SYLLABUS FOR

COMBINED COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION

IN NORTHERN AREAS
 2

INDEX

S.NO. NAME OF SUBJECT PAGE

01. English General & Essay 1
02. Current Affairs and Pakistan Affairs 1-2
03. Islamiat 2-3
04. U0072du General & Essay 4

Optional Subjects

05. Commerce 5
06. Agriculture 5
07. Applied Mathematics 5-6
08. Arabic 6
09. Botany 7-8
10. British History (From 1699 to Present Time) 8
11. Civil Law 8
12. Criminal Law 9
13. Chemistry 9
14. Economics 9-10
15. English Literature 10-11
16. European History (From 1789 to Present Time) 11-12
17. Forestry 12-13
18. Geography 13-14
19. Geology 14-15
20. Indian History (Pre-Muslim, Muslim Period and British Rule) 15
21. International Relations 15
22. Islamic History (From Holy Prophet to Present Muslim World) 15-16
23. Muslim Law and Jurisprudence 16
24. Persian 16-17
25. Philosophy 17-18
26. Physics 18
27. Psychology 18-19
28. Political Science 19-20
29. Public Administration 20-21
30. Pure Mathematics 21-22
31. Sociology 22-23
32. Statistics 23-24
33. Urdu Literature 24
34. Zoology 25-26
 3

1. ENGLISH GENERAL & ESSAY

(COMPULSORY) PART-A
Marks
Part-A: 100 (Current Affairs)
Part-B: 50
Total: 150 Candidates will be expected to display such general
knowledge of History, Geography and Politics 0 as is necessary to
PART-A interpret current affairs.
Precis & Composition 1. Pakistan’s relations with its neighbors.
2. Pakistan’s relations with Middle Eastern, African and
The examination will be based upon Precis & Composition Far Eastern Countries.
and will be geared to test the candidates’ ability to handle Pakistan relations with big powers.
grammatical structure, reading comprehension and analysis, and 3. International Economic issues and Pakistan.
precis writing and composition. 4. Pakistan’s role in regional and international
The candidates should be capable of: 0rganizations.
(a) Using English correctly and efficiently as a vehicle of 5. Nuclear politics in South Asia.
communication. 6. Structure of Pakistan’s Economy, economic planning
(b) Reading, comprehending and analyzing advanced texts. and development strategies.
7. Central Issues and problems in the Educational
Grammar and Vocabulary Systems.
8. Issues in Pakistan Politics.
The candidate’s ability to handle the structure of English will 9. Super powers and the Issues of World Order.
be tested by framing items based upon grammatical categories that 10. Major Contemporary Crises.
usually creat e problems for foreign students. 11. Major Economic, Social and Political issues of the
There shall be no prescribed course for this purpose. world as reflected and discussed in periodicals and
newspapers.
Reading Comprehension and Analysis

Two unseen passages shall be given with a fixed reading time

SUGGESTED READINGS
and multiple choice questions would be placed at the end to be
answered. The passage for comprehension shall be fairly technical. Title Author/Publisher
The passages would be selected from writings on economic, social,
cultural subjects and international affairs. 1. India, Pakistan, G.W. Choudhry
Bangladesh and Great
Precis writing Powers.
2. Main Spring of Indian and S.M. Burke
The candidates will be required to present an acceptable Pakistani Foreign Policy
precis of a given passage. The unseen passage will be selected 3. Pakistan’s Foreign Policy. S.M. Burke.
from current, economic, social, cultural and international affairs. 4. Pakistan and the Great Mohammad Ahsan
Powers. Choudhry
PART-B 5. Pakistan and the U.N. Mohammad Ahsan
Choudhry,
ESSAY 6. Pakistan the long view Lawrence Ziring et.
al
Candidates will be required to write one or more essays in 7. Political System of Khalid B. Sayeed,
English. A wide choice of subject will be given. Pakistan. Concept Publishing
SUGGES TED READINGS Co. New Dehli,
1995.
Title Author/Publisher 8. Politics in Pakistan. Khalid B. Sayeed

