Energy Efficiency Through Waste Heat Recovery

Heat Recovery Centrifugal Chillers

and Templifier™ Water Heaters
Innovative Solutions for Saving Energy

McQuay offers two innovative methods of saving energy by
obtaining hot water from the cooling cycle or other waste heat
source: the Templifier™ product and Centrifugal Chillers with
Heat Recovery Condensers. Both products save significant energy
by converting readily available or usually discarded heat to more
useful, higher temperatures for efficiently heating the building or
domestic hot water.
The Coefficient of Performance (COP) concept is what
makes these systems economically practical. They offer COPs
ranging up to 8 or higher; meaning that when one unit of
purchased electric power is combined with seven units of waste
heat, the result is 8 units of useful heat.
A Cost-Effective Investment for Your
Application
In the right applications, the savings from waste heat
recovery can have a payback of less than two years. In addition,
ASHRAE 90.1-1999 Energy Standard (6.3.6.2 Heat Recovery for
Water Heating) requires that recovered heat be used for service
hot water heating and reheat in many buildings.
• Elevating water temperatures from a ground source to higher
temperatures for space heating
• Applications where fossil fuel is not economical, available or
desirable for emission reasons
Economic Considerations
For heat recovery chillers to be effective, a sufficient
quantity of chilled water load is required when heating is
required. Templifiers require a continuous source of lower
temperature waste heat when higher temperature heating is
needed.
For example, a hospital is an excellent candidate where
continuous simultaneous heating and cooling occur. Hospitals
have large domestic hot water needs and large amounts of
conditioned outside air. Conversely, a department store is not a
candidate for heat recovery or a Templifier unit. The store is
either heating or cooling (rarely simultaneously) with small
domestic water heating loads.

Any application requiring heat is a candidate to reduce

energy costs with Templifier units or heat recovery centrifugal
chillers.

• Domestic hot water for hotels and laundries

• Industrial processes requiring both heating and cooling or

having a source of waste heat

• Hospitals and other health care facilities

• Make-up air for schools and factories

• Reheat applications for humidity control including museums

and art galleries
Facilities with high domestic hot water usage, such as
• Heat source for the central loop of a water source heat pump hotels, can benefit from the energy savings in condenser
water heat recovery systems.
system

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McQuay Templifier Water Heaters
A unique solution for efficient hot water heating

Templifier Water Heaters remove heat in their evaporator from a waste heat source. By using the mechanical refrigeration
cycle, the low-grade heat in the evaporator is increased to a higher, more useful temperature in the condenser and delivered to
the heat load. A common application is to use the leaving condenser water from a traditional chiller at 95°F (35°C) as the heat
source. The Templifier unit can then elevate the waste heat temperature and supply heat up to 160°F (71°C), efficiently making
this hot water available for many practical uses, while reducing energy costs.

Comparing Reciprocating and Centrifugal Templifier Water Heaters

Reciprocating, Model THR Centrifugal, Model TSC
Heating Capacity Range 500 to 3,000 MBH 3,000 to 24,000 MBH
150 to 880 kW 880 to 7,000 kW
Maximum Hot Water Temperature 160°F (71°C) 140°F (60°C)
Refrigerant R-22, R-134a R-134a
Both Heating and Cooling Available Yes No

Templifier Water Heater Benefits

• Can recover large amounts of heat that would otherwise be rejected from the building and then use it for either building heat
or domestic hot water heating.

• Heats water more economically than fossil fuel fired boilers or electric resistance heaters.

• Can off-load overloaded boilers and/or cooling towers, thereby delaying or eliminating a capital expenditure required to
increase their capacity.

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Templifier Water Heater System Operation

The system above is typical of a Templifier Water Heater recovering cooling load heat rejection from a conventional chiller’s
condenser water on the way to the cooling tower. The unit is sized to meet the heating load and often takes only a small part of the
condenser water flow; consequently, the bypass line around it. The cooling tower rejects any leftover heat to the atmosphere.

Templifier Water Heaters are controlled by the heating load and cool the warm source water in the evaporator as required by the
heating load. They generally do not make “chilled water”, but extract heat from sources such as cooling tower water, ground water,
solar heated water or industrial waste streams. Unlike a heat recovery chiller, they are controlled by the heating load and therefore only
use the amount of energy required to meet the load.

Templifier Water Heaters can be justified in new construction or retrofits, paying for themselves out of energy cost savings,
compared to fossil fuel boilers or electric resistance heaters.

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Typical Templifier Applications

5
McQuay Heat Recovery Chillers

Heat Recovery Chiller

How Heat Recovery Chillers Save Energy
The centrifugal chiller with heat recovery uses a second bundle of
tubes in the condenser to recover heat that would normally be lost in the
Evaporator
Connections cooling towers. The tower side tubes and the heat recovery side tubes are
in parallel in a common shell side. The compressor’s hot refrigerant gas
passes over both sets.

