Professional Documents
Culture Documents
March 7, 2006
Table of Contents
Agenda
I. Introduction
II. Investment Banking Overview
III. Role of An Analyst
IV. Recruiting Process
V. Investment Banking Interviews
VI. Lehman Brothers Overview
_____________________________________________________________
Appendices
A. Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
B. Suggested Reading Material / Resources
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
We are pleased to be able to speak with you about investment banking, and the steps and considerations involved in
landing a job in this industry
Presenters are Brigham Young University alumni and members of Lehman Brother’s BYU recruiting team
– Colin Cropper, Vice President, Global Mergers & Acquisitions (BYU Class of 1996)
– Tyler Willardson, Analyst, Global Technology Mergers & Acquisitions (BYU Class of 2004)
Although we work for Lehman Brothers, this presentation is meant to be generally applicable to all investment
banking firms
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Investment Banking Overview
Investment Banking Overview
Investment Banking Overview
Lehman Brothers
Private
Industry
Investment Sales
Groups
Management
Asset Product
Trading
Management Groups
Geographic
Private Research
Groups
Equity
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Investment Banking Overview
Investment Banking Overview
3
Investment Banking Overview
Investment Banking Overview
4
Investment Banking Overview
Investment Banking Overview
5
Investment Banking Overview
Investment Banking Overview
Issue of Securities
Investment Bank
Chinese Wall
Industry Group
Sales Force
Client – Equity Investors
– Fixed Income
Capital Markets
– Equity
– Fixed Income
Specific Execution
Advice
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Investment Banking Overview
Investment Banking Overview
M&A Transactions
Chinese Wall
Ongoing Strategic
Dialogue
Industry Group
Potential M&A
Client
Partner
M&A Group
Specific Execution
Advice
___________________________
* Research involvement requires officially bringing analyst over the wall.
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Investment Banking Overview
Investment Banking Overview
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Investment Banking Overview
Investment Banking Overview
Career Comparisons
Investment Banking vs. Sales, Trading & Research
– More team and project-oriented, longer-term assignments
– More strategic rather than market-oriented
– More exposure to valuation, accounting, tax and corporate finance issues
– Skills more transferable outside the industry
Investment Banking vs. Industry and Management Training Programs
– More training and development along a wide range of general business skills
(finance and capital markets; tax, accounting and legal; negotiation; marketing; and how to create transaction
opportunities)
– More responsibility at an earlier stage
– Faster career track
– More exposure to senior management and board members
– Greater interaction with leading industry players, better opportunity to develop network
– Greater intensity
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Investment Banking Overview
Investment Banking Overview
Career Comparisons
Investment Banking vs. Consulting
Like consultants, investment bankers provide strategic advice to their clients
– For example, investment bankers advise clients on how to survive in a
changing industry
• Optimize operating and stock price performance by divesting non-core business units
• Capitalize on synergies or unrecognized value by acquiring other companies or assets
However, unlike consultants, investment bankers also provide financial advice to their clients
– Investment bankers present their clients with alternatives to reduce the client’s cost of capital or to help the client
obtain a stronger balance sheet
– In simple terms, investment bankers efficiently match capital providers with capital users
While transactions are conceived at a “strategic” level, execution requires detailed analysis and a thorough
understanding of the financial, accounting and tax profile of the client
More immediate, visible results to your advice – transactions executed in shorter time period and the “market”
provides an immediate opinion on your advice
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Investment Banking Overview
Investment Banking Overview
Career Comparisons
Investment Banking vs. Start-ups
More infrastructure support
– Training and development
– Substantial resources available to get the job done
More defined career path, although still in an entrepreneurial environment
– Merit-based system
– Team approach
Less career risk
– As with a start-up, you work plenty of hours, but certainty of reward is much greater
Many start-ups look to investment banks for direction
– Opportunity to review and evaluate numerous business plans
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Role of An Analyst
Role of An Analyst
Role of An Analyst
The Hierarchy
Client Relationships
Strategic Thinking SVP /
3½ to 10
Knowledge of Industry Vice President
Execution / Expertise
Associate 1 to 3½
Day to Day
Execution
Analyst 2 to 3 year program
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Role of An Analyst
Role of An Analyst
Industry Coverage
Preparation of presentations (e.g., new business pitches, board books)
Comparable company / transactions analysis
Create company profiles
Perform industry research
