Basic card formatting

<Short tag line is bolded>

From <Author’s name>‘s <Date> article “<Article title>“. [<Researcher’s first and last
initials>]
<Author’s initials> is <List credentials>.
<Author’s initials> is <List credentials>.
Etc
<Hyper-linked URL here> [Brackets added for clarity (if applicable)]
“<Paste the quotation text here. Strikethrough text if less than 1 sentance is to be unread. Underline the
readable quote if more than 1 sentence is to be unread.>“

Minimizing biofuels is wrong and distracts

From Nathanael Greene’s April 20,2008 article “The Dangers of the Food Vs. Fuel Debate.”
[EG]
NG has a MS and is a Senior Policy Analyst for the Natural Resources Defense Council.
http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/ngreene/the_dangers_of_the_food_vs_fue.html
“The argument that we should address the starvation being caused by current high prices
through minimizing the production of biofuels from food crops is wrong and distracts us from the real
solutions. This argument is basically calling for addressing world hunger by encouraging
overproduction here in the U.S. (Less corn ethanol means more supply, more supply means lower
prices -- or so the argument goes.) But overproduction in developed countries comes at a high cost to
our environment, to farmers around the world, and ultimately to the economies of the countries with the
most hungry. Overproduction is what we’ve had for decades, and it has crushed farmers in developing
countries around the world. Subsidized overproduction and the resulting cheap food does trickle down
to feed more people, but it’s not sustainable -- nor is it the most effective way to feed the poor.”
Advanced card formatting
<Main or reserve>: <Author‘s last name>,<Last 2 digits of the year>---<Short tag line is bolded>
(<Insert a one word description of what the card is for*>)
From [<Author’s name> OR <Lead author‘s name> et al]‘s <Date> article “<Article title>,“
published by <Publisher‘s name>. [<Researcher’s first and last initials]
<Author’s initials> is <List credentials>.
<Author’s initials> is <List credentials>.
Etc
<Publisher’s goal/vision/purpose/mission statement>
<URL here> [Brackets added for clarity (if applicable)]
“<Paste the quotation text here. Strikethrough text if one sentence or less is to be unread.
Underline the readable quote if more than 1 sentence is to be unread. If the quote is rather long you may make
the unreadable part 10 point font.>“

Main: Taylor, van Doren, 2007--- All US corn = 12% decrease in oil imports (Numbers)
From Jerry Taylor and Peter van Doren’s January 27,2007 article “Ethanol Makes Gasoline
Costlier, Dirtier,” Published by the Cato Institute. [EG]
JT is a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute.He is a member of the International Association for Energy
Economics.He is also an adjunct scholar at the Institute for Energy Research.
PD is a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute.He has taught at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and
International Affairs (Princeton University), the School of Organization and Management (Yale University), and the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. From 1987 to 1988 he was the postdoctoral fellow in political economy at
Carnegie Mellon University.B.A.(Massachusettes Institute of Technology),M.A. and PhD(Yale University)
The Cato Institute is a libertarian think tank.
http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=7308
“If all the corn produced in America last year were dedicated to ethanol production (14.3 percent
of it was), U.S. gasoline consumption would drop by 12 percent. For corn ethanol to completely displace
gasoline consumption in this country, we would need to appropriate all U.S. cropland, turn it
completely over to corn-ethanol production, and then find 20 percent more land for cultivation on top
of that. The U.S. Energy Information Administration believes that the practical limit for domestic ethanol production is
about 700,000 barrels per day, a figure they don't think is realistic until 2030. That translates to about 6 percent of the U.S.
transportation fuels market in 2030.”

NOTE: Main and reserve are tags that help you to choose which card to use. The ‘main’ tag tells you
that it is the main card, and thus the first, you would use in the round.

