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When we talk about Tanzania Tourism, it is generally the famous Mt. Kilimanjaro, Ngorongoro
Crater, Serengeti or the spice Island of Zanzibar that comes into our minds, This is because
perhaps other tourist destinations such as Tanga have remained unpretentious and have hardly
been exposed to outside world.

For tourists and travelers the Region of Tanga is yet another site in Tanzania which is adorned by
splendid environment, eye - catching landscape, unique culture and obliged people. Sun
drenched beaches, skirting the fabled Indian Ocean, rising mountain of the great Usambaras,
whispering rivers and lush green vegetation add to the beauty of the Region that has hardly
appeared on the tourists map of Tanzania.

Tanga Region has a rich history which unfolds real and interesting stories of explorers like
Vasco da Gama, Arab and Indian, settlements trading activities, the slave trade, the advent of the
Germans Colonists and finally the British rule.

Tanga has four major centres marked for tourism activities. The Tanga city is the capital of the
Region. It is situated on the shores of the great Indian Ocean from where all activities radiate
towards other parts of the region. The city is rich in history, natural attractions, period
architecture and interesting aquatic activities. South of Tanga City lies a prominent trading centre
of the 19th century Pangani. Pangani has some of the most spectacular beaches unpolluted in the
country and is an excellent beach holiday destination. To the further south is the little known
Saadani Game Reserve now Saadani National Park with Beach and wild animals.
To the West of Tanga and on the East Usambara maintains lies a beautiful hill station named
AMANI. It is the nest of endemic Flora and Fauna. Tea plantations on hill slopes and a serene
atmosphere make Amani a wonderful retreat for eco friendly tourists. Tanga has somehow
remained away from spotlight. In the conflicts between modern developments and traditional
methods of life, Tanga stayed unnoticed on the tourism map of Tanzania. It is only in the recent
years that the lovers of Tanga took steps to rehabilitate and unfold of the forgotten heritage of
their trampled land.
Some epic battles were fought in Tanga during the world war one between the Germans and the
British. At the onset of the war in November, 1914 the British troops Comprising of 7000
Indians landed in Tanga on the Raskazone Beach. However the Germans were well prepared and
inflicted a heavy blow on the British. The German Army comprising of African Askar is were
led by Commander Von Lettow.The British actually Captured Tanga in mid 1916 with a land
offensive from Taveta in the North Zone of Tanzania. Official surrender by the Germans was
signed at CLIFF BLOCK Hospital overlooking the sparkling Indian Ocean over a delicious
English breakfast. The Cemeteries of the war and memorial of the first World war still exists,
reminding us of the heroes who laid down their lives from others.


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Tanga Region has many areas of tourist attractions sites, which are yet to be fully developed. Its
economy is mainly agriculturally based with cash crops such as sisal, cashew nuts, coffee, cotton
etc being a predominant. Also it boasts of producing a wide variety of fruits throughout the year
with its good rainfall pattern and high soil fertility. However these crops are in doldrums due to
either lack of re - investment processing factories and markets as a result the farmer is not
properly remunerated in accordance to efforts undertaken. The sector employs more than 90% of
the population. Given the situation a need arises to diversify to another area, which will offer
employment opportunities to the local inhabitants and youths of the Region. This sector is none
other than Tourism.
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The revised National Tourism Policy encourages private entrepreneurship to stakeholders
holding in the country's tourism. This has enabled the tourism sector to be the fasted growing
industry now. Currently the sector contributes 25% of the export earnings of the country and
employs about 25000 people per annum. Hence the need for the project.
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Given the fact that Tanga has tourist attraction sites which are yet to be developed the need for
such a project is imminent and justifiable given the facts as follows:-

1. The Regions tourist potential is yet to be fully exploited hence the project will act as a
catalyst for the flow of more tourists through its implementation.
2. It will offer employment opportunities especially after the collapse of the sisal Industry,
closure of the Tanzania Fertilizer Company (TFC) Steel Rolling Mills, and many others
which were offering employment to quite a large number of the indigenous people of
Tanga Region.
3. With an influx of tourists to the Region other services automatically will have to grow
also. This means more hotels and guest houses will have to be built and those existing
will have to be improved. This leads to General development of the Region.
4. The Region and the Country in general will earn more money in terms of foreign
currency.
5. With more human resources development through employment opportunities the standard
of living of the people in Tanga will rise.
6. The project through market advertisement and promotions campaigns will ensure an
influx of more tourists hence the development of the existing tourist sites and hence by
implication the development of the region as whole.
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Tanga Region is located in the Nothern Eastern part of Tanzania and consists of seven Districts
namely Tanga City, Handeni, Korogwe, Lushoto, Muheza and Pangani. To the East the Region
is bordered by the Indian Ocean, to the South it borders the coast region and Morogoro Region
while to the North and North West it borders the Republic of Kenya and Kilimanjaro and Arusha
Regions respectively. The Western part of the Region is bordered by Dodoma Region.

Given this Location the Region boasts of a long stretch of a Coastline with magnificent sand
beaches. A part from its own tourist attractions which bound the regions border regions which
cover the Northern tourist circuit which consist of Kilimanjaro Arusha, Lake Manyara, Tarangire
which are household names of Parks to most tourists and not forgetting Serengeti the eighth
wonder of the World and Ngorongoro Conservation Area. To the South of the Region are the
Mikumi, Udzungwa Mountains National Parks also selous Game Reserve which is the biggest
game Reserve in the World and Morogoro town where one can see the Historical graves of the
late Kingo the founder of Morogoro.

