Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Session 3 ‐ Plant Operation
Javier Relancio & Luis Recuero
Generalia Group
September 21st 2010
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-
construction-operation-and-maintenance
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
Design, Execution, Operation & Maintenance
PLANT OPERATION
Javier Relancio. Generalia Group. 21/09/2010
www.generalia.es
2
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
INDEX
Plant security
Security systems
3
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
INDEX
Plant security
Security systems
4
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Control & Telecommunication Systems:
Introduction
Monitoring:
Remote control:
Group of devices which allow us to modify the state of the equipments and devices of the
plant, from a remote location
Both the meters and the inverters have communications outputs to allow the monitoring
of their parameters
Energy Transformer
Photovoltaic DC / AC Meter
Array Inverter Electricity
Grid
Both in grid connected and stand alone PV facilities, electronic devices with communication
ports and dataloggers are used in order to gather the information from the different
equipment more important parameters
6
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Monitoring System
Requirements:
Solutions:
Already developed.
Customized solutions
7
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
INDEX
Plant security
Security systems
8
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
PV Facility main elements
‐ Irradiance ‐ Isolating error
‐ Produced energy performance)
‐ CO2 Emissions ‐ Electric failure (stop)
‐ Load profile
grid ‐ Frequency
Other elements within a PV facility
‐ Temperature
‐ Voltage ‐ System breakdown
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Monitoring System. Topology
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Monitoring system: Routine
Performance:
Performance: lightly Performance: lower than
average or
lower than average average
higher than
average
Failure
Parameter analysis Alarm
diagnosis
12
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Remote control system. Basic topology
REMOTE PC
Tracker Control
INTERNET
Monitoring System
Gateway Server
Security system
13
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Remote control system. Advanced topology
- Updates
Tracker - Modifications
PC
REMOTO - Configurations
INTERNET - Updates
Monitoring - Modifications
system - Configuration
- New meters &
inverters
Gateway Server
- Updates
Security
- Modifications
System
- Configuration
14
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Communications
Internal communications
Topology:
External communications
To communicate remotely
15
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Communications
Coverage
Bandwidth
Reliability /
Robustness
Cost
(Installing)
Cost
(Operation)
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Remote Meter Reading
(From the electrical company)
The electrical company remote meter reading, which is already being done in some countries,
as Spain, allows the electrical company (or the grid manager):
Avoid having dedicated staff to read the meter locally for invoicing
Receiving data from the meters, that well processed, can improve the grid performance
Server
Conversor
Gateway Gateway Ethernet – Meter BUS
RS232/485
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Usual problems
A system that works perfectly for a solar facility, may not work properly in a different one
due to different devices, SW versions, communication buses, countries, etc..
Solutions compatibility
Coverage failure
Isolated areas. Without Telephone Network (PSTN), ADSL, UMTS or GPRS coverage
Losing the communication channel would mean losing 90% of the system features
18
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
INDEX
Plant security
Security systems
19
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Operation orientated monitoring
Maximize We have to control that we are injecting the maximum energy to the
productivity grid
We need references:
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Operation Key points
The local plant staff can NEVER be replaced by any software or remote
control
21
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Operation orientated monitoring
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Remote control system
Reasons:
1. Save costs.
2. Legal requirement:
Maintenance types
Elements to maintain
Inverter
Suntracker
24
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Inverter maintenance
Failure classification:
Alarm: serious failures. They should be minimized. They are important, and
could imply the plant stop
25
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Inverter maintenance
Usual incidences:
Low DC Voltage:
Temperature limit
26
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Suntracking maintenance
Orientation/Position failure
Reducer breakdown
27
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
INDEX
Plant security
Security systems
28
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Security in the plant: Introduction
Reasons:
Many thefts
To avoid production losses (there are insurances which cover these losses)
Isolated areas
Local staff
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Security in the plant: Possibilities
Local staff
Perimeter sensors
Panel sewing
String controllers
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Security in the Plan: General scheme
Solar plant security system
Real time internet Real time mobile
access phone access
Acoustic &
Domo video Luminous
camera waning
Video analysis.
ADSL / Intrusion
GPRS detection
Night mode
Control video cameras
room
Optical Fiber Local authorities
warning system
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
INDEX
Plant security
Security systems
32
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Local staff (In the plant)
Advantage
Drawbacks
Options
Employees
Outsourcing
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Video surveillance system
CCTV vs IP
CCTV
Closed TV Circuit
It requires dedicated
transmission buses
IP - based
Versatility
Good quality
Good transmission
Less wiring
Recommended: IP
Source: Condev
System
Video Surveillance System: elements
Optional:
- Full D1 video is 720x480.
Alarms & relays management - Cropped D1 is 704x480.
- Half D1 video is 352x480
Remote control
Video analyzer
Expensive
Movement detection
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Video Surveillance System: elements
Video camera
They can be IP or analogical
Quality: Up to D1 (Real time)
Infrared
Long distance
Night viewing (when the risk is higher)
Range: 1.5Km (0.00001 lux).
PTZ Control
Automatic or Manual orientation & zoom control (Joystick).
Options:
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Anti-intrusion system
Presence sensor
Detects:
Microwaves: movements
Configurable:
False alarms
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Anti-theft system
Difficult execution
Immune to sabotage
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Anti-theft system
String Controller
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Alarm management
Local alarm:
-Plant visibility
-Distance to the
Local staff:
security entity
SMS, E-Mail, Phone call -Etc.
Two options:
To control, or to warn the authorities Siren
- Dissuasive: to
avoid being stolen
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
Other possibilities
Virtual patrols
Nowadays, a possibility that can mean an important saving in physical surveillance is the
called "virtual patrol“
The virtual patrol simulates an ordinary guard patrol, but it is done from a remote central
of the surveillance company using a system of video cameras
Usually, for this type of projects, no surveillance system is installed but the ones already
used by the clients, as this facilities are normally located in urban zones.
If the facility is located in an isolated area and the roof is not very high or difficult to
access, it is recommended to apply one of the security systems described within this
presentation
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-construction-operation-and-maintenance
End of Session 3
http://www.leonardo-energy.org/training-pv-systems-design-
construction-operation-and-maintenance
43