Recycling 

involves processing used materials (waste) into new products to prevent waste of potentially

useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air
pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from landfilling) by reducing the need for "conventional"
waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to virgin production.[1][2] Recycling is a
key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle" waste hierarchy.

Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass, paper, metal, plastic, textiles, and electronics. Although

similar in effect, the composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste – such as food or garden waste –
is not typically considered recycling.[2] Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or
picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials bound for
manufacturing.

In a strict sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material—for example,
used office paper would be converted into new office paper, or used foamed polystyrene into new
polystyrene. However, this is often difficult or too expensive (compared with producing the same product
from raw materials or other sources), so "recycling" of many products or materials involves their reuse in
producing different materials (e.g.,paperboard) instead. Another form of recycling is the salvage of certain
materials from complex products, either due to their intrinsic value (e.g., leadfrom car batteries,
or gold from computer components), or due to their hazardous nature (e.g., removal and reuse
of mercury from various items). Critics dispute the net economic and environmental benefits of recycling
over its costs, and suggest that proponents of recycling often make matters worse and suffer
from confirmation bias. Specifically, critics argue that the costs and energy used in collection and
transportation detract from (and outweigh) the costs and energy saved in the production process; also
that the jobs produced by the recycling industry can be a poor trade for the jobs lost in logging, mining,
and other industries associated with virgin production; and that materials such as paper pulp can only be
recycled a few times before material degradation prevents further recycling. Proponents of recycling
dispute each of these claims, and the validity of arguments from both sides has led to enduring
controversy.

Cycling, also called bicycling or biking, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, or for sport.

[1]
 Persons engaged in cycling arecyclists.[2] or bicyclists.[3] Apart from ordinary two-wheeled bicycles,
cycling also includes riding unicycles, tricycles, quadracycles, and other similar human-powered
vehicles (HPVs).

Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century and now number about one billion worldwide.[4] They are the
principal means of transportation in many regions.
Cycling is an extremely efficient mode of transportation[5] optimal for short to moderate distances. Bicycles
provide numerous benefits compared to motor vehicles, including exercise, an alternative to the use of
fossil fuels, no air or noise pollution, much reduced traffic congestion and likelihood of causing a fatality,
easier parking, greater maneuverability, and access to both roads and paths. The advantages are at less
financial cost to the user as well as society (negligible damage to roads, and less pavement required).
[6]
 Criticisms and disadvantages of cycling include reduced protection in crashes, particularly with motor
vehicles,[7] longer travel time (except in densely populated areas), vulnerability to weather conditions,
difficulty in transporting passengers, and the skill and fitness required

Environmentalism can also be seen as a social movement that seeks to influence the political process by
lobbying, activism, and education in order to protect natural resources andecosystems.
An environmentalist is a person who may speak out about our natural environment and the sustainable
management of its resources through changes in public policy or individual behavior by supporting
practices such as not being wasteful. In various ways (for example, grassroots activism and protests),
environmentalists and environmental organizationsseek to give the natural world a stronger voice in
human affairs.[2]

[edit]History

Causes of deteriorationCurrent Japanese environmental policy and regulations were the consequence
of a number of environmental disasters in 1950s and 1960s. Cadmium poisoning from industrial waste
inToyama Prefecture was discovered to be the cause of the extremely painful itai-itai disease (イタイイタイ
病 Itai itai byō?, lit. "ouch ouch sickness") which causes severe pain in the back and joints, contributes to
brittle bones that fracture easily, and degeneration of the kidneys. Recovery of cadmium effluent halted
the spread of the disease, and no new cases have been recorded since 1946. In the 1960s, thousands of
inhabitants of Minamata City in Kumamoto Prefecture were poisoned by methylmercury drained from
the chemical factory, known as theMinamata disease. The number of casualties in Minamata is 6,500 as
of November 2006.

In Yokkaichi, a port in Mie Prefecture, air pollution caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen

dioxide emissions led to a rapid increase in the number of people suffering from asthma andbronchitis. In
urban areas photochemical smog from automotive and industrial exhaust fumes also caused the rise in
respiratory problems. In the early 1970s, chronic arsenic poisoning attributed to dust from arsenic mines
occurred in Shimane and Miyazaki prefectures.

Consumers Union of Japan was founded in 1969 to deal with health problems and false claims by
companies, as Japan's rampant industrial development was seen as causing problems for consumers
and citizens. In the 1970s, Consumers Union of Japan led the opposition to nuclear power, calling for a
nation-wide Anti-Nuclear Power Week Campaign.
.

Waste management
Japan has of recent taken a much more proactive approach to waste management. In particular,
Japanese city and prefectural authorities have focused on the reduction of solid waste going to landfill.
This of course is in response to the lack of affordable space available for landfill sites. Their approach
relies heavily on four major factors: 1) technological advancements in incineration 2) technological
advancements in plastics recycling 3) Comprehensive production-side recycle stream package labeling
and 4) wide consumer-side/household participation in recycling and waste material separation
("bunbetsu").

