DIRECTED

NUMBERS
Subtopic 1
Perform computations involving multiplication
and division of integers to solve problems.

At the end of this subtopic, you will be able to:

I ) multiply integers
II ) solve problems involving multiplication of integers
III) divide integers
IV) solve problems involving division of integers
Do you still remember ???

+ = ?
How many items are there ?

14 + 12 = 26
Smart TIP

+ X + = +
+ X - = -
- X + = -
- X - = +
 HORIZONTAL NUMBER LINE

NEGATIVE INTEGERS POSITIVE

INTEGERS

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

NEGATIVE DIRECTION POSITIVE DIRECTION

VERTICAL NUMBER LINE

P I P D
O N O I
S T S R
I E I E
T G T C
I E I T
V R V I
E S E O
N

N I N D
E N E I
G T G R
A E A E
T G T C
I E I T
V R V I
E S E O
N
 To multiply integers:
1. face the number to be multiplied
2. move forward if the sign of the other
number
is +.
3. move backward if the sign of the other
number is –.

-2 X 4 Number to be multiplied

sign
Other number
 Solve the following:

-2 X 4
= (-2) + (-2) + (-2) + (-2)
= -8
Face negative direction and move 2 steps backward 4 times

-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
Solve the following:
4X2
= (2) + (2) + (2) + (2)
= 8

Face positive direction and move 2 steps forward 4 times

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 Solve the following: HOT TIPS
+X+ =+
(a) 6 X (-5) = - 30 -X+ =-
+X-=-
(b) -4 X (-9) = 36 -X-= +
(c) -4 X (-2) X (-3) = -24
(d) -7 X 6 X (-2) = 84
 Smart TIP
+ ÷ +=+
+ ÷ -=-
- ÷ +=-
- ÷ -=+

If there are like signs, the answer is positive.

If there are unlike signs, the answer is negative.
 To divide integers
-division is the process of equal
sharing or equal grouping

EXAMPLE: + + + + + +
12 ÷ 3 = 4
+ + + + + +

+ + + + + +
+ + + + + +
Example:

-12 ÷ 3 = -4

- - - - - -

- - - - - -

- - - - - -
- - - - - -
 Division is the inverse of multiplication
12 ÷ 3 = 4 , then, 3 X 4 = 12

-12 ÷ 3 = - 4, then, 3 X ( -4) = -12

Since – 3 X 4 = - 12, then, - 12 ÷ ( - 3 ) = 4.

Since - 3 X ÷ ( - 4 ) = 12, then, 12 ÷ ( - 3 ) = - 4

 EXERCISE
1. 8 ÷ (-2 )
2. -63 ÷ ( -7)
3. -40 ÷ 4 ÷ 5
4. 48 ÷( - 8) ÷(-2)
Subtopic 2
Perform computation involving combined
operation of addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division of integers to solve
problems
At the end of this subtopic, you will be able to:
I ) perform computations involving combined
operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication

and division of integers

II ) solve problems involving combined operations of

addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of
 Combined Operations on Integers
To perform addition , subtraction, multiplication and
division on integers

Examples:

Evaluate : a) -2 + 5 – 7 b) – 6 X (- 4) ÷ ( - 3 )
=3–7 = 24 ÷ ( - 3 )
= -4 = -8

Do the operations
from left to
right
 EXERCISE
Calculate:
a) 7 + 3 – 15

b) -2 – 11 + 3

c) -3 – ( -2 ) – 8

d) - 8 – 13 – (- 6)

e) - 9 + ( - 6) – 12

f) - 15 + (-7) –(-12)
EXERCISE

a) 4 X (- 3) ÷ 2

b) - 5 X ( - 8) ÷ 10

c) - 12 X (- 2) ÷ (-8)

d) - 40 ÷ 8 X (- 11)

e) - 128 ÷ 4 X ( - 3 )

f) - 9 X (- 8) ÷ (- 12)
Subtopic 3
Extend the concept of integers to fractions to
solve problems

At the end of this subtopic, you will be able to:

I ) compare and order fractions
II ) perform addition, subtraction, multiplication or
division on fractions
How much is left, in fraction ?

?
 Positive and Negative Fractions

*A positive fraction has a ‘+’ sign before it or has no sign.