*Basic list of terms to be used as a marking:

Numbers: Empiric numbers for your argument.
Example: An example of your argument being true.
Warrant: The ‘why’ behind your argument.
Impact: What type of impact something has (e.g. Ethanol increase NOx emissions [so?] which
increases global warming).
Comparison: A comparison between two things, usually your argument and the alternative.
Government: A quote from a government source.
Short: A short card to be used when short on time.
Claim: Your actual argument
Reference: A card that cites another study.
 <Club Name> Full Brief
-<Enter what the plan does here>-
Research by <Enter researcher’s names here>. Organization and analysis by <Enter name of
compiler(s) name here>.

Table of Contents
Strategy notes..................Pg. <insert 1 page> - <insert last page>
st

Topicality.........................Pg. <insert 1 page> - <insert last page>

st

<Argument title>
<Argument title>
<Argument title>
Significance.....................Pg. <insert 1 page> - <insert last page>
st

<Argument title>
<Argument title>
<Argument title> (etc)
Inherency.........................Pg. <insert 1 page> - <insert last page>
st

Solvency...........................Pg. <insert 1 page> - <insert last page>

st

Status quo advantages...................................................................etc

Disadvantages
Minor repairs
Counterplans
Kritiks
Background
Updates (Any late season updates get attached at the end)
Separate all generic groupings by hard page breaks. Strategy notes
should include a list of teams within your region that are running the
case, as well as a few outlines or shells.
This style of brief would include all information available on a case
topic. This brief would then be owned, in soft copy by each team,
who should then use the cards to create a “Specific brief”. (SEE
below).
Significance
Ethanol does/can not reduce US oil consumption
Main: Taylor, van Doren, 2007--- All US corn = 12% decrease in oil imports (Numbers)
From Jerry Taylor and Peter van Doren’s January 27,2007 article “Ethanol Makes Gasoline
Costlier, Dirtier,” Published by the Cato Institute. [EG]
JT is a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute. He is a member of the International Association for Energy Economics.
He is also an adjunct scholar at the Institute for Energy Research.
PD is a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute. He has taught at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and
International Affairs (Princeton University), the School of Organization and Management (Yale University), and the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. From 1987 to 1988 he was the postdoctoral fellow in political economy at
Carnegie Mellon University. B.A.(Massachusetts Institute of Technology),M.A. and PhD(Yale University)
The Cato Institute is a libertarian think tank.
http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=7308
“If all the corn produced in America last year were dedicated to ethanol production (14.3 percent
of it was), U.S. gasoline consumption would drop by 12 percent. For corn ethanol to completely displace
gasoline consumption in this country, we would need to appropriate all U.S. cropland, turn it
completely over to corn-ethanol production, and then find 20 percent more land for cultivation on top
of that. The U.S. Energy Information Administration believes that the practical limit for domestic ethanol production is
about 700,000 barrels per day, a figure they don't think is realistic until 2030. That translates to about 6 percent of the U.S.
transportation fuels market in 2030.”

Reserve: Pimentel, 2008 --- Not enough biomass to supply biofuel needs (Numbers)
From David Pimentel’s February 25,2008 article ”Corn Can’t Save Us,” published by Cornell
University’s Kennebec Journal. [EG]
DP is Professor Emeritus of Entomology, Systematics, and Ecology at Cornell University. He has served as a
consulting ecologist on the White House staff.
The Kennebec Journal is a scholarly journal or science published by Cornell University.
http://kennebecjournal.mainetoday.com/view/columns/4793307.html
“[U]sing corn or any other biomass for ethanol requires huge regions of fertile land, plus
massive amounts of water and sunlight to maximize crop production. All green plants in the U.S. --
including all crops, forests, and grasslands, combined -- collect about 32 quads (32 x 1015 BTU) of
sunlight energy per year. Meanwhile, the American population currently burns more than 3 times that
amount of energy annually as fossil fuels! There isn't even close to enough biomass in America to
supply our biofuel needs.”

