ORAL PRESENTATIONS

O-4

FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CURCUMIN

NANOEMULSION AS COLLOIDAL CARRIER

Tan Khang Wei, Sivakumar Manickam

Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham
(Malaysia campus), Selangor 43500, Malaysia
rainingbox@hotmail.com

Curcumin, a yellow figment extracted from Curcuma Longa dried rhizome, was found to have significant
pharmaceutical activities, for instance anti-cancer, anti- carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant
and etc. However, bioavailability of curcumin after oral administration is always low due to its extremely
low solubility in water at acidic or neutral pH. In order to improve the absorption rate of curcumin in
vivo, curcumin encapsulated nanoemulsion was developed using nanoemulsifying approach associated
with ultrasonic cavitation. Nanoemulsions with droplets size in the range of 20-100nm were successfully
prepared using Brij56/Span20 as surfactants. Colloidal characteristics of resultant formulations were
precisely studied using Zetasizer, up to 50%w/w of curcumin solution was well rendered in water with 5
or 10%w/w surfactant. Obtained results showed that curcumin nanoemulsion Particle Size Distribution
(PSD) was a function of surfactant HLB number and surfactant concentration. Curcumin 0.1% added
to water had a negligible effect on particle size, this was generally disagreed with most of the publication.
Despite an approximately 0 zeta potential was detected in all formulations, Zeta-Average and
Polydispersity Index (PdI) of selected formulations indicated promising physical stability of formulation
after 10 days storage.

O-5

INFLUENCE OF PH ON THE RELEASE OF IBUPROFEN FROM

NANOEMULSION SYSTEM FOR TOPICAL APPLICATION

E R
KH Chong1, M Basri1, A Kassim1, MBA. Rahman1, H Basri2, RNZRA Rahman3, AB Salleh3,
AF Shamsuddin4, Z Ismail5

T
Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43300 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
1

2
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

S
43300 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia,

O
43300 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
4
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

P
Sime Darby Bhd., Lot 2664, Jalan Pulau Carey, P.O.Box 207, 42700 Banting,
5

Selangor, Malaysia
mahiran@science.upm.edu.my

Nanoemulsion system containing ibuprofen was developed from palm kernel oil esters, phospholipids
and polysorbates to provide an alternative to conventional delivery vehicles such as tablets and gels. The

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 ORAL PRESENTATIONS

and L(2,3) were 2,475.56 microgram, 15.98 hours and 75.53/hours, respectively. According to the highest
value of desirability index, Design Expert indicated the optimum enhancer mixture consisted of 30.21%
OA, 35.85% PG and 33.94% VO.

O-10

COMPARING SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT GRADES OF

GELUCIRE FOR DELIVERY OF TINIDAZOLE BY IN VITRO
PERFORMANCE
E D
C T
Ajaykumar Sahu, Shilpa Bhilegaonkar
School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, NMIMS, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, India

A
sahu.ajay957@gmail.com

T R
Tinidazole is a poorly aqueous soluble drug and hence it is available in very high doses for treatment. The
objective of the present study was to enhance the solubility of tinidazole by preparation of solid dispersions

E
using different grades of excipients: Gelucire 44/14 and Gelucire 50/13. Phase solubility with both grades
was carried out. Solid dispersions were prepared by the method of physical mixing, closed melting

R
method, kneading and coprecipitation. Improvement in saturation solubility, dissolution and dissolution
rate was studied. All complexes were characterized by FTIR and XRD. In phase solubility, both grades
showed an AL type relationship. A considerable improvement in saturation solubility was seen in complexes
prepared by all methods. Comparatively, closed melting and coprecipitation methods were more effective
approaches in solid dispersion design.

