T P= G( n-; > := 2L *(EG&L M( SLkTK
:= 2L C !K t
= 0 K2L # = * M N( ۖ 2L p( O( 1( ( t = 0 C ۖ := 2L = < ¡J(C ! U; UM{(DC KL 2 * M N( .MC SLD = *K E5BCDC
8( CT( :a "(;< !K E5N( ۚ MC SL; 1= * := K= L T( := 2L iL"KDC := 2L 1K ( = G := 2L T4 CN( E:L ۗ >= &L 4 += ( 3b 4 +( 4K F( * C ۗ
.4( K
'L = %C P= G( !( "= CN( SK<= 0 MC C G J $
( 5 !K = G( n 1= 5( !K CES> CzN( E:L !( "= CN( x"(GK !K ET4 <O ¡t K MC $5={( EdG CzN(

a 5(C% S gK P= EG&C .4( E _ ( W = &C P= G( h
E5N( ۖ n;"(;%C ( 2L T( 9= E * ' %L ۚ !( ;( "( P= < U' ( "K( xO 5=&C !( U;( 'C 1
P 0(U MC SK;C 1= 0 P 0(U (S$ = 0 ' g ' %L ۗ !( T4 C = 4 SK = 0 3C >( 4K C = 0 x(C% x( '( "= U; Q 5
._
( BC SLL& K UC 0 E5N( ۗ CMSK;C 1= 0 C
(1) '0F=* means gradual revelation with utmost care. Here the G is omitted.
(2) The reason of assuming other gods is to get rid of the concept of God’s accountability. The pagans wanted to do
whatever they want. Then they used to worship their false gods and sacrificed animals on their altars as a bribe so
that they in order to bring them near to God. Some Muslims have also adopted similar views.
(3) “Rotating day / night” is a beautiful depiction of the day-night cycle which is due to the rotation of earth. It is a
refutation of the view of Deists who assume that God has broken His connection with the universe after creating it.
One who submits himself (to

God)

a 5(C% He gave qC ES> He rolls 4K S2C 0K

ۗ b 1 ( !( U; }
K 4= &C ۗ b $
"5= p( ( g J(D SK$
= &C P 0(U;( ۚ := 2L ET4 SL-E* SKG P 0(U O( <( 0 ' %L
._H $ ( ( "= T( := gK = &C MC KT(E UDS 0K E5N(
.V
( ;( $
= K qC E&C MC SL&C M BC( 8
K = G( &L .P 0 !K C x ;( 7
= GK ! U; K<= &C M &C 8
K = G( &L J5N( ' %L
.:H "(< H S= 0 _
C< JT4
K "= < M N(
K >&C J5N( ' %L

.J(0(O !K C x ;( 7
= GK K K<= &C ! U; '( %L
C&C ۗ ( G "-( S= 0 := ( "(;g= &C := K $
L 5=&C K$( > P 0(U P 0(( 7 UMN( ' %L ۗ !( 5(KO P= G( := Ki R( G KK<= CD
!( T( !K U;
K S7 0K h (zC ۚ 'b ;C L := ( (
= * P= G( 4( E P G( 'b ;C L := ( %( S= DC P= G( := K C .V
K (K ML $
=7 K S gK h (zC
.M( SL-E*CD O( <( 0 ۚ pK O <(
MC SK1( $ = 0 P 0(U .O( <( = #DC ۚ # = K :K K C !( U; CN( SKT5&C gKK1= 0 M &C 8 SLUk SK= P 0(U
L ;( C !( "= ;C < E P= DC &C ._( BC SLL& := gK h i(CL& ۖ !K U; :K gK g P 0(U h i(CL& ۚ !K $ = &C MC SK1(E"DC qC S= -C
(, = * b E"(= G
a L %( S= DC P= G(
a L := K C := K ET4 =S-C E* P 0( U P( 2( C (4E J(D P= G L -( = *K 5=BCDC &C _
( C1
.O 1"( !K U; ?K ;( 7 = 0K C ۖ !( U; <= ۖ 4K 5=BC (
= * P= G(
E:L !K 5K S&C n;( 7
= GK x<4= + !( T(
K ( 7 = 0K E:L } ( 4= BC J(D 9"(T0 !K 2C ;C $ DC G ( E$ P G( qC F 5=&C ! U; UM&C * := C&C
pK 4 = W
!K U; R P= DC &C ._ ( BC J(LB( ( C h (zC J(D UMN( ۚ xGCk K !K ;L 1 , = 0 E:L C = GK pK DC ®K "(0
.VH (GK qH C;t J(D h i(CL& ۚ !( U; ( z( P= G( := K TKSL;%L ( "( C-; ( 'b 0=SDC ۚ (!T4 P= G( 1 4H SK5 ;C < S K DC ( C;= {(; (
V
K ;( * E:L := K ET4 MC S= #
7= 0 P 0(U 3 OK SL;K !K = G( 1( #
- * 2 J 5(C)G xT(#GK xT( r ( 0( P $ = &C CqEF5 !K U;
P= G( !K C DC !K U; '( ;(
= 0K P= G ۚ y #0 P= G !( T( (= 0 !( U; gK h (zC ۚ !( U; ( z( CN( := K TKSL;%L := gK OK SL;K
.OH g
(1) A part of this question is omitted due to its perceptibility. Full sentence is: “The one whose chest Allah has
opened for Islam and he is on the light of guidance of his Lord, he is better or the one who is deviated from the right
path.” (2) There is difference in opinion of the Quranic Exegetes. According to some, it means “a book whose
meaning are coherent and repeated.” According to Farahi, it means “a book whose meaning are coherent and its
Surahs are in form of pairs.” They consider Quranic Surahs grouped in a way that two Surahs form a pair e.g. Al-
Baqarah & Aal Imran, Al-Feel & Al-Quraish etc. There is coherence in meaning of both Surahs in a pair.
(3) It means that when they hear Allah’s verses, their light hair on skin become erected. It is an 0 for fear.

_ UC .MC SK$ ( 2 * := K= L G SL%Lz V ( (U;( 'C "(% ۚ ( G "-( S= 0 1 _ ( C1 Q SK !( ( = S T( J(-E0 P= DC &C
ۖ "5= 3( " J(D F= 7 ( !K U; :K K %C CzBCDC .MC K1K #= 0 C r L "= P= G( _ K C1 :K gK *BCDC := ( ;( = %C =PG( P 0(U
:= K U;1 C 'H )CG 'L P= G( M( =-L Cg J(D ~ ( E;( T= t
= -C C .MC SK;C 1= 0 SK5C S= C ۚ K &C 3( >( _ K C1 C
.MC SL-E0 := K U;1 C 2 H S <( (z "= C "(T< x5=%L .MC KUC 0
ۚ !( U;( K =
ۚ n;)CG M( 0S( $
= 0 ' g 'H K ( x;C n;K 4 MC SK$( #GK y C RK !( "(D n;K 4 n;)CG K!U; _ t
.MC SK( 7 = * := 2L T4 = <( ( G "-( S= 0 := L2E5N( E:L .MC SK"G := K E5N(
a "G h
E5N( .MC SK;C 1= 0 C := gK K )C &C ' T
.P 0(D( C2; ( xS) G : E J(D d "= C&C ۚ pK Q z N( @ ( = (T _ UC !( U; C;< _ C C P= EG( :K ;C &C P= DC
y F h (zC ۚ := ( T4 = <( MC y#0 G := K C .MC SL-EK :K gK h i(CL& ۙ !( T( @
EW
@ ( = (T Q (U
.MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C (U P( $ = BCT( := gK = &C := K 0F( ,
= 0 SL;( < (U &CS = &C := K = < !K U; 2C "K( .V
($
(= K
( = 0 P= G .OH g P= G( !K C DC !K U; '( ;(
= 0K P= G ۚ !( 5(KO P= G( P 0(U(T h 5SLDS7
0K ۖ ?pK = <
H C2T( !K U; d "= C&C

} 4= BC 8 ( E$ ;C > P= G := K BC P= i(C HC-(5= (z FH 0(F1 T( !K U; d "= C&C ۗ ¯' ( GK P= G( !K C DC !K U;
= &C p( t
K 8 K CR( C EPgK ' g K T( !K U; J (5O 4&C M N( !( U; M( KO P= G( MC SK<= * G := K0=&C DC &C ' %L ۚ !K U; EPLSL-"C
.MC SL;S K 'L US 0 !( "= ;C < ۖ !K U; J ($
= ' %L ۚ !( ( = 4 8
K C2$ ( = GK EPgK ' g H = T( J(5O 4&C
'
( 0 !( 0(F7
= 0K _
a C< !( "(*B 0 P= G .MC SK;C 1= *
S= $
DC ۖ 3 'b G( < J5N( := 2L (5C2G ;C < SL; <= ( S= C% 0 ' %L
.:a "(-GK _a C< !( "= ;C <

5=&C G ۖ "= ;C < '
( 0 E5{(DC U't
P= G ۖ !( $
( ;( DC g= P( DC ۖ
(T ~
( E;( _
2( h
"= ;C < F 5=&C E5N(
.'H "(S T( := ( "= ;C <
8
S= "= ;C <
%C J(U h
K $( = "KDC ۖ G( G J(D = K * := C J(U *(S= G V
( d L 5=BC UDS 0 !K U;
.MC KU2C 0 H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ $ GK 'H &C CN( >= BL 'L ( = 0K
(1) Like the previous question, here a part is also omitted. Full meaning is: “The one who will face the punishment at
his face is equal to the one who will be protected from it?”
(2) The Quran is revealed in clear Arabic. Anyone who knows this language, can understand it easily. This clarity
becomes more clear when a a person compares it with the obscure Arabic poetry.
(3) The words J(52G ;< are omitted due to their perceptibility.

L < CE# !( U;( ' %L .MC SL;-( 1= 0 C ni"= R MC SL2;( = 0 C SK5C =SC &C ' %L ۚ Q 1C RK !( U; M( KO P= G( L7 E* ( &C
.MC SK1 = *K !( "= CN( E:L ۖ }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ h
K ; GK !K C ۖ x1"(
CzN( !( 5(KO P= G( P 0(U ( zL CzN( ۖ 3( >( (T MC SKG( = 0K C P 0(U 1 _
K SL;%L 8
= E+BC R= pK = !K U; ( zL CzN(
.MC K#( = $
= 0 := gK
S5KC G J(D O( <( P "= T :K 2L = * 5=&C 3( O E# I ( "= : (< }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ A( CD E:K U; '( %L
_
( C1 ( SK P= G( !( T( = D C !K 1 G !K ;C ) G( x1"( }
( 4= BC J(D G SK;C C P 0(U;( UM&C S= C .MC SL;( 7 = 0 !( "(D
G := ( T( @
SK$
C G 8 K Ci" := K C T .MC SK$ (
= 0 SK5SL20 := C G !( U; P G( := K C T ۚ ( G "-( S= 0
.MC SLF( = $
= 0 !( T( SK5C
EP2( C b = D( J g( ' T ۚ :H ; <( ;C < !K K"(*L& E5N( qC C% EG( n =15( pK ES> CzN( E:L 5<O ¡t K MC $5={( EdG Cz{(DC
8
K Ci" := K TWBCDC .MC SK$ ( 2 0 SK5C G := K = < &C DC := ( ;( = %C P= G( P 0(U CC% = %C .MC SK;C 1= 0 C := gK )C &C
SK;C 1= 0 := C &C .P 0(F,( 1= K T( := gK G SK$ C G 8 K Ci" := K K"( "K ( CK g P= G( SK;C C P 0(U ۚ SK$ C G
.MC SKG( = 0K H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ 4K ( - 0 y #0 P= ( @ +=
L$ K = 0 ! U; UM&C
ۚ x1"( _
SK5 K ( = 0 ! U; UMN( ۚ !( U; ( = 4 P= G( SLk- * C := ( $
( L 5=&C ;C < SLD = &C P 0(U
O( <( 0 ' %L
.:K "( E 4K SL S gK !K E5N(
qC F( 5=&L G P $ = &C SK1(E* .MC K = *K C E:L _K C1 :K 2L "*(B 0 M &C '( = %C P= G( !K C SK;( = &C := 2L T4 CN( SK"(5&C
;C < * $= 0 d a 5 qC SL-* M &C .MC K1K #= * C := K5=&C n = T _
K C1 :K 2L "*(B 0 M &C '( = %C P= G( := 2L T4 P= (G := 2L "= CN(
P G( K = 2L C J(5 g ! U; UM&C S= C qC SL-* = &C .P 0( >( E$ P ( C K = L M N( !( U; I ( = J(D K A EDC G
J(*0 h *=Q = %C ;C T .V ($
( = K P G( MC SL BCDC 3n EC J( UM&C S= C _ C1 * V ( CqSL-* = &C .V -( EK
.P 0(D( C2 P G( = L 8 = 2 = T( T=U2C DC
(1) It depicts internal feeling of unbelievers that their hearts feel nauseated when Allah is remembered in front of
them.

P0(2C K ; ( xS) G : E J(D d

"= C&C ۚ 3b EOS $
= GK := K gK SK K !( U; C;< SKTC C P 0(U * ( G "-( S= 0
S gK ۖ H J= R 'L K (> !K U; .MC SK5F = 0 := gK C y S$ :K K $ 0 C := ( *(+ C T( =S-C E* P 0(U !K U; J,0K
:K gK h i(CL& !( U; 8 ( 0(T KC C P 0(U ۗ } ( 4= BC 8( E$ K "(C-G !K C .'b "( H J= R 'L ;C <
1 CMSL;g ( , 0&C K K<= &C J5KGK B * !( U; "= DC &C ' %L .MC K( 7
'( T .P 0( ( 7 P G( EP5SL2C h ;L < EPkC = "C
R= &C P= i(C h
;( = %C P= G( P 0(U CN( h
"= CN( J ( L& = -C C
( G "-( S= 0 !K K
= %C x1"( }
K 4= BC p( 4( = %C E ! U; K4 %C G .P 0(( E# P G( P= L = K<= CD ! U;
.MC SL( # = 0K E< C1* !K 5= K ۚ !( ("("T( 8
a E0S( k G 8
K E$
>= &L !( "(D ( 5K E:L ۖ !K U; Q R P= G UN( } ( 4= BC J(D P= G 8 ( E$ J(D P= G 1( DC 4( S J(D ( 5K
( # V "(E(T Q J( _ K 2( 9 t ( K T4 4( SKT( } K 4= BC
( %C R= &C .MC KL = 0 a "%( := gK Cz{(DC
"( .MC SL;1 0 T( :K ;C <= &C S gK = ;C ( < G d H 5 ' L = "DK .MC SK;C 0K C := gK
(T := K "= T J
( %L
'b K 4K := 2L *(B 0 := C&C K5F > := K C qC C% TK ST=&C
= (DL gy CzN( E ۖ xG +K : E CN( KC C P 0(U
L ;( C
= U- P= 2( C ;C T SLC% ۚ Cg := 2L G( S= 0 Q C-( := 2L 5K4( = 0K := 2L T4 8 ( 0 := 2L "= ;C < MC SL;=0 := 2L = G(
.P 0(2C K S) G d i (DC ۖ "(D P 0((> : E _ ST=&C SL;>K O= 'C "(% .P 0(D( C2 C;< _ ( C1
a C; K5F > := K C qC C% TK ST=&C = (DL gy CzN( E ۖ xG +K ( E,
CN( := K ET4 =S-C E* P 0(U "(
P G( &LES5 } 4= BC C4 = &C pK <= %C W
(U !( U;( K =
SLC% .P 0((> gSL;>K O= CD := K= A( := 2L "= ;C <
.V ;( G( 1 K = &C : 1= (DC ۖ y #5 r
L "= ( E,

K =
'C "(%
(T := K "= T J
( %L ۖ := ( T4 ( =
T( MC S
K $
0K w
( = 1 q( S= P= G( V
D C 2C (C; *
.V
( C1 _4 !( U;(
(1) The word 'g is used to describe the attitude of a person who decides emotionally not rationally.
Face the Challenge! Face the Challenge!

