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INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................2
Engine:...............................................................................................................3
Otto cycle:..........................................................................................................3
WORKING FORMULAS.............................................................................................5
CALCULATION........................................................................................................6
TABLE..................................................................................................................10
CHART..................................................................................................................11
...........................................................................................................................16
REFERENCE..........................................................................................................16
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INTRODUCTION
About Hyundai SANTRO:
The Hyundai India plant located in Irungattukottai, 30
kilometers from Chennai was built in record time. The plant is
first self-sufficient manufacturing unit in India to be
independently invested by an overseas automobile company.
Incorporated in May 1996, the groundbreaking ceremony for
the Chennai plant was held in December in the same year, and
the first pilot Santro was ready in a record-breaking 17 months.
The plant which stands on a 500+acre plot has been built with
an initial investment of more than Rs. 2500 crores. It has a
capacity to make 120,000 cars and 130,000 engine
transmission units per annum and is the largest overseas
investment made by the Korean Company.
Engine:
Hyundai's Santro Xing cars used the G4HG Epsilon Engine.
The G4HG engine is a 1.1 L (1086 cc) version with a 67 mm
bore and 77 mm stroke. Maximum output power is 64 hp
(48 kW) at 5500 rpm while maximum torque is 9.6 kgf·m
(94 N·m) at 3000 rpm.
Otto cycle:
The figure shows a p-V diagram of the Otto cycle. Using
the engine stage numbering system, we begin at the lower left
with Stage 1 being the beginning of the intake stroke of the
engine. The pressure is near atmospheric pressure and the gas
volume is at a minimum. Between Stage 1 and Stage 2 the
piston is pulled out of
the cylinder with the
intake valve open. The
pressure remains
constant, and the gas
volume increases as
fuel/air mixture is
drawn into the cylinder
through the intake
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2. Torque
4. Mass of fuel
6. Indicated Power
Assuming 12% of the cylinder power is wasted in friction. Only
88% of the indicated power is obtained as brake power.
Therefore,
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7. Friction Power
Friction power=Indicated power-Brake power
CALCULATION
rc = V1/V2
= (Vc + Vd)/Vc
=1+(Vd/Vc)
i.e. Vc = Vd/(rc-1)
=271.5x10-6/ (10-1)
=30.16 x10-6 m3
State 1:
Assuming the intake temperature = 600C =333 k
T1 =333K
P1 =101 KPa
V1 =Vd+ Vc
=301.67 x10-6 m3
And, Mass of air
ma = P1 V1/R T1
= (101kPa)(0.00030167 m3)/(0.287 kJ/kg-k)(333
k)
=3.188 x10-4 Kg
P2 = P1 (rc)k
= (101 KPa)(10)1.4
1
= 2537 KPa
T2 =T1 (rc)k-1
= 333 (10).4
=836.45 K
State 3:
[Taking heating value of fuel(petrol)= 42 MJ]
Qin = mf QHV= mm cv (T3-T2)
or, QHV = (mm//mf ) cp (T3-T2)
or, T3 = { QHV/cv (AF+1) }+T2
= 4048.98 K
Where,
AF=15:1
P3 = P2T3/T2
= 2537x4048.98 / 836.45
= 12280.78 KPa
T4 = T3(V3/V4)k-1
= T3/rck-1
= 4048.98/100.4
= 1611.92 K
And,
P4 = P3/(V3/V4)k
= P3/ rck
= 12280.78 / 101.4
= 488.90 KPa
Also,
Qin per Kg = cv (T3-T2)
= 0.718 (4048.98 – 836.45)
= 2305.89 KJ/Kg
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Hence,
The net Work done per cycle (Wnet )
=1388.28 x 3.188 x10-4
=442.58 J
Mass of fuel,
Mf = ma / AF
= 3.188 x10-4 / 15
= 2.12 x10-5 Kg
Indicated power:
Total work done by 4 cylinders for 3000 rpm (ie. 1500
working cycle per min) is calculated as:
Wip = 442.58*4*1500/60
= 44.25 KWatt
Brake power:
Assuming, mechanical efficiency of engine is 88%. Then
ηmech = Wb / Wip
Wb = ηmech * Wip
= .88 * 44.25
= 38.94 Kwatt =P
This brake power is power available at crankshaft at 3000
rpm.