[edit]Global warming
Main article:  Climate change in Japan

As a signatory of the Kyoto Protocol, and host of the 1997 conference which created it, Japan is under
treaty obligations to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions level by 6% less than the level in 1990,[6] and to
take other steps related to curbing climate change. Japan is the world’s fifth biggest emission
emitter [7] The Cool Biz campaign introduced under former Prime Minister of Japan Junichiro Koizumi was
targeted at reducing energy use through the reduction of air conditioning use in government offices.

[edit]Nuclear policy
See also:  Nuclear power in Japan

Japan maintains one third of its electric production from nuclear power plants. While majorities of citizens
generally support the use of existing nuclear reactors,[8] some raise objections against the plan to
construct further plants.

The treatment of radioactive wastes also became a subject of discussion in Japan. New spent-nuclear-
fuel reprocessing plant was constructed in Rokkasho in 2008, the site of theunderground nuclear-waste
repository for the HLW and LLW has not yet decided. Some local cities announced a plan to conduct an
environmental study at the disposal site, but citizens' groups oppose strongly against the plan.

[edit]Fishery and whaling

Main articles:  Fishing industry in Japan and  Whaling in Japan

In the Japanese diets, fish and its products are more prominent than other types of meat. Because of the
depletion of ocean stocks in the late 20th century, Japan's total annual fish catch has been diminishing
rapidly. Japan, along with the United States and the European Union, occupies the large part of
international fish trade.[9] Japanese fish catches were the third in the world in 2000, following China and
Peru. The United States, Chile, Indonesia, the Russian Federation and India were other major countries.
[10]
By 2004, the number of adult Atlantic bluefin tuna capable of spawning had plummeted to roughly 19
percent of the 1975 level in the western half of the ocean. Japan has a quarter of the world supply of the
five big species: bluefin, southern bluefin, bigeye, yellowfin and albacore.[11]

After the moratorium on commercial whaling in 1986, Japanese government started its whaling for
research purposes the following year. This whaling program has been criticized by environmental
protection groups and anti-whaling countries, who say that the program is not for scientific research.

[edit]Urban planning

Densely packed buildings in Hamamatsucho, Tokyo.

The massive nationwide rebuilding efforts in the aftermath of World War II, and the development of the
following decades, led to even further urbanization and construction. The construction industry in Japan is
one of its largest, and while Japan maintains a great many parks and other natural spaces, even in the
hearts of its cities, there are few major restrictions on where and how construction can be
undertaken. Alec Hyde and Eugene Victoria, in their books "Lost Japan" and "Dogs & Demons",[12] is one
of a number of authors who focuses heavily on the environmental problems related to Japan's
construction industry, and the industry's lobbying power preventing the introduction of stricter zoning laws
and other environmental protection efforts.

[edit]Electronic waste management

Main article:  Electronic waste in Japan

Green Infrastructure is a concept originating in the United States in the mid-1990s that

highlights the importance of the natural environment in decisions about land use
planning.[1][2] In particular there is an emphasis on the "life support" functions provided
by a network of natural ecosystems, with an emphasis on interconnectivity to support
long-term sustainability. Examples include clean waterand healthy soils, as well as the
more anthropocentric functions such as recreation and providing shade and shelter in
and around towns and cities.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has extended the concept to
apply to the management of stormwater runoff at the local level through the use of
natural systems, or engineered systems that mimic natural systems, to treat
polluted runoff.[3][4] This use of the term "green infrastructure" to refer to urban
"green" best management practices (BMPs), although not central to the larger concept,
does contribute to the over health of natural ecosystems.

Contents
 [hide]

1 Planning approach
o 1.1 UK
applications
o 1.2 US
applications
2 GIS applications
3 See also
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links

[edit]Planning approach
The Green Infrastructure approach analyses the natural environment in a way that
highlights its function and subsequently seeks to put in place, through regulatory or
planning policy, mechanisms that safeguard critical natural areas. Where life support
functions are found to be lacking, plans may propose how these can be put in place
through landscaped and/orengineered improvements.[5] The term "green infrastructure"
is sometimes expanded to "multifunctional" green infrastructure. Multifunctionality in this
context refers to the integration and interaction of different functions or activities on the
same piece of land. This is key to the efficient and sustainable use of land, especially in
a compact and bustling country like Englandwhere pressures on land are particularly
acute. An example might be an urban edge river flood plain which provides a repository
for flood waters, acts as a nature reserve, provides a recreational green space and
could also be productively farmed (probably through grazing).
[edit]UK applications
In the United Kingdom, Green Infrastructure planning is increasingly recognised as a
valuable approach for spatial planning and is now seen in national, regional and local
planning and policy documents and strategies, for example in the Milton
Keynes and South Midlands Growth area.[6]

In 2009, guidance on green infrastructure planning was published by Natural England,

and can be accessed online at [1] This guidance promotes the importance of green
infrastructure in 'place-making', i.e. in recognising and maintaining the character of a
particular location, especially where new development is planned.[7]