In what cases, it is better to use nouns instead of In what cases, descriptive language is used in
pronouns? meaning of persuasive language?
In groups xG +K He became unconscious due

to a shock
1( W
Folded 8
a E0S( k G

Lesson 18A: I’lm-ul-Badee’ 90 :;<
Dear Reader!
We have completed our discussion about I’lm-ul-
Bayan and I’lm-ul-Ma’ani. In this lesson, we shall Try to adopt the character of Prophet
Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W.
discuss the fundamentals of I’lm-ul-Badee’.
90 :;< is used to add beauty to a communication from the aspects of its form and meaning. Since, this
discipline is not essential to understand the meaning of the Quran and the Hadith, therefore, we shall discuss
the basic concepts briefly. In Arabic, certain techniques are used to beautify a communication from the
aspect of its meanings. Some of them are as follows:
• @A: It is combining a noun and its opposite noun in one sentence. For example, K g( U K >( | qL EjQ S gK
PK A( (He is the First and the Last, and the Evident and the Immanent).
• ;T-G: It is comparing two opposite things with each other in a sentence. For example,
( K1= (T := gK K GK B 0
( 2C K P= < := gK = 0 (He instructs them for good practices and forbids them from evil).
• C 3L < G : It is combining two related but not opposite things in a one sentence. For example, S gK !E5N(

K ( 9K "(E$ (Verily, He is the Listener, the Observer).
• ;#G: It is using a word that is similar to the form of another word used in the same sentence. For
example, := gK $5=BCDC ! U; SK$5 (They forgot Allah, so He left them). Here the word :g$5& is used for Allah
Who does not forget. It is used in the meaning “He left them” due to their crime that they forgot Allah.
This word is used to add the beauty to the sentence.
• K # JkC : It is describing two things briefly and then providing details for them without mentioning
that what is related to which thing. For example, !( ;(
= DC P= G( SK= ( !( "(D SK2L $
= ( 4 E 'C "= U; := 2L C 'C 1 (He
made the night and the day for you so that you may rest in it and you may get His bounty in it). Initially,
night and day are described and then their objective is described. It is left on the reader to judge what
objective is related to night and what is related to day. Sometimes, details are not described in the same
order. The objective is to keep the audience attentive.
• 9: It is combining two unrelated things in a one sentence. For example, "5= 3( " L 0(+ MC SK qL
(Wealth and children are an attraction for the worldly life). In such cases, the relationship is very fine.
Wealth & children have a fine relation that they both are strongly desired in this world. Arabs used to
express pride over both of these things.
• 0*: It is combining two things in a a sentence and then describing additional details for one of them to
show its priority. For example,
a &L `
a ; G( Cg !K TK R eb ( 8
a DL _
a < Cg (This is sweet and pure having a
good taste for drinking and this is sour and salty). Here the drinkable water is described in detail but the
salty water is just mentioned to express the importance of drinkable water.

• :"$-*: It is combining two or more nouns in a sentence and then separately describing the details of each
of them. For example, H W
= W
`
H 0(T( SL2;( g= BLDC Oa < EG&C .( "( Uk(T SL2;( g= BLDC OK SKC EGBCDC .( < 4( C- (T Oa < OK SKC
= TUC
H "*(< (Thamud & Aad rejected the Day of Judgment. As for Thamud, they were destroyed by a
thunderbolt. As for A’ad, they were destroyed by a furious windstorm).
• G: It is describing the largeness or intensity of something. For example, pK #= 0 J,L H = T J(D 8
H ;L L C = &C
/
H 1= T @
S= DC
K 1= T 8
a ;L L _
a !( %( S= DC P= G( aS= G !( %( S= DC P= G(
a S= G (Or like darkness in a deep sea overwhelmed with
high tides, one over another, overcast with dark clouds, layers of utter darkness one above another).
• !T,=0{T JR J5: It is describing a positive thing in a negative way. For example, 9a "= T 3b 4 ,*( := ( "(; *K
!( U; ( z( P= < (Neither the trade nor the exchange divert them from remembering Allah). It means that they
always sremember Allah.
• d21 : It is describing two opposite processes in one sentence. For example, K ( 7= 0K

( " P= G( EJ

K ( 7
= 0K
J
P= G(
" (He brings out life from non-living matter and He brings out non-living matter from living
matter).
In addition to above techniques which add the beauty to the meanings, certain techniques are also used to
beautify a communication from the aspect of its form. Some of them are as follows:
• ~: It is combining two or more words having similar sound to each other. For example, G K K<= &C
K K<= &C G MC KT(< := K5=&C .:= *< G a T(< 5&C .K K<= &C G MC KT(< := K5=&C .MC KK1= * (I do not worship what you
worship and you are not worshippers of Whom I worship. I am not a worshipper of whom you worship
and you are not worshippers of Whom I worship).
• 9,: It is producing a similar sound at end of each sentence. For example, .MC SKg := ( *(W P= < := gK P 0(U
MC SK< MC SK1= 0 .MC y 0K := gK P 0(U (Those who are neglectful of their prayers, those who make a show of
piety, and refuse to share necessities of life). It is very common in the Quran.
• 9"W*: It is using two sentences with the same weight and producing a similar sound at end of each
sentence. For example, :
H "( J(C 4 E,L UMN( .:H "(15 J(C 4 T=jQ UMN (Verily the righteous will be in blessings
and surely the offenders will be in the hell). It is also common in the Quran but most common poetry.
• ~215 : It is producing opposite sounds by reversing the order of letters. For example, = 2C DC h
ET4 (And
your Lord, so describe His greatness).
Face the Challenge! What is
41 'g,*? Why it is
used? Give two examples.

Re-Use of Other’s Communications

Other’s communication are used in different ways. The detail is as follows:
• %: It is using other’s communication without mentioning the name of original communicator. It is
considered highly unethical equivalent to theft. It has different forms:
• $5: A person uses the entire communication of other including words and concepts.
• $G: A person takes other’s communication and presents it in his name after making some changes.
• ;: A person takes the meaning of another’s communication and presents it in his own words.
• ~% : It is using other’s communication as a quote along with mentioning the name of original
communicator. It is not unethical and allowed. Various sayings of previous people are quoted in the
Quran.
• P="*: It is usually done in poetry. A poet takes a poem of some famous poet and adds his own verses
with its verses. The name of original poet is also mentioned. It is also not unethical and allowed.
• -(<: It is describing other’s prose in form of poetry. Many Arab poets have used Quranic verses and
Ahadith in their poetry.
• '( : It is describing other’s poetry in form of prose. Many Arab prose writers have converted the poetry
of famous poets into prose.
• `";*: It is indicating a famous event. For example, the Quran indicates various known events from
Israelite history. Details of such events are not described in the Quran because they are well-known
events of Israelite history and described in detail in the Bible.
Rule of the Day!

Figurative speech is widely used in Arabic. Sometimes, descriptive sentences are used
for persuasion and vice versa. Questions are used for a purpose other than seeking
information. Omission / description of words have certain hidden meanings. Change
in sequence of words has certain meanings. Use of proper or common nouns means
something. Use of general or specific words has different meanings. More or less
amount of words has different meanings. Different situations for all of them are
described at this level.

Test Yourself
Translate the following passages of the Quran. Describe the name of the technique used to beautify the
meaning of a sentence. Read the context, if something is not clear.
:$% J(T<

:= 2L U;1 C pK SK(= CD M( Ck"= E# '( < P= (G d
a = 4( K =+jQ _
K 5Qj K $
( "= K = 7 E5N(
9ë
(5:90) M C SK;( *K
(6:1) 4 S 8
( ;L 'C 1 }
4= jQ 8
( S E$ ;C > (U !( U;( K =

(6:103)
K (7
?
K "(kU; S gK 4 T=jQ K 4( = 0K S gK 4K T=jQ !K L 4( = *K
:" P¿ ^ :$T
(38:66) 4K U FK 0(F1 K "= T G }
( 4= jQ 8
( S E$ _4
(53:43-44) " = &C 8
G&C S gK !K E5&C .C2T=&C h

t
= &C S gK !K E5&C
(101:4-5) w
( SL P( = 1( C qL ,
( ML SL2* .
( SL)= w
( C C ~
K E ML SL20 S= 0
(104:1-8) .3H F L 3H F gK '2L ( 'b 0=
'C 7
( T P= G EG&C .$
= "K; ( pK K $"K$
DC .$ = K (T @
EW
.C-E* Ck<= &C P= G EGBCDC
(92:5-10) $ = 1K ; ( pK K $"K$
DC .$
= K (T _
UC .= =
(55:5-6) M
( ,
K$
= 0 K ,
E# :K ,
= E .MH $
=
K T( K -C d
K = E#

n
= DC SK= ( 3n ( = GK 4( E C 0 ;1 '( "= U; C 0 5S=
DC P( "= 0 4 E 'C "= U; ; 1
(17:12) _ $ ( V ($ O < SK;C 1= ( := L2T4 P= G(
(17:15) !( $
( ( (= 0 E5{(DC g= P= G
(59:21) !( U; ( "#

= > P= G( n< GK n1R( > !K 0=&C C 'H C;< MC =-L Cg F 5=&C S= C
Face the Challenge!

What is :"2 _S;&? Why it is used? Give two examples.

:$% J(T<

(31:32) 4H SL
C 4H E> ' L UN( *(0(T K
,= 0 G
b 0( g !K GBLDC .!K K0(+ SG
= U> P= G EG&C .H "t
( 4 H #
"(< J(D S K DC .!K K0(+ SG
= ;C -L C P= G EGBCDC
(101:6-9)
V
1( T4= &C SKG 5= < z N( ... = := 2L T( % DC z N( ...MC S= < = D( q( P= G( := L "= E,5 z N(
:= 2L "= ;C < ; U;C ..._
2( SKG "= * z N( ...p( ( 1= T P= G( 'C , = 1( := *K 7
E* E:L n ;C "= C
(2:49-59) C 0= -C p( ( g SL;>K O= ; %L z N( ...
8
= ( 5 G H
K T=&C L 1 = p( ( 1= T P= G( pK K 0 K
= a %&C 3H ,
R P= G( }
( 4= jQ J(D E5&C S= C
(31:27) !( U; 8K ;( C
(5:44) J(5S= #
>= ~
E =S#
7
= * CD
EJ(T 0 _
K SL-1= 0 !( "(T :K "(g T=N( T( EW ...EPK E*BCDC 8 H ;( 2C T( !K T4 : "(g T=N( C;T= z N(
(2:124,132) M C SK;( $ = GK := K5=&C UN( EP*KSK* CD P 0 := 2L C CkC W = ! U; UMN(
(11:44) K G= jQ J
( %L y /
"( J(1;( % &C y 0 ( Q G J(1;C T= }
K 4= C& 0 'C "(%
MC S;
( 0 := gK := K C '§ ( EPgK 4( U2L CN( EPgK SK1( = * CD 8
H G( = GK EPgK SKK= ;( < M {(DC
(60:10) EPK C
(99:7-8) p0 nR
3H E4zC qC C-) G( ' 1= 0 P= G .p0 n="> 3H E4zC qC C-) G( ' 1= 0 P= DC
!( T( P k S DC .n1-5 !( T( MC = CBCDC .n=W

K 8
( ( K CD .n =%C 8
( 04( SKCD .n=t
8
( 0O( 1
(100:1-5) n1=
(5:5) :
= K C '§ ( := 2L GK 1AC := 2L C '§ ( _
2( SK*L& P 0(U K 1AC
4K SK-L CzN( .8
= ,DL 4K ( CzN( .8
= )C5 I
K ( S2C CzN( .8
= kC C 5 y E$ CzN(
(82:1-5) 8 = E>&C
= G E%C G d a 5
= ;( < .8 =Q )(1= TK

Lesson 18B: Surat-ul-Mu’min to Surat-ul-Hujuraat

In this lesson, we shall continue our study of the Holy Quran. Nothing is easier than self-deceit.
The Surahs mentioned in the Lesson 17B & 18B are structured
For what each man wishes, that
assignment to discover the structure of this part of the Quran. he also believes to be true.
:" P= ^ :$T P(GK 3L 4 SK

ۖ q( S= Uk (z _ ( C-1( ( 0(R _ ( S= E '( T(C% I( 5=U ( D( C .:( "(;1 F( 0(F1 !( U; P G( _ ( 2( 'L 0(F= * .:
.O( C;( J(D := K K; -C * 4= K = 0 C;DC KC C P 0(U UN( !( U; 8
( 0 J(D qL (O,0K G . K ( !( "= CN( ۖ S gK UN( ! CN( C
SLO ۖ pK L>K B "( := ( (SK T( H EG&L ' L = Eg ۖ := g( ( 1= T P= G( _K F = BC H SK5 K S= %C := K ;C =%C = TUC
C;< h T4 K ;( C = U- h (C C (_C-<( MC C ? "= 2C DC ۖ := K *K > BCDC E !( T( SK ( = "K( '( A( (T
.4( E _ K W = &C := K E5&C KC C P 0(U
SKG P 0(U;( MC K( = $ = 0 !( T( MC SKG( = 0K := (T4 ( = T( MC SK$ 0K !K CS= P= G w = 1 MC SL;( =0 P 0(U
.:( "(, _ C< := ( %( h ;C "( SK1E* SKT* P 0(U;( = ( CD x; <( n = 4 H J= R U'L 1= ( ET4

5=&C h E5N( ۚ := ( *(E04zL := ( ( += &C := ( (T P= G( ` ;C W
P= G := K *= < J(U MH = < 8( E := K ; >( O= C& ET4
.:K "(1 +K S= C S gK h
(zC ۚ !K = ( 4 = -C DC H i(G S= 0 8
( Ci"E$ ( * P= G ۚ 8 ( Ci"E$ :K ( %( .:K "(2 FK 0(F1
.MC KL 2 DC M( µ{( CN( MC S= < = *K z N( := 2L $ L 5=&C := 2L (- G P= G( K &C !( U; K - C MC = O 0K KC C P 0(U UMN(
CzN( !K E5BCT( := 2L (zC H'"( P= G( H K>K CN( ' DC T(SK5L T( D <= CD P( "= "= " = &C P( "= EG &C ET4 SLC%
. ( (2C J;( 1 !( U;( :K 2
K CD ۚ SKG( = *K !( T( = #
= 0K M N( ۖ := *K= C C pK = !K U; J <( OK
Face the Challenge!

Identify the central theme of each Surah in this lesson. Ponder deeply to identify the relation
of each verse with that central theme. Relate the central theme of each Surah in Lesson 17B
& 18B with each other. Hint! Surat-ul-Mumin to Surat-ul-Ahqaaf have a close relation.
Hatred
K - G Powerful q( S= Uk (z One who accepts '( T(C%

! U; SK<O= CD .I K "(0K P= G UN( K UC 0 G ۚ n%+= 4( ( E$ P G( := 2L C qL F0K !( *(0 := 2L 0(0K (U S gK
;C < p( ( G= &C P= G( 1
J(-; 0K w ( = 1 Lz 8
( 4 E 9K "(D4 .MC KD( C2 p ( C S= C P 0 !K C V ( ;( 7 = GK
.@
( C;E S= 0 4 ( = "K( p( O( <( P= G( y #0 P= G
S= " .4( E-C ( ( S !( U;( ۖ S= " h K ; K P( ( ۚ ¥ J= R := K = G( !( U; C;< C 7 = 0 C ۖ MC K+4( T := gK S= 0
z( N( ( DC +( S= 0 := gK 4= ( 5=&C ._( $ ( 9K 0( ! U; UMN( ۚ S= " : ; L C ۚ = $ C T( d H 5 ' L F , = *K
G P( "K<= BC C (> :K ;C 1= 0 . K Ck0K 9H "(R C :H "( P= G( V ( (U;( G ۚ V ( ( C 2 ( (
C _ K SL;-L
S gK ! U; UMN( ۗ H J= # T( MC SK- 0 C !( 5(KO P= G( MC SK<= 0 P 0(U ۖ (T J(- 0 !K U; .4K K J(7 = *K
.K ( 9K "(E$
:= K = G( ER &C := gK SK5C ۚ := ( ;( = %C P= G( SK5C P 0(U L %( < MC C ? "= C KL = "DC } ( 4= BC J(D K($0 := C &C
= 5C := K E5BCT( h (zC .@
H P= G( !( U; P G( := K C MC C G := ( T(SK5L T( !K U; :K gK C > BCDC } ( 4= BC J(D x4C 3n ES%L
._
( C-1( K 0(R ¡S( %C !K E5N( ۚ !K U; :K gK C > BCDC KC 2C DC 8
( "(T := K ;L K 4K := ( "(*B *
._
a UC a ( SLC-DC 3 MC K4C% MC Gg MC S= < = D( CN( .V H (GK MH Ck; K *(0(T SKG ; 4= &C = -C C
K "= C G ۚ := gK Q $5( SK"
= = !K 1 G SKG P 0(U Q T=&C SL;K% SLC% 5( = <( P= G( (T := gK Q E;C DC
.qH C;t
J(D UN( P 0(D( C2
}
( 4= BC J(D ( 0K M &C = &C := 2L 0(O qC 0K M &C
K >&C J5N( ۖ !K ET4

K = " SKG ' K% &C J(5K4zC ML S= < = D( qC C%
.O $C
._
( $
( ( S= "T( PK G( = 0K C H 2C GK 'L P= G( := 2L T4 JT T( 8
K <K J5N( SKG qC C%
(1) Here 4 means “revelation” because it gives life to brains like a spirit. (2) Depiction of extreme fear that the
hearts will come near the throat. (3) Haman was the right hand of the Pharaoh. Korah was an Israelite who revolted
against them and became a follower of the Pharaoh.
Face the Challenge!

