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issue is three-dimensionality.
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Cleaning:
Shaping
foramina.
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follows that canal obturation will be no better than the
Biologic Mechanical
BIOLOGIC OBJECTIVES
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2. Avoid pushing contaminated debris past the confines of the
apical constriction.
response.
system.
healing.
4. Establish the exact W.L and completely clean and shape the
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MECHANICAL OBJECTIVES
canal preparation.
taper, and flow only larger. Only too often, canals are
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3. Prepare the canal to taper apically, with the narrowest cross-
matrix).
foramen.
apical instructions.
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External transportations takes 2 Internal transportation occurs
forms and may occur when when the foramen becomes
instrumentation is carried clogged with dentin mud /
beyond the apical matrix. denticles
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Preparatory procedures
curvature.
devices.
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Methods of Cleaning and Shaping
A) Follow:
A) Follow-withdraw
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This motion is used once the foramen has been reched
cavity to foramen.
canal.
B) Cart
radiographic terminus.
C) Carve
Is for shaping.
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The key is not to press the instrument apically but
D) Smooth
rarely required.
E) Patency
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Motion of instrumentation / envelopes of motion:
A) Filing:
Disadvantages:
B) Reaming
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insertion to generate a cutting effect. Instrument # is
C) Turn-and-pull
filling).
Disadvantages:
According to Schilder
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rather, he gradually allows the preparation to progress
D) Watch-winding
canal.
the file tip and working edges into the canal and the
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E) Watch-winding and pull
pull stroke.
into the canal and positions the cutting edges into the
walls.
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Advantages:
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Techniques for preparing root canals:
e.g. Advantages:
- Standardized. Allows early
- Step-back. debridement of the coronal
- Roane (balanced force) part of canal which may
contain bulk of organic
debris.
e.g. :
- Step-down.
- Double-flare.
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- Crown-down pressureless.
- Canal-master
Apical coronal
1) Standardized preparation:
Disadvantages:
- Alteration of WL.
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Reduce the WL length by 1mm and continue to enlarge canal /
flaring.
Recapitulate, irrigate for patency.
Coronal preparation done using GGD.
Disadvantages:
- Extrusion of debris.
- Apical blockage.
- Alteration of W.L.
- Tendency for canal deviations.
apical preparation.
- These dimensions refer to the size of the file used at the third
step back.
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- Each step-back from the master apical file at the PDL is
Disadvantages:
- Ledge formation.
- Apical blockage.
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- Perforation.
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2) Double Flared Technique:
Determine W.L.
Prepare till 14 mm / coronal to the curve.
Irrigate and clean.
Go 1mm deeper, maintaining instrumentation coronal to the
curve and file.
Again 1mm deeper.
Continue till WL is achieved.
Prepare using step-back
Indications:
- For straight canals or
- For straight portions of curved canals.
Contra indications:
- In calcified canals.
- In young permanent teeth with open apices.
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Determine WL and prepare till # 35 till 16mm (widen the canal
with smaller files first)
Reduce size + go down and enlarge till apex.
Change to #40 + repeat.
in dentine removal.
Advantages:
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Hybrid-technique
two-thirds.
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1) Pre-curving of instruments.
2) Anti-curvature filing
Need:
will occur away from the inside of the root curvature in the
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Advantages:
3) Radicular access
filing.
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4) Reversible Flaring / Pre-flaring
out.
Advantages:
- Irrigants are allowed to get down the canal earlier and farther
to produce cleaning.
coronal part.
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- Files, pluggers, filling material can penetrate to the apex
- MeXIM
Designed by MacSpadden.
Ritano Files.
tapers.
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Preparation using Automated Devices
Disadvantages:
Classification:
I) Rotary
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II) Reciprocal quarter turn:
- Endocursor.
rotation.
Disadvantages of Automated
automated.
oral cavity.
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- A controlled power-assisted system designed to eliminate the
1981.
- Dynatrak
III) Vertical
- Canal finder.
movement.
tip).
- Canal Lender.
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3 instrument K-file with a safe ended tip.
H-file.
Universal file (flexible H-file with a safe-ended tip).
IV) Random
- E.g. Excalibur.
- K-files.
- 20,000-25,000rpm.
V) Sonics
- Endostar 5
- Endosonic Air 3000
Advantages:
VI) Ultrasonics
Magnetostrictive Peizoelectric
- No H 2 O cooling
Advantages:
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- Cleaning effect is by acoustic streaming.
BIOMECHANICAL PREPARATION
Contents
Introduction
Methods of Instrumentation
Hand Automated
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