It has been mentioned that the Region borders the Coast Region which consists of historical sites
of Bagamoyo where one is bound to see the buildings of German and Arabic Origin. Generally it
could be said that, the Region apart from its own tourist attractions it is also near to most of the
tourist attractions available in the Country.

3.1.2 Access:
The Region is well connected in terms of communication. There is an all -tarmac road from
D'Salaam where one can arrive in Dar es Salaam from any destination in the world through the
D'Salaam International Airport or by Sea. From there one can take the regular bus services and /
,pr chaufer, self drive cars provided by our Tour agencies and use this road to arrive Tanga. Also
there are speed boats which provide regular services between the ports of Dar es Salaam, Pemba,
Zanzibar, Tanga and Mombasa. Tanga has its own airport which is Government controlled where
one can avail himself with a flight from the available charter services in Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar
and Mombasa in Kenya. The Northern tourist Circuit is well connected to Tanga by the
D'Salaam -Moshi - Arusha highway an all tarmac - highway. The same applies for Morogoro
where one can use this highway up to Chalinze then be connected to the Tanzam Highway to
Morogoro. The districts are well connected by all weather murram roads.
Telephone as well as Cellular phone services are available. The services, are connected to the
International services and one can dial to any destination in the World without any difficult.

Climate and Topograph:

3.1.9 The Region covers an area which lies from the sea level to about 600 metres above the sea
level. Most of the high points consists of the Usambara range of mountains. Other areas are just
undulating plains with a variety of grass lands and trees. The climate is diverse with the coast
area having a hot climate while Lushoto has a cool climate to the extent that it has been named
the Switzerland of Africa.
The rainfall pattern is bimodal ranging between 800 - 1600mm per annum. This differs from one
area to another.

4.0.0 Current Project Status:

This Company will be expected to receive tourist by arranging hotel bookings, providing
individual and group excursions within the Tanga Region tourist attractions and those in the
neighboring Regions. However a need arise to give brief descriptions of tourist attractions
available in Tanga Region also available facilities which are in the region to ensure a pleasant
and memorable stay of a tourist in the Region.
4.1.0 Tourist Attractions in Tanga Region:
Tourist attractions in the Region can also be grouped into the following groups :-
- Cultural oriented sites
- Historical and Archaeological sites
- Natural forest Reserves.
- Game Reserves and National Parks

4.1.1 Cultural Oriented Sites:

The whole of Coastal area which stretches from Tanga to Pangani gives a Swahili type of culture
with dressings of 'Kanzu' and Kofia for men and Buibui for women. One can also see the men
playing a game known as 'Bao' during evening while women are weaving different types of
colorful . mats or themselves with heena in their hands and feet with a variety of designs. As one
leaves the coastal area to districts such as Muheza, Handeni, Korogwe,Lushoto and Kilindi, there
is a slight change in dressings and culture. There are some places where some cultural mutual
ceremonies are still performed such as those performed by Wakilindi at the Taragunda Culture
site in the Kwagunda village and many more others in Zigua area Bondei, and Wasambaa areas.
These Ceremonies might include rain making ceremonies where a wide variety of drums and
music instruments are played and dancing takes play in the marry -making.

4.1.2 Historical and Archaoelogical Sites:

There are many areas in Tanga of Interest to tourist as historical and archaeological sites. These
include the following:

Amboni Caves:
Amboni caves are located just near Tanga a few kilometers from the center of Tanga city on the
road towards Mombasa. The area is easily accessible when one is on the, Mombasa road and
branches on the left about 8 km. South of Tanga City. The Amboni caves are among the earliest
settlements with good ancient paintings and other artistic work. When one visits the cave the
attendants provide you with fascination folklore stories. It is a place worth visiting.

Fortified Hill at Ndola:

This is an area of historical interest where one earn see settlement with archeological evidence of
from stone age dating back to 100 and 400 A.D Also one can see old ancient structure (e.g caves)
which were used fpr defence during tribal wars. This place is in Amani and one can see an old
Germany Hospital and a doctors grave yard.

Tongoni:
This is a place located in Pangani District. One can observe here historical structures / ruins of
Arabic Origin. This is a place where Abushiri who was the Sultan of the area lived. Torten
Island:
The Island could be seen from Mkonge Hotel and Bandari House also very feasible at Tanga
Yacht Club. Historically, the torten Island is known as an area in which people who had
incurable diseases were confined in the Island. Inside the Island there German Graves buried
during the 2nd world was 1945. Also there is an historical Mosque. There are many species like
birds who have made their permanent home and these cannot be found anywhere else in the
world. There are also trees not found anywhere and actually this Island needs conservation as the
Ocean is endangering the life of these species in future.

German Buildings:
These include the spectecular first world grave yard in the centre of the city which is properly
maintained and many more others buildings which are within Tanga City and easily accessible.
There are also many areas in Pangani, Lushoto, Korogwe and Handeni Districts of interest to
tourists. But due to neglect they do not reflect their Historical importance. But some efforts are
underway to rehabilitate those sites deemed important.