Identify three techniques which are used to beautify a communication from the
aspect of its form. Give one example of each.
Suppressed due to fear V

( ( C The day which came
near
( DC +( Prominent, noticeable MC K+4( T

:= L Q = %C !K U; J T4 qC SL-0 M &C n;K 4 MC SL;K- *&C !K 50=N( :K K2 0 MC S= < = D( q( P= G( Pa G( = GK b'K 4 qC C%
UMN( ۖ := L K 1( 0 (U / K 1= T := 2L = ( 0K n%O( W h
K 0 M N( ۖ !K TK( C !( "= ;C 1 DC xTz( C h
K 0 M N( ۖ := 2L T4 P= G( 8( "(T
5K K = 0 P= DC }
( 4= BC J(D 1 P 0(g( C S= " h
K ; K :K 2L C ( S= %C 0 ._ a UC
a ( $
= GK S gK P= G (= 0 C ! U;
. ۚ 5Q M N( !( U; ~
( B T P= G(
.O( RE 'C "( UN( := 2L 0(g= &C G 4 &C G UN( := 2L 0(4&L G ML S= < = D( qC C%
O SKC OH < H SK5 ( S= %C _ ( &O 'C ) G( ._ ( F = BC ( S= 0 'C ) G( := 2L "= ;C <
K >&C J5N( ( S= %C 0 P G (U qC C%

MC SS *K S= 0 .O( E S= 0 := 2L "= ;C <
K >&C J5N( ( S= %C 0 .O( 1( ; ( x; L K 0(0K !K U; G ۚ := g( ( 1= T P= G( P 0(U

'L = %C P= G( ?K K SK0 := L Q = -C C .OH g P= G( !K C DC !K U; '( ;( = 0K P= G ۗ :H W
( < P= G( !( U; P G( := 2L C G P 0(T(= GK
ۚ nSK4 p( ( 1= T P= G( !K U; r C 1 = 0 P= C := K; %L h
;C g CzN( E ۖ !( T( := L Q EG( hR J(D := K+( DC 8 ( "(T
KC ۖ := gK *&C MH Ck; K ( "= T( !( U; 8 ( 0 J(D MC SLO( ,0K P 0(U ._ a *= GK
a ( $
= GK S gK P= G !K U; ' ( 0K h (C C
.4H E H 2C GK I( ; %C 'L ;C < !K U; 9K k 0 h (C C ۚ SKG P 0(U = <( !( U; = <( x- G
!( CN( CN( 9 ;( UABCDC 8 ( E$ _ = &C ._ = BC eL ;L T=&C J;1 C x = W J( P( T= ML Gg 0 ML S= <= D( qC C%
UN( MC S= < = D( K "= C G ۚ '( "(E$ P( < EWK !( ;( < y SK MC S= < = ( ( P 0+K h(C C ۚ xTz( C !K L BCC J5N( SKG
._ H * J(D
UMN( a G "5= 3L "
p( ( g E5N( ( S= %C 0 .O( RE 'C "( := L ( g= &C M( SK1(E* ( S= %C 0 P G (U qC C%
)C5=&L = &C H C zC P= G( x(W 'C ( < P= G ۖ ;C ) G( UN( F , = 0K C;DC n iC" 'C ( < P= G .4( -C 4K O J g( 3C >(
._H $ ( ( "= T( "(D MC SL%+ = 0K C E,
MC SL;>K = 0 h
i(CLBDC Pa (G= GK S gK
d
"= C G !( T( ( R= &L !( U;(T L BC( J(5SK<= * .4( E CN( J(5SK<= * 3( ,E CN( := L SK<O= &C J( G ( S= %C 0
C "5= JD( 3b S <= O !K C d "= C !( "= CN( J(5SK<= * E5&C C .4( U F( 0(F1 CN( := L SK<O= &C 5&C :a ;<( !( T( J(
ۚ := 2L C qL SL%&C G MC KL $ DC .4( E _ K W = &C := gK V D( ( $
= K UM&C !( U; CN( 5EO G UM&C 3( >( J(D
.O( 1( (T
a ( T ! U; UMN( ۚ !( U; CN( (G= &C } K SDC &L
(1) }
( 4= BC J(D P 0(g( C is q for S= " h
K ; K .
Definitely C Ruin, destruction _
H * Call, great announcements for
evaluation, reward & punishment
O( E

"#
( < K L "= ;C < MC SKt 1= 0K 4K E ._( C1 y SK MC S= < = D( q( (T @ ۖ K2C G G 8 ( Ci" !K U; pK C%S DC
y C1 qL SL-"DC 4( E J(D MC S0 z (N ._ ( C1 ER &C MC S= < = D( qC SL;>( O= &C L < E$ K SL-* S= 0 ۖ
.4( E P G( x"( 5 E< MC SK= GK := K5=&C ' DC x1* := 2L C EL E5N( K2 = P 0(U;(
: E ( 5F 7 ( 4( E J(D P 0(U qC C% .O( 1( P "= T : 2C = %C ! U; UMN( "(D '§ L E5N( K2 = P 0(U qC C%
ۚ ;C T SLC% ۖ 8 ( "(T := 2L ;L K 4K := 2L "(*B * h
K * := C C& SLC% ._ ( C1 P G( xGS= 0 E< ? = 7 0K := 2L ET4 SK<O=
1 "5= 3( " J(D SKG P 0(U ;C K 4K K K =C E5N( .qH C;t J(D UN( P 0(D( C2 y <OK G ۗ SK<O= CD SLC%
"= * = -C C .4( E y SK := K C L 1= U; :K K C ۖ := K *K4 ( 1= G V ( (U 9K C = 0 C S= 0 .OK R= BC K SL-0 S= 0
._ ( BC J(LB( z( xgK ._ 2( 'C "( = N( J(T 4 = &C K SKG
MC SLO( ,0K P 0(U UMN( .4( C2T={( J# ( 1 (T h
T4 ( = T( `= h
(5=C ( = ( = = ¡ !( U; <= UMN( = (W= CD
S gK !K E5N( ۖ !( U;(T 1( = CD ۚ !( "((T( := gK G a = ( UN( := g( 4( KWK J(D M N( ۙ := gK *&C MH Ck; K ( "= T( !( U; 8 ( 0 J(D
.MC SK;C 1= 0 C ~ ( E )C &C EP2( C ~ ( E ( ; > P= G( K &C } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$ K ; 7 C .K ( 9K "(E$
.MC KUC * G n;"(;%C ۚ y J($K C 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U K ( <= BC (S$ = 0 G
.MC SKG( = 0K C ~
( E )C &C EP2( C "(D I 0=4 C b "*(C C < E$ UMN(
.P 0(>( O : E MC SL;>K = " J(*O <( P= < MC K(2 $ = 0 P0(U UMN( ۚ := 2L C I
= , ( = &C J(5SK<O= :K 2L T4 qC C%
)C &C EP2( C ~( E C;< 'H = DC LC ! U; UMN( ۚ x( = GK 4 E !( "(D SK2L $ = ( 'C "= U; :K 2L C 'C 1 (U !K U;
hK DC = 0K h (C C CMSL2DC = *K E5BCDC ۖ S gK UN( ! CN( C H J= R 'L K (> := 2L T4 !K U; :K 2L (zC .MC K2L # = 0 C ~
( E
.MC K , = 0 !( U; 8 ( 0(T SK5C P 0(U
8
( "Uk P G( := 2L %C + 4 := L 4 S W
K P $
= BCDC := L 4 ESW
T( Q E$ x4 %C } 4= BC :K 2L C 'C 1 (U !K U;
ۗ P 0 !K C V
( ;( 7
= GK pK SK<O= CD S gK UN( ! CN( C J S gK .V ( C1 _4 !K U; 4 DC ۖ := 2L T4 !K U; :K 2L (zC ۚ
.V ( C1 _4 !( U;( K =
(1) It is Allah’s law that the prophets who are assigned the title of qS4 are helped in this world. Unbelievers can
neither dominate nor kill them. The unbelievers are punished in this world and destroyed completely. Examples
include the nations of Prophet Noah, Hud, Saleh, Abraham, Lot, Shu’aib, Moses, Jesus & Muhammad 3S; :";<
$ . Many of these nations were punished by natural disasters while the nations of Prophet Moses & Muhammad
were punished by the hands of believers. Such punishment is described in the Surat-ul-Taubah.

: ;( = &L M &C 8 K = G( &L JT4 P= G( 8 K " J 5(Q EC !( U; M( KO P= G( MC SK<= * P 0(U K<= &C M &C K "(5K J5N( ' %L
SK;L = ( E:L n; A( := 2L K ( 7
= 0K E:L H -C ;C < P= G( E:L H C k 5K P= G( E:L _
H *K P= G( := 2L -C ;C > (U S gK .V ( C1 _ (
S gK .MC SL;-( 1= * := 2L U;1 C $ GK n; &C SK;L = ( ۖ 'L = %C P= G( UDS 0K P= G := 2L = G( ۚ x>SK"RK SK5SL2( E:L := L ERK &C
.ML SL2"DC P= L !K C qL SL-0 E5{(DC xG= &C C% Cz{(DC ۖ
K "(0K J(" = 0K (U
!( T( ; 4= &C T( _
( 2( (T SKTUC P 0(U CMSLD = 0K E5&C !( U; 8 ( 0 J(D MC SLO( ,0K P 0(U CN( * := C&C
4( E J(D E:L :( "( J(D .MC SK $= 0K 'L ( C;E$ := ( %( <= &C J(D qL C; BC z( N( .MC SK;C 1= 0
S= $ DC ۖ ;C K 4K
SK<= 5 P= 2L 5 := C ' T E< S;t SLC% ۖ !( U; M( KO P= G( CMSL( # = *K := K= L G P 0=&C := K C 'C "(% E:L .MC K, $ = 0K
.P 0(D( C2 !K U; '
( 0K h (C C ۚ ni"= R 'L = %C P= G(
P 0((> : E _ ST=&C SL;>K O= .MC SK = * := K= L T(
( "= T( }
( 4= BC J(D MC SK * := K= L T( := 2L (zC
= &C := gK K 1( 5 (U /
1= T h E0( 5K EG{(DC ۚ ¡ !( U; <= UMN( = (W = CD .P 0(2C K S) G d i (DC ۖ "(D
.MC SK1 = 0K "= C{(DC h
E"UDS 5
MC C G ۗ h "= ;C < ¬= K - 5 := C P= G := K = G( h "= ;C < = %C P= G := K = G( h ;( = %C P= G( n;K 4K ; 4= &C = -C C
!K U; .MC SL;k( = K h
(gK $ ( > (T J
( %L !( U; K G= &C Q Cz{(DC ۚ !( U; M( z {(T( UN( H 0(T J *(B 0 M &C qH SK(
J(D n "= ;C < SK;L = ( 9K D( G "(D := 2L C .MC SL;L B * = G( = G( SKC = ( 15=BC :K 2L C C'1 (U
.MC K2( = *K !( U; 8 ( 0 EBCDC !( *(0 := 2L 0(0K .MC SL; = *K h
( ; L C;< "= ;C < := L 4( KW K
3n ES%L ER &C := K = G( )C &C SK5C ۚ := ( ;( = %C P= G( P 0(U L %( < MC C ?
"= C KL = "DC }
( 4= BC J(D K($0 := ;C DC &C
T( SK ( DC 8 ( "(T := K ;L K 4K := K *=Q E;C DC .MC SK$( 2 0 SK5C G := K = < &C DC } ( 4= BC J(D x4C
pK = !( U;(T EG SLC% B T =&C4 E;C DC .MC SLF( = $ = 0 !( T( SK5C G := ( T( @ :( ; 1( P G( := gK = <(
.V ( ( #= GK !( T( EL T( 5= C C
h
(gK $
( > ۖ p( O( <( J(D
= ;C > = %C J(U !( U;
EK ۖ B T =&C4 EC := K 5KµN( := K 1K C = 0 Kh0 := ;C DC
.MC KD( C2

:" P= ^ :$T 3, : 3L 4 SK

x0(5 x# ( T .MC SK;C 1= 0 H S= -C ( "(T< x5=%L !K *K0 = ;C DL _ a ( .:( "( E P( = E P G( 'b 0(F= * .:
P= G( a % 5( Cz J(D !( "= CN( 5SK<= * EG( H E( &C J(D TKSL;L% SLC% .MC SK1 $ = 0 C := K DC := gK K )C &C }
<= BCDC
.MC SL;G( < E5N( ' <= CD _
a , ( h ("= T ("= T
'b 0= ۗ pK K ( = = !( "= CN( SK"(-= CD a ( !a CN( := 2L K CN( E5&C EJCN( SK0 := 2L ;L ) G( a #
T 5&C E5N( ' %L
8( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U UMN( .MC KD( C := gK 3( >( (T := gK 3C CEF MC SK*= 0K C P 0(U .V ( ( #= K ; (
.MH SK= G K "= C a = &C := K C
'C 1 .V ( C1 _4 h (zC ۚ xO 5=&C !K C MC SL;1 ,= * P( "= G S= 0 J(D } 4= BC ;C > (U(T MC KL 2 C := 2L E(&C ' %L
CN( S = E:L .V ;( (E$;( S H E0&C ( 1 T4= &C J(D * S% &C "(D 4 E%C "(D 4 T %( S= DC P= G( J ( 4 "(D
9 = EPgK -C DC .V 1( (CA "= *&C CC% xg= C = &C x<S= AC "( } ( 4= BC; ( C qC C-DC Mb >OK J g( ( E$
h (zC ۚ n ( ` "(T T( "5= Q E$ EE0+ ۚ g G= &C H 'L J(D = &C P( "= G S= 0 J(D 8 H
.:( "(;1 F( 0(F1 K 0(- *
:= ( 0(0=&C P( "= T P= G( 'L K :K K *=Q z N( .O SKC OH < ( -C <( W 'C ) G( n -C <( W := 2L *K4= C 5=&C ' -L DC SKt <= &C M {(DC
.MC KD( C !( T( := K; ( 4= &L T( E5{(DC n 2C (C;G qC F 5=BCC T4 Q R =SC SLC% ۖ ! U; UN( KK1= * U&C := ( ( ; > P= G(
(U ! U; UM&C = 0 := C &C ۖ 3n ES%L EG( R &C P= G SLC% ( "= T( }
( 4= BC J(D K2 = CD aO< EGBCDC
H E0&C J(D xW = W x4( := ( "= ;C < ; 4= CBDC .MC K , = 0 *(0(T SK5C ۖ 3n ES%L := K = G( R &C S gK := K -C ;C >
.MC K = 0K C := gK ۖ F >= &C 3( >( _
K C1 C ۖ "5= 3( "
J(D ( F= 7
( _
C< := K -C 0(K( 8
H $ ( 5
SK5C T( M( SK _ ( C1 L -C <( W := K *=C > CBDC K C;< 1 S = CD := gK 0= DC OK SKC EG&C
.MC S<K + SK0 := K DC 4( E CN( !( U; y <= &C K # =0K S= 0 .MC SL-E0 SK5C SKG P 0(U "= E,5 .MC SK$ ( 2 0
.MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C T( := gK OK SL;K := gK 4K T=&C := K 1K = := ( "= ;C < ( R gy G CzN( E

3H EG qC E&C := 2L -C ;C > S gK H J= R U'L kC 5=&C (U !K U; -C kC 5= &C SLC% ۖ "= ;C < := *K= ( R : ( := g( O( SL;, K ( SLC%
P= 2( C := L OK SL;K C := L 4K T=&C C := 2L 1K = := 2L "= ;C < # = 0 M &C 1 MC K($ = * := K= L G .MC SK1 = *K !( "= CN(
P G( := K= W= BCDC := L O4= &C := 2L T T( := K= C (U :K 2L C =:2L (zC .MC SL; 1= * EG( x)(C :K ;C 1= 0 C ! U; UM&C := K= C
.P 0(( 7
:= K C SKE0F DC Q 5 %L := K C = E"%C .V (1= K P G( := gK DC SK(1= $
= 0 M N( ۖ := K C xS) G 4K ECD K(= 0 M {(DC
:= K E5N( ۖ d
( 5={( P, ( P G( := ( ;( = %C P= G( = ;C > = %C :H G &L J(D qL S= -C :K ( "= ;C < E := K C ; > G := ( 0(0=C& P "= T G
EP-C 0(K;C DC .MC SK;( = * := 2L U;1 C !( "(D =S M( =-L C ( SK1 $ = * C KC C P 0(U qC C% .P 0(( > SK5C
ۖ 4K E !( U; ( <= &C y F h (zC .MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C (U &CS = &C := K E0F( , = C x0(R xT C< KCC P 0(U
.MC K, = 0 *(0(T SK5C T( F ۖ ( ; 7 K 4K O "(D := K C
P G( 5SL2"( G( % &C

= * K ; 1 ,
= 5 d
( 5={( P,
( P G( 5U;t
&C P( 0=C U; 54( &C ET4 KC C P 0(U qC C%
.V
;( C = BC
( E,
(T K#( T=&C S5KF
= * C SLD7* U&C L 2C (C; :K ( =";C < qL EF* SKGC-= E:L !K U; T4 SLC% P 0(U UMN(
:= 2L $K L 5=&C J(#
= * G "(D := 2L C ۖ 3( >( J(D "5= 3( " J(D := L £K "(= &C PK = 5 .MC K< SK* := K= L J(U
x(W 'C ( < !( U; CN( <O P= EG( nS= %C PK $ = &C P= G .:H "( 4 4H SLC P= G( nFK 5K .MC SK<E* G "(D := 2L C
.V ( ;( $
= K P G( J(E5N( qC C%
¡J( !K E5BCC 3b < !K "= T h "= T (U Cz{(DC PK $ = &C J g( J(U(T 9= DC O= ۚ L iC"E$ C L $ (S$ = * C
²
b F= 5 M( Ck"= E# P G( h EC F = 0 EGN( .:H "(< ¯° Lz UN( gU-;C 0K G KW P 0(U UN( gU-C;0K G .:a "(
K, K$ = * C ۚ K -C d K = E# 4K E 'L "= U; !( *(0 P= G( .:K "(;1 9K "(E$ S gK !K E5N( ۖ !( U;(T 1( = CD
= <( P 0(UCD K2 = M( {(DC .MC KK1= * pK E0N( := K= L M N( EPK -C ;C > (U !( U;( K, K = ( -C ; ( C d
( = E#;(
(3,) .MC SKGBC$ = 0 C := gK 4( E '( "= U;(T !K C MC SK$ 0K h
T4
(1) You did not use to hide your deeds from your hands & skins i.e. you did not avoid their testimony against you.
Companions Q 5 %L We appointed

