Chapter 2 Cell Structure and Cell Organisation

2.1 Cell Structure and Function

Cellular components of animal and plant cells

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Components of a cell
1. The cellular components of a cell as seen through an electron
microscope are:
(a) plasma membrane (both animal and plant cells) and cell wall (in
plant cell only)
(b) cytoplasm
(c) organelles
2. Organelles are specialised structures which are each surrounded by its
own membrane and perform specific functions.

Cellular Structure Function

component
A Plasma Semi-permeable membrane
membrane at the surface which encloses
the content of a cell.
B Cell wall A rigid outer layer that
surrounds the plasma
membrane of plant cells.
Made of ________________
and fully permeable.
C Cytoplasm Region between the nucleus
and the plasma membrane.
Contains organelles.
It regulates the movement of
substances into and out of the
cytoplasm.
Maintains the _____________ of
the plant cells.
Provides __________________
for the plant cell.
Acts as a _________________
for biochemical reactions in the
cell.

Organelle Structure Function

1 Nucleus Large, dense, spherical It controls all the
organelle enclosed by a _________________ which take
nuclear membrane. place in the cell.

Contains _______________,
______________________,
______________________.
2 Vacuole Fluid-filled sac which is Acts as a storage place in the
surrounded by cell. The vacuole contains
__________________, a ____________, ____________,
semi-permeable membrane. ______________ __________.

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3 Mitochondria Small spherical or cylindrical-
shaped organelles.
4 Ribosomes Compact spherical organelles
found attached to the surface
of rough endoplasmic
reticulum or suspended freely
in the __________________.
5 Endoplasmic A network of folded
reticulum (ER) membranes forming
interconnected tubules or
sacs. The rough ER
membrane is continuous with
the _______________
_______________. Rough
ER has _________________
attached to its surface while
smooth ER does not have
ribosomes.
6 Golgi apparatus A stack of flattened
membranous sacs.
Also called the Golgi body.
Involves in cellular
_________________ to release
energy.
Synthesis of _______________.
Transport system for
_______________ and
_____________ within the cell.
Rough ER – transports proteins
made by the ribosomes to other
parts of the cell.
Smooth ER – sites of important
metabolic reactions, including
synthesis of _______________
and cholesterol, and transport
them within the cell.
As a processing, packaging, and
transporting centre of
carbohydrates, ____________,
_________________________
and _____________________.
• Receives protein and
lipids from ER and
modify them to form
specific secretions such
as enzymes and
hormones.
• Pack the secretions into
vesicles and transport
them to the plasma
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7 Lysosomes Membrane-bound sacs that
contain _________________
____________.
8 Centrioles A pair of small cylindrical
structures located just outside
the nucleus.
Found only in animal cells.
9 Chloroplasts Disc-shaped organelle with
membranous structures in it
which contain
_____________________.
• Structures A, B and C are non-organelles.
• Organelles with double membrane are: ___________________,
_________________, ____________________.
Organelles found in:
Plant and animal cells Animal cell only
membrane to be
secreted.
The enzymes _____________
or ____________ ___________
complex organic molecules such
as proteins and lipids.
Eliminate worn out mitochondria
and other damaged organelles.
Form spindle fibres during
________ ________________ in
animal cell.
Carry out
__________________________.
Plant cell only