1. A communicative grammar of Leech & Svartik 9. World Politics Since 1945 P. Calvocrassi
English
2. A Practical English grammar Thomson & 10. Conflict and Cooperation Pervaiz Iqbal
Martinet in the Indian Ocean: Cheema
3. A Comprehensive English Eclersley & Pakistan’s Interests and
Grammar for Foreign Students. Eckersley (Long- Choices
mans) 11. The Security of South Stephen P. Cohen
4. Modern English Vol. I & II Rutherford Asia.
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 12. The Military and Politics Hassan Askari Rizvi
5. A University English Grammar R. Quirk & in Pakistan.
S.Greenbaum 13. Development strategies of M.L. Qureshi
(Longmans) Pakistan.
6. Practical English Usage Swan (OUP) 14. The Management of Ahmad, V., Rashid
Pakistan’s economy 1947 Amjad
7. English Idioms McMordie to 1982.
8. Mastering Modern English Etherton
________
2. CURRENT AFFAIRS & PAKISTAN
AFFAIRS (COMPULSORY)
Marks
Current Affairs: 75
Pakistan Affairs: 75
Total: 150

----------------------
 4

PART-B 4. Fundamental Beliefs and Practices of Islam

(a) Tauheed (Unity of Allah), Risalat (Finality of the
Prophethood), Akhirat (Day of Judgement).
(Pakistan Affairs). (b) Salat, Soum, Zakat, Hajj, Jehad.
1. Evolution and growth of Muslim Society in the Sub- 5. Islamic way of life.
continent.
2. Ideology of Pakistan-Definition and Elucidation, Historical (a) Sources of Shariah: The Qu’ran, Sunnah, Ijma
aspects: Muslim rule in the sub-continent, its downfall and (Consensus), Qiyas and Ijtihad (reasoning).
efforts of renaissance. Movements for reforms- Sheikh (b) Social system in Islam: Responsibilities and mutual
Ahmad Sarhindi, Shah Waliullah, Aligarh, Deoband, relationship of members of family, separate role of man
Nadwah, Anjamun Hamiat -e-Islam and other Educational and woman in an Islamic
Institutions- Sind Madressah and Islamia College Peshawar. Social set up, concept of Woman’s freedom in Islam,
Ideology of Pakistan in the lights of speeches and saying of Responsibilities of man and woman in character-
Allama Iqbal and Quaid-i-Azam. building of new generation.
3. Pakistan Movement-Historical developments, important (c) Morality in Islam: Concept of morality, Relationship of
event, role of various individuals, Communities and groups. morality and Faith, Islamic Principles and methods of
4. Political Developments in Pakistan since 1947 and efforts for character-building, Moral values in Islam.
promulgation of Islamic system. (d) Islamic Political System:-
5. Land and People of Pakistan-Geography, Society, Natural (i) Legislative System
resources, Agriculture, Industry, Education with reference to (ii) Judicial System
characteristics, trends and problems.
(e) Muslim Ummah: Role and objectives of Muslim
SUGGESTED READINGS Ummah.

Title Author/Publisher 6. Quranic Ayat and their Translation.

1. Ideological Orientations of Al Mujahid Sharif.
Pakistan Following last 10 surrah of the Holy Quran with their
2. Letters of Iqbal to Jinnah Iqbal, Mohammad. translations:-
3. Muslim Separatism in Hamid, Abdul.
India (A brief Survey 1. SURRAH AL-FEEL
1858-1947). 2. SURRAH AL-QURESH
4. Modern Muslim India and Akram, S.M. 3. SURRAH Al-MAOON
the birth of Pakistan 4. SURRAH AL-KAUSAR
5. Quaid-i-Azam and Dani, Ahmed Hassan 5. SURRAH AL-KAFAROON
Pakistan. 6. SURRAH AN-NASR
6. Struggle for Pakistan. Qureshi, I. H. 7. SURRAH AL-LAHAB
7. The case for Pakistan. Rafiq, Afzal M., 8. SURRAH AL-AKHLAS
National Commission 9. SURRAH AL-FALAQ
on Historical & 10. SURRAH AN-NAS
Cultural Research,
Islamabad. 1997 _____________
8. The Making of Pakistan. Aziz, K.K., Sang-e-
Meal Publication,
Lahore 1998
9. The Muslim Community Qureshi, I.H.
of the Indo -Pakistan Sub-
continent.
10. The Emergence of Mohammad Ali Ch.
Pakistan.
11. Towards Pakistan Waheed-uz-Zaman
12. Pakistan A study of Hameed Yousaf
political development
(1947-97)
13. Ulema in politics Qureshi, I.H, Maroof,
Karachi, 1972
14. World Scholars on Quaid- Dani, Ahmed Hassan
e-Azam