= E"%C Those whose
repentance is accepted
V
(1= K

g" = &C (U UMN( ۚ = T4 8 = EFg= Q "= ;C < F 5=&C Cz{(DC n 1 R( > } 4= BC * h E5&C !( (*0 P= G(
-C ; 0K P= DC &C ۗ "= ;C < MC S= C 7
= 0 C *(0 J(D MC K ( ; 0K P0(U UMN( .a 0(%C H J= R 'L ;C < !K E5N( ۚ *S= J(" = K C
.
a ( T MC SL; 1= * T( !K E5N( ۖ := Ki R( G SL; <= ۚ ( G "-( S= 0 xG( J(*B 0 P= G = &C a "= > 4( E J(D
!( ( ; > P= G( C !( 0= 0 P( "= T P= G( 'L A( !( "(*B 0 C .Fa 0(F< _
a 2( C !K E5N( ۖ := gK Q EC ( (T KC C P 0(U UMN(
Lz 3H ( = G LC h ET4 UMN( ۚ h ;( = %C P= G( '( K ;( 'C "(% = %C G UN( h C qL C-0K G .H "( :H "(2 P= G( 'b 0(F= * ۖ
P 0(U;( S gK ' %L ۗ J(T< ¡J( , <= &C&C ۖ !K *K0 = ;C DL CS= C SLC-C 1 "( , <= &C x5=%L pK ; 1 S= C .:H "(&C _
H C-<(
MH C2G P= G( MC = O 0K h i(CL& ۚ x< := ( "= ;C < S gK a % := ( 5( Cz J(D MC SKG( = 0K C P 0(U ۖ ¥ CR( xgK SKG
.H "(1T
J(C := K E5N( ۚ := K "= T J ( -L C h
T4 P= G( = -C b ;( C CS= C ۗ !( "(D ? ;( K>= CD _
2( SKG "= * = -C C
O 0K !( "= CN( .( "(1 ; ( H U;C T( h
T4 G ۗ "= ;C 1 DC Q &C P= G ۖ !( $
( ;( DC x(W 'C ( < P= G .I H 0(GK !K = G( hR
S= 0 ۚ !( ( ; 1( T( UN( 9K * C )C5=&L P= G( 'L ( = * G G( &C P= G( 8 H C P= G( K K 7= * G ۚ ( < E$ :K ; <(
SC ۖ 'L = %C P= G( MC SK<= 0 SK5C G := K = < U't .H "(R P= G( EG( G E5zC SLC% J(C RK P 0=&C =:( 0(O0K
.¬
H "(G P= G( := K C G
( 1= T P= G( EG( n = 4 pK % zC &C P= i(C .¦
b SK%C ~ a SLi"DC E# !K E$G M N( ( "= 7 ( <OK P= G( ML $5={( K BC$
= 0 C
ۚ $= K ; C pK = <( J( UMN( JT4 CN( K 1= ( 4K P= i(C n (C% C < E$ PL &C G J( Cg EPCSL-"C !K = E$G Q Et

} <= &C M( $5={( C;< = 1 5=&C CzN( .° H "(;C _ H C< P= G( := K E-C 0(KC SL;( < T( KC C P 0(U EPiCK;C DC
./ H 0( < H <OK LDC E# !K E$G CzN( !( (5(,(T BC5
J(D *(0 := ( 0(K .H "(1T @
H C-R( J(D S gK P= EG( ' t
&C P= G !( T( := *K= C C E:L !( U; ( = <( P= G( MC C M N( := K=0&C4 &C ' %L
C&C .a "(R H J= R 'L ;C < !K E5&C h
T T( ?
( 2 0 =:C &C ۗ
!K E5&C := K C P E"0 E := ( $ ( L 5=&C J(D @ ( CD
.b "(GK H J= R '2L T( !K E5N( C&C ۗ := ( T4 ( C-( P= G( H 0= G( J(D := K E5N(
(1) It is the answer of a question which is omitted due to its perceptibility in the answer. The question was cast by
the Jews to the pagans that: “The previous scriptures were revealed in Hebrew. If this Quran is from God, why did it
reveal in Arabic?”
He turned at his side (a
style of arrogance)
!( (5(,T( BC5 He becomes bored &
tired
K BC$
= 0 It gave profit
= T4

:" P= ^ :$T 4SK# 3L 4 SK

8( E$ J(D G !K C .:K "(2 FK 0(F1 !K U; h
;( = %C P= G( P 0(U CN( h "= CN( J( SK0 h (C C .$< .:
MC SK$ 0K L 2C (C; ۚ EP( %( S= DC P= G( MC = UkC 0 8K E$ OK C2* .:K "(1 J;( 1 S gK ۖ } ( 4= BC J(D G
!( 5(KO P= G( L7 E* P 0(U .:K "( E 4K SL S gK ! U; UMN( C&C ۗ } ( 4= BC J(D P= ( MC K( = $ = 0 := ( T4 ( =
T(
.'H "(S T( := ( "= ;C <
5=&C G := ( "= ;C < °
b "( !K U; Q "(= &C
ۚ !( "(D I
0=4 C 9( = , S= 0 4 ( = *K CS= P= G 1 -L E&L 4 ( = K( "(T< x5=%L h "= CN( "= = C& h
(C C
J(D y #0 P= G 'L >( = 0K P= 2( C 3n ( n EG&L := K ;C 1 , C !K U; QR S= C .( "= 1( E$ J(D a 0(DC ( E, J(D a 0(DC
S gK J(S S gK !K U;CD ۖ Q "(= &C !( 5(KO P= G( L7 E* ( &C .H "= ( 5 C J( P= G( := K C G MC SK(U ۚ !( ( = 4
.a 0(%C H J= R 'L ;C < S gK *S= J(" = 0K
K A( CD .I K "(5&L !( "= CN( K ; US * !( "= ;C < JT4 !K U; :K 2L (zC ۚ !( U; CN( !K K 2
K DC H J= R P= G( !( "(D := K ;C >= G
d "= C ۚ !( "(D := L £K 4 0 ۖ x += &C ( 15=BC P G( x += &C := 2L $ ( L 5=&C P= G( =:2L C 'C 1 ۚ }( 4= BC 8 ( E$
4K ( - 0 y #0 P= ( @ +=
L$ K = 0 ۖ } ( 4= BC 8
( E$ K "(C-G !K C .K "= ( 9K "(E$ S gK ۖ ¥ J= R !( ;( ) ( C
.:a "(;< H J= R '2L T( !K E5N( ۚ
SKG : "(g T=N( !( T( "= EW G h "= CN( "= = &C (U x SK5 !( T( EW G P( 0 P G( := L2C R
!( "= CN( J(,
= 0 !K U; ۚ !( "= CN( := gK SK<= * G V ( ( #= K C;< KC ۚ !( "(D SL%EC * C P 0 SK"(%&C M &C ۖ $ "(<
b ;( C CS= C ۚ := K "= T x"= T :K ; 1( :K gK Q G ( 1= T P= G( UN( SL%EC * G .I K "(0K P= G !( "= CN( (= 0 y #0 P= G
hR J(C := g( ( 1= T P= G( _ 2( SL4( L& P 0(U UMN( ۚ 2 := K "= T J ( -L C $ GK 'H &C CN( h T4 P= G( = -C
.I
H 0(GK !K = G(
(1) “The mother of towns” is the central town of a country. Makkah was the central town of Arab at the time of
Prophet. (2) From :"T J- ... ; S is a t1G ;K.
They were given as inheritance SL4( L& He selects J(,

= 0 He creates you := L £K 4 0

ۖ_ H ( P= G( !K U; qC F 5=&C T( K = G ' %L ۖ := gK Q Sg= &C 9= (E* C ۖ 8 = G( &L C := -( = ۖ K O= CD h (C ;( DC
!K U; ۖ :K 2L "= T "= T C E, K C ۖ := 2L L<= &C := 2L C L<= &C C ۖ := 2L T4 T4 !K U; ۖ :K 2L "= T qC ( <= BC( 8
K = G( &L
= <( b
( O := K KE, K !K C I "(,K= G ( 1= T P= G( !( U; J(D MC S0K P 0(U .K "= ( !( "= CN( ۖ "= T 9K , = 0
.a 0(R _ a C< := K C I a C := ( "= ;C < := ( T4
C P 0(U T( 'L ,
( 1= $
= 0 .I
a 0(%C C < E$ U'1 C h 0(4= 0K G ۗ MC F"( 1 (T _
2( qC F 5=&C (U !K U;
( < E$ J(D MC K40K P 0(U UMN( C&C ۗ E5&C MC SK;C 1= 0 = G( MC SL-( # = GK SKG P 0(U ۖ T( MC SKG( = 0K
C = K 0(0K MC C P= G .FK 0(F1 S( -C S gK ۖ y #0 P= G @ K +K = 0 p( O( 1( T( ?
a "(kC !K U; .H "(1T qH C;t J(C
.I
H "( 5 P= G( 3( >( J(D !K C G = G( !( *(= 5K "5=
C = K 0(0K MC C P= G ۖ !( (= J(D !K C O= F( 5 3( >(
UMN( ۗ := K "= T J
( -L C '( = C L ;( C CS= C ۚ !K U; !( T( M zC B 0 := C G P( 0 P G( := K C SK< R 2 y C RK := K C = &C
SKG P 0(U ۗ := ( T( 9a %( S gK SK$ C EG( V -( ( #
= GK V ( (U * .:a "(&C _ a C< := K C V ( (U
.3 K (2C 'L = C S gK h (zC ۚ := ( T4 = <( MC y#0 G := K C ۖ 8 ( E, 8
( t= 4 J(D 8 ( (E SL;( <
3C EOS UN( x= &C !( "= ;C < := 2L LBC= &C C ' %L ۗ 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U pK O <( !K U; K #0K (U h (zC
.4a SL2R 4a SLC ! U; UMN( ۚ x$ = K "(D !K C O= F( 5 n $

= ( - 0 P= G ۗ T= -L J(D 4
E ( 0K 'C A( !K U; ` K = 0 ۗ h (; %C ;C < := (7
= 0 !K U; {(#
0 M {(DC ۖ xT( C !( U; C;< D MC SLSL-0 = &C
G :K ;C 1= 0 8( Ci"E$ P( < SL1= 0 p( O( <( P= < C TS= E 'L - 0 (U S gK .4( K 8 ( CT( :a "(;< !K E5N( ۚ !( *(;( 2C T(
_
a C< := K C MC KD( C2 ۚ !( ;( = DC P= G( := gK K 0(F0 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U I K "(,$ = 0 .MC SL;1 *
a "= (> p( O( 1( T( !K E5N( ۚ y #0 G 4H -C T( qL F0K P= 2( C }( 4= BC J(D =S C p( O( 1( ( @
+= !K U; C$ T S= C .a 0(R
.K "( J(S S gK ۚ !K = 4 K #
K = 0 SLk%C G ( 1= T P= G( r C "= qL F0K (U S gK . a ( T
(1) The word £ is also used in the meaning of “it means” or “i.e.”. Grammarians call it q. ( . Here it means:
“Allah is the One Who revealed the Book with truth i.e. the criteria for right & wrong.” (2) The question is in the
meaning of refutation. (3) The Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W instigated the pagans to accept the truth by his close family
relations with them. (4) Correct emphasis of this verse can be appreciated by the verse above C = K 0(0K MC C P= G
I
H "( 5 P= G( 3( >( J(D !K C G = G( !( *(= 5K "5= .
He performs, commits
= ( - 0 Love, affection 3C EOS Refuted b

( O

.a 0(%C y #0 CzN( := ( 1( = ;C < S gK ۚ H ET O P= G( ( "(D UrT G } ( 4= BC 8
( E$ K ; > !( *(0 P= G(
G ۖ }( 4= BC J(D P 0(F, ( 1= K T( := K5=&C G .
H )(C P= < SL1= 0 := 2L 0(0=&C
= $
C (DC H "( GK P= G( := 2L TW&C G
.H ( 5 C J( P= G( !( U; M( KO P= G( := 2L C
J(D UMN( ۚ p( ( = C ;C < ( 4 P ; ;C "DC `
0 P( 2( $= K0 B #
0 M N( .( C;<= BCC (
= J(D 4( S,
!( *(0 P= G(
.
H )(C P= < ? K 1= 0 SK$ C T( EPK - T(SK0 = C& .4H SL2R 4H EW '2L ( 8 H 0C h (zC
G ۖ "5= 3( "

K DC H J= R P= G( := K"(*L& DC .¬
H "(G P= G( := K C G *(0 J(D MC SLO( ,0K P 0(U : ;C 1= 0
.MC SL;US 0 := ( T4 ;C < SKG P 0(U;( -C T=&C a "= > (!U; = <(
.MC K( = 0 := gK SK
( C G CzN( u
( SC :( {( (C MC SK(,
= 0 P 0(U
.MC SL-( = 0K := gK % + 4 EG( := K "= T 4 SKR := gK K G= &C 3C C;E SKGC%&C := ( T ( SKT,= P 0(U
.MC K( = 0 := gK JK = :K K TW&C CzN( P 0(U
5= P( C .V
( (U I ( 0K C !K E5N( ۚ !( U; C;< pK K = BCDC `
;C W
= &C C< P= DC ۖ ;L ) G( b iC" H iC" y F
}( 4= BC J(D MC SK = 0 ~ E MC SK;( 0 P 0(U C;< 'L "(E$ E5N( .'H "( P= G( := ( "= ;C < G h i(CLBDC !( ( ; L 1= T
.4( SKGBL ( F= < P= ( C h (zC UMN( C C W
P= C .:a "(&C _
a C< := K C h i(CL& ۚ ( "= T(
O G CN( ' g MC SLSL-0 _ C1 K&C4 EC V ( (U * ۗ p( ( 1= T P= G( J( P= G( !K C DC !K U; '( ;( = 0K P= G
SKG P 0(U qC C% ۗ J( >
H = AC P= G( MC KL = 0 q P G( V 1( R( > "= ;C < MC SKt 1= 0K := gK * H'"( P= G(
G .:H "(-GK _ H C< J(D V ( (U UMN( C&C ۗ ( G "-( S= 0 := ( "(;g= &C := K $
L 5=&C K$
( > P 0(U P 0((7 UMN(
:= 2L T ( SK"(,= .'H "( P= G( !K C DC !K U; '( ;( = 0K P= G ۗ !( U; M( KO P= G( := K 5KK = 0 Q "(= &C P= G( := K C MC C
.
H 2( 5 P= G( := 2L C G H i(G S= 0 {H,
; G P= G( =:2L C G ۚ !( U; P G( !K C EO G C a S= 0 J *(B 0 M &C ('= %C P= G(
Do you know?
The Surah was revealed during the last days of the Prophet’s stay at Makkah. The Muslims were prepared in these
verses to live in a separate Islamic Society. These verses describe their character in the new Islamic State. They are
required to run their affairs by mutual consultation. The verse := K "= T 4 SKR := gK K G= &C lays the foundation of political
system in an Islamic State. Dictatorship of a person or group is against such teachings of the Quran.
Place of return O G Mutual consultation 4 SKR Standing ( 4

n = 4 EG( MC $5={( % zC &C CzN( E5N( ۗ ² L C; UN( h

"= ;C < M N( ۖ n"( := ( "= ;C < ; 4= &C DC SKt <= &C M {(DC
ۚ}( 4= BC 8 ( E$ h K ; GK !( U;( .4a SLC MC $5={( UM{(DC := ( 0(0=&C = G E%C T( b iC" := K = ( *K M N( ۖ T(
( DC
'L 1 , = 0 ۖ n5N( x5 zL := K K F 0K = &C .4 SL y #0 P= ( I K 0 n5N( y #0 P= ( IK 0 ۚ y #0 G K ;L 7
= 0
.a 0(%C :a "(;< !K E5N( ۚ x"(-< y #0 P= G
y #0 G !( 5(z {(T( J ( SK"DC nSK4 'C ( = 0K = &C _
H , ( ( 4 P= G( = &C x" = UN( !K U; !K ;2C 0K M &C H # ( MC C G
ML 0={( C _ K 2( G (4= * = L G ۚ 5( G= &C P= G( 1 x K4 h "= CN( "= = &C h
(C C .:a "(2 ¡J;( < !K E5N( ۚ
!( U; ¦
( W ( .:H "(-$ = GK ¦H W( CN( (= C h E5N( ۚ 5O( <( P= G( y #5 P= G !( T( (= 5 x4SK5 pK ; 1 P= 2( C
.4K SKGBL K ( * !( U; CN( C&C ۗ }
( 4= BC J(D G 8 ( E$ J(D G !K C (U
(1) The method of revelation is described in these verses. 4 means the Angel Gabriel $ 3S; !";<.
Face the Challenge!