O-11

COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS CYCLODEXTRIN

DERIVATIVES IN IMPROVING DELIVERY OF CANDESARTAN
CILEXITIL BY USING NOVEL TECHNIQUE OF FLUIDIZED
E D
T
BED PROCESSING

A C
Bhilegaonkar Shilpa, Gaud Ram
School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, NMIMS, Vile Parle (W),

R
Mumbai 400056, India
shilpabhilegaonkar@gmail.com

E T
Sparingly water soluble drugs such as Candesartan Cilexitil offer challenges in developing drug product
with adequate bioavailability. The objective of the present study was to enhance solubility of Candesartan

R
Cilexitil(CC) by preparing complexes of Candesartan Cilexitil and beta cyclodextrin (BCD), hydroxy
propylated beta cyclodextrin (HPBCD) and gamma cyclodextrin (GCD) .Complexes were prepared in
two ratios of drug: CD (1:1 and 1:2) by novel technique of fluidized bed processing by using pan glatt
processor top spray method. Prepared complexes were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and DSC. All
complexes were evaluated for increase in saturation solubility, dissolution and dissolution rate in 0.1 N
HCL, pH 6.8 phosphate buffer, dissolution medium comprising of pH 6.5 phosphate buffer + 0.35% tween
20 and water. Considerable increase in saturation solubility, dissolution and dissolution rate was observed in

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Paper 2.pmd 25 07/06/2010, 11:41

 ORAL PRESENTATIONS

of Costus speciosus extract decreased testis weight, tubulus seminiferus diameter, number of leydig
cells, sertoli cells, spermatosit cells and spermatid cells at a dose of 400mg/kg body weight but not at
doses of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg.

O-20

THE POTENCY OF GARLIC (Allium sativum) EXTRACT AS

ANTI ALLERGY AGENT IN MICE

Giftania Wardani, I Made Agus YW

Faculty of Pharmacy, Dharmawangsa Dalam Airlangga University Pharmacy of Faculty
Campus B 60286 Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
yoga_uchina@yahoo.co.id

The aim of this research was to know the potency of garlic (Allium sativum) extract as anti allergy in
mice. The mice were divided into the negative control groups (mice were given saline solution perorally);
positive control group (mice were given saline solution perorally and given ovalbumine 1µg/kg BW
intraperitonelly); garlic extract groups (mice were given doses of 100; 200 and 400mg/kg garlic exctract
perorally and given ovalbumine intraperitoneally at dose 1µg/kg BW 60 minute after administration garlic
extract). Results of this research indicated that the positive control significantly increased immunoglobulin
E production compared with control negative. While administration of the garlic exctract at dose 200
and 400mg/kg BW but not garlic exctract at dose 100mg/kg BW significantly inhibited the increase of
immunoglobulin E in mice which were given ovalbumine. These results suggest that garlic exctract
at dose 200 and 400mg/kg BW has antiallergy properties.

O-21

INVESTIGATIONS INTO HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF

Verbesina encelioides BENTH. ROOTS EXTRACT

E D
T
Rakesh K Sindhu, Inderbir Singh, Shridhar Nrayan, Sandeep Arora

C
Key Laboratory for Advanced Phytochemical Screening, Chitkara College of Pharmacy,
Rajpura, Patiala-140401, Punjab, India

A
rakesh.sindhu@chitkara.edu.in

T R
Medicinal plants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus especially in developing
countries where resources are meager. Plant-based drugs have been used against various diseases since
a long time. The nature has provided abundant plant wealth for all the living creatures, which possess

E
medicinal virtues. Therefore, there is a necessity to explore their uses and to conduct pharmacognostic

R
and pharmacological studies to ascertain their therapeutic properties. In fact, nowadays, diabetes is a
global problem. Hence, the present study aims to open new avenues for the improvement of medicinal
uses of Verbesina encelioides Benth. roots for the selected area for diabetes. Dried aqueous and alcoholic
extracts were subjected for hypoglycaemic activity in swiss albino mice (30-40g). Blood sugar level was
determined using digital glucometer. The oral administration of roots extracts at doses of 400mg/kg led to
a significant blood glucose reduction in normal and in Streptozotocin/alloxan-induced diabetic mice
significantly within 4 hours. Continued, daily administration of the drug produced a sustained effect.

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 ORAL PRESENTATIONS

the melting points of PHBV, thermal decomposition of the material via random scission process may
take place leading to shorter chains with terminal carboxyl groups. These terminal carboxyl groups may
trigger chemical reactions with the reactive sites in ENR. This melt reaction may serve as in-situ
compatiblization for these immiscible green polymer blends. Isothermal melt reaction of PHBV with
ENR has been detected at temperatures ranging from 220 to 234°C. The rate of reaction increases with
the increasing isothermal melt reaction temperature (Ta). Merging of the separate glass transition
temperatures (Tg) (corresponding to those of the neat constituents) into one Tg may reflect increasing
adjustment of the two constituents after melt reaction. After melt reaction, finer and uniformly dispersed
of PHBV spherulites in the matrix of ENR are observed. The rate of crystallization of PHBV has been
impeded significantly after melt reaction for all blend compositions. These blends may be proposed as
potential pharmaceutical packaging material.