4.1.3 Game and Natural Forest Reserves:

Tanga Region Consist of mainly of game Reserves which are controlled such as Mwakijembe
and Mkomazi while forest Reserves are a many such as the Magamba and Shume and many
more in its seven districts which comprises of Tanga Region. Tanga Region has the newly
ordained National Park formerly the Saadan Game Reserve consisting of two in one which is the
only one in the world. It is very important here to give detailed information of the Amani Nature
Reserve (ANR) and the Islands surrounding the City of Tanga.
Amani Nature Reserve (ANR)
The Nature Reserve was established in May, 1997 and it covers an area of about 8380 hectares.
The ANR has a high degree of endemic flora and founa and thus are true representative of the
tropical mountain forests with a cool climate while being near the Equator and the Indian Ocean.
It is an Ideal place for Eco-tourism.
Amani Nature reserve (ANR) has been termed as the "Last Paradise" it is a paradise of nature in
the sense that the flora and fauna are unique. The species composition is very diverse with a
complex structure very large and Tall trees (over 60 metres) exist throughout the ANR while
below then many different types of plant species including climbers parasitic plants bryophytes,
epiphytes and lianas being supported by tall trees. These characteristics make ANR a suitable
area for Eco-tourism whereby it could be utilized for human pleasure by undertaking activities
such as game viewing enjoying natural beauty or site seeing, hiking, camping, walking, picnics
boating fishmg and learning while maintaining sound ecological processes and stability of the
area.

The Amani Nature Reserve Includes also one of the largest Botanical Gardens in Africa. This
garden was started by the Germans in 1902 including the first tree nursery in Tanganyika. The
Amani Botanical Gardens (ABG) occupies an area of 350 hectares, The German planted about
900 different tree species both indigenous and exotics from different parts of the World. Thus
ANR is centre for biological diversity. The floristic composition is very diverse and there are
2012 vascular plants species per Ha. Thus a large proposition of the endemic species are found
within ANR.

There also within ANR rare animals birds and butterflies which are very rare in other parts of the
world. There are also rare types of chameleon, lizards, snakes and amphibians. Therefore Amani
Nature Reserve is a place worth visiting for those who want to witness for themselves endemic
species within their natural habitants.

Facilities and Services available at ANR:

There is an information center known as the sign Information center. The center can provide
information on the trails, camping site, picnic areas etc. within ANR. There is a rest House
containing 10 rooms self contained which are specious and very confortable including Amani
Rest House and another one within walking distance. Six camping sites have been identified and
have been developed these include, sign Amani center Kwamkoro, forest station Kiganga monga
and Ndola -These sites have been selected due to their locations which could be used as
observation points and the fact that already some basic facilities such as water supply and toilets
are In place.

While in Amani Nature Reserve one is able to see cultural and Historical sites as well. ANR is an
exceptional place for biodiversity training, research and scientific studies. The ANR has been
used for short term and long term research programmer for forestry, botany, zoology, ecology
and social anthropology. Therefore ANR is not only for eco - tourist and economic development
but its importance also is in generating relevant knowledge and informative deemed necessary
for our sustainable development and survival.

Islands Surrounding Tanga City; Torten Island:

The Island can be seen from Mkonge Hotel / Inn by the Sea / Raskazone Swimming Club and
Tanga Yacht Club. Historically the Torten Island is known as an area of local medicinal herbs in
which people who had incurables diseases were confined in the Island. The Island is the original
name of Tanga and the original tribe of Digo people who lived there. As these residents who
lived there were crossing to the city from there by the symbol 'KWITANGA' meaning they are
going to Tanga town and then the Name of Tanga was cristerned in that name by the Germans.

Jambe Island:
The Island can be seen from Raskazone area which is 30 km from Tanga Port across the Indian
ocean reef entering Tanga Port. Jambe Island Historically is the home of Local tribe Wadigo who
lived there fishing. The Island has a lot of species which are not found anywhere else in the
world. Big Reptiles e.g Snakes of different colors, big tortoise and species of birds who live there
as permanent residence. There are also big colored guerillas. There is a Coastal forest with
species of trees which are only found there. These need to be conserved as Tanga is becoming
almost a desert due to cutting of trees for domestic use like charcoals and burning of Limestone
for the manufacture of hydrated lime. This Island has an area of 230 Square metres and worth
visiting for tourist attractions.


Rulenge island:
Rulenge Island is 30 Km from Jambe Island in the South of Tanga City. This Island was game
Reserve as it merged with Nyamaku Island but due to sea erosion it disintegrated and became the
isolated Island. Definitely there were some livelihood there as there are Houses and Mosque and
Church remnants left there. Ulenge Island is known for wild animals like Giraffe Dig Dig and
many, others where fishers goes for hunting.

The Tanga City authorities does not know much about these Islands i.e Jambe, Ulenge and
Nyamaku but these are known internationally as having a lot of species about 333 species and
are subject for conservation especially the sea erosion in order to preserve the animals and
species which are there. These have been designated under Eastern Arc Mountains of East
Usambara by (CERF) Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund.

The Nature forest in these, Island, are coastal forest with a lot of species and biodiversity where
there are several endemics especially plants.
The Islands are conducive attractions for tourists and they are good for camping sites. Also the
Islands are good for tourist Hotels.