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Role of An Analyst
Role of An Analyst
M&A
Valuation analysis
– Comparable company / transactions analysis
– Discounted cash flow
– LBO analysis
– Sum-of-the-parts
Prepare marketing / presentation materials (e.g., teasers, information memos, board books, committee memos)
Attend management presentations / negotiate transaction terms
Conduct / host due diligence sessions
Draft / edit legal documents (e.g., exclusivity, fairness opinions, engagement letters, purchase agreements)
Work with product specialists (e.g., leveraged finance) to refine capital structure issues
Winning the Mandate
– Develop strategic analysis and rationale for acquisition
– Present a thorough analysis of potential acquisition candidates to client
– Formulate financing and capital structure to support the acquisition
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Role of An Analyst
Role of An Analyst
Lehman Brothers advised Carlyle on the $800 million acquisition of United Components
Closed June 20, 2003 Transaction Overview
On April 25, 2003, The Carlyle Group entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the
vehicle replacement parts business of UIS, Inc., renamed United Components, Inc. (“UCI”),
for an aggregate purchase price of $800 million
The transaction was financed through: (i) $415 million in Senior Secured Credit Facilities,
which included a $65 million revolving credit facility; (ii) $230 million of Senior
Subordinated Notes; and (iii) $260 million of cash equity from The Carlyle Group
$415,000,000
Senior Credit Facilities
Lehman Brothers acted as Financial Advisor to The Carlyle Group and as a Joint Book-
Running Manager for UCI’s offering of $230 million of 9 3/8% Senior Subordinated Notes
$230,000,000 due 2013 and Joint Lead Arranger on UCI’s $415 million Senior Secured Credit Facility
9 3/8% Senior Subordinated
Company Overview
Notes due 2013
UCI is uniquely positioned as one of North America’s largest and most diversified
companies servicing the vehicle replacement parts market, or the aftermarket
The Company designs, manufactures, and distributes filtration products, fuel and cooling
Joint Book-Running Manager systems, engine management systems, driveline components, and lighting systems to the
automotive, trucking, marine, mining, construction, agricultural and industrial vehicle
markets
UCI’s customer base consists of the largest and fastest growing companies servicing the
aftermarket, including Advance Auto Parts, AutoZone, CARQUEST, Mighty, NAPA and
Valvoline
This transaction demonstrated Superior Execution
Lehman Brothers’ dedication to an
The $230 million 9 3/8% Senior Notes offering priced at the tight end of price talk and
important financial sponsor client inside pre-roadshow price expectations
as well as our ability to successfully The offering was well oversubscribed and the Notes traded strongly on the break, despite a
execute on a short timetable significant amount of automotive offerings accessing the high yield market at the same time
Demand for the Senior Credit Facilities exceeded supply by more than two times and
resulted in a 50 bps reduction to the LIBOR spread
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Role of An Analyst
Role of An Analyst
Named one of The Daily Deal’s “Deals of the Year” for 2005
has agreed to acquire The per share consideration represents a 3.7% premium to Scientific-Atlanta’s
closing price on November 17, 2005 and a 17.4% premium over Scientific-
Atlanta’s 30-day average price. Adjusting for rumors about the sale of the
company, the consideration represents a premium of 27.9% over Scientific-
Atlanta’s pre-leak closing price on October 27, 2005 and a premium of 22.4%
The undersigned acted as financial advisor to over its pre-leak 30-day average price
the Board of Directors of Scientific-Atlanta in
Implied transaction multiples based on consensus estimates(1): 12.0x CY05
this transaction
EBITDA and 10.9x CY06 EBITDA; 26.0x CY05 P/E and 22.8x CY06 P/E
The transaction is subject to shareholder and regulatory approvals
The transaction is expected to close during the first quarter of 2006
___________________________
1. Source: IBES consensus estimates as of 11/17/05.
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Recruiting Process
The Recruiting Process
Recruiting Process
All Year
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The Recruiting Process
Recruiting Process
October to January
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The Recruiting Process
Recruiting Process
September to November
Interviews
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The Recruiting Process
Recruiting Process
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The Recruiting Process
Recruiting Process
Personal Fit
Do you have the characteristics to make a good investment banker? Be prepared to relate anecdotes that illustrate
these qualities:
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The Recruiting Process
Recruiting Process
Know How to Differentiate Among the Firms, Both for Interviewing and for Your Own
Firm Selection Process
In addition to obvious geographic and market position characteristics, firms have other differing qualities
Know how the firms are internally structured
– All have some type of industry and product groups
– Every firm has a different approach to group placement
Know how the firms perceive themselves
– What are their strengths, what are recent significant transactions?