Identify 10 techniques which are used to beautify a communication from the aspect of its
meaning. Give one example of each.
Worth Reading
There are some people who think after writing? Who are they and why do they think
after writing something?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0006-Review.htm

:" P= ^ :$T

K>KF 3L 4 SK
¡J;( 1 C 0= C _( 2( &L J(D !K E5N( .MC SL;-( 1= * := 2L U;1 C "(T< x5=%L pK ; 1 E5N( .1V ( (K _ ( 2( .:
.V
(EBC J(D J(5 P= G( ; 4= &C := C .V D( ( $= GK xGS= %C := K= L M &C 2 x W :K 2L = < _ K ( = DC &C .:a "(2
.V (EBC 'L )CG
G x#k T := K = G( ER &C 2 ;C g= BCDC .MC SLF( = $
= 0 !( T( SK5C UN( J(5 P= G( := ( "(*B 0 G
}
4= BC :K 2L C 'C 1 (U .:K "(;1 FK 0(F1 EPK -C ;C > EPLSL-"C } 4= BC 8 ( E$ ;C > P= G := K CB P= i(C
x"= G 3n ; T !( T( 5= #
5=BCDC 4H -C T( G ( E$ P G( qC EF5 (U .MC K= * := 2L U;1 C n;KK "(D := 2L C 'C 1 x= G
.MC SKC = * G ( 15=BC h ( ; L P G( := 2L C 'C 1 U;L += BC C;> (U .MC SK 7 = *K h (C C ۚ
C E7 (U MC = K SLSL-* !( "= ;C < := K0=S = CzN( := 2L T4 C 1= 5( KL * E:L p( 4( SKL ;C < KS$ = (
.MC SK;( -C = K C T4 CN( E5N( .V
5(( - GK !K C EL G Cg
V
((T := L CW
= &C 8 H T K ;L 7
= 0 EG( C 7
E* ( &C .Va (GK 4a SL2C C MC $5={( UMN( ۚ F= K p( O( <( P= G( !K C SL;1
J(D BLE#0K P= G &C .:a "(C S gK 3 OS $ = GK !K K = U'C n;)CG P( = E;( _ t T( := gK K &C #TK CzN(
K( R &C ۚ n5N( P( = E OK <( := gK P 0(U C 2C (C; SL;1 .V H (GK K "= C ( 7 ( J(D S gK ( "; (
.MC SLBC$
= 0K := K *KO R I K 2 K ۚ := K -C ; >
xT( := gK "= * = &C .MC SKWK 7= 0 UN( := gK M N( ۖ :H ; <( P= G( h (C T( := K C G ۗ := gK 5= < G PK = E Q R S= C SLC%
.MC K= GK := g( 4( C ;C < E5N( H EG&L ;C < 5Q T 5= E5N( SLC% ' T .MC SL2$ ( = $ = GK !( T( := K DC !( ;( = %C P= G(
;C < E5N( H EG&L ;C < 5Q T 5= E5N( gSLD = GK qC C% UN( H 0( 5 P= G( H 0= %C J(D h ;( = %C P= G( ; 4= &C G h
(C C
!( T( := K; ( 4= &L T( E5N( SLC% ۖ := L Q T !( "= ;C < := *K= EG( g= BCT( := 2L Ki ( S= C &C qC C% .MC K- GK := g( 4( C
.V
T(2C K L %( < MC C ? "= C = L 5=CD ۖ := K = G( = -C 5=CD .MC KD( C
(1) Oath is available but its !";<:$-KG (the pronouncement on which this oath is presented as an evidence) is omitted
due to its perceptibility. Determine it yourself by pondering into the next verses. (2) It is ! qS1G, it means: “Should
we stop sending this reminder to you due to avoiding you because you are a nation transgressing its limits?” (3) This
£ is q. which is describing the state of the person who receive news of having a daughter.
Adherers MC SL2$
( = $
= GK Ornaments ( ";
( Adornment, gold,
luxury

K>KF

;C 1 .P( 0(= " !K E5{(DC J(5 kC DC (U UN( .MC KK1= * EG( 1 ¥ T J(E5N( !( G( S= %C !( "(TBC( :K "(g T=N( qC C% z N(
qb SK4 :K gK Q E 2 := gK Q T ( CK g K 1= EG ' T .MC SK1( = 0 := K U;1 C !( (-( < J(D n "%( T n (;C
.MC KD( C !( T( E5N( a
= ( Cg SLC% :K gK Q EC .V a (GK
PK = 5 ۚ h T4 = 4 MC SK$ ( - 0 := gK &C .:H "(< 3 P( "= 0= -C P G( 'H K 4 ;C < ML =-L Cg qC F5K CS= C SLC%
x1= T := K K 1= T C 7 ( E"( 8H 4 O / H 1= T @
S= DC := K 1= T 1= DC 4 ۚ "5= 3( "
J(D := K #
"(1G := K "= T = $
%C
K L 2 0 P= ( ; 1 ,
C 3n ( n EG&L ~ K E MC SL20 M C& CS= C .MC SK1 , = 0 EG( a "= > h
T4 K = 4 ۗ 0( 7 = K
.MC SLi2( E0 "= ;C < x4K K xT ST=&C := ( *(SK"K( .MC K 0 "= ;C < 4( 1G H ED( P= G( n-L K := ( *(SK"K( P( = E(T
.V
-( EK ; ( h
T4 = <( 3L >( ۚ "5= 3( "
K G EC h (zC ' L M N( ۚ nDK >= +K
'( "(E$ P( < 4 := K 5K "C := K E5N( .Pa 0(%C !K C S K DC x5Ck"= R !K C / = "-C 5K P( = E ( z( P= < u K 1= 0 P= G
.PK 0(-C d i (DC 5 P( "= %C ( #
= 1= TK h
"= T J("= T "= C 0 qC C% 5Q CzN( E .MC K= GK := K E5&C MC SK$ = 0
J = 1K (= * = &C E: 9K ( $ = *K 5=BCDC &C .MC SL( # = GK _ ( C1 J(D := 2L E5&C := K= ;C C z N( S= " :K 2L 1 C = 0 P= C
E5{(DC := gK 5= < (U h E0( 5K = &C .MC SK-( = GK := K = G( E5{(DC h
T( EPg 5 EG{(DC HV(GK qH C;t J(D MC C P= G
.MC K4( - GK := ( "= ;C <
S= ۖ h
G( S= -C ( h C a ( C !K E5N( .:H "(-$
= GK ¦ H W ( ;C < h E5N( ۖ h "= CN( J ( L& (U(T h = $( = = CD
CMK1= 0K n ( P( = E M( KO P= G( ; 1 &C ;( K 4K P= G( h;( = %C P= G( 6 ; 4= &C P= G q BC= .MC SLBC$= *K
*(0(T := gK Q E;C DC .V ( C1 _4 qL SK4 J5N( qC C-DC !( i(;C G MC S= < = D( CN( *(0(T SKG ; 4= &C = -C C
:= K U;1 C _
( C1 (T := gK 5 > &C ۖ (>= &L P= G( K &C J g( UN( H 0 P= G( 7 := ( 0(5K G .MC SL2 = 0 = G( := gK CzN(
:K K = < #
C E;C DC .MC K= K C E5N( = <( ( < T( h ET4 C K O= K ( E$ ! 0&C 0 SLC% .MC SK1( = 0
.MC SL)2L = 0 := gK CzN( 8 _ C1
(1) Here 4 G is used as an adjective. The use indicates magnificence of that attribute. (2) A phrase is omitted due
to its perceptibility i.e. “A long time passed and they deviated from the truth.” (3) Makkah & Taif. Two great cities
of Arabian civilization. (4) “Satan” in previous words is singular but it indicates the entire generations of Satans. (5)
Two extreme directions of earth. (6) It is an eloquent expression. Ask previous prophets i.e. look at their scriptures.
(7) A M & ¬%5 '1D is omitted. (8) It indicates a series of punishments to the Pharaoh & his followers.
They breached the contract MC SL)2L = 0 We assign /

= "-C 5K Master, boss, employer 0( 7
= K

C;DC &C ۖ J(= * P= G( (, = * 4K 5=BC p( ( g = G( h K ; GK J( d "= C&C ( S= %C 0 qC C% !( G( S= %C J(D ML S= < =D( O 5
= &C I H g zC P= G( 3b 4 S( = &C !( "= ;C < J -( &L C=S;C DC .V
K (0K OK C20 C V a ( G S gK (U Cg P= G( a "= > 5&C = &C CMK( = *K
5SL E;C DC .V -( ( CD xGS= %C SK5C := K E5N( ۚ pK SK<CABCDC !K G S= %C 1 E?7 = CD V5(( - GK L 2C (C; !K 1 G Q
.P 0(>( ;( n;)CG n;C := gK ; 1 ,
DC .V 1( = &C := gK % BCDC := K = G( = -C 5=
h C pK SKT t G ۚ SgK = &C 2 a "= > K (C& SLC% .MC ( 0 !K = G( h GK S= %C CzN( n;)CG : 0= G PK T= _( t K EC
y #5 S= C .'C "( = N( J(( ;n )CG pK ; 1 !( "= ;C < = 1 5=&C a = < UN( S gK M N( .MC SK( > a S= %C := gK ' T ۚ n UN(
¦
b W( Cg ۚ M( S1K (E* T( UMK = * C;DC ( < E$;( :a ; 1( C !K E5N( .MC SL;L 7 = 0 } ( 4= BC J(D n 2C (C;G := 2L = G( ;1 ,
C
.V a (GK ¡K < := 2L C !K E5N( ۖ ML Ck"= E# :K 2L E5EK 0 C .:a "(-$ = GK
SL-E*CD ۖ !( "(D MC SL;( 7
= * (U / 1= T := 2L C P "TBL( ( 2
( (T := 2L Ki ( = %C qC C% 8
( "(T $
"(< Q EC
P= G( _K F = BC ? ;C >= CD .:a "(-$
= GK ¦b W ( Cg ۚ pK KK<= CD := 2L T4 JT4 S gK ! U; UMN( .M( SK1"(A&C ! U;
.:H "(&C H S= 0 _( C< P= G( SK;C C P 0(U;( 'b 0= S DC ۖ := ( ("= T
UN( ¡K < / H 1= ( := K K 1= T H i(G S= 0 y U;>( BC CMK1K =#0 C := gK n = T := K "*(B * M &C C < E$ UN( MC KL = 0 ' g
.V ( ;( $
= GK SK5C *(0(T SKG P 0(U .3 MC SK5F = * := K5=&C C S= " :K 2L "= ;C <
a S= > C O( <( 0 .V -( EK

G "(D ۖ _ H S &C I H g zC P= G(
H ( T( := ( "= ;C <
K Ck0K .MC K = *K := 2L K += &C := K5=&C C E, SL;>K O=
.MC SL; 1= * := K= L T( gSKK4( L& J(U L E, h
; *( .MC K(> "(D := K5=&C ۖ PK "K<= BC ;C * d K L 5=BC !( "(#= *
.MC SL;L B * = G( 3b
)(C b ( CD "(D := 2L C
(1) It means: “He made his nation a fool by instigating them.” (2) The pagans of Arabia compared their assumed
gods i.e. angels with Prophet Jesus $ 3S; !";<. They said that on one side, Prophet Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W
refute their gods, on the other side, he talks about Jesus who is also considered a god by the Christian. (3) This world
has two type of grieves: regret about past and fear of future. The Paradise will be free from both of them.
Worth Reading!
How to get rid of poverty? Is there any shortcut available?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0004-Poverty.htm
You’ll be delighted MC K

= *K Friends, plural of '";> y U;>( BC Bracelets 3b 4 S( = &C

P= 2( C := gK = ;C C G .MC SK$;( = GK !( "(D := gK := K = < K EC 0K C .MC K(> : E _
( C< J(D V G( ( ,
= K UMN(
.V
( (U :K gK SK5C
; ( := L )C &C EP2( C (T := L i( = -C C .MC SL)( G := 2L E5N( qC C% ۖ h
T4 "= ;C < /
( - "( h
K (G 0 =O 5
;L K 4K ;C T ۚ =:gK S, = 5 := gK E( 9K $ = 5 C E5&C MC SK$= 0 = &C CMSKG( = GK E5{(DC xG= &C SKG T=&C = &C .MC SKg4( C
.MC SKK2 0 := ( 0= C
E< w
( = 1 _4 }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ _4 MC = K .P 0(T(1 qL E&C 5BCDC a C P( = E;( MC C M N( ' %L
.MC SL( 0
J(D !a CN( ( E$ J(D (U S gK .MC K< SK0 (U :K K G S= 0 SL%C;0K E SK1 ; 0 SKtSK70 := gK 4= C DC
pK = <( K "= T G }
( 4= BC 8
( E$ h
K ; GK !K C (U 4 * .:K "(;1 :K "(2 S gK ۚ !a CN( } ( 4= BC
.MC SK1 = *K !( "= CN( ( < E$ :K ; <(
P= G := K BC P= i(C .MC SK;C 1= 0 := gK (T ( R P= G UN( C < CE# !( 5(KO P= G( MC SK<= 0 P 0(U hK ;( = 0 C
' %L := K = < `
= C W
= CD .MC SKG( = 0K C a S= %C ( CK g UMN( _4 0 !( (;"(% 1 CMSL2DC = 0K E5BCDC ۖ !K U; EPLSL-"C := K -C ;C >
.MC SK;C 1= 0
S= $
DC ۚ 2 a C;
(1) It is an expression of astonishment.
(2) This is in the meaning of “Good bye”. Its example is in Surat-ul-Furqan: G S% MS;gº :A> zN.
There is a hidden threat in these words. It indicates the climax of Prophet’s :; !";< ^ ;W struggle just before his
migration from Makkah to Madina. It is Allah’s law to punish the direct addressees of a prophet after he comes out
of them. After one and a half year of Prophet’s migration, Allah’s punishment for Makkans appeared in the battle of
Badr when all of their main chiefs were killed. This punishment was extended to all pagans of Arabia who refused to
accept the Prophet. Details are available in Surat-ut-Taubah.
Worth Reading
How to conduct work for Islamic Da’wah? How a Da’wah
strategy should be developed? The article is in Urdu
language.
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0005-00-Dawat.htm

:" P= ^ :$T M>K 3L 4 SK

.:H "(2 H G= &C ' L @K 0K "(D .P 0(4( = GK EL E5N( ۚ H C 4 GK H ;C "= C J(D pK F 5=&C E5N( .1 V ( (K _( 2( .:
}
( 4= BC 8
( E$ _4 .:K "(;1 9K "(E$ S gK !K E5N( ۚ h T4 P= G( n = 4 .V ;( ( = GK EL E5N( ۚ 5( = <( P= G( xG= &C
J(D := gK ' T .V (EBC :K 2L (T _4 := 2L T4 ۖ K "(0K J(" = 0K S gK UN( ! CN( C .V (%( SKG := K= L M N( ۖ K "= T G
.MC SK1 ; 0 hR
_
C1 E< ?
= # ( ET4 .:a "(&C _ a C< Cg ۖ ~ E #= 0 .V H (GK MH >K T( y E$ J(*B * S= 0 I
= -( *4= CD
E5N( .Mb SK,
= G :a U;1 GK SLC% !K = < =SUS * E:L .V a (GK qb SK4 := gK Q = %C :K K C E5&C .MC SKG( = GK E5N(
.MC SK-( = GK E5N( = 2L C #
k u
K k( = 5 S= 0 .MC K(< := 2L E5N( ۚ n;"(;%C _
( C1 SLR( C
.Va G( &C qb SK4 := 2L C J5N( ۖ !( U; O <( EJCN( O&C M &C .¤a ( C qb SK4 := gK Q MC S= < = D( S= %C := K ;C = %C EDC = -C C
:= C M N( .M( SKK = * M &C := 2L T4 JT T( 8
K <K J5N( .VH (GK MH Ck; $
K T( := 2L "(* J5N( ۖ !( U; C;< SL;1= * C M &C
.M( SLF( <= CD J( SKG( = *K
a = K := K E5N( ۖ xSg= 4
= ( K *= .MC SK1EGK := 2L E5N( n;"= C (O1( T( ( = BCDC .MC SKG( ,= GK a S= %C ( CK g UM&C !K ET4 < DC
ۖh
(C C V( ( CD "(D SK5C H 1= 5 ¤H ( C H C-G H K4+K HMSK"<K 8 H E P= G( SL * := C .MC SL% = GK
J(T "= E,5 = -C C .P 0(C = GK SK5C G } K 4= BC y E$ :K ( "= ;C < = 2C T DC .P 0(> xGS= %C g4 = &C
:H ; <( ;C < := gK 5= >= ( -C C .V D( ( $
= K P G( x"(< MC C !K E5N( ۚ MC S= < = D( P= G( .V
( ( K _
( C1 P G( 'C "( = N(
.V
a (GK ¥ C;T !( "(D G 8 ( 0 P G( := gK "= * .V ( C1 C;<
.V
%( O( W := K= L M N( (T(T SK*B DC .P 0(# = K T( PK = 5 G CLB K*S= G UN( J g( M N( .MC SLSL-"C ( CK g UMN(
8
( E$ - ;C > G .V G( ( ,
= GK SK5C := K E5N( ۖ := gK 2 ;C g= &C ۚ =:( ;( = %C P= G( P 0(U 2 9H E*K K S= %C = &C a "= > := gK &C
.MC SK;C 1= 0 C := gK )C &C EP2( C
(T UN( gK - ;C > G .V (<( C K "= T G } 4= BC
(1) The !";<
:$-G is omitted. Determine it yourself by pondering into the next verses. (2) They were the kings of
Yemen who established a great kingdom during 115BC to 575AD. Their kings were called 9 H E*K.
Farm houses
H K4+K Amble, uncontrolled xSg= 4 So leave me alone, it is
J(5SF<D. is deleted M( SLF( <= CD

: ( 4 P= G UN( .MC K = 0K := gK C ni"= R nS= G P= < nS= G J(=0K C S= 0 .V 1( = &C := K *KC-"(G '( = C S= 0 UMN(
J( ; C .M( SLkK J(D J(;= 0 '( = K C .:( "(BC K 1AC .( S%EF 8 , R UMN( .:K "( E FK 0(F1 S gK !K E5N( ۚ !K U;
h E5N( @ = zL .:( "( _
( C< P= G( !( ( &4 @ S= DC SW K E:L .:( "(, ( S CN( pK SL;(<= CD pK L>K .:( "(
.MC K= * !( T( := K= L G Cg UMN( .¤K ( 2C FK 0(F1 5=&C
h
(C C .V ;( T(C-GK @ H = = N( ~
H K = K P= G( MC SK$;0 .MH SK"<K 8 H E J(D .V H G( &C H C-G J(D V
-( EK UMN(
ۖ CLB C *S= UN( 8
S= "(D MC SL%L0 C .V (G( H ( CD '2L T( "(D MC SK<= 0 .VH <( 4H SKT( := gK = E+
.:K "(1 +K S= C S gK h
(zC ۚ h
T4 P= G( n;= DC .:( "(, _
C< := gK C%
.MC SK-( *= GK := K E5N( I
= -( *4= CD .MC KUC 0 := K U;1 C h
5($;( T( pK 5= E$0 E5{(DC
Rule of the Day!