Nyamaku Island:
Nyamaku Island is just adjacent to Mwambani in the city center and near Mwarongo Island.
Nyamaku Island has been ear marked an endangered Island by C E P F and requires immediate
conservation because the species living there will perish if the sea erosion continues, degrading
the surface. Nyamaku Island has many species not found anywhere else in the world. The
fishermen are hunting them and frustrating their living. This Island is under the Eastern Arc
Mountains for conservation because it is in hot sport area of Critical Environmental Programe
Fund.

Mwarongo Island:
Mwarongo is among the earmarked for hot spot in the 160 sites of Critical Environmental
Programme fund to be conserved" because of having the endangered 333 species to be protected
and earmarked for conservation. Mwarongo has a lot of attractions for tourists but not yet been
explored and Tanga community are not aware of he importance and what is there.

Eco - Tourism in Tanga

Amani:
"The Last Paradise"
The Amani Nature Reserve (ANR) was officially established in May 1997 through a
Government Notice No. 151. The ANR covers an area of about 8380 hectra of good forest
including some 1065 hectares of forests from the East Usambara Tea Co. Ltd (EUTCO)
managed as part of ANR. The catchments forests have been upgraded to a Nature Reserve
because of their species richness, tremendous biodiversity and water catchments values. The
ANR has a high degree of endemic flora and fauna and thus, are a true representative of the
tropical mountain rain forest with a cool climate while been near to the Equator and the Indian
Ocean.

The ANR is an ideal product for Eco-tourism. The term "Eco tourism" means ecological tourism
implying that a certain type of the natural resources being utilized for human pleasure (relaxation
and enjoyment) without affecting the ecological functions and its ability to sustain itself.

Through ecological tourism people are able to undertake some activities like game viewing,
enjoying natural beauty or site seeing, hiking, camping, walking, picnics, boating, fishing and
learning while maintaining sound ecological processes and stability of the respective areas in
use. These activities must be undertaken in a manner which is compatible with the conservation
objectives. It is also anticipated that through eco-tourism activities revenue will be generated.
The funds will be used to enhance conservation. Work and also used to promote socio-economic
developments for the adjacent local communities (e.g. provide material and financial support to
community based projects and activities).
The ANR has all the qualities of Eco-tourism. It is a paradise of Nature in the sense that the flora
and fauna are quite unique. These species composition are very unique and diverse with a
complex structure. Very large and tall trees (over 60 metres) exist throughout the ANR. Below
them are many very different types of plant species including climbers, parasitic plants,
bryophytes, epiphytes and lianas being supported by all tall trees.
These characteristics make the ANR a suitable area for eco-tourism. It is a kind of a natural
habitat which many people in other parts of the world have never seen or are missing. For
example, many urban people in the developed world have never seen very large and tall trees or
a complex plant community like the one at Amani. Hence the ANR is worth visiting by tourists
and many others.

Amani Botanical Garden (ABG)

The ANR includes one of the largest botanical gardens in Africa which was started by Germans
in 1902 including the first tree nursery in Tanganyika. The ABG occupies some 350 Ha of land
and immediately started a few metres from the Entry gate and the information centre at Sigi.
The German planted about 900 different tree species both indigenous and Exotics from different
parts of the world. However some 300 species are now found in the botanical garden in good
shape and are worth seeing. Plans are underway to rehabilitate and manage the ABG to the
standard of a renowned botanical garden.

Endemic and Rare Species.

The ANR is part of the East Usambara Mountain forests which are also part of the Eastern Arc
mountain forest recognized as a World "biodiversity" "hot spot" According to the World
conservation and Monitoring centre (1992) the East Usambara and in particular the ANR is a
centre for biological diversity. The floristic composition is very diverse and there are 2012
vascular plant species per ha. It is further reported that 25.30% of the plants in east Usambara are
endemic,

Species richness and endemnism in the Usambara mountain forest is well elaborated by Rodgers
and Homewood (1982). Thus a large proportion of the endemic species are found within the
ANR. Examples of the endemic plants includes saintpaulia species (African Violets) Worldwide
there are 21 species of saintpaulia and 19 of these are found in Tanzania. Furthermore of the
species found in Tanzania 15 are in Usambara Mountains. About seven or eight of these species
are endemic to East Usambara and occur in the ANR. The species are:-
Saintpaulia protei Saintpaulia difficilis Saintpaulia intermedia Saintpaulia mongensis Var
Mongensis Saintpaulia pendula Var Minima Saintpaulia tongensis Saintpaulia pendula Var
Kizare Saintpaulia pendula Var pendula
Apart from Saintpaulia species several other species are endemic to the area.




Some Examples are Cola Usambararensis, Cola greenwayi, Cynometra engleri, Cola
longipendicellata, Cola Brachiyrradis, Vitex amaniensis Englerodendron Usambarense, Ocotea
Usambarensis, Greenwayodendron suaveolens and sorindeia Usambarensis just to mention few.
Recently in the 1980's two more species were found in East Usambara Euvalia Tanzaniae and
Coffea mongensis were disiovered in Amani area thus increasing the number of endemic species.
There are also within ANR rare animals and birds. Tourist can see the Birds like the Amani
sunbird. (An threptes pallidigaster) the long filled Appalls - (Appalls moreani) and the Bonded
Green sunbird (An trapezes rubritorgues) which is rare outside the East Usambara's, Often rare
species which could be of Interest to visitors are the Usambara Red headed Blue bill and the
Green headed oriole types of Birds. There are also rare types of chameleon, Lizards, snakes and
amphibians. Thus ANR is ideal place for those who want to witness for them selves endemic
species within their natural habitats.