Reserve: Santa Barbara, 2007 --- With no corn left for food only max of 16% replaced (Numbers)
From Jack Santa Barbara’s September 2007 article “The False Promise of Biofuels,” published
by the International Forum on Globalization and the Institute for Policy Studies. [EG]
JB is Director of the Sustainable Scale Project Chair, Alternative Energy Working Group of the International
Forum on Globalization.
The International Forum on Globalization (IFG) is a North-South research and educational institution composed
of leading activists, economists, scholars, and researchers providing analyses and critiques on the cultural, social, political,
and environmental impacts of economic globalization,
http://www.ifg.org/pdf/biofuels.pdf
“Another way of estimating the amount of gasoline that could be displaced by ethanol is to
consider how much corn is produced and how much ethanol could be derived from it. Could this be
substantially increased to provide for the U.S.’s liquid fuel needs? Today, approximately 18 percent of
the U.S. corn crop is converted to 4.5 billion gallons of ethanol. This replaces approximately 3 percent
of U.S. oil gasoline consumption. Consequently, even if all of the current corn production were to be
used for ethanol, it would replace only about 16 percent of U.S. gasoline use. There would then be no
corn left for food for either people or livestock, and none to export to other countries who rely on this
U.S. crop as a food staple.”
 <Team name> Negative Brief
-<Enter what the plan does here>-
Research by <Enter researcher’s names here>. Organization and analysis by <Enter name of
compiler(s) name here>.

Index of Arguments *

Opening/closing quotes (# of cards)Pg. <insert 1 page> - <insert last

st

page>
First Negative Constructive
Negative philosophy....Pg. <insert 1 page> - <insert last page>
st

Goals/Countergoals/goal arguments..........Pg. <insert 1 page> - st

<insert last page>

Argument 1: <Insert argument title> (<# of cards>)Pg. <insert
1 page> - <insert last page>
st

Argument 2: <Insert argument title> (<# of cards>)Pg. <insert

1 page> - <insert last page>
st

Argument 3: <Insert argument title> (<# of cards>)Pg. <insert

1 page> - <insert last page>
st

Etc
Cross examination questions...Pg. <insert 1 page> - <insert last
st

page>
Second Negative Constructive
Argument 4<numbers continue from 1NC>: <Insert argument
title> (<# of cards>).....Pg. <insert 1 page> - <insert last page>
st

Etc
Disadvantage 1: <Insert argument title> (<Disadvantage type>)
......................................Pg. <insert 1 page> - <insert last page>
st

Disadvantage 2: <Insert argument title> (<Disadvantage type>)

......................................Pg. <insert 1 page> - <insert last page>
st

Disadvantage 3: <Insert argument title> (<Disadvantage type>)

......................................Pg. <insert 1 page> - <insert last page>
st

Cross examination questions...Pg. <insert 1 page> - <insert lastst

page>
Argument 3:Food prices are not ethanol‘s fault
Stock issue classification: Solvency
Link to goal [Net benefits]: The affirmative can not solve for the other reasons.thus they create no
benefit through there plan. While removing ethanol may create an advantage, it will be minuscule and
insignificant.

Main: Ethanol accounts for very little of the price raise

Reserve: We saw a similar price increase in the ‘70’s and there was little ethanol production then.
Reserve: Demand in India and China
Reserve: Poor Weather for Crops
Reserve: Price increase of other energies

Main: Lazear, 2008 --- Ethanol accounts for very little of the price raise (Numbers)
From Edward Lazear’s May 14,2008 testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Hearing. [EG]
EL has a Ph.D. and is Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors.
The CEA is an agency within the Executive Office of the President, is charged with offering the President objective
economic advice on the formulation of both domestic and international economic policy. The Council bases its
recommendations and analysis on economic research and empirical evidence, using the best data available to support the
President in setting our nation's economic policy.
http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2008/LazearTestimony080514a.pdf
“Combining the increases in ethanol production in the U.S. and the rest of the world, we
estimate that the total global increase in corn-based ethanol production accounts for about 13 percentage points of the
37% increase in corn prices, or about one-third of the increase in corn prices over the past year.Let me put this in context.
Because corn only represents a small fraction of the IMF Global Food Index, we estimate that the increase in total
corn-based ethanol production has pushed up global food prices by about 1.2 percentage points of the
43% increase in global food prices, or about 3% of the increase over the past twelve months.”