The word C is used to describe the sense of “near”. It is a synonym of
<. For example _
( C (near the door), ( (
C _
K SL;-L z N( (When
the hearts reached near the throat), h0 z G (What is with you?) etc.
Do you know?
It is Allah’s law that He punishes the unbelievers addressees of a prophet’s within this
world and rewards the believer addressees of such prophet within the same world. It
becomes a hard proof that He will do the same with all human beings in the Hereafter. The
punishment was implemented on a few unbeliever pagans of Makkah during the battle of
Badr. After that, Allah blessed the believers by making them the dominant super power of
the Earth. This verse is a prophecy for that. Within 10 years after revelation of this Surah,
entire Arabian Peninsula came under their rule and within next 10 years, they defeated the
two superpowers (Rome & Persia) of that time. God blessed them with an area stretching
from present-day Pakistan in the East to Morocco in the West. It is described in more detail
in Surat-ul-Fath.
Silk ~
H K = K It will boil J(;= 0 An infernal tree with
bitter fruits
( S%EF
Wait I
= -( *4= Then drag him pK SL;(<= CD Dregs of oil, sediments '( = K

:" P= ^ :$T "(, 3L 4 SK

J(D .V (G( = K ; ( 8
H 0C }
( 4= BC 8 ( E$ J(D UMN( .:( "(2 F( 0(F1 !( U; P G( _( 2( 'L 0(F= * .:
( E$ P G( !K U; qC F 5=&C G 4( E '( "= U;
( C;(>= .MC SK%( SK0 H S= -C ( 8 a 0 H ET O P= G( r K0 G := 2L -( ; >
gSL;= 5 !( U; 8
K 0 h ; *( .MC SL;-( 1= 0 H S= -C ( 8
a 0
( 0 ? ( 0(= * *(S= G 1= T } 4= BC !( T( " = BCDC @
H += 4( P= G(
.MC SKG( = 0K !( *(0 !( U; 1= T r
H 0( BC(DC ۖ (T h
"= ;C <
pK = #DC ۖ 1= $ = 0 := C M BCC x(2 $
= GK ( 0K E:L !( "= ;C < ;C = *K !( U; 8 ( 0 9K $ = 0 .:H "(&C H UD&C '2L ( 'b 0=
ۖ :K E := ( ( 4 P= G( .V a ( GK _a C< := K C h i(CL& ۚ xFK gK gC 7 E* ni"= R *(0 P= G( : ;( < CzN( .:H "(&C _
H C1 T(
xgK Cg .:a "(< _ a C< := K C ۖ Q "(= &C !( U; M( KO P= G( L7 E* G C ni"= R SK$ C G := K = < J(= 0K C
.:a "(&C FH = 4( P= G( _a C< := K C := ( T4 8( 0(T KC C P 0(U ۖ
.MC K2L #
= * := 2L U;1 C !( ;(
= DC P= G( SK= ( p( ( G= BCT( !( "D( h
K ; L
( ,
= (
= :K 2L C E7 (U !K U;
.MC KU2C 0 H S= -C ( 8
H 0C h
(zC J(D UMN( ۚ !K = G( x1"( } ( 4= BC J(D G 1 8 ( E$ J(D G := 2L C E7
'C ( < P= G .MC SK$
( 2 0 SK5C T( xGS= %C
F( ,
= "( !( U; E0&C MC SK= 0 C P 0(U;( K( = 0 SKG P 0(U;( ' %L
.MC SK1 = *K := 2L T4 CN( E:L ۖ "= ;C 1 DC Q &C P= G ۖ !( $
( ;( DC x(W
C;< := gK ; EDC 8 ( "Uk P G( := gK % + 4 3C ESK 2 : 2 K _ 2( 'C "( = N( J(T "= * = -C C
h
ET4 UMN( ۚ := K "= T x"= T :K ; 1( :K gK Q G ( 1= T P= G( UN( SL;C >= DC ۖ ( G= BC P G( 8
H "T := gK "= * .V ( C1
C 1= (E*CD ( G= BC P G( H 1 0(R ;C < ; 1 E:L .MC SL;( 7 = 0 !( "(D SK5C "(D ( G "-( S= 0 := K "= T J(- 0
.MC SK;C 1= 0 C P 0(U Q Sg= &C 9= (E*
Cg .V
-( EK J( !K U; ۖ /
H 1= T y "(= &C := K
K 1= T V
( (U UMN( ۚ ni"= R !( U; P G( h = < SK= 0K P= C := K E5N(
.MC SK%( SK0 H S= -C ( b = 4 xgK ~
( E;( K ( T
(1) It indicates that there are objects in space and air which are serving human beings. Service of the sun to humanity
is very obvious for people of all ages. The service of clouds and air is also very obvious. It indicates that God has
specifically designed this earth for dwelling of human beings.
(2) It is an indication to the Islamic State founded by the Prophet Moses and his Caliphs Joshua & Caleb. That state
reached at its apogee during the age of Prophet David & Solomon $ 3S; :";<.

:= gK "
= G S 8
( (E SL;( < SKG P0(UC := K ;C 1 ,
= 5 M &C 8
( Ci"E$ SK = P 0(U I $ ( = &C
T( d H 5 ' L F ,
= K(
(T } 4= BC 8
( E$ !K U; ;C > .MC SK2L = 0 G Q ۚ := K *KG
.MC SK;C 0K C := gK
= $ C
p( ( T ;C < 'C 1 !( (; %C !( 1( = ;C < : > H:; <( ;C < !K U; !K U;t
&C pK Sg !K CN( C 7 E* P( G 0=&C DC &C
.MC KUC * C;DC &C ۚ !( U; ( 1= T P= G( !( 0(= 0 P= DC 3n #(
:= gK M N( ۖ :H ; <( P= G( h
(C T( := K C G ۚ K g= E UN( 2L ;( = 0K G "
= 5 8
K SK5 "5= *K" UN( J g( G SLC%
:= K= L M N( (T(T SK SLC% M &C UN( := K E, K MC C G 8 H "T *K0 := ( "= ;C < ;C =*K CzN( .MC SL 0 UN(
.V
%( O( W
.MC SK;C 1= 0 C ~ ( E )C &C EP2( C !( "(D I 0=4 C ( G "-( ( S= 0 CN( := 2L 1K ,
= 0 E:L := 2L K"(0K E:L := 2L "(" = 0K K!U; '( %L
ۚ n "( H EG&L U'L * .MC SL;k( = K K $ 7 = 0 H i(G S= 0 L < E$ K SL-* S= 0 ۚ } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$ h K ; GK !( U;(
EL E5N( ۚ (T := 2L "= ;C < K k( = 0 TK( Cg .MC SL; 1= * := K= L G MC = F , = *K S= " T(( CN( < = *K H EG&L ' L
.MC SL; 1= * := K= L G
K$ ( = $
= 5
EG&C .V
K (K +K S= C S gK h (zC ۚ !( ( = 4 J(D := K T4 := K ;L >( = "KDC 8 ( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U EGBCDC
.V
G( ( ,
= GK xGS= %C := K= L := *K= 2 = DC := 2L "= ;C < ;C = *K J(*0 P= 2L * := ;C DC &C KC C P 0(U
G C UN( PL 5 M N( L < E$ G (4= 5 G := K; %L "(D I 0=4 C L < E$ ¡ !( U; <= UMN( 'C "(% CzN(
S= " 'C "(% .MC SLF( = $ = 0 !( T( SK5C G := ( T( @ SL;( < G 8 K Ci" := K C T .V (-( "= $
= K T( PK
= 5
:= *K 7 E* :K 2L E5BCT( := 2L (zC .P 0(W ( 5 P= G( := 2L C G 4K E :K L B G Cg := 2L G( S= 0 Q C-( := K"($5 C := L $= 5
.MC SK1= $
= 0K := gK C = G( 1 MC SK 7= 0K C S= "CD ۚ "5= 3L "
:K 2L *=EC xFK gK !( U; (80
ۖ}
( 4= BC 8
( E$ J(D y 0( = 2( !K C .V
( C1 _4 }
( 4= BC _4 8
( E$ _4 K = !( U;;( DC
.:K "(2
FK 0(F1 S gK
(1) This is an example of 8 . The pagans were addressed but suddenly the direction of communication is
changed to describe that the punishment is going to arrive.
We record
K$( = $
= 5 Kneeled down like slaves n "( Time, age K g= E

:" P= ^ :$T

- j 3L 4 SK

(T UN( K "= T G }
4= BC 8
( E$ - ;C > G .:( "(2 F( 0(F1 !( U; P G( _
( 2( 'L 0(F= * .:
.MC SKt( 1= GK K4( 5=&L E< KC C P 0(U ۚ $ GK 'H &C
ۖ (8 E$ J(D a = R( := K C = &C }( 4= BC P G( SL-;C > zC G J(5K4&C !( U; M( KO P= G( MC SK<= * G := K0=&C4 &C ' %L
M( KO P= G( SK<= 0 P= EG( ' t
&C P= G .V
%( O( W := K= L M N( :H ; <( P= G( 3H 4 C&C = &C Cg '( = %C P= G( _ H 2( T( J(5SK
:= K C SK5C ~
K E #
( K CzN( .MC SL;D( C := ( (<OK P= < := gK ( G "-( ( S= 0 CN( !K C I
K "(,$ = 0 C P= G !( U;
.P 0(D( C := ( *(O 1( T( SK5C <= &C
MC SLSL-0 = &C .Va (GK a = ( Cg := gK Q EC ; ( KCC P 0(U qC C% 8 H "T *K0 := ( "= ;C < ;C =*K CzN(
x"(R !( T( C C ۖ !( "(D MC SK"(*K T( :K ;C <= &C S gK ۖ ni"= R !( U; P G( J( MC SL2;( = * C;DC !K K0= D M( N( ' %L ۖ pK D
.:K "( E 4K SL S gK ۖ := 2L "= T J("= T
UN( 5&C G EJCN( SK0 G UN( 9K (E*C& M N( ۖ := 2L T( C J(T 'L 1 0K G (4O= &C G '( K P G( x<= T(
K = L G ' %L
.V
a (GK a 0(5
P G CD !( ;( ) G( ;C < 'C "( = N( J(T P= G( 2 a g( R ( R 1 !( T( := *K= C C !( U; ( = <( P= G( MC C M N( := K=0&C4 &C ' %L
.V ( (U S= -C (= 0 C ! U; UMN( ۖ := *K= 2 =
Cg MC SLSL-"$ DC !( T( K= 0 := C z N( ۚ !( "= CN( 5SL- G x"= > MC C S= C SKG P 0(U;( KC C P 0(U qC C%
P 0(U 4 ( = "K( "(T< x5$( @ a GK _ a ( Cg ۚ n = 4 xGGN( SKG _ K ( !( ;( = %C P= G( .¤a ( %C h
a D N(
.V
($( = K ; ( # = TK SK;C C
( E,
_
K W
= &C h
i(CL& .MC SK5F
= 0 := gK C := ( "= ;C <
a S= > ;C DC SKGC-= E:L !K U; T4 SLC% P 0(U UMN(

.MC SL; 1= 0 SK5C T( F "(D P 0((>
(1) The ¦R _ S is omitted due to the reason that what they deny is so fierce that they can’t bear it. (2) It
indicates the call of Prophet Jesus $ 3S; !";< who leveled the ground for Prophet Muhammad :; !";< ^ ;W and
gave prophecies about him.

ۚ x= R MC SLC;C !K L D( !K ;L = ۖ xg= L !K = 1 t

xg= L !K G&L !K = ;C ۖ x5$ = N( !( 0= ( ST( MC $5={( "= EW
;C < EJ;C < = 1 5=&C J(U h 1= 5( 2L R= &C M &C J(<= +( = &C _4 qC C% n V 1( T4= &C eC ;C T pK ERK &C eC ;C T CzN( E
.V ( ;( $
= K P G( J5N( h "= CN( K = *K J5N( ۖ J(E04zL J(D J( ` = ;( W
= &C pK t= * x(W 'C <= &C M &C E (
<= ۖ ( E, _ ( W = &C J(D := ( *(Ci" P= < +K ,5 SL;( < G P $ = &C := K = < 'L E-C 5 P 0(U h i(CL&
.MC K< SK0 SK5C (U @ ( =
M( C)"($= 0 gK J(;= %C P= G( ML K-L ( C;> = %C >= &L M &C J(5( 1( *&C 2L C
&L !( 0= ( S( qC C% 1 (U
:K ( "= ;C < E P 0(U h i(CL& .V (EBC
K A( &C UN( Cg G qL SL-"DC ¡ !( U; <= UMN( P= G( 2 h ;C 0= ! U;
EG( 8 a 4 O ¯'2L ( .P 0(( > SK5C := K E5N( ۖ d ( 5={( P, ( P G( := ( ;( = %C P= G( = ;C > = %C :H G &L J(D qL S= -C
:= 2L *("AC := K= g z &C 4( E C;< KC C P 0(U } K 1= 0K S= 0 .MC SK;C 0K C := gK := K C<= &C := K "DS "K( ۖ SL;( <
} ( 4= BC J(D MC K(2 $ = * := K= L T( M( SK _ C< MC = F , = *K S= "CD T( := K1= = = "5= :K 2L *(" J(D
.MC SL-$ K * := K= L T( ( "= T(
UN( KK1= * U&C !( ( ; > P= G( !( 0= 0 P( "= T P= G( 4K L
( ;C > = %C 3
( C- = BC(T !K G S= %C 4 C 5=&C z N( OH < >&C = L z
.:H "(< H S= 0 _
C< := 2L "= ;C <
K >&C J5N( ! U;
V%( O( E P G(
= L M N( 5K 1( * T( *(B DC ( ( P= < 2C D( B ( i( &C SLC%
.MC SL; ,
= * xGS= %C := L 4&C J2( C !( T(
K ; (4= &L G := 2L K ;T&L !( U; = <( :K ; 1( E5N( qC C%
(1) This is an allegory. It is not essential that a person with the same attributes is under consideration. A character is
described to make a base of thinking.
(2) This word is normally used to express anger and hatred. On the contrary, it is also used to express love and
affection. Various examples are available in Arabic poetry. (3) It is a great desert in South East Arabia called 9 K TK4
J(7 (the empty quarter). An archeological site has been discovered in Oman.
So that you deviate us 2C D( B ( Both of them cry for

help
M( C)"($
= 0 Woe on both of you 2L C
&L
Dunes, sand hills
( C- = BC Do you threaten me? J(5( 1( *&C