Facilities and Services:

Some services are available and more services are being developed to ensure that the visitors
enjoy their visits to ANR to the full. They include the Sigi information centre, rest houses and
nature trails camping and picnic's areas.

Sigi Information Centre;

The Information centre is situated within the ANR near the entry gate at Sigi:-The old German
railway station masters house has been rehabilitated and turned into the information centre.
Information on nature trails camping sites or town guides is available here. Postcards are also
sold here.

Rent Houses:
A new rest house has been constructed at Sigi just close to the entry gate. It has ten self
contained rooms and relatively large rooms. Other rest houses include the Aman rest house. The
charges are 30 USD per day for foreigners and Tshs. 10,000/- for locals / residents. Another rest
house with the capacity of eight people is within a walking distance from Amani rest house. Its
changes are 21 USD and 8000/- Tshs. for residents.
In any case charges may change depending on commodity prices which are
dictated by demand and supply.
As the Eco -Tourism business continue to grow more visitors services will be
needed.

Natural Trails;
There are eight trails which have been established within ANR as follows: AMANI
BOTANICAL

GARDEN: (T.I)
Research centre tour: This takes 1-3 hours walk around the plantation of ABG and in the
immediate surroundings of the National Institute for medical Research Amani centre.

MBOMALE HILL TRAIL: (T.2)

This is 4 km walk for a round trip for about 1-3 hours. This includes a climb of about 150m
through a natural forest and plantations of ABG to a fine view of the surrounding country side.

KWAMKORO FOREST HILL TRAIL (T.3)

This is a drive route of about 9 km (25 minutes) However the Tourists or visitors can enjoy a
some 3 km walk through the plantations with some indigenous species like cephalosphaela
Usambarensis to the African Violets (Saintpaulia Species) sites. There is also a 1.5 km circular
walk around Kwamkoro Arboretum and a 1 km extension to views from the escarpments. In total
it may take about 2-4 hours covering distance of about 6 - 10 km.

THE MONGA TRAIL: (T.4)

Is a drive route covering about 6.5 km which takes about 15 minutes. There is also 3.2 km walk
through the forest and tea which provides spectacular views to the visitor / Tourists and some
species like cinchona Ledgeriana, Impatiens Usambarense 1 ( which is endemic) or Allamblackia
stuhlmannii can be seen. Also some forest birds like Terpsiphone rufiventris which has red and
grey colours and has an enormously long tail can be seen.

THE NDOLA TRAIL: (T.5)

This is about 18 km of drive route through the forest and tea plantations. There is a fairly easy
walk of 4.5 km through the village cultivation and open grassland with some fine views across
Lwengera valley to the west Usambara mountains.

THE DEREMA TRAIL (T.6)

Covers about 1.2 km walk passing through the forest, tea and villages farms with some steep
climb. The Derema water falls, Derema Tea Factory and the German Grave yard since 1895.

THE SIGI SPICE GARDEN TOUR (T.7)

This can last for 1 - 3 hours walk around the palmettun spice and fruit Garden which is part of
the ABG.
The Amani Sigi Mountain Trail: (T.8)
This is a steep walk of 4 - 6 km round trip, climbing 450m through primary and secondary low
land and submontane forest, to the top of the ridge. It is fairly a tough walk but good for the
muscles. It starts at ANR information centre at Sigi and lasts for about 3-5 hours. Tourist enjoy a
good scenery including water falls of the Sigi River which is the main source of demostic and
Industrial water for the adjacent local communities and residents in the City of Tanga.

CAMPING SITES:
About six camping sites have been indentified and have been developed. These Include the Sigi,
Amani Centre, Kwamkoro forest station and at Kiganga area near the old forest rest house. Other
camping sites are at Monga and Ndola. Marikitanda is also a good camping site. The camping
sites have been selected considering that visitors/Tourists can use them as observation points and
already some basic facilities like water supply and toilets are in place.
Camping fees are to be paid in Advance at a rate of 10 USD per day for the foreigners and T.Shs:
2,500/= for residents.

DRIVE ROUTES:
These are drive routes through which the Tourists /Visitors can enjoy the natural Scenery and
landscape in the area as they drive along.
Once the visitors enter the ANR at Sigi they drive to Amani Centre (about 3 km) from the Amani
centre four hour drive route could be used as follows:-
AMANI:- Kwamkoro (taking a right turn at the Tea Factory) Sangarawe - Ubiri - Manga
Mbomole and back to Amani (about 20 Km). The visitors drive passing the Kwamkoro Tea
Factory and Tea plantations West Wards of Amani.
AMANI:- Kwamkoro (via left side of the Tea Factory) - Mikwinini-Ubiri -Monga - Mbomole
and back to Amani (about 25 km)

