VRp (precision PWM voltage regulator)

VRp-2000 ~ VRp-30000
(2~30 kwatt, single-phase 120 & 230 vac models)

VRp-6000 ~ VRp-100000
(6~50 kwatt, three-phase 120/208 vac models &
6~100 kwatt, three-phase 230/400 vac models)
Presented by: Nam Paik, Director of Sales
TSi Power Corporation
Antigo, Wisconsin, USA
www.tsipower.com
E-mail: nam@tsipower.com
Tel: +1-
+1-770-
770-339-
339-9891

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 VRp technology benefits
Servo-motor based or tap-switching AVRs are not suitable for
sensitive load equipment such as power supplies, rectifiers
using solid-state devices and air-conditioners, because of their
slow response time and inherent performance limitations.

VRp (precision PWM voltage regulators) can be used to

protect any electronic equipment, particularly in countries with
inadequate infrastructures for the generation and distribution of
AC power.

VRp is superior thanks to its fast 20 ms response time and

cycle-by-cycle voltage regulation without interrupting the load
current.

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 Operating AC Input Voltage Range and Output Regulation of VRp
(for 230 vac output models)

Maximum AC input
330 V
300 V Upper limit for sensitive
electronic equipment
265 V
240 V
230 V 230 V
200 V
188 V
Lower limit for sensitive
electronic equipment
160 V
150 V
Minimum AC Input
(Note: Derate output
capacity by 20% for
voltage of 150~179V)

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 Operating AC Input Voltage Range and Output Regulation of VRp
(for 115 vac output models)
Maximum AC input
160 V
150 V Upper limit for sensitive
electronic equipment
130 V
125 V
115 V 115 V
105 V
95 V
Lower limit for sensitive
85 V electronic equipment

75 V Minimum AC Input
(Note: Derate output
capacity by 20% for
voltage of 75~89V)
75~89V)

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 AVR Performance Comparison Chart
Charactersitics PWM based AVR Servo-motor Relay/SCR based tap-changer
(VRp) based AVR AVR
Regulation interrupts power path No No Some
Stability Excellent Good Good
Correction speed Very fast Very slow Slow
Correction time 20 mS 500~5000 mS 200~1000 mS
Auto fast bypass Yes Manual Manual
Voltage overshoot during mains cycling None Yes Yes
Operating Input Voltage Ranger 150~315V (very wide) 160~300V (wide) 160~280V typical (narrow)
Over load capacity Excellent Excellent Fair
Load compatibility Excellent Good Good
Limitations on load types None Some Inductive loads
Reliability Excellent Good Fair
Protection of Load Eqmt. Excellent Poor Fair
Field Maintenance None Required None
Size per watt Very Compact Compact Compact
Technology PWM switched IGBTs Servo turns variable A multiplicity of relays impose
impose correction transformer to impose regulation voltage on multiple buck-
voltage on buck-boost regulation voltage on boost primaries
primary buck-boost primary

Comments No moving parts and Requires frequent Complex electronics with many
limited number of replacement of interconnections and circuit boards
interconnections. brushes. Output impact performance and reliability
Simple to service in the contactor too slow to negatively.
field. guarantee load is not
exposed to high
mains voltage.

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 Cell Site Need for AVR

Developing countries have insufficient infrastructures for the generation
and distribution of electricity.

Too many electricity users competing for limited available power and
distribution capacity, cause significant voltage fluctuations and power
interruptions.

The mains voltage vary between 160 to 300V in many countries.

Standard rectifier/chargers and air-conditioners are not designed to
withstand such a wide input voltage window.

The likely result is lower reliability and/or equipment failure possibly
leading to unscheduled downtime; and increased costs for
maintenance and repair.

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 Cell Site Equipment

Rectifier chargers,

Air-conditioning equipment,

UPS in some instances,

Equipment with AC input switchmode power supplies,

Smoke detectors and miscellaneous equipment

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 Various AC Mains Input Voltage Windows

315 V
Border line
ShutOperation
down and/or damage to
equipment
264 V
Borderline operation (over-voltage)
250 V
Safe Area of Operation
210 V
Derating and increased heat
(brownout)
184 V
Severe derating, shut down
and/or damage to equipment
150 V

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 VRp vs. Other AVRs

Servo-motor based or tap-switching AVRs are not suitable for sensitive
load equipment such as power supplies, rectitifers using solid-state
devices and air-conditioners, because of their slow response time and
inherent performance limitations.

VRp (PWM precision voltage regulators) can be used to protect any

electronic equipment, particularly in countries with inadequate
infrastructures for the generation and distribution of AC power.

VRp is superior thanks to its fast response time, cycle-by-cycle voltage

regulation without interrupting the load current, as well as other
performance advantages discussed in the following presentation.

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 Degree of Protection

VRp is designed to provide maximum protection for all types of
electronic and electrical devices & systems;

The level of protection is superior due to extremely wide operating

input voltage range of 150 to 330 vac.

Other AVRs are too slow to respond and operates over narrow
input voltage range of 180~280 vac only (typical).

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 Reliability

VRp has no moving parts;

VRp has few PCBs;

VRp has few interconnections.

Servo AVRs require frequent brush replacement;

tap-switching AVRs are quite complicated with too
many parts and interconnections.

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 Auto Bypass

Prevents unexpected shut down of mission-critical equipment;

Output of VRp is between 180 - 265 VAC (even when in bypass).

Other AVRs have manual bypass, which results in unscheduled

shutdown.

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 Regulation does not interrupt
power path

Prevents switching surge voltages;

Permits operation with generators;

Reduces risk of damage to load.

Tap-switching AVRs interrupt power path.

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 20 mS Voltage Correction Time

Eliminates voltage step changes;

Ideal for all sensitive electronic devices;

Reduces risk of damage to load.

Other AVR technologies take 200~ 3000 mS

(0.2~3 seconds) before correction is made

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 +/-2 % Output Voltage Stability

Superior protection for air-conditioners;

Ideal for all sensitive electronic devices;

Minimized step voltage changes.

Tap-changer AVR’s typically provide only

+/- 5% to +/-10% output voltage stability

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 Soft Start

Reduces inrush current to a minimum when mains cycle
off/on;

Ideal shock absorber;

Enhances systems reliability;

Ideal for air-conditioners, rectifiers and all sensitive
electronic equipment

Other technologies use random start via electro-

mechanical contactor or relays

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 Stability

Works well even with inferior or soft (high-impedance)
mains AC source;

Predictable performance;

Ideal for air-conditioners, rectifiers and all types of
sensitive electronic devices

Other technologies may have trouble with demanding

loads with soft mains AC source (high source
impedance)

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 Overload Capacity

Upto 500% (for 10 cycles or 200 ms) ;

Ideal for starting air-conditioners, motors, rectifiers,
switchmode supplies and others with high inrush currents;

VRp does not have to be oversized.

Some AVRs have difficulty with motors, air-conditioners

and other loads with high start-up current requirements.

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 Load Compatibility

VRp is compatible with all loads;

Eliminates guessing and need for testing of AVR with
load equipment before installation

Tap-switcher AVRs are not compatible with inductive

loads such as motors.

Servo-motor based AVRs are not fast enough to
protect electronic loads.

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 Additional Benefits of Outdoor VRp

Reduces temperature inside container;

Increases air conditioner lifetime;

Enhances overall systems reliability;

Extra space inside the container can be used
for revenue generating equipment (and
increase profitability for operators)

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