Torque:
Torque produced at 3000 rpm is
T = P* 60 / (2* 3.14 *N)
= 38.94 * 1000 * 60 / (2* 3.14 *3000)
= 124.01 Nm
But, as per the data given from the Hyundai Company, the
value of torque at 3000 rpm is 94 Nm which is less than the
value just calculated above. This change in value may be due
to high value assumption of mechanical efficiency. That means
in actual, value of mechanical efficiency is less than 88%.
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TABLE
S. N Pmax(kW Npmax N/Npma Pbrake(kW T(Nm) Mmix(g) Mf(g/s) sfc(g/kW IP(kW) Pfric(kW
N ( Rpm) ) (rpm) x ) h) )
1 500 48.00 5500 0.091 4.724 90.22 0.3188 0.089 253.055 5.368 0.644
2 1000 48.00 5500 0.182 10.026 95.72 0.3188 0.177 238.491 11.393 1.367
3 1500 48.00 5500 0.273 15.687 99.86 0.3188 0.266 228.622 17.827 2.139
4 2000 48.00 5500 0.364 21.494 102.61 0.3188 0.354 222.485 24.425 2.931
5 2500 48.00 5500 0.455 27.228 103.99 0.3188 0.443 219.538 30.941 3.713
6 3000 48.00 5500 0.545 32.673 103.99 0.3188 0.531 219.538 37.129 4.455
7 3500 48.00 5500 0.636 37.614 102.61 0.3188 0.620 222.485 42.743 5.129
8 4000 48.00 5500 0.727 41.833 99.86 0.3188 0.708 228.622 47.538 5.705
9 4500 48.00 5500 0.818 45.115 95.72 0.3188 0.797 238.491 51.267 6.152
10 5000 48.00 5500 0.909 47.243 90.22 0.3188 0.886 253.055 53.685 6.442
11 5500 48.00 5500 1.000 48.000 83.33 0.3188 0.974 273.969 54.545 6.545
12 6000 48.00 5500 1.091 47.171 75.06 0.3188 1.063 304.130 53.603 6.432
13 6500 48.00 5500 1.182 44.538 65.42 0.3188 1.151 348.950 50.611 6.073
14 7000 48.00 5500 1.273 39.886 54.40 0.3188 1.240 419.623 45.325 5.439
15 7500 48.00 5500 1.364 32.998 42.01 0.3188 1.328 543.446 37.497 4.500
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CHART
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF SANTRO:
Santro Xing eRLX
Overall Length (mm) 3565
Overall Width (mm) 1525
Overall Height (mm) 1590
Wheelbase (mm) 2380
DIMENSIONS
Min Turning Radius (m) 4.4
854(M/T)
Kerb Weight (Kg)
868(A/T)
Fuel Tank Capacity (L) 35
No. of Cylinders 4
No. of valves 12
Valve train (type ) SOHC
Displacement (cc) 1086
ENGINE
Maximum Power
48 @5500
(KW/rpm)
Max. Torque (Nm/rpm) 94 @ 3000
Compression ratio 10:1
McPherson Strut
Front Suspension
with Stabilizer Bar
Torsional Beam
Axle , 3 Link
SUSPENSION
Rear Suspension Offset Coil Spring
& Hydraulic
Damper
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REFERENCE
• Hyundai Showroom
• Internal Combustion Engine – Willard W. Pulkrabek
• Notes and ppt from Prof. Dr. Bhakta Bahadur Ale Sir.
• Website
o www.google.com
o www.wikipedia.com
o www.cybersteering.com
o www.iloveindia.com
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