"(D ` a 0(4 ۖ !( T( := K; ,

1= = G S gK ' T ۚ 5K k( = GK }
a 4( < Cg SLC% := ( (0O( = &C 'C (- $
= GK xt4( < pK = &C4 E;C DC
S= -C (F, = 5 h (C C ۚ := K K( $G UN( 0K C SKW = BCDC T4 ( G= BCT( H J= R U'L K G *K .:a "(&C _ a C<
.V
G( ( , = K
C := K 1K = := K = < &C DC 3n i(D &C x4 T=&C x1= := K C ; 1 !( "(D := L EU2G M N( "(D := gK EU2G = -C C
.MC SLF( = $= 0 !( T( SK5C G := ( T( @ !( U; 8 ( 0(T MC K , = 0 SK5C z N( H J= R P= G( := K *K i(D &C C := gK 4K T=&C
L7
E* P 0(U :K gK 5 CS= ;C DC .MC SK1( = 0 := K U;1 C 8
( 0 D EW
-L P G( := 2L CS= G 2 ;C =g&C = -C C
.MC K 0 SK5C G := K 2L D N( h (zC ۚ := K = < S;t
' T ۖ n ( x5T= %L !( U; M( KO P= G(
=SU J
( %L E;C DC ۖ SK( 5=&C SLC% pK K
E;C DC MC =-L MC SK1( $
= 0 1 P,
( P G( xC 5 h
"= CN( D W
z N(
.P 0(4( = GK := ( G( S= %C CN(
CN( CN( (= 0 !( 0= 0 P "= T ( n% GK SKG ( 1= T P= G( qC F( 5=&L xT( 1= ( E5N( G S= %C 0 SLC%
_
H C< P= G( := L = , ( 0K := 2L T(SK5zL P= G( := 2L C = ( = 0 !( T( SKG( !( U; J <( O SK"(&C G S= %C 0 .:H "(-$
= GK H 0(AC
J(D h i(CL& ۚ y "(= &C !( 5(KO P= G( !K C d
"= C }( 4= BC J(D FH , ( 1= K T( d
"= ;C DC !( U; J <( O I
= ,( 0K C P= G .:H "(&C
.VH (GK qH C;t

*S= J "(
= 0K M &C ;C < 4H O( C-T( EP( -( ; 7
T( J 1= 0 := C }
4= BC 8
( E$ ;C > (U ! U; UM&C = 0 := C &C
;C T SLC% ۖ (T Cg d "= C&C 4( E C;< KC C P 0(U } K 1= 0K S= 0 .a 0(%C H J= R 'L ;C < !K E5N( ;C T ۚ
.MC KL 2 * := K= L T( _ C1 SL%LDC qC C% ۚ T4
SL); 0 := C MC K< SK0 G MC = 0 S= 0 := KE5BCC ۚ := K C ' ,
( 1= $
= * C '( K P G( ( F= 1 SLL& W C = (W = CD
.MC SL-( C K S= -C UN( h
K ;C = 0K ' DC ۚ ²
b C;T ۚ 4H 5 P= G( n < UN(
(1) It is an indication to a specific incident. The Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W recited the Quran while returning back from
Taif. A group of Jinn were passing by. They heard the Quran and became impressed by its message and informed
their people about it.
Their valleys := ( (0O( = &C Cloud, incident }

a 4( <

:" P= ^ :$T E

GK 3L 4 SK
T( SKG 8( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U .:= K C <= &C U't &C !( U; '( "( P= < W KC C P 0(U
KC C P 0(U UMBCT( h (zC .:= K CT `
;C W
= &C := ( *(Ci" := K = < UC ۙ := ( T4 P= G(
S gK H E
GK ;C < qC FK5
.:= K CC)G= &C ~
( E;( !K U; _ K (
= 0 h (C C ۚ := ( T4 P= G( E SK1E* SKG P 0(U UM&C 'C A( SK1E*
EGN( K 1= T G EG{(DC @ CS # K DC := gK SKK= 7 &C CzN( E _ ( C% _ = DC KC C P 0(U :K K"(-C Cz{(DC
ۗ/H 1= T( := 2L 1= T S ;L = "( P= 2( C := K = G( 5=C !K U; y #0 S= C h
(zC ۚ g4 += &C _K = 9
* E D(
DC E< C E,
:K K ;L >( = 0K .:= K CT ` K ;( = 0K := ( 0(= " .:= K C<= &C U' ( 0K P= ;C DC !( U; '( "( J(D SL;(%L P 0(U
.:= K C
U't &C := K C x$1= DC KC C P 0(U .:= 2L G % &C = )C0K := L = K = 0 ! U; KK = * M N( SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
? "= C KL = "DC }
( 4= BC J(D K$ ( 0 := ;C DC C& .:= K C<= &C
C = BCDC !K U; qC F 5=&C G SKg( C := K E5BCT( h (zC .:= K C<= &C
P 0(U CS= G ! U; UMBCT( h (zC .LC)G= &C P 0(D( C2; ( ۖ := ( "= ;C < !K U; EGO ۚ =:( ;( = %C P= G( P 0(U L %( < MC C
.:= K C CS= G C P 0(D( C2 UM&C SKG
KC C P 0(U ۖ 4K 5=BC ( = * P= G( (, = * 8 H E 8
( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U 'L >( = 0K ! U; UMN(
h (0= %C P= G( 3n ES%L R &C J g( H 0= %C P= G( =P0BCC .:= K C xS) G 4K E K 15=BC 'L L B * C MC SL;L B 0 MC SK1E 0
!( ;( < y SK !K C P 0+K P= C !( T4 P= G( H "T ;C < MC C P= DC &C .:= K C W
( 5 C;DC := gK 2 ;C g= &C h
= >= &C J(U
=:gK Q Sg= &C SK1E*
!K K 1= AC = E" 0 := C PH C P= G( 4a 5=&C 1 PH ( ( "= C H G P= G( 4a 5=&C "(D ۖ MC SL-EK <( K J(U ( E, 'L )CG
P= G( 3b ( = G 8 ( U) 'L P= G( "(D := K C ۖ ¢ GK 'H $ < P= G( 4a 5=&C V
T(4( E#;( 3H UC H = > P= G( a45=&C
.:= gK Q 1G= &C 9 Uk-C DC x"( G SL-K 4( E J(D a (> S gK P= C ۖ := ( T4
(1) It indicates the flow of water in the Paradise i.e. rivers of water which is not stagnant.
Misfortune, suffering x$1= * Hardly, tightly @

CS You hit & kill them forcefully := gK SKK= 7
&C

h
i(CL& ۚ n 5( qC C% CzG : ; 1( SK*L& P 0(U;( SLC% ( = <( P= G( SK > CzN( E h "= CN( 9K ( $ = 0 P= G := K = G(
' DC .:= gK S- * := gK * xgK := gK O + = g= P0(U .:= gK Q Sg= &C SK1E* := ( T(SL;%L ;C < !K U; 9 CA P 0(U
!K E5&C := ;C <= CD =:gK z( := K *=Q CzN( := K C E5BCDC ۚ AL R= &C Q = -C DC ۖ n = T := K "*(B * M &C C < E$ UN( MC KL = 0
.:= L S) G := 2L U;-C GK :K ;C 1= 0 !K U; ۗ 8
( G( = K V
(G( = K ; ( h
(5=C ( = ( = = !K U; UN( ! CN( C
P 0(U
0=&C4 ۙ qL -( "(D ( zL b 2C
= GK 3b 4 SK = C(F5=&L Cz{(DC ۖ 3b 4 SK = CF5K CS= C SKG P 0(U qL SL-0
ۚ
a K1= G qb S= %C b < CA .:= K C C= BCDC ۖ 8( S= P G( !( "= ;C < J# ( = C 5 h

"= CN( MC KL = 0 }
a G := (T(SL;%L J(D
.:= K C x"= > MC C2C ! U; SL% W S= ;C DC K G= BC F < Cz{(DC
!K U; :K K 1 C P 0(U h i(CL& =:2L G 4= &C SK1k-C *K } ( 4= BC J(D K$ ( *K M &C := K"= US * M N( := K="$
< ' DC
;C < *4= P 0(U UMN( LC% &C _ H SL;%L ;C < = &C MC =-L MC KET0 C;DC &C .:= gK 4 T=&C <= &C := K EW BCDC
P 0(U;( SLC% := K E5BCT( h (zC .:= K C ;C G= &C := K C qC ES ML Ck"= E# ۙ K :K K C P E"* G ( 1= T P= G( := g( 4( TO= &C
L 2C (C; :K K = UDS * CzN( ?
"= 2C DC .:= gK 4 = N( :K ;C 1= 0 !K U; ۖ ( G= BC /
( 1= T J(D := 2L 1K "(kK !K U; qC EF5 G SKg( C
.:= K C<= &C C = BCDC !K 5 St= 4( SKg( C ! U; C7 = &C G SK1E* :K K E5CBT( h (zC .:= gK 4 TO= &C := K g SKK MC SKT(
= 0
:= K D 1 ;C DC := K C 0=4 BCC y #5 S= C =:K 5t= &C !K U;
( 7= 0K P= C M &C } a G := ( T(SL;%L J(D P 0(U I $ ( = &C
P 0(g( ,K 2 : ;C 1= 5 E := 2L E5S ;L = C .:= 2L C<= &C :K ;C 1= 0 !K U; ۚ q( S= -C 1 P(
= C J(D := K EDC ( 1= C ۚ := gK "($T(
P= G( qC SKE S%R !( U; '( "( P= < W KC C P 0(U UMN( .:= L 4 >= &C S ;L = 5 P 0(T(E := 2L = G(
.:= K C<= &C
L (
= "K ni"= R ! U; K 0 P= C K :K K C P E"* G ( 1= T
(1) It indicates their slyly and artful style of adherence in hypocritical way.
(2) :;< is in the meaning of ‘testing’ i.e. “We’ll test you to identify the strugglers and steadfast among you.”
Worth Reading
What is ostentation and what is its impact on the personality of a person? What will be the impact
of ostentation on the Deeds Account of a person in the real life i.e. Hereafter? Read in English.
Their resentment, rancor := K 5t

= &C He created false hopes
for them
:= K C ;C G= &C Your activities := 2L U;-C GK
We’ll definitely test you := 2L E5S ;L = C He instigated,
seduced
qC ES

W KC C P 0(U UMN( .:= 2L C<= &C SL;k( = *K C qC SKE SK1"(A&C ! U; SK1"(A&C SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
:K K5=&C :( ; E$ CN( SK<= * SK( * C;CD .:= K C !K U; ( = 0 P= ;C DC 4a UL := gK SK*G E:L !( U; '( "( P= <
SL-E* SKG( = *K M N( ۚ Sa = C I
a 1( C "5= 3L " E5N( .:= 2L C<= &C := L (0 P= C := 2L 1 G !K U; 1MC S= ;C <= BC
.:= 2L 5t
= &C
= ( 7
= 0K SL;7 = * := 2L (
= "KDC gSK2L BC$
= 0 M N( .:= 2L C SG= &C := 2L BC$
= 0 C := L 4 SK&L := 2L *(= 0K
ۚ !( $
( 5 P= < 'L 7
= 0 E5{(DC ' 7 = 0 P= G ۖ 'L 7
= 0 P= G := 2L = ( DC !( U; '( "( J(D SL-( = K( MC S= < = *K ( CK g := K5=&C g
.:= 2L CC)G= &C SK5SL20 C E:L := L "= C xGS= %C q ( = $ = 0 =SUS * M N( ۚ y -C L :K K5=&C J( !K U;
:" P= ^ :$T `C 3L 4 SK

h
0( = 0 h
"= ;C < !K 1= 5( E:(0K E>BC* G 2 h
(5=zC P= G( E-C * G !K U; h
C ( = "( .x"(GK x= DC h
C
= DC E5N(
. xF0(F< x= 5 !K U; K = 0 .x"(-$ = GK nA W (
8( E$ OK SKK !( U;( ۗ := ( 5(µN( 9 G x50=N( KO OF= "( V (G( = K _
( SL;%L J(D C "(2E$ qC F 5=&C (U S gK
4K 5=BC (
= * P= G( (,
= * 8
H E 8 ( G( = K V
(G( = K 'C >( = "K( .x"(2 x"(;< !K U; MC C ۚ } ( 4= BC
.x"(< x+S= DC !( U; = <( h (zC MC C ۚ := ( *(Ci" := K = < 2C 0K "(D P 0((>
3L ( O := ( "= ;C < ۚ ( S= E$ EPC !( U;(T V
5U 8
( C( # = K V
( ( #= K 8 ( C-D( K V -( D( K _ 1 0K
8( E$ OK SKK !( U;( . x"= ( G 8 = Q ۖ : E := K C E< &C := K 1 C := ( "= ;C < !K U; I
( C ۖ ( S= E$
.x"(2 xF0(F< !K U; MC C ۚ } ( 4= BC
(1) It is an indication to the worldly dominance for the followers of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W according to Allah’s
specific law for the direct audience of a prophet.
(2) The word I5z means ‘minor mistakes’. Prophets are free from sins. Minor mistakes of a prophet is just due to
his excessive inclination towards the truth. Here, the Prophet is addressed as the leader and spokesperson of the
Muslim community. Their mistakes are under discussion.
Worth Reading
Form of religious rituals is very important but their real spirit is more important. Read the details in:
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0017-Spirit.htm
So He will take full

from you
:= 2L (
= "KDC He will not do wrong with you := L (0 P= C Dominant MC S= ;C <= BC

3n 2 TK pK SK$ *K pK K%S *K pK K4F1 *K !( (SK4 !( U;(T SKG( = K( . x0(5 x#GK xg( R ; 4= &C E5N(
;C < r L 2L = 0 E5{(DC r
C 2C 5 P= DC ۚ := ( 0(0=&C @
S= DC !( U; K 0 ! U; MC SK10(0K E5N( h 5SK10(0K P 0(U UMN( .n;"(W&C
.x"(< x= &C !( "(*= "K$ DC ! U; !K "= ;C < g < T( DC = &C P= G ۖ !( $
( 5
d "= C G := ( ($( BCT( MC SLSL-0 ۚ C = ( = = CD 5SL;g= &C L SG= &C = ;C R _
( <= BC P G( MC SLU;7 K hC qL SL-"
!K U; MC C ' T ۚ x1 5 := 2L T( O 4&C = &C t := 2L T( O 4&C M N( ni"= R !( U; P G( := 2L C h K ;( = 0 P= DC ' %L ۚ := ( T(SL;%L J(D
J(D h (zC P 0+K xT&C := ( "(;g= &C CN( MC SKG( = K qL SKE I ;( -C = 0 P= C M &C := K= C ' T . x(> MC SL; 1= * T(
P 0(D( C2; ( 5= <= &C E5{(DC !( (SK4 !( U;(T P= G( = 0K := C P= G . 4x SKT xGS= %C := K= L ( S= E$ EPC := K= C := 2L T(SL;%L
x4SLC !K U; MC C ۚ y #0 P= G _ K 1 0K y #0 P= ( K ( = 0 ۚ } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$ h K ; GK !( U;( . x1(
SL0K M &C MC K0(0K ۖ := 2L 1= (E5 5K4zC gL>K B ( : 5(G CN( := K- ;C kC 5= CzN( MC SLU;7 K qL SL-" .x"( 4
MC SK-C 0 C SK5C ' T ۚ 5K$ K = * ' T MC SLSL-"$ DC ۖ 'L = %C P= G( !K U; qC C% := 2L (C C 5SK1(E* P= C ' %L ۚ !( U; C;C
.n;"(;%C UN(
SK1"(k*K M {(DC ۖ MC SK;( $= 0K = &C := K 5SL;*(C-*K H 0(R ~H B T J(L& H S= %C CN( MC S= < = K _ ( <= BC P G( V ( U;7
K ; ( ' %L
<= BC C;< d "= C .x"(&C xT C< := 2L T=1 0K 'L = %C P= G( := K"= US * C =SUS * M N( ۖ x$ x= &C !K U; :K 2L *(= 0K
8
H E !K ; >( = 0K !K CSK4 ! U; 9( k( 0K P= G ۗ a / ( 0( C;< C a ( <= BC C;< C a
.x"(&C xT C< !K T=1 0K UqS 0 P= G ۖ 4K 5=BC (
= * P= G( (, = *
C "(2E$ qC F 5=BCDC := ( T(SL;%L J(D G : ;( 1 CD 1 3( , E# = * h 5SK10(0K z N( V (G( = K P( < !K U; J t ( 4 = -C C
: 5(G !K U; :K L < .x"(2 xF0(F< !K U; MC C ۗ 5L>K B 0 3n )(C : 5(G .x0(%C x= DC := K TC&C := ( "= ;C <
:= 2L 0( = 0 V
(G( = K ; ( 3 n 0 MC SL2( := 2L = < ~
( E
( 0=&C E?C p( ( g := 2L C 'C E,1 DC 5L>K B * 2 3n )(C
. x0(%C H J= R 'L ;C < !K U; MC C ۚ T( !K U; ¦ C &C = %C "= ;C < K4( - * := C 4 >= &L .x"(-$ = GK nA W (
(1) The famous “Treaty of Hudaybiya” is under discussion. The companions gave an oath of allegiance to the
Prophet before that treaty. Allah declared this treaty as a great victory in the first verse. After this treaty, Islam
spread to entire Arabian Peninsula and within four years, all Arabs entered into Islam. (2) It is a prophecy for future
which proved true in the next year. Muslims got great war spoils in the battles of Khyber & Hunain. (3) It is an
indication of the battle of Khyber in which one of the greatest enemies of Islam were defeated. It happened one year
after the treaty of Hudaybiya. (4) The conquest of Makkah.
Wicked x4SKT You respect him pK K%S *K You adhere to him pK K4F1 *K