Reserve: Lazear, 2008 --- We saw a similar price increase in the ‘70’s and there was little ethanol
production then (Comparison)
From Edward Lazear’s May 14,2008 testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Hearing. [EG]
EL has a Ph.D. and is Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors.
The CEA is an agency within the Executive Office of the President, is charged with offering the President objective
economic advice on the formulation of both domestic and international economic policy. The Council bases its
recommendations and analysis on economic research and empirical evidence, using the best data available to support the
President in setting our nation's economic policy.
http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2008/LazearTestimony080514a.pdf
“Global food inflation was 43% during the 12 months ending in March, 2008. While this rate is
high, it is not unprecedented. Similar rates were seen in the mid-70s and other periods have
experienced high world food-price inflation. But that makes the current situation no less difficult.”

Reserve: Bodman, Schafer, 2008 --- Demand in India and China (Warrant)
From Samuel Bodman and Edward Schafer’s June 2008 article “Responses to Questions“.
[HA]
SB is the Secretary of Energy
ES is the Secretary of Agriculture
“Responses to Questions From Senator Bingaman”
http://www.ethanol.org/pdf/contentmgmt/USDA_DOE_biofuels_letter_61208.pdf
"Higher incomes, population growth, and depreciation of the dollar are increasing the demand
for processed foods and meat in rapidly growing developing countries such as India and China. These
shifts in diets are leading to major changes in international trade. For example, U.S. com exports are
projected to reach a record of 2.S billion bushels in 2007/08 despite record high com prices."

Reserve: Bodman, Schafer, 2008 --- Poor Weather for Crops (Warrant)
From Samuel Bodman and Edward Schafer’s June 2008 article “Responses to Questions“.
[HA]
SB is the Secretary of Energy
ES is the Secretary of Agriculture
“Responses to Questions From Senator Bingaman”
http://www.ethanol.org/pdf/contentmgmt/USDA_DOE_biofuels_letter_61208.pdf
"Drought and dry weather have affected grain production in Australia, Canada, Ukraine, the
European Union, and the United States in 2007/08. These weather events have helped to deplete world
grain stocks. The tight stocks situation is leading to increasing concerns that prices could move sharply
higher if this year's harvest falls below expectations. These concerns are causing some importers to
purchase for future needs, pushing prices higher."

Reserve: Bodman, Schafer, 2008 --- Price increase of other energies (Warrant)
From Samuel Bodman and Edward Schafer’s June 2008 article “Responses to Questions“.[HA]
SB is the Secretary of Energy
ES is the Secretary of Agriculture
“Responses to Questions From Senator Bingaman”
http://www.ethanol.org/pdf/contentmgmt/USDA_DOE_biofuels_letter_61208.pdf
"Record high prices for diesel fuel, gasoline, natural gas, and other forms of energy affect costs
throughout the food production and marketing chain. Higher energy prices increase producers'
expenditures for fertilizer and fuel, driving up farm production
costs and reducing the incentive for farmers to expand production in the face of record high prices.
Higher energy prices also increase food processing, marketing, and retailing costs. These higher costs,
especially if maintained over a long period, tend to be passed on to consumers in the form of higher
retail prices."

Cross examination questions

Argument 3: Food prices are not ethanol’s fault
What percentage of the food price increases have been because of ethanol?
Isn’t it true that in the 1970’s there was little ethanol use in the US?
Isn’t it further true that we had a very similar price spike in the 70’s?
Isn’t it true that Chinese and Indian food demand has increased drastically in the last 2 years?
Aren’t Australia, Canada, Ukraine, the EU, and the US the main exporters of corn worldwide?
And weren’t those nations effected by bad growing seasons this year?

NOTE: Cards may cross over two pages, but do not allow for “widow” lines (where only one line of
text is at the bottom of the page and the remainder on the following page), put an extra space in
between so that the entire card appears on the second page.