O-27

GATIFLOXACIN LOADED OCCULAR NANOPARTICULATE

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

E D
T
Mastiholimath VS, Dandagi PM, Gadad AP, Sharma SG

C
Department of Pharmaceutics, KLES University’s College of Pharmacy,
J N M C Campus Belgaum, India

A
mastiholimath@rediffmail.com

T R
Biodegradable colloidal nanoparticles of Polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) have received considerable
attention as a possible means of delivering drugs because of their biocompatibility and resorbability

E
through natural pathways. As the occular efficacy of drugs is greatly influenced by the corneal contact
time, the most promising approach to increase occular bioavailability is to increase pre-corneal residence

R
time by using adequate drug delivery systems. PLGA nanoparticles exhibit highest uptake compare to
larger particles, PLGA nanoparticles are used for enhancement of occular drug absorption and the
controlled release of protein and drug. The aim of the present research study is to formulate PLGA
nanoparticle systems of Gatifloxacin for occular delivery. A modified solvent-evaporation technique was
used to prepare biodegradable and biocompatible PLGA nanoreservoir systems, stabilized by polyvinyl
alcohol (PVA). The prepared nanoparticles were characterized for particle size and size distribution,
zeta potential, drug content and encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release profile. Surface
properties of the nanoparticles were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The designed nanoparticles
showed average particle size from 278-441nm and zeta potential from 21-36mV at pH 7.4. The developed
formulations were therapeutically efficacious, stable, non-irritant and provided sustained release of the
drug over an eight hour period. The developed system was thus a viable alternative to conventional eye
drops.

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 ABSTRACT PROCEEDINGS

O-28

DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A

PARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR ETOPOSIDE

E D
T
Dandagi PM, Mastiholimath VS, Gadad AP, Manvi FV, Patil PS

C
Department of Pharmaceutics, KLEUniversity’s College of Pharmacy, JNMC Campus,
Nehru Nagar, Belgaum-590010, Karnataka

A
pmdandagi@yahoo.com

T R
The present study was aimed to prepare and evaluate polymeric biodegradable nanoparticles of Etoposide
(ETP). Nanoparticles were prepared by modified spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion method
using polylactic-co-glycolide acid (PLGA) as biodegradable matrix. The formulations were then

E
characterized with respect to size and its surface morphology, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in

R
vitro drug release profile, stability studies and in vivo tissue distribution study. The formulated Etoposide-
PLGA nanoparticles were spherical with a diameter ranging from 150nm to 250nm. The lowest entrapment
efficiency was found to be 51.07% and the highest was found to be 62.16%. Highest cumulative percent
drug release was observed with F-8 (85.24%) and lowest with F-1 (44.05%) in 120 hrs. Based on the
highest regression values (R), the best-fit model was Peppa’s for all eight formulations. Formulation F-
8 with optimal particle size, high entrapment efficiency and satisfactory in vitro release was selected for
in vivo studies. The average targeting efficiency of the injected dose of drug loaded nanoparticles was
found to be 11.23 ± 0.13% in liver, 27.72 ± 0.42% in lungs, 10.63 ± 0.27% in kidney and 13.24 ± 0.57%
in spleen whereas accumulation of pure drug in liver was 7.93 ± .2.104%, in lungs it was 8.57 ± 1.724%,
in kidney it was 08.10 ± 0.827% and spleen 11.35 ± 0.503% of the injected dose. The results revealed
that, the drug loaded nanoparticles showed preferential drug targeting to lungs followed by liver, kidney
and spleen. Stability studies indicated that 4°C is the most suitable and ideal temperature for storage of
PLGA nanoparticles. This drug delivery is endowed with several exclusive advantages and hence holds
potential for further research and clinical application.