Amani - Bulwa - Mgambo - Monga and back to Amani (about 15 km anticlockwise) Through
this route visitors can see some tea plantations on the Eastern side of the enclave and such
beautiful trees like the Nandi Flame (spathdea nilotica) with nice flowers.
Amani - Mbomole - Monga - Mgambo - Bulwa and back to Amani (about 15 km and clockwise)

Hiking Routes:
It is emphasized that the main objective of the ANR is Nature conservation Eco-tourism is
introduced as a means of enhancing economic benefits and therefore help to sustain conservation
work. In that context the number of cars in the drive routes will be kept low in order to maintain
natural environment. Long hiking routes should be developed and promoted instead of drive
routes. Such potential hiking routes include:-
Kwamkoro - Potwe - Gereza - Kwagunda - Ubiri to Amani / with a camping site possibly at
Kwagunda) A hiking trail from the ANR to West Usambara (Lushoto) is also ideal. It can begin
at Amani then to Zirai - Kizara - Kwemkole - Mzia -Mashewa to West Usambara.
Two to three camping sites could be established one at Denmark (at Kizara) one each at Magoma
and Mashewa Points.
Cultural and Historical Sites:
Many of the Cultural and Historical sites have been neglected and do not reflect their historical
importance and little can be seen at the moment. However some efforts are underway to
rehabilitate those deemed important places (e.g ritual sites) according to Wasambaa tribe
traditions and- beliefs important places outside the ANR (e.g. in adjacent village) be identified
mapped and document as possible areas of interest for the visitors to see. During the participators
analysis exercise some sixteen village cultural sites were identified which in the past were used
as places for worships and for conducting other ritual ceremonies (e.g. rain making ceremonies)
such areas were highly respected by the villagers and management was the responsibility of the
ruling clan 'WAKILINDI' who in most cases performed the ceremonies. Recently it has been
established that only the 'TARAGUNDA' cultural site in the 'Kwagunda' village is still operating
the area has been protected by planting 'Dracaena Usambarensis'.
Other areas of historical interest include the archeological evidence of the iron age settlement
which dates back to 100 and 400 AD. An example of this is the

fortified hill at Ndola where some remains of settlement could be seen. The old and ancient
structure (e.g caves), which were used for defense during the time of tribal was also could be an
attraction to tourists. Further more there is an old German Hospital and Doctors grave yard and
these could be observed while walking along the Derema Trail (T.6) including the highest peak
in the area.
The Amani Research centre which was established by Germans in 1893 as a health centre with a
small botanical Garden is Currently used for medical Research work is a place of Historical
interest. The centre is also part of Amani botanical Garden containing a wide range of indigenous
and exotic species. Within the ANR are two enclaves which houses the tea estates, Laborers
camps and two villages namely Mleza and Mikwinini. Thus the enclaves are another important
aspect for tourist attractions.

Educational Use (Biodiversity Training):

The ANR is an exceptional place for biodiversity training research and Scientific studies. It is a
university of its kind and always nature is the beast learning ground on earth. At the National
level ANR has been very instrumental in training of indigenous experts. The Sokoine University
of Agriculture (SUA) uses the ANR as a training field. The same applies to the University of Dar
es salaam and the forestry Training Institute of Olmontony Arusha. The ANR has been used for
short and long term research programmes for forestry, botany. Zoology, ecology and social
anthropology, it includes aspect of long term biodiversity and ecological monitoring.
Internationally ANR has been used as a source of knowledge. Examples of this include 24
Americans despite of studying about primates, spent two days at Amani studying aspects of
nature conservation and biodiversity. During the month of march 1996 ANR hosted a group of
29 Americans who came for biodiversity training. A one week field camp training on plant
conservation techniques for East Africa was conducted by the Royal botanic gardens Kew in
association with the National Museums of Kenya was held at ANR and fifteen participants from
East Africa attended the training.
These Examples indicate the importance of the ANR not only for eco tourism and economic
development but also for generating relevant knowledge and information deemed necessary for
our Sustainable development and survival.

How to Get There:

Amani Nature Resource can be reached either from Dar es salaam Tanzania's Capital city and
main business centers situated on the Indian Ocean in the East or from Arusha city and Moshi
municipal centre in the Northern curcuit where in

both cases accessibility is good. Driving from Dar es salaam to Tanga takes about four to five
hours and from Arusha it takes five to six hours using hired or personal driven cars. With public
transport it may take more hours than indicated ones.
The road to ANR branches off at Muheza urban centre, which is also the Muheza District
headquarters. The road is about 35 km to Amani. Although it is pass able but it is not in very
good conditions hence four wheel drive vehicle with high clearance are highly recommended.

ENTRY FEES:
Currently entry fees at ANR are 10 USD per person and children below 18 years pay half and it
is free for those below five years. For guided walk the cost is 15 USD per day. Vehicles are
charged 10 USD for less than two tones and 15 USD for those above two tons. These charges are
subject to changes without notice.

