1MEA05 Machine Design Practice

Lecture: 1 Introduction to Machine Design

Objectives

! Defining Machine
! Classification of Machines
! Defining Machine Design
! Types of Design
! Design Process

Machine
As per the encyclopedia of Britannica, Machine can be defined as below.

“Machine is an object, having unique purpose, that replace or augment (enhance) the human or
animal effort for the accomplishment of physical task”

Thus machine is a device, which will be useful to human being to achieve some useful purpose in
better manner. This broad definition will covers the simple devices like pulley, levers, wedge, wheel,
screws (five basic simple machines) and the complex mechanical systems like Airplanes, Large
ships etc.

One another way of defining machine is

“ Machine is a combination of mechanisms and other components that transform, transmit or use
the energy, force or motion for the specific purpose”

Machines can be classifies as below

Machines for generating Mechanical Energy

These are the machines known as prime movers. These machines convert some form of energy in
to mechanical energy.
Steam engines, I.C. Engines, Gas turbines are examples of prime movers.

Machines for transforming mechanical energy.

These machines are known as converting machines. These machines convert mechanical energy
into another form of energy.
Electric generator, Hydraulic pumps are the examples of converting machines.

Machines for utilizing mechanical energy

These machines receives mechanical energy and deliver and utilize it to perform some useful work.
Machine tools like lathe, milling machine etc. are the examples of these types of machines.

Machine Design
The word design came from a Latin word designare means to designate or mark out.

Design can be defines as

“Intellectual activities, which leads to organize the human ability and other physical resources to
create things to satisfy the human needs”

M. J. Soni Nirma University of Science & Technology 1 of 4

Institute of Diploma Studies
Lecturer in Mech. Engg.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

1MEA05 Machine Design Practice

This is a broad definition, which will cover the different areas like textile design, architectural design,
interior design for house etc.

Engineering design is a subset of design, which can be defined as

“ Engineering design is an iterative decision making activity to create plans by which resources are
converted into engineering system , process or devices to perform some desirable functions”

Machine design is a branch of engineering design, which primarily concerns with the systems by
which energy is converted into useful mechanical forms.

In a way machine design is nothing but a process of creating useful device or system which are
called machined by application of the knowledge of different core areas of mechanical engineering
like mathematics, kinematics, static, dynamics, strength of material, engineering materials and
engineering drawing.

Types of Design
Machine design can be broadly classifies in following types

Adaptive design
In most of the cases the designer will adapt the existing design and then modify it and make a new
design. These designs are known as adaptive design. In this types of design less special
knowledge or skills are required. The final output of this type of design process is more or less
same as the original design with some minor modifications. For example, designing a bicycle with
speedometer fitted on it can be told as an adaptive design.

Developed design
In this type of design designer start with the exiting design and developed a new design based on
the existing design. But the final outcome of this process is totally different than the original design.
This design process needs more scientific training and special knowledge compare to adaptive
design. For example, development of a washing machine with whirling mechanism from the original
design of rotating mechanism can be told developed design.

New design
In this type of design totally new machine is invented using the basic principles of science. For
example “when conductor is moving in the electric field, electric current will be induced in the
conductor “ is a principle of science and designing an electrical generator based on this principle is
called new design. This design process requires high level of creativity as well as expertise in the
respective areas.

M. J. Soni Nirma University of Science & Technology 2 of 4

Institute of Diploma Studies
Lecturer in Mech. Engg.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

1MEA05 Machine Design Practice

Machine Design Process

Machine design cycle is shown in the following block diagram

Need

Preliminary
Need Statement

Need Analysis

Generation of
Ideas

No Evaluation

Yes

Design
Development

No Evaluation

Prepare Master Assembly Layout

Yes
Subassembly Design
Detailed Design Component Level Design
Design for Manufacturing
Standardization and Optimization
Prototype Building &
Testing

No
Evaluation

Yes
Design Drawing

1. Need Generated

At this stage need is generated from the resources like market survey.

2. Preliminary Need Statement

M. J. Soni Nirma University of Science & Technology 3 of 4

Institute of Diploma Studies
Lecturer in Mech. Engg.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

1MEA05 Machine Design Practice
From the raw need Preliminary need statement is prepared with all the required functional
specification.

3. Need Analysis

Need is analyzed in with respect to feasibility.

4. Generation of Ideas

Different ideas are generated with different mechanisms and sketches are prepared. This
ideas are evaluated with respect to design requirement and finalized.

5. Design Development

From finalized idea, design is developed and once again evaluated against need and
feasibility.

6. Detailed Design

At this stage detailed design is created, which involves selection of materials, deciding the
shape and size of components, manufacturing consideration, standardization etc.

7. Prototype Building

At this stage prototype is developed based on detailed design and tested for the functional
and other operational parameters.

8. Design Drawing & Production

After the evaluation of prototype, final drawings are prepared and released for the
production.

References

1. Design of Machine Elements - C. S. Sharma & Kamlesh Purohit

2. Machine Design - P.C. Sharma & D. K. Agrawal
3. Machine Design - T. V. Sundararaja Moorthy & N. Sanmugam
4. Machine Design - R. L. Norton

M. J. Soni Nirma University of Science & Technology 4 of 4

Institute of Diploma Studies
Lecturer in Mech. Engg.

Department of Mechanical Engineering