Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. In Liteky v. U.S., 114 S.Ct. 1147 (1994), the Court clarified what issues can
be brought before the Federal Judge to disqualify the Judge, pursuant to 28 U.S.C.
§455(a). The Court held that valid causes for disqualification of a judge by a party to the
proceeding included (1) the judge had given the appearance that he had made a
predetermination (predisposition) of the case, or (2) the judge displayed such deep-seated
antagonism to the party that would render fair judgment impossible, or (3) both.
In addition, events occurring during the trial can be cause for disqualification, if
the events display an inability of the judge to render fair judgment, an exception to the
extrajudicial source factor (Liteky, at 1155, 1160), or that there is "an intent to ensure
that one side or the other shall prevail, there can be little doubt that he or she must
recuse." Liteky, at 1159. Judge James has not been able to render a fair judgment. Judge
James has no discretion to recuse himself.
In EUGENE's first Motion to Disqualify Judge James, filed December 16, 1993
and heard on December 20, 1993, EUGENE had charged, inter alia, that Judge James had
given the appearance of having predetermined the outcome of that hearing and of the
case. Although Judge James denied EUGENE's Motion to Disqualify Judge James, all
contact with Judge James, since December 16, 1993, has only confirmed EUGENE's
position as being truthful and factual. EUGENE had met the requirement on December
16, 1993 to disqualify Judge James. The charges of appearance of predetermination and
appearance of partiality as well as others, were repeated in subsequent Motions To
Disqualify Judge James. EUGENE continued to meet the requirements of Liteky, and
Judge James continued to give the appearance of having predetermined the outcome of
each hearing and of the case, and to give the appearance of partiality against EUGENE in
court, and to act without lawful authority.
The Liteky court further clarified the conditions for disqualification of a judge
by a non-party to the proceeding. The Liteky court stated that under statute 28 U.S.C.
§455(a), "Disqualification is required if an objective observer would entertain
reasonable questions about the judges impartiality. If a judge's attitude or state of mind
leads a detached observer to conclude that a fair and impartial hearing is unlikely, the
judge must be disqualified." [Emphasis added]. Id. at 1162.
Judge Thomas James impartiality is being, and has been, questioned by both
EUGENE and by non-party court observers who have attended hearings.
"It is important that the litigant not only actually receive justice, but that he
believes that he has received justice. A judge, like Caesar's wife, should be above
suspicion." Pfizer Inc. v. Lord, 456 F.2d 532 (8th Cir. 1972). EUGENE does not believe
that he has received justice, as he was before a judge who was not impartial.
It has been held that a judge's self-appraisal that he or she is able to preside
impartially over the case is irrelevant. Clay v. Doherty, 608 F.Supp 295 (N.D. Ill. 1985).
The Sciuto court, among others, has stated that the right to a tribunal free from bias,
prejudice, or the appearance of partiality is based on the Due Process Clause, and not on
any statute. United States v. Sciuto, 521 F.2d 842 (7th Cir. 1996). Recusal is not
intended to protect litigants from actual bias in their judge but rather to promote public
confidence in the impartiality of the judicial process, Liljeberg v. Health Services
Acquisition Corp., 486 U.S. 847, 108 S.Ct. 2194 (1988); United States v. Balistrieri,
779 F.2d 1191 (7th Cir. 1985); it is directed against the appearance of partiality. United
States v. Murphy, 768 F.2d 1518 (7th Cir. 1985).
The critical question before this Court is not the assessment of Judge James as
to his predisposition, his remarks, his biases, his prejudices, his claim of impartiality, but
what is the perception of objective, non-party persons to his predisposition, his remarks,
his biases, his prejudices, his claim of impartiality. In this respect, Judge James has
displayed an extreme appearance of partiality, and his predisposition, against EUGENE.
Judge James had entered into a long-term and continuing policy of preventing
EUGENE from obtaining a fair hearing before the Court
Neither the Seventh Circuit, nor any other court, would not find even one
instance of where Judge James complied with the court's rulings on non-represented
litigants, should it decide to review the transcripts of each and every hearing before this
Court. It would instead find multiple instances where Judge James violated EUGENE's
legal and Constitutional Rights.
The failure of Judge James to comply fully with his responsibility towards
EUGENE, a non-represented party, is a violation of EUGENE's due process Rights.
United States v. Sciuto, 521 F.2d 842 (7th Cir. 1996). Not only would the failure of
Judge James to comply fully with his responsibility towards EUGENE, pursuant to case
law, be a violation of the First Amendment to the Constitution for the United States of
America, it would also give to a non-party of the proceeding an appearance of bias, an
appearance of prejudice, and an appearance of partiality by Judge James. The failure of
Judge James to comply fully with his responsibility towards EUGENE would disqualify
him from taking any action in this proceeding.
It has been held that where a judge violates a party's legal and/or constitutional
rights, the judge loses jurisdiction. Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 58 S.Ct. 1019
(1938); Article VI of the Constitution for the United States of America
Judge James has violated, and continues to violate, EUGENE's legal, due
process, and Constitutional Rights; such violations have ousted Judge James from any
lawful authority in this matter.
VOID ORDERS/JUDGMENTS
3. The U.S. Supreme Court has held that void orders and/or void judgments are
void even before reversal.Vallely v. Northern Fire & Marine Ins. Co., 254 U.S. 348, 41
S.Ct. 116 (1920). Should a Court in 1998 hold that an Order issued in 1996 was void, it
was also void in 1996, when it was originally issued.
The purported Orders of Judge James, disqualified inter alia by his appearance
of partiality, are void. No judge has any authority to attempt to enforce them, and no
person(s) is engaging in any lawful purpose by attempting to enforce the void Order(s),
such as, but not limited to, entering upon EUGENE's property without EUGENE's
voluntary-given written permission, first obtained beforehand. Neither Judge James nor
the purported Chapter 7 Trustee, Lawrence Fisher, is acting within the law.
A person is not restricted by the eight(8)/ten(10)-day requirement in
Bankruptcy Court, or by the thirty(30) day requirement of the District Court to challenge
any purported order of this court, since the purported Orders are a nullity and have no
legal force or effect. There is no time limit to challenge a void order, for there is no
statute of limitations to vacate a void order. Hazel-Atlas Glass Co. v. Hartford-Empire
Co., 322 U.S. 238, 64 S.Ct. 997 (1943); Rule 60(b)(4), Rules of Civil Procedure; Skelly
Oil Co. v. Universal Oil Products Co., 338 Ill.App. 79, 87, 86 N.E.2d 875, 879 (1st
Dist. 1949). "Furthermore, a claim of fraud upon the court may be raised by a non-party."
Southerland v. Irons, 628 F.2d 978 (6th Cir. 1980), see Root Refining Co. v. Universal
Oil Products Co., 169 F.2d 514, 522-523 (3rd Cir. 1948), cert. denied, 335 U.S. 912, 69
S.Ct. 481 (1949), and it may be raised at any time.
The Full Faith and Credit clause does not apply to void orders; but the Full
Faith and Credit clause does apply to an Order vacating a void order.
EUGENE has not given any person involved in any proceeding against
EUGENE any voluntary-given written permission to enter his property. Should any
person enter EUGENE's property without EUGENE's voluntary-given written
permission, that person would be in criminal trespass of EUGENE's property. (5)
CONCLUSION
A. vacates all orders issued by Judge James on or since December 20, 1993.
B. vacates all orders issued by Judge James issued since Judge James gave the
first appearance of partiality.
Respectfully submitted,
________________________
Eugene W. Alpern, in pro per,
sui juris