– How do they view their own culture?
– What are employee demographics?
Try to come to some conclusion regarding firm culture and personal fit
– Meet as many people as you can
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Investment Banking Interviews
Investment Banking Interviews
Investment Banking Interviews
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Investment Banking Interviews
Investment Banking Interviews
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Investment Banking Interviews
Investment Banking Interviews
Technical Questions
Before the interview, you should be familiar and comfortable with the following concepts:
Finance Accounting
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis Basic
– Free cash flow – Income Statement
– Terminal value – Balance Sheet
– WACC – Cash Flow Statement
Comparable Company Analysis Intermediate
– Enterprise vs. equity value multiples – Purchase accounting
Comparable Transaction Analysis – Cash EPS
– Enterprise vs. equity value multiples, premium analysis – Deferred taxes
CAPM Advanced
– Pension accounting
– Recap accounting
– LBO accounting
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Investment Banking Interviews
Investment Banking Interviews
Interviewing Tips
Resume
– Ensure your resume highlights the key competencies required by investment banks
– Include only what you are comfortable talking about and know it by heart
– Be able to expand upon each bullet point
– Be able to clearly explain why you made certain choices (e.g., college, major, internships)
– Don’t overlook the additional information section – it can provide good insight into who you are
Answering tough or unexpected questions
– Take a moment to think about your answer – a well thought out answer is better than a fast answer
– Be direct in your answer and stand by your reasoning
– Remain composed and balanced
Personal impact is important
– Body language, composure, volume
– Always look the interviewer in the eye and use his / her name
– Relax and try to learn from the interview
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Lehman Brothers Overview
Lehman Brothers Overview
Lehman Brothers Overview
Who We Are
Founded in 1850, Lehman Brothers is one of Wall Street’s premier investment banking firms.
Franchise
Our market leadership and global presence provide us with access to the most significant issuers
and investors around the globe
Our strategy is client-driven. Providing the highest level of service to our clients is the core of our
Strategy
business strategy
Future Lehman Brothers’ rich history and tradition provide a strong foundation as we continue to expand
our franchise with a focus on high-margin business areas (e.g., M&A, equities, leveraged finance
and private equity investing)
We operate on a “One Firm” philosophy that emphasizes integration and teamwork across all
Culture
businesses worldwide. Working together as “One Firm” enables us to deliver a full range of
products and services to our clients in a seamless manner
Our people are our greatest asset. Lehman Brothers’ professionals are driven to challenge
People
themselves and take an active role in shaping their careers. They are deeply committed to our
business philosophy and motivated to contribute to the Firm’s clients early in their careers
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Lehman Brothers – Best In Class Independent Investment Bank
Lehman Brothers Overview
10% 7,000
$4,000 $1,000
0% 0
1994 2005
$0 $0
Employee Base Employee Ownership
2000 2004 2005 2000 2004 2005
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Lehman Brothers’ Premier Global Finance Franchise
Lehman Brothers Overview
Structured Equity
House of the Year 1 Citigroup 11.3% 1 Morgan Stanley 12.5% 1 Goldman Sachs 15.4%
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M&A Announced League Tables
Lehman Brothers Overview
Announced Deals
Value ($bil) Rank Market Number of
Share Deals
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Top 20 Global M&A Announced Transactions in 2006
Lehman Brothers Overview
Deal Size
Date Announced ($bil) Target Acquiror Region Industry
9 2/27/2006 11.3 KeySpan Corp National Grid PLC Americas Natural Resources
10 2/2/2006 10.8 Banca Nazionale del Lavoro SpA BNP Paribas SA Europe FIG
12 2/15/2006 9.5 Merrill Lynch Invest Managers BlackRock Inc Americas Financial Institutions
13 2/21/2006 6.2 Australian Gas Light Co Alinta Ltd Asia Natural Resources
___________________________
Note: Shading indicates transactions in which Lehman Brothers acted as Financial Advisor. Lehman clients are in bold.