Other Tourist Attractions in Tanga region: Amboni Cave:

Tanga Region has some historical sites like Amboni caves. First spectacular world war German
grave yard and the Tortern Island. These sites are within the Tanga city area and accessible. The
Amboni caves are among the earliest settlement with good ancient paintings and other artistic
work.
Darkness inside Amboni Caves not only scares many visitors who attempts to venture into these
famous limestone caves in Tanga Region, but legend has it that the spirits are always there to
please visitors with a good will and charm.
Located at some 8 km North of Tanga city on the way to Mombasa, Kenya border the beautiful
Amboni Caves are the product of Limestone formations sculptured by nature through fascinating
and various colors depicting an underground wonderful world. They are always dark and
thousands of bats and snakes have made their natural homes inside.
Visitors to the Caves may get scared to get further inside but a distance of one kilometer is
enough to satisfy a visitor curiosity. It is daring to walk what would be considered the whole
length of the caves because no known person has ever discovered the last limits of these Natural
caves. From the ceiling of the caves come huge and small stalactites projectiles of calcium
carbonate met almost halfway from the ground stalagmites resembling the inverted stalactites
formed from the dripping of percolating calcareaous water.

Local legends has it that the caves exit out in some locations themselves north ward close to
slopes of mount Kilimanjaro before heading east to the coast. No body can say for sure that how
far they really go. If one venture further than the known limits legends say one must prepare to
cross several underground rivers. Stories abound about one European man who in 1914
accompanied by his dog ventured in but only his dog was found dead a few days later in
Mombasa. The mysterious Amboni caves have different geological feature such as huge open
ground with high ceiling where visitors could arrange their picnic's. There is also a place where
visitors could rest or camp for an overnight stay.
A scripture of virgin Mary is somewhere on one of the many walks of the caves and no body
could tell its origin. An arm chair made of stones stands near the scripture and visitors can take a
rest on it. New York city statute of liberty. Ancient animals paintings animal foot prints are
naturally painted on each roof of the caves and no one has any record of when such paintings
could have been done, but it is claimed that the caves were from time memorial some claim for
the past 600 years, were used as sacred place by the local people of the area.
No doubt that Amboni caves are one of the world's greatest underground natural wonders,
Sculptures and produced by natural powers of fascinating limestone formations in a wide variety
of colors. It is indeed a thrill to visit this wonder of Tanzania.

Tongoni Ruins:
Tongoni is a small fishing village 17km South of Tanga. It is famous for the 15th Century ruins
of a mosque and forty tombs that are found in the village. Tongoni was a different place four to
five centuries ago contrary to its almost un noticed presence today, it was a prosperous and a
respected trading centre during the 15th century. One tradition claims that Tongoni was
established by the shiraz (people of Persian Gulf origin) who established many Islamic
settlements in Eastern Africa such as Kilwa and Mafia.
There are also claims that the settlement of Tongoni was once dominated by the Wadebuli tribe
believed to be of Asiatic - origin coming from dabhol off the western India.
Tongoni remained a prosperous trading centre till the 17th Century. The Economic decline began
with the arrival of the Portuguese who disrupted the India Ocean trade in the 16th and 17th
Century. Many Swahili Islamic settlements on the coast faced a similar fate. Tongoni is believed
to have lost its glory by mid 18th Century.

Vasco Da Gamma, the Portuguese sailor first visited Tongoni in April 1498. He took the
opportunity to eat the local oranges which he said were better than those available in Portugal.
He made the second visit the following year and spent fifteen days in Tongoni. The ruins at
Tongoni are under the antiquities Dept. They have been properly excavated and are open to the
public. Tongoni also offers a good insight into typical Swahili - Islamic coastal community. It is
traditional village with many houses made of mud and thatched roof. The main activities are
fishing and subsistence agriculture. It is worth visiting Tongoni as it has good attractions for
tourist and conducive environment.

Lushoto:
At 1400m above the sea level Lushoto is a cool gateway in Tanzania again the Germans laid a
strong foundation for this little known town Lushoto. Engulfed by Usambara mountain on the
West, Lushoto is stunningly beautiful like an enchantress luring you into love making.
In 1880's the Germans conceived and built Lushoto which was originally named Wilhemstahl
after their ruler Kaizer Wilhesm. If the British had not ousted them in world war one, the
Germans would have made Lushoto the Capital of German East Africa which include Burundi
and Rwanda.
Prior to the Germans the Usambara Mountains were already inhabited by the Lushoto an eco -
friendly tourism spot. Lushoto can be reached from Mombo situated on the main Tanga, Arusha
highway at the fort of the western Usambara. Driving up here on a tarmac through escarpments
is a pleasant experience. Twisting and turning around roads, stopping green and gray walks of
the mountains running and falling rivers colorful birds, tiny villages deep in the valleys and over
obliging people make Lushoto a focal point for eco - tourists. The town also offers an excellent
study of tradition and customs of Wasambaa farmers. Various view points on the edge of the
mountain are also interesting parts of the tourism programme. All these can be experienced in
places like Irente, Mtae, Mlalo, Soni, and Mazumbai.
Lushoto gives a feeling of being on the Swiss Alps. The town inspires the visitors to include in
reverting what is behind the curtains of nature. The Germans have played a very vital role in
developing Lushoto. Interiors of the mountains were, made accessible with roads and bridges.
Lutheran missionaries established schools and Hospital forests and agricultural activities were
also established. This way Lushoto made substantial progress in economic activities.