O-29

FABRICATION OF AN INTEGRATED MICROFLUIDIC

PERFUSION SYSTEM FOR MIXING DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS

Alireza Bahadorimehr, Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis, Jumril Yunas

Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
bahadori1017@yahoo.com

We present a simple and low cost fabrication of Microfluidic mixer for use in different applications in
Micro Total Analysis Systems especially for automated perfusion of multiple solutions to a single cell
culture chamber. This device consists of 6 inlets and 2 outlets with additional 3 inlet/outlet channels for
flow rate alteration and other mixing purposes such as electrophoresis activation, which is capable of
producing mixtures of the various solutions. All the inlets are connected to PTFE and silicone tubings

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 ORAL PRESENTATIONS

using special PDMS fittings technique for fluid leakage avoidance. The inputs are controlled by a
programmable micro-syringe pump in order to activate each input in any sequence of time. Typical
microscopic glass slides are utilized as a substrate for fabrication of microchannels and chamber which
has the minimum effect on most of biology samples. The same un-etched glass is used as cover glass for
bonding purposes. Using photo-resist as an etch mask instead of some deposition methods makes the
procedure more convenient and cost effective compare to other expensive techniques such as DRIE,
etc. The baking time of photo-resist is a critical factor for longer resistance against etchant solution which
is optimized by this method. In addition the etchant concentration in wet etching process is discussed to
achieve a decent surface and wall characteristics for bio-applications. A smooth channel surface with
acceptable sharp wall edges makes this procedure suitable for many applications which vertical walls are
not crucial. Different dye samples were tested inside the chamber and promising results were attained.

O-30

ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF Kigelia pinnata BARK

EXTRACT

E D
T
Abhishek Singh, Umesh kumar Sharma, Umashankar Sharma, Niranjan Sutar,
Vimlesh Misra, Garima Yadav

A
abhishekh_singh171@yahoo.com
C
Department of Pharmacy, Sirmadanlal Group of Institutions, Etawah (U.P.)

T R
The present studies revealed the anticonvulsant activity by PTZ (pentylene tetrazole) and MES (maximal
electro shock) induced convulsions in wistar rats using Kigelia pinnata bark methanolic (KPM) and

E
aqueous (KPA) extracts extracted successively. Alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, tannins,
phenolic compounds, proteins, amino acids, saponins, flavonoids were present in both extracts. 250 mg/

R
kg and 500mg/kg of KPM and KPA were given intraperitonially. The latency of seizures, death time and
percentage of mortality were observed. KPM gave significant protection against the PTZ and MES
induced convulsions (p < 0.0001).

O-31

THE POTENCY OF Mimosa pudica EXTRACT FOR

ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT

I Made Agus YW, Giftania Wardani

Faculty of Pharmacy, Dharmawangsa Dalam Airlangga University Campus B 60286
Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
yoga_uchina@yahoo.co.id

The aim of this research was to know the analgesic and antiinflammatory effect of Putri malu (Mimosa
pudica) exctract. Putri malu extract was evaluated for antiinflammatory effect by carrageen-induced
rat paw inflammation. The analgesic activity was tested by hot plate method in albino mice. The Putri
malu extract in doses of 200 and 400mg/kg BW showed significantly inhibition of paw inflammation. In
the hot plate model, the Putri malu extract at 200 and 400mg/kg BW significantly inhibited the pain after

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 ORAL PRESENTATIONS

associated with bone formation. They reduce fracture incidence by improving bone qualities in addition
to increasing bone mass. Osteoblast plays a crucial role in bone formation through the proliferation and
differentiation. Especially, osteoblast differentiation, an important process for its function, confers marked
rigidity and strength to the bone while still maintaining some degree of elasticity. In order to find the ideal
anabolic agent with stimulation on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as a marker of osteoblast
differentiation, I carried out the screening of 32 Indonesian traditional medicinal plants. Based on the
screening, Barleria lupulina aerial parts, Graptophyllum pictum leaf, and Spilanthes acmella aerial
parts stimulated ALP activity to 139%, 128% and 169% respectively. Based on phytochemistry screening
data, alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and antraquinon were found on Graptophyllum pictum and Spilanthes
acmella. Also terpenoid was found on Spilantes acmella. The hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and
water fraction from Graptophyllum pictum and Spilanthes acmella were evaluated the stimulative
activity on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. ALP activity is a marker of
osteoblast differentiation. Among the tested fractions, the n-butanol and water fraction stimulated ALP
activity to 112% and 122% for Graptophyllum pictum, stimulated ALP activity to 126% and 127% for
Spilanthes acmella.