Source: Thomson / SDC and Lehman Brothers. Through 3/5/06.
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Lehman Brothers Overview
Lehman Brothers Overview
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Appendices
Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
Valuation – Introduction
Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
The purpose of this workshop is to provide you with Investment Banking finance and valuation basics
– Methodologies
– Contexts for valuation work
– Comparable Company Analysis
– Comparable Transaction Analysis
– Discounted Cash Flow
– Leveraged Buyout Analysis
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Valuation – Methodologies
Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
Estimated Range of
Value for Target
Value that a financial buyer would pay The value of future free cash flows
based upon the maximum amount of debt discounted to the present at an appropriate
appropriate for the target company and the discount rate or the weighted average cost
required return on private equity funds of capital
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Illustrative Football Field Analysis
Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
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Contexts for Valuation Work
Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
Sell-Side M&A Advising a client on how much should be received as consideration for the sale of stock or assets
Advising the shareholders as to the fairness, from a financial point of view, of a price to be paid
Fairness Opinion
or received
Advising a client on how to best and most fairly reallocate the value of the company to creditors
Restructuring
and shareholders
Initial Public Offering Determining the potential public market value of a private company
Add-on Financing Positioning and timing the sale of client securities to maximize proceeds
Share Repurchase Deciding whether a company is undervalued and should repurchase shares
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Comparable Company Analysis
Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
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Comparable Company Analysis
Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
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Comparable Transaction Analysis
Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
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Comparable Transaction Analysis
Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
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Discounted Cash Flow
Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
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Discounted Cash Flow
Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
DCF Process
Forecast Unlevered Free Cash Flows
Review Results
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Leveraged Buyout Analysis
Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
What is an LBO?
A leveraged buyout (“LBO”) is an acquisition of a company in which a financial sponsor (e.g., private investor, LBO
fund) invests a relatively small amount of equity (compared to the total purchase price) and uses leverage (debt or
other source of financing) to fund the remainder of the consideration
– Debt is repaid with cash flows of the business acquired (conceptually similar to buying a house, renting it out and
using the rent to pay the mortgage)
LBOs are used in numerous types of transactions and corporate finance situations, including:
– Take-privates, in which a public company goes from being owned and traded by a large number of public
shareholders to one that is privately held by a small group of investors
– Buyouts of a subsidiary or division of a larger company by a group of investors
– Management buyouts, in which the acquisition is done by the company’s existing management group, often with
the backing of a financial sponsor
– Recapitalizations (i.e., re-leveraging the company and paying a large dividend)
– Leveraged acquisitions by corporations
– JV LBOs, in which corporations and financial sponsors partner together to acquire a business in a leveraged
transaction (corporations sometimes contribute assets); in most instances the JV structure permits the debt to be
off-balance sheet for the corporation
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Leveraged Buyout Analysis
Basic Finance / Valuation Workshop
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Suggested Reading Material / Resources
Magazines and Newspapers
Suggested Reading Material / Resources
Wall Street Journal The most widely read business periodical in the world
Financial Times A leading global newspaper covering business and specialist financial information
Investment Dealers
This magazine covers many recent trends on Wall Street and lists recent security issues
Digest
A leading industry publication which covers what is going on at leading firms in both fixed
Financial Trader
income, derivatives, currencies, commodities and equities
Daily Deal This daily publication covers developments within or impacting the investment banking industry
Covers technology industry finance. A good resource if you are interested in investment banking
Red Herring
in this area
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Books – Corporate Finance Related
Suggested Reading Material / Resources
Handbook of Frank Fabozzi. The bible for any job involving fixed income sales, trading, underwriting or
Fixed Income derivatives
Valuation: Measuring
Tom Copeland, Tim Koller and Jack Murrin. Potent strategies for measuring and enhancing the
and Managing the Value
bottom-line value of any company. How to do a valuation
of Companies
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