A heat recovery chiller is first and foremost a chiller, producing

chilled water and controlled by the cooling load. The hot water
temperature is controlled by artificially keeping the tower water
temperature elevated through the use of the tower bypass valve.

The useful heating output of these units can vary from zero (all heat
to the tower) to all of the heat (cooling load plus the compressor power),
converted to useful heat.
Tower
Heat Recovery Connections All of the heat rejection of the chiller is at the elevated heating water
Connections
temperature. These units are optimized economically when most of the
total heat rejection is utilized for useful heating, most of the time.

The electric cost of the heat is all the incremental compressor input power required to make the hot water; i.e., the power at
the high water temperature, minus the power that would be required for a conventional chiller operating at a lower, optimized tower
water temperature. Remember that all the compressor power is at the higher kW per ton.

Benefits of Heat Recovery Chillers

• Potential for excellent return-on-investment. Heating COPs can
be as high as 20.

• Relatively low first cost. The addition of a second set of

condenser tubes, and the cost of pipe and fittings to connect
up, are the only extra cost added to a standard chiller.

• Reduced fossil fuel use. A Btu of energy from natural gas or oil
produces much more useful heat when used to generate 20
COP of electricity than when used in a boiler. Often the electric
energy is nuclear or hydroelectric sourced, meaning no fossil
fuel at all is used for heating.

• McQuay centrifugal chillers use R-134a refrigerant which is

environmentally friendly with no phase-out schedule.

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Heat Recovery Centrifugal Chiller System Operation

The temperature of the heating water is controlled indirectly by controlling the tower water temperature. The temperature
controller positions the tower bypass valve to establish the desired hot water temperature. Since both condenser bundles are in
the same refrigerant gas stream, they will both leave the condenser at the same temperature.

Analyzing the Economic Justification for Templifier Water

Heaters and Heat Recovery Chillers
Proper sizing and economic justification for heat recovery chillers and
the Templifier product can be done by the McQuay Energy Analyzer™
DesignTools
Program. Just input the building parameters, choose the proper HVAC system ENERGY ANALYZER™
Applied Terminal Systems Unit Controllers
Version 3.0

type, and let the program do the system simulation. The following operating
conditions improve the economic feasibility:
• As warm as possible source water for Templifier units or chilled water for
heat recovery chillers.
• Output hot water temperature as low as possible.
• Constant availability of a cooling load for heat recovery chillers or heat
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• Low electricity cost compared to higher priced fossil fuels.

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 Technical Specifications

Model THR Reciprocating Templifier Water Heater

THR Model Number Heating Capacity (MBH) COP Sound Power (dBA) Dimensions
040 571 5.9 78 117x34x63
045 659 6.0 79 117x34x63
050 780 5.7 80 117x34x63
060 880 5.9 80 117x34x64
070 1070 5.6 82 117x34x64
080 1162 5.6 82 117x34x64
085 1282 5.8 84 116x34x67
090 1375 5.9 85 116x34x67
095 1446 5.8 86 143X34x77
100 1537 5.8 86 143X34x77
110 1684 5.7 87 143X34x77
115 1709 5.8 87 143X34x77
120 1844 5.7 87 143X34x77
130 2004 5.6 88 143X34x77
145 2167 5.8 88 143X34x77
155 2277 5.7 88 143X34x77
165 2465 5.7 89 143X34x77
175 2682 5.7 90 143X34x77
185 2782 5.9 90 146X35x79
195 2971 5.8 92 146X35x79
210 3180 5.8 92 146X35x79
NOTE: Capacity is based on 75° leaving source temperature, and a 10-degree temperature drop in the evaporator. Leaving condenser water temperature is 120°F with a 10-degree
temperature rise.
Model TSC Centrifugal Templifier Water Heater
TSC Model Number Heating Capacity (MBH) COP Sound Power (dBA) Dimensions L x W x H
063 4632 5.2 85 169x63x80
079 6336 5.0 88 175x71x88
087 8040 5.6 95 175x101x100
100 13848 5.6 89 175x101x99
126 16380 5.3 94 181x119x106
NOTE: Capacity is based on 75°F leaving source temperature, and a 10-degree temperature drop in the evaporator. Leaving condenser water temperature is 130°F with a 10-degree
temperature rise.

Model HSC Centrifugal Templifier Heat Recovery Chillers

HSC Model Number Cooling Capacity Range (Tons) Heating Capacity Range (MBH) Approx-Heating COP Dimensions L x W x H
063 150 – 250 2205 - 3675 20 175x57x94
079 275 – 400 4042 - 5880 20 175x 84x109
087 400 – 550 5880 - 8085 20 175x104x106
100 550 – 750 8085 - 11025 20 175x104x106
126 750 - 1200 11025 - 17640 20 175x126x118
NOTE: Capacity is based on 45°F leaving chilled water, and a 10-degree temperature drop in the evaporator. Leaving condenser water temperature is 105°F with a 10-degree temperature
rise. COP based on 100% of chiller load being recovered.

©2002 McQuay International • (800) 432-1342 • www.mcquay.com A/SP HR (01/03)