O-34

GRAFT COPOLYMER (POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE –CO-

ACRYLAMIDE): OPTIMIZATION OF SYNTHESIS,
CHARACTERIZATION AND FILM PROPERTIES STUDY
E D
1

C T
MK Tripathy1, S Tripathy2, S Gupta2, DK Tripathi1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Puncak Alam Campus, University Teknologi MARA(UiTM), Malaysia

A
2
Sri Jayadev College of Pharmaceutical sciences, Naharkanta, Orissa, India
minaketan@salam.uitm.edu.my

T R
Both Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Acrylamide (Acr) are the polymers commonly used in

E
pharmaceutical formulations. To prepare transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), none of these can
be used alone to make a film, so they are mixed with suitable other polymers .The present study deals

R
with the synthesis of a novel copolymer, its characterization and the evaluation of film properties. These
polymers have been reacted under controlled conditions in a specially designed jacketed reaction vessel
and process optimization was done on the basis of variables like initiator (ammonium persulphate)
concentration, the ratio of virgin polymers and physical environment of the reaction vessel to make a
graft copolymer. The principle of polymerization used was atom radical copolymerization. The synthesis
method was optimized for the optimum graft yield by evaluating the effect of the process variables on
the graft yield. The synthesized copolymer has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) to confirm copolymerization. The film was casted with graft copolymer by
solvent evaporation technique using glycerin as plasticizer. The film alone and loaded with the drug
Methotrexate (Mtx) were tested for their water vapor transmission (WVT), moisture absorptivity (MA),
tensile strength (TS), film thickness, flatness and weight variation. The results of the tests revealed that
the copolymer alone can be proposed to be a suitable polymeric material for making patches for drug
delivery specifically for transdermal drug delivery systems.

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 ORAL PRESENTATIONS

containing C8 was produced by lipase catalyzed acidolysis of C8 and VCO. The production of the
SVCO was optimized based on the caprylic acid (%) incorporated in the reaction products using central
composite design (CCD). The in vitro release profiles were assessed using automated vertical diffusion
cells (Microette) with cellulose membrane to simulate skin barrier. a-Tocopherol (5% w/v) was formulated
separately in 15%w/v of the oils in ethanol. Samples were collected hourly for the first eight hours and
then at 24 hours for cumulative drug release profiles using rapid resolution high chromatography. The
synthesized SVCO containing 34.38% caprylic acid showed a more enhanced drug release profiles
within the first 8 hours than VCO. After 24 hours, the cumulative amount of drug release for VCO was
31.02%, while for SVCO the amount was increased to 56.90%. The results indicated that caprylic acid
in the SVCO influenced the in vitro release profiles of the model drug, thus highlighting its potential as a
penetration enhancer of a-tocopherol.

O-37

PHOSPHOLIPID COMPLEX AS A CARRIER OF Kaempferia

galanga RHIZOME EXTRACT TO IMPROVE ITS
ANALGESIC ACTIVITY

Idha Kusumawati, Helmy Yusuf

Department of Pharmakognosy and Phytochemistry, Airlangga University Dharmawangsa
Dalam Surabaya 60286 Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
idha.unair@gmail.com

Preparation of lipophilic complex of Kaempferia galanga rhizome extract using phospholipid was intended
to improve the bioavailability of some compounds in it. These complexes formation showed a good
interaction confirmed by DSC, SEM and FTIR spectroscopy, comparing between the complex to the
one of the individual component (ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, a marker compound of Kaempferia galanga
rhizome) and their mixture (the extract). The analgesic activity, determined using writhing test, showed
an increase in biological activity of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate in comparison with this compound in the
free form at an equivalent dosage. In the contrary happened in the extract. The extract in the free form
showed better activity than its lipophilic complex.

O-38

FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MATRIX TABLETS

E D
OF TRAMADOL USING KATIRA GUM AS RELEASE MODIFIER

C T
A
Inderbir Singh, Rakesh Kumar, Shridhar Narayan, Sandeep Arora
Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway,

T R
Rajpura– 140401, Patiala, Punjab, India
inderbirsingh2906@gmail.com, inderbir.singh@chitkara.edu.in

R E
The present study was aimed to study the drug release retardant property of katira gum in matrix tablets
containing tramadol as a model drug. Katira gum was characterized in terms of pH, viscoisity and

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