P= G(
= ;C > = %C J(U !( U; C EK . x( 5 C "( MC K, ( 0 C E:L 4 TO= BC KSUS C KC C P 0(U :K 2L ;C *C% S= C
P= G( C U2G 1 P( k T( := K = < := 2L 0( 0=&C := 2L = < := K 0( 0=&C E?C (U S gK .n;0(= * !( U; ( E$ K ( , ( * P= C ۖ 'L = %C
. x"= ( T MC SL; 1= * T( !K U; MC C ۚ := ( "= ;C < := L C &C M &C ( 1= T
qb 4( CS= C ۚ !K U; ( G eC ;L = 0 M &C 2 nDSL21= G = (
( ,($ = P( < := L W KC C P 0(U :K gK
J(D !K U; 'C >( = "K( ۖ :H ; <( ( "= T( 3b E1 G := K = G( := 2L "( KDC := gK SiLkC * M &C := gK SK;C 1= * := C 8
a G( = GK ¥ $5( MC SKG( = GK
J(D KC C P 0(U 'C 1 z N( .3 x"(&C xT C< := K = G( KC C P 0(U T=U1 C SL;E0F * S= C ۚ y #0 P= G !( ( = 4
C ;( C := K G F &C V
(G( = K C;< !( (SK4 ;C < !K "(2 !K U; qC F 5=BCDC ( E";( g( , C E"( C E"( K:( T(SL;%L
.x"(;< H J= R '2L T( !K U; MC C ۚ ;C g= &C T( E &C SK5C S - E
V
-( ;
GK V
(G( !K U; Q R M N( ,($ = EP;L >K = C ۖ (T 4 0£= !K CSK4 !K U; @ W
= -C C
(U S gK .x0(%C x = DC h
(zC M( KO P= G( 'C 1 , DC SK;C 1= * := C G : ;( 1 DC ۖ MC SLD7* C P 0( -C GK := 2L y4K
. x"(R !( U;(T C C ۚ !( ;L P( 0 ;C < pK ( "K( P( 0(O K (T !K CSK4 'C 4= &C
n;
= DC MC SK= 0 xE,K x1U4K := gK * ۖ := K "= T y 4K 4( U2L C;< y ER( &C !K 1 G P 0(U ۚ !( U; qL SK4 a E GK
J(D := K ;L )CG ۚ 3( 4S= E J(D := K ;L )CG h
(zC ۚ O( SK,$ ( C&C P= G( := ( g( SKK J(D := gK "( ۖ x5 St = 4( !( U; P G(
:K ( T( °
C "("( 5 E4F I K ,( 1= 0K !( %( SK ;C < S = CD ° C ;C = = CD pK 4 + CD pK BCk R
>= &C
H 4= F C '( "(,5={(
.x"(< x= &C 3n ( = G := K = G( 8
( (E SL;( < SKG P 0(U !K U; < ۗ 4 U2L
(1) The valley of Hudaybiya situated near Makkah. (2) It is a q indicating the seriousness of the pagan’s crime
that they stopped the animals of sacrifice to reach at their altar. Sacrificing animals near Ka’aba for God was an
established practice since Prophet Abraham $ 3S; !";< and stopping it was considered a great crime even by the
pagans. (3) It is the indication towards the great worldly punishment to the addressees of the Prophet :; !";< ^ ;W.
They were not punished because some of them reverted to Islam secretly and some of them were about to convert to
Islam. (4) The purpose of the journey to Makkah was to perform U’mrah. It was based on a dream of the Prophet.
Makkans stopped them to perform the pilgrimage. Negotiations resulted in the treaty of Hudaybiya which is declared
as “the great victory” in these verses. Next year, the Prophet & his companions performed the U’mrah and the
Prophet’s dream became true. (5) This allegory is available in the Gospel of Mathew, Chapter 13.
Zeal for one’s nation,

biasness
C E"( Unknowingly 3b E1 G Preventing nDSL21= G

:" P= ^ :$T 8

( ,
K
K 3L 4 SK
0&C 0 .:a "(;< 9a "( ! U; UMN( ۚ ! U; SL-E* ۖ !( (SK4 !( U; ( 0 P "= T SKG-C *K C SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
/
H 1= ( := 2L ( 1= T ( = ,
C q( S= -C (T !K C K ,
= * C 1 J(E 8 ( S= W @ S= DC := 2L * SW
= &C SK1DC = * C SKG P 0(U
P 0(U h i(CL& !( U; q( SK4 = <( := K * SW = &C MC SK 0 P 0(U UMN( .MC K1K # = * C := K5=&C := 2L L<= &C
C = * M&C
8
( , K K ( 4 P= G( h 5KO0K P 0(U UMN( .:a "(< a = &C 3b ( = G := K C ۚ S - E;( := K TSL;%L !K U; P G=
.:a "( 4 4a SLC !K U; ۚ := K C x"= > MC C2C := ( "= CN(
K 7
= * E KW := K E5&C S= C .MC SL;-( 1= 0 C := gK K )C &C
:= K; 1 DC G ;C < SK(= KDC H C, T( xGS= %C SK"( *K M &C SKE"DC 2 {HT( a ( CD := L Q M N( SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
I E ! U; EP2( C := (1 C ( G= BC P G( H )(C J(D := 2L 1K "(k0K S= C ۚ !( U; qC SK4 := 2L "(D UM&C SK;C <= .V G( O( 5
.MC KR( E :K gK h i(CL& ۚ MC "= 1( @ SK$L 2L :K 2L "= CN( p EC := 2L T(SL;%L J(D !K E0+ MC µ{( :K 2L "= CN(
:a "(2 :a "(;< !K U; ۚ n 1= 5( !( U; P G( n;
= DC
J(U SL;*(C-DC >= BL C;< gK = N( = T M {(DC ۖ K "= T SK;( W= BCDC SL;% V (G( = K P G( M( C (CA M N(
I ( 0K ! U; UMN( ۖ SLk$ ( % &C q( = 1 (T K "= T SK;( W = BCDC 8 = Q CD M {(DC ۚ !( U; ( G= &C CN( Q J(* E J(= *
.MC SK = *K := 2L U;1 C ! U; SL-E* ۚ := 2L 0=S > &C P "= T SK;( W
= BCDC 3b S >= N( MC SKG( = K E5N( .V
k( $ ( - K
(1) A specific incident is indicated. Some villagers came to Madina and shouted outside the chambers of the
Prophet’s home. They are reproached here.
(2) Some fake stories are available in the books of Tafsir about these verses. They should be ignored.
Worth Reading
What is the Quranic Concept of Human Life Cycle? Read the
details in: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PN/R0001-Life.htm

$ < 1 H $5( P= G( ¥ $5( C := K = G( x"= > SK5SL20 M &C $ < H S= %C P= G( a S= %C = 7
$ = 0 C SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
ۚ M( 0={( 1= T @
K SK$L :K = ( d
i T( ۖ _
( C-BC(T KFT* C := 2L $ L 5=&C KF( ; * C ۖ EPK = G( x"= > EP2L 0 M &C
.MC SK(U :K gK h i(CLBDC I = K0 := C P= G
:= 2L
K 1= T I
= = 0 C SK$E$, * C ۖ :a N( PU / 1= T UMN( PU P G( x"= )(C SK(= SKG P 0(U 0&C 0
.:a "( 4 _ a ES* ! U; UMN( ۚ ! U; SL-E* ۚ pK SKKg= ( 2C DC x"= G !( "(>&C :
= C 'C L B 0 M &C := L K &C I
( 0K&C ۚ x1= T
= <( := 2L G &C UMN( ۚ SLD4 1( 'C (%C 2 xTSK1RK := L ; 1 )C5=&L H C zC P= G( := L - ;C > E5N( ~
K E 0&C 0
.
a (> :a "(;< ! U; UMN( ۚ := L C-*=&C !( U;
M N( ۖ := 2L T(SL;%L J(D ML 0={( '( >K = 0 EC = ;C = &C SLSL% P= 2( C SKG( = *K := C ' %L ۖ EG 3 _ K <= BC ( CC%
SKG P 0(U MC SKG( = K E5N( .:a "( 4 4a SLC ! U; UMN( ۚ ni"= R := 2L (<= &C P= G( := 2L = ;( 0 C !K CSK4 ! U; SK1"(k*K
.MC SL%O( E :K gK h i(CL& ۚ !( U; '( "( J(D := ( $( L 5=&C := ( ( S G= BCT( Kg SKT*= 0 := C E:L !( (SK4 !( U;(T
.:a "(;< H J= R '2L T( !K U; ۚ (}4= BC J(D G 8 ( E$ JD( G :K ;C 1= 0 !K U; := 2L (0(T( ! U; MC SK;1 *K&C ' %L
M N( M( µ{(; ( := L g M &C := 2L "= ;C < PK 0 K!U; '( T ۖ := 2L G C;= N( EJ;C < SK * C ' %L ۖ SK;C = &C M &C h "= ;C < MC SK 0
.MC SL; 1= * T( a ( T !K U; ۚ } ( 4= BC 8 ( E$ I "= C :K ;C 1= 0 ! U; UMN( .V
%( O( W := K= L
(1) Pronouns for men include both men and women. In the Quran, generally instructions are given to both men and
women in the pronouns used for men. There are some places, where women were specifically instructed. It is in case
of those issues which are more common in women.
(2) The Arabs were scattered tribes who have been fighting against each other. Islam joined them into one nation.
This Surah has specifically targeted the practices of Arabs which instigate hatred. Muslims are not allowed to: be
proud of their clan; they should not disdain others; they should avoid bad nicknames; they should avoid spying on
others; they should avoid negative thinking about others; they should not backbite.
(3) This is an example of oN OS<. The uncivilized villagers were described at start of the Surah. Now they are
discussed again.
Worth Reading
What is the difference between an extremist and a moderate person? Which
approach is better: Extremism or Moderatism?
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0015-Extremist.htm
Don’t apprise as a favor SK * C Don’t backbite I

= = 0 C Don’t spy SK$E$,
* C

What’s Next?
Al Hamdulillah, you have completed the all five levels of this course. Completing this course does not
mean that your study ends here. One should continuously learn from cradle to grave. We’ll advise you
the following in order to enrich your Arabic Language.
• Recite the Holy Quran daily. Try to completely read one Surah in one sitting. Ponder into its
meanings. Think about the metaphors used. Imagine yourself as one of its direct audience. Don’t
look at the translation before trying to understand the Quran itself. If a word is new for you, first
look at its meaning in the dictionary. After completing your work, look at the translation to confirm
your understanding.
• Study Ahadith of the Prophet :; ! !";< ^ ;W regularly in Arabic. Follow the procedure
mentioned above.
• Study as much books in Arabic as possible.
• Read the headlines in an Arabic newspaper daily. A lot of Arabic newspapers are available on
internet.
• Read different research journals in Arabic. A lot of them are available on internet.
• Frequently consult Arabic dictionaries.
• Read a book on M- _ <N and M- T. It will help you in applying the principles of :;<
S . Various books are available on these topics on www.waqfeya.net .
• If you want to express yourself in Arabic, develop your writing skills by:
• Translate an Arabic passage into English / your native language.
• Close the book containing that passage.
• Translate your translation back to Arabic.
• Compare your Arabic with that written in the book to identify your mistakes. In a few
days, you’ll feel that you can write in Arabic.
Learning never ends, so continue the above-mentioned steps for the rest of your life. May Allah
help us in understanding His religion. May Allah bless all of us.
Worth Reading
Personality Development Program. A series of articles at
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/Personalityenglish.htm

Bibliography
Following sources are consulted during preparation of this book:
"(T1 ; :";1* r0( M-

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~k1 = & PT M> 4$ < SSG :;1G J(T<
:; !";< ^ J;W qSKE I
( kL >K J(D "(G=<6 I
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Other Writings of the Author (Available at www.mubashirnazir.org)

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Quranic Arabic

Lesson 1A: Attributes of a Good Communication    7

Lesson 1B: Surat-ul-Furqan to Surat-ul-Qasas 13

Lesson 2A: Parables !"# 35

Lesson 2B: Surat-ul-A’kaboot to Surat-ul-Ahzaab 38

Lesson 3A: Types of Parables !"# $%& 56

Lesson 3B: A Selection of Hadith 60

Lesson 4A: Allegory '"() !"#* 79

Lesson 4B: Khutubaat-ul-Arab 82

Lesson 5A: Literal & Figurative Meanings +, -"-. 104

Lesson 5B: Types of Deceived People 113

Lesson 6B: Applying the Procedure of Evaluation of Hadith Authenticity 143

Lesson 7A: Descriptive & Non-Descriptive Styles #56 7 163

Lesson 7B: An Introduction to Islamic Economics - Part I 170

Lesson 8A: Real & Figurative Use of Interrogative Words 

Lesson 8B: An Introduction to Islamic Economics - Part II 201

Lesson 9B: Travels of Ibn Batuta 229

Lesson 10A: Description & Omission

Lesson 10B: Human Being in the Muslim Philosophy 259

Quranic Arabic Program 2 Level 05

Lesson 11B: Political Views of Ibn Khaldun 284

Lesson 12B: Views of Muslim Philosophers on Ethics 315

Lesson 13A: Use of Specifications in a Sentence ""- @A6 335

Lesson 13B: An Introduction to Quranic Studies 340

Lesson 14A: Limiting Something - 361

Lesson 14B: The Seven Odes – Part I 365

Lesson 15A: Amount of Words to Describe Meanings 384

Lesson 15B: The Seven Odes – Part II 391

Lesson 16A: Use of Communication for a Different Purposes 411

Lesson 16B: Styles of Expression in the Quran 415

Lesson 17A: Turning the Direction of Communication 86 439

Lesson 17B: Surat-ul-Saba to Surat-ul-Zumur 441

Lesson 18A: I’lm-ul-Badee’ 90 :;< 464

Lesson 18B: Surat-ul-Mu’min to Surat-ul-Hujuraat 469

What’s Next? 499

Quranic Arabic Program 3 Level 05

Rule of the Day

Face the Challenge! Worth Reading

Quranic Arabic Program 4 Level 05

The Program is organized as follows:

Ask Your Questions

Quranic Arabic Program 5 Level 05

Set-up Your Resources

Quranic Arabic Program 6 Level 05

Quranic Arabic Program 7 Level 05

Quranic Arabic Program 8 Level 05

Balaghat T (continued)

Face the Challenge!

Rule of the Day:

Quranic Arabic Program 9 Level 05

• J;(1 _S;j (Intellectual Style)

• J(Tkl _S;j (Persuasive Style)

Literary Style J(TOj _S;j

Persuasive Style J(Tkl _S;j

Quranic Arabic Program 10 Level 05

_S;& J(T <

Quranic Arabic Program 11 Level 05

_S;& J(T <

Quranic Arabic Program 12 Level 05

Dear Reader! Build Your Personality

:"  P=  ^ :$T MC C% L 3L 4 SK

Death, destruction x4SKL Roaring xD( + Fake h

Quranic Arabic Program 13 Level 05

Lesson 1A: Attributes of a Good Communication 7

Lesson 2A: Parables !"# 35

Lesson 3A: Types of Parables !"# $%& 56

Lesson 4A: Allegory '"() !"#* 79

Lesson 5A: Literal & Figurative Meanings +, -"-. 104

Lesson 7A: Descriptive & Non-Descriptive Styles #56 7 163

Lesson 8A: Real & Figurative Use of Interrogative Words

Lesson 13A: Use of Specifications in a Sentence ""- @A6 335

Lesson 14A: Limiting Something - 361

Lesson 17A: Turning the Direction of Communication 86 439

Lesson 18A: I’lm-ul-Badee’ 90 :;< 464

Balaghat T (continued)

• J;(1 _S;j (Intellectual Style)

• J(Tkl _S;j (Persuasive Style)

Literary Style J(TOj _S;j

Persuasive Style J(Tkl _S;j

_S;& J(T<

_S;& J(T<

:" P= ^ :$T MC C%L 3L 4 SK

Death, destruction x4SKL Roaring xD( + Fake h

Deserted, target of foolish task x4SK,= G Dust g Worthless x4SKT

S= ۚ "= ;C < 5= W

;C > (U . x(> p( O( <( _ ( SK5L T( !( T( C C ۚ p( ( =

:" P= ^ :$T ( 1 #

Mountain O( S= Uk Those who make angry MC SL(C No problem! We don’t

:" P= ^ :$T ' 3L 4 SK

Do you want to help me P( 5( *K&C Don’t be arrogant

O( 4 It became confused (it

b = 4 xK C !K E5N( .MC SL;( 7

Submitted, humiliated P 0(>( O Something walking, an animal n ET O They speak MC SL-k( = 0

:" P= ^ :$T ¬ - 3L 4 SK

He jabbed F C His group !( (1 "(R So he picked him

Present x0( C As a helper O= 4( Beach, edge ( A( R

h *(0 9 (EDC nSK4 "= CN(

EGBCDC .MC SLQ $0 C := K DC H i(G S= 0 1 y 5=BC :K ( "= ;C <

Definitely taking you to O C Hey! It is like that UMBCC

Analysis J(T<

') !"# 3 O&

Analysis J(T<

:" P= ^ :$T 8SK2C 1 3L 4 SK

S= $ DC ۖ SK1E "( := gK "= * T( KL 2 "(

They should enjoy benefit SK1E "( We’ll definitely, surely

:" P= ^ :$T ( K 3L 4 SK

:K gK h i(CL& ۖ !( U; ! = MC K0(0K P 0(U;( a "= > h

:" P= ^ :$T MC - L 3L 4 SK

( K1= (T = GK & 3C C;E :( %( &C EJTK 0 .