_____________

3. ISLAMIAT (COMPULSORY)
Marks-150

1. Basic Problems of Human Life and their Solutions

Various sources of knowledge-revelation (Wahy) as a source

of knowledge and solution to human problems. Divinity and
Supremacy of Wahy.

2. Need of Religion and its role in Human Life.

Islam and other religions.

3. Islam.

Its concept and meanings, Deen and Muzhab, Islamic

concepts of Universe and Humanity, Place of Humanity in Islam,
Man as Vicegerent of Allah, Ch ief Characteristics of Islamic
Ideology.
5
 6

SUGGESTED READINGS

Title Author/Publisher

1. Introduction to Islam Dr. Hamidullah

2. Islamic Ideology Dr. Khalifa Abdul

Hakim

3. Ideology of the Future. Dr. Muhammad

Rafiuddin

4. Islam: The Misunderstood Muhammad Qutub

Religion.

5. Islam: Its meaning and Khushid Ahmed,

Message Book Promotions,
Ibd, 1980.

6. Islam the Religion. Syed Anwar Ali

7. The Religion of Islam. Ahmad A. Galwash

8. Outlines of Islamic Culture. A.M.A. Shushterys

7
 8

5. COMMERCE problems of rural Pakistan. Major issues in agriculture and

agricultural development in Pakistan.
Marks=150
SUGGESTED READINGS
a. Accounting Equation, Transactions, Balance
Sheet, Recording the business transactions, the Title Author/Publisher
Journal, Ledger and Trial balance. Accounting of 1. Agriculture in India Vol. I & II Kamar, L.S.S.
Sales, Purchases, Cash and Banking 2. An Introduction to Tropical Temporary H&D Grit,
Transactions. Income Statement, P & L Account & Agriculture H.
Balance Sheet. 3. A treatile in Horticulture Gilani, M.A.
4. An Introduction to Animal King Black Well,
b. Functions of Banks, Importance of a Commercial Husbandry J.O.L
Bank, Management & Organization of a
Commercial Bank, Credit Instruments, Banker & 5. Breading Field Crops Poehlman, The AVI
Customers Relationship. Features of Saving/Non- Publishing Co. West
checking, Current, fixed Term and Profile and Port, 1978.
Loss Showing Accounts, Bank Credit, Revenue 6. Disease of Field Crops. Dickson, J.G.
Sheet, Interest free Banking, Functions and
Powers of a Central Bank, The Control Bank as 7. Agricultural Insects Pests of Hill, S.D
the Government’s Banker, Agents and Advisors, Tropic and their control.
Roll of Central Bank in the under developed
money market. Money and its Forms, 8. Forest Ecology. Spurr, S. H.
Fundamentals of Monetary theory. 9. Fundamentals of Soil Science Foth, Joh Willey &
c. Nature, Scope and Importance of Business, Sons, New York, 1951.
Qualities of a Businessman, Organization- 10. Irrigation Principles and Practicals. Isrealson,O.W
Meaning, Types, Sole Proprietorship,
Partnerships. Co-Ownership Vs Partnership: 11. Manual of Plant Production. Abdul Manan
Classification of Partners, Duties Rights and
Liabilities of Partners, Dissolution of Partnership, 12. Principles of Agronomy Mudliar, W.T.S.
Forms and Business Partnership under Islamic 13. Principles of Field Crop Martin, J.H. &
Law, Joint Stock Company: Formation and Production. Leonard, W.H.
incorporation, Memorandum and Articles of
Association; Prospectus; shareholders, Financial 14. Principles of Genetics. Gardner, E.J
Needs of Business Types of Financing. Basic
15. Physiology of Crop Plants Gardner, Peares and
Patters of Capital Structure.
d. Principals of computing taxable income and total Mitchal
income for the purposes of Income Tax, Universal 16. The Nature and Properties of Soil Buckman, H.O. &
Self-Assessment. Bready, N.C.,
Specialized Knowledge of Income Tax will not be Macmillan, New York,