Example: + 1 , 3
4 7

•A negative fraction has a ‘–’ sign before it.

Example: - 1 , - 5
4 9
 Complete the fractional number line

divide the number line to equal parts

according to the LCM of the denominators

-1 -5 -4
-2 -3
-1 -2
-1 -1 0 1 1
2 3
1 4
2 5 1 7
11386 1 12
6 6
3 62 6
3 6 6 3
6 6
2 6
3 6 6
Arrange the following fractions in ascending order.
,
4 5 7
and
5 7 10

4  7  10 5  5  10 75 7
,
5  7  10 7  5  10 10  5  7

280 250 245

350 350 350

7 < 5 < 4
10 7 5
To perform addition and subtraction on fractions.
Example 1
7  2
  
9  3
HOT TIPS
+X+ =+
7 2
  -X+ =-
9 3
+X-=-
7 23 -X-= +
 
9 3 3

7 6
 
9 9

1

9
Example 2
3  5 1
   
4  8 2
3 5 1 HOT TIPS
  
4 8 2 +X+ =+
3  4 5  2 1 8 -X+ =-
   +X-=-
4 4 8 2 28
-X-= +
 12  10  8
16
6
16
3
8
To multiply and divide fractions

Example 1
3 1
 1
4 9

3 10
 
4 9

5

6
Example 2

2 4
1  Change to
3 9 improper
fraction
5 4
 
3 9 Multiply by
the reciprocal
5 9 of 4
 
3 4 9

15
 Change to
4 mixed number

3
3
4
HOMEWORK

Exercise 1.3C

No. 1(a), (e)

2(a), (e)

3(a), (f)

4(a), (e)
Subtopic 4
Extend the concept of integers to decimal
to solve problems

At the end of this subtopic, you will be able to:

I ) compare and order decimals.

II ) perform addition, subtraction, multiplication or
division on decimals.
 N
C IME
E
SP

RM 1.20 each RM 5.60

What is the balance of the money?

Positive and Negative Decimals

There are positive and negative decimals.

Positive decimals are greater than zero.
Negative decimals are smaller than zero.
To compare and order decimals

Decimals can be marked on a number line.

-1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0

-0.7 < -0.2

 To add and subtract decimals.

Example :

a) 6.4 + ( - 4.8 ) b) – 9.25 – ( - 4.36 ) – 5.12

= 6.4 – 4.8 = -9.25 + 4.36 – 5.12

= 1.6 = - 4.89 – 5.12

= - 10.01
 Exercise
Calculate:
1. a) - 3.5 + 2.6 2. a) -2.51 + 9.62 + 2.1

b) 4.2 + 1.5 b) 1.13 + (- 4.78) + (- 5.9)

c) -1.1 + 9.9 c) - 0.92 + (- 3.19) + 7.2

d) -6.2 + ( -7.9) d) – 2.16 – 3.47 – 4.8

e) 2.3 – 1.9 e) 9.23 – 12.4 – 4.8

f) -1.8 – 9.2
To multiply and divide decimals

Example 1

1.3 X ( - 2.5 ) 1.3

X 2.5
= -3.25 6 5
26
3.2 5
Example 2

6.34
31.7
 0. 2 2) 63.4
6
63.4 3
 2
2
14
14
= -31.7 -
Subtopic 5
Perform computation involving directed
numbers (integers, fractions and decimals)
At the end of this subtopic, you will be able to:

I ) perform addition, subtraction, multiplication or

division involving two directed numbers.

II ) perform computations involving combination of two

or more operations on directed numbers including

the use of brackets.

III) pose and solve problems involving directed numbers

Smart TIP
BODMAS is a mathematical rule to
determine the order of calculation
B is for brackets
O is for power of
D is for division
M is for multiplication
A is for addition
S is for subtraction
 Evaluate the following:
1) 2
3 6
5

2) 8 X (-4.5 )

1
3)  5  (2)
4
 Calculate
1) ( -6 + 10 ) X 5

5 6 5
2)  ( ) 
12 7 8

3
3) 5  (1 )  2.1
4
What have we learnt?
JAMALIAH BT AWANG
WAN SUPIAH BT HJ. YUSUF
WAN KHATIJAH BT WAN ABDULLAH
ZAINON BT BASIRION

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