Pangani:
A major transit port for slaves looked for markets in Zanzibar and beyond Pangani under the
control of the Sultan of Zanzibar, grew during the 19th century. It was also a stepping stone for
European missionaries and explorers to the interland. River Pangani served as the passage for
discoveries of new settlements. History of settlement in Pangani however is believed to exist
since Biblical time. Raphta (circ. 100 AD) a boat building centre mentioned in the ancient Greek
and Egyptian chronicles is believed to be in Pangani.
During the 14th and 15th Centuries a settlement existed at Muhembo to the North of the present
Town. That was the time when the village of Tongoni further North was a permanent settlement.
The German established their rule in Pangani in 1886. The German faced tough resistance from
the local residents. An Arab named Abushiri Bin Salim stood strong against the colonialists. He
rebelled in the year 1888 but was arrested and hanged.
Pangani is very small town in size spectacularly situated on the Indian Ocean beach and the
Banks of River Pangani. The most breath taking site in the confluence of River Pangani and the
Indian Ocean. From the Hill-top across the ferry, the merging of the river and the sea expresses
and district feeling of an ever lasting courtship.
In the year 1892 the first sisal was introduced in Pangani sisal plantations developed in 1890's.
The North and South banks of the Rivers were enriched by these plantations. Pangani offers
interesting stretches of beach at Kigombe, 20 km North of the Town, Pangani itself Ushongo,12
km. South and further south to Sakura, Kipumbwi, Mkwaja leading to the Saadani Game
Reserve, now Saadani National Park.

Coastal forest, mangrove forests Wildlife and marine reserves have in recent years attracted
environmental concern. As compared with the Northern and the southern Tourism circuits of
Tourism in Tanzania, Pangani or the Tanga Region as such is isolated in terms of mass Tourism.
Local Community leaders say that this is a blessing in disguise, as they prefer to serve only a few
environmentally conscious investors and eco friendly Tourists. They hope will turn Tanga into
Tanzania's leading eco - Tourism centre.
Pangani offers wonderful and safe beaches. Beach and resorts offer a peaceful and pollution free
holiday. Set amidst coconut plantations and on the sparkling beaches resorts offer an excellent
ritual for total relaxation. It is a great joy to see the coastal beauty and explore the History of the
bygone era. Pangani Welcomes friends who are prepared to maintain the splendor of the past to
get the best of the present.


Mkomazi Game Reserve (now Mkomazi Natioanal Park):

Mkomazi game Reserve contains 90% of all botanic species found in Tanzania with one third
classified as unique in the world. The reserve is also home to the Mkomazi Rhino Project. This
involves the re- introduction of four black rhino from south Africa which it is hoped will breed
before being relocated to traditional natural habitats within Tanzania.
Mkomazi is a 3,700 Sq.Km game reserve in Northern Tanzania. It is a spectacular wilderness of
dry bush, ancient Baobab streets, isolated rocky Hills, acacias and shallow valleys of grass land.
The North West is Mount Kilimanjaro to the South the Pare and Usambara Mountains, and to the
North KenyasTsavo National Park. Tsavo actually shares a border with Mkomazi allowing huge
herds of Elephant to migrate during the Wet season.
Mkomazi was established in 1951 but, remote and inaccessible at that time, never attracted the
financial support provided for the better known wildlife areas. By 1988 Mkomazi was in steep
decline. Heavy poaching had wiped out its black Rhinos and elephant populations and it was
feared that the reserve might be de-gazetted and released for Agriculture. Then, with a view to
ensuring the complete rehabilitation of the area and the re-introduction of its endangered species,
the Tanzania Government designated Mkomazi a National Priority Project.
Roads, boundaries and air strips were cleared, a new radio network installed water sources sited,
dams constructed, rangers recruited and equipped, and hundreds of air-hours flown on anti-
poaching patrols.
The Captive Breading Programme for the African wild dog was established and the Mkomazi
Rhino Sanctuary constructed and stocked. Both projects form part of the Tanzanian
Governments policy on endangered species. The years of hard work have had a pre found effect
on the animals in the reserve. In the late 1960's some 250 black Rhino roused wild in Mkomazi.
By the end of late 1980's there were none. And at the end of 1980 after two decades slaughter at
the hands of ivory poachers, only eleven elephants remained. But today the black Rhino has
returned to Mkomazi. In 1977 the 28 square mile Mkomazi Rhino Sanctuary the first in
Tanzania, received its first four Rhinos from South Africa. Eventually the sanctuary will hold up
to 20 Rhinos pending their transfer to other safe and secure areas of the country. During the rainy
season close on 1,000 elephants range freely across the reserve, including herds of females with
their calves.

Buffalo, eland, giraffe, gerenuk, Grants gazelle, hartebeest, Impala lesser kudu, Oryx Steinbok,
water buck and Zebra, share the reserve with the elephant while large predators include
numerous Lion, Leopard Cheetah and hyena.
In all, 78 species of mammals have been recorded while a reptile population includes Crocodile
and python. The birds of Mkomazi are far more numerous with between 400 and 450 recorded
species. Bee-eaters, hornbills guinea fowl starlings and weaver - birds are seen in large numbers
but less well - known species include martial eagles, Secretary birds and violet wood - hoopoes.
The plant and insect life is probably the most diversified in Tanzania. For Tourists Mkomazi
offers abundant game viewing, scenic beauty and a quality wilderness experience ideal for game
drives, walking safaris and hiking. It is an ornithologists' and photographers paradise.