In North West England the former Regional Spatial Strategy had a specific Green

Infrastructure Policy (EM3 - Green Infrastructure) as well as other references to the
concept in other land use development policies (e.g. DP6).[8] The policy was supported
by the North West Green Infrastructure Guide.[9] The Green Infrastructure Think Tank
(GrITT) provides the support for policy development in the region and manages the web
site that acts as a repository for information on Green Infrastructure.[10]

The Natural Economy Northwest programme has supported a number of projects,

commissioned by The Mersey Forest to develop the evidence base for green
infrastructure in the region. In particular it has work has been undertaken to look at the
economic value of green infrastructure, the linkage between grey and green
infrastructure and also to identify areas where green infrastructure may play critical role
in helping to overcome issues such as risks of flood or poor air quality.
[edit]US applications

Alley renovated with permeable paving located in Chicago, Illinois.

Green infrastructure programs managed by EPA and partner organizations are intended
to improve water quality generally through more extensive management of stormwater
runoff. The practices are expected to reduce stress on traditional
water drainage infrastructure--storm sewers and combined sewers--which are typically
extensive networks of underground pipes and/or surface water channels in U.S. cities,
towns and suburban areas. Improved stormwater management is expected to reduce
the frequency of combined sewer overflowsand sanitary sewer overflows, and provide
other environmental benefits.[11][12]

For example, the City of Philadelphia has installed or supported a variety of retrofit

projects in neighborhoods throughout the city. Installed improvements include:

 permeable pavements in parks, basketball courts and parking lots

 rain gardens and bioretention systems at schools and other public facilities
 constructed wetlands for management of stormwater runoff.

Some of these facilities reduce the volume of runoff entering the city's aging combined
sewer system, and thereby reduce the extent of system overflows during rainstorms.[13]

[edit]GIS applications
The continued development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and their
increasing level of use is particularly important in the development of Green
Infrastructure plans. The plans frequently are based on GIS anaysis of many layers of
geographic information.
Green Tips: Save Power
Text by Emily Busch
Play outside instead of using electricity.
Photograph by Lori Adamski/Sport/Jupiterimages

It’s easy to protect the planet! These tips help save energy. So get green and give the tips a try.
Make sure to ask your parents before trying any of these tips!

 Keep those fans buzzing in summer instead of turning on the air conditioner.
 Replace incandescent lightbulbs with compact fluorescent ones. They last up to ten times longer and can
use a quarter of the energy.
 Plug electronics into a power strip and flip off the switch when the gadgets aren’t in use. (make sure this
won’t mess up clocks and recordings.)
 Commit to turning off your computer before bed each night and before you go out for the day. Also set the
computer's sleep mode for when the computer is idle for just a little while. By doing these two simple acts,
you will use about 85% less energy each day.
 Switch off the light every time you leave a room.
 Set the thermostat to no lower than 78°F in the summer and no higher than 68°F in the winter.
 Place your desk next to a window and use natural light instead of a lamp.
 Close your curtains to keep out daytime summer heat or keep in nighttime winter warmth.
 Turn off the TV or video game console and play outside.
 Ask Mom or Dad to turn off the car instead of letting it idle while you're waiting.
 Ride a bike or walk instead of using the car.
 Carpool.

Belize reserve

The initial steps that can be taken to improve the enviroment in some ways is through decreasing
the disposal of waste materials and toxic waste into water and by eliminating the smoke that is left
off by factories in industrial area's, this is the main problem of the enviroment the smoke left out by
the factories is completly destroying the enviroment and only eliminating this hazard can heal a lot of
enviromental loss we hav been suffering for years.

Other than that, the smoke released from car's and other automobiles is also seriously having an
effect on our natural enviroment and this problem can be overtaken by using smoke filters in
automobiles.

The use of CFC sprays also affects the ozone layer and in the upcoming years the ozone layer is
supposed to suffer a large gap/hole which will allow ultra-violent rays from the sun to the earth
directly, which is known as harmful for the enviroment.This problem can be cured by banning CFC
perfume sprays or by using CFC free perfume bottles or sprays.
So help keep the world clean!.

The best way to protect environment is to reduce the overgrowing population.another ways
are to keep nature free from pollutants.

Turn off the lights when you leave a room. Use fluorescent bulbs in your room.

· Turn off your computer or the TV when you're not using it. Unplug chargers when not in
use.

· Wait until you have a lot of clothes to wash before using the washing machine. Don't use
the machine for one item just because it's your favorite shirt.

· Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.

· Close the blinds on a hot day if the sun is shining in. Dress lightly instead of turning up the
air conditioning. Or use a fan.

· Dress warmly inside your house when it's cold, instead of turning up the heat.

· Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on your AC and furnace clean.

· Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in a car.

To not to cut the tree's 
to stop the air be polluted
and not to throw any thing on the Colony 

keep the environment