expected. Candidates will be required to have a sound grasp 1990.
of the provisions of Section 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 17. Physiology of Growth and Willking
39(3) and (4), 40, 72, 87, 92, 93, 98A, 98B, 98C, 101,
114(1), 114(3) and (4) 120, 122, 123, 124, 147, 176, First 18. Plant Pathology Agrioes.G.N.
Schedule and 2nd Schedule of Income Tax Ordinance 2001
as amended upto date and the connected Rules contained in _________________
Income Tax Rules, 2002.
7. APPLIED MATHEMATICS
6. AGRICULTURE Marks
Part ‘A’: 75
Marks–150 Part ‘B’: 75
___
1. Natural Resources (Land, Water, Biological, Environmental, Total: 150
Solar and Energy) as bases for agricultural production. Agriculture
as integrated system of components like Crops, Livestock, PART—A
Fisheries, Forestry, Range Management, Socio -economics etc.
Role of research and newer technologies in current and future Vector Analysis
agriculture in Pakistan.
2. Elements of climate and their relationship with crop growth, Vector algebra, scalar and vector product of two or
Factors of soil, Soil formation and development of soil profile, Soil more vectors, Function of a scalar variable, Gradient, divergence
texture and structure and their management, Soil fertility and and curl, Expansion formulae, curvilinear coordinates, Expansions
fertilizer requirement of various soils and crops, Role of organic for gradient, divergence and curl in orthogonal curvilinear
matter in soil; Water requirements of crops and water use coordinates, Line, surface and volume integrals, Green’s Stoke’s
efficiency, Cropping pattern and crop relations, Systems and types and Gauss’s theorems.
of farming; Nature, formation and reclamation of salt affected and
water-lodged soil, Soil erosion and conservation. Statics
3. Physiology of Growth and development, growth curves,
growth regions, RGR, NAR and LAR in relation to biomass
Composition and resolution of forces, Parallel forces,
production seed growth and assimilate partitioning. Harvest index.
and couples, Equilibrium of a system of coplanar forces, Centre of
Photoperiodic and thermoperiodic responses of crop plants,
mass and centre of gravity of a system of particles and rigid
photorespiration. Nirtrogen fixation, Nitrogen cycle, factors
bodies. Friction, Principle of virtual work and its applications,
affecting biological N-fixation.
equilibrium of forces in three dimensions.
4. The modern concept of genetics, gene and gene function,
application of genetics for the improvement of crops.
5. Modern concept of Horticultural Industry, Plant propagation. Dynamics
Major management and breeding problems in fruits and
Tangential, normal, radial and transverse components
vegetables.
of velocity and acceleration, Rectilinear motion with constant and
6. Pests and diseases of agricultural crops, Principles and
variable acceleration, Simple harmonic motion, work, Power and
methods of pest and diseases control, Pesticides--their application
Energy, Conservative forces and principles of energy, Principles of
and actgion. Modern concept and principles of insect pest
linear and angular momentum, Motion of a projectile, Ranges on
management.
horizontal and inclined planes, Parabola of safety. Motion under
7, Role of agriculture in the national economy. Agricultural
central forces, Apse and apsidal distances, planetary orbits,
mechanization. Land tenure and Land reforms. Population
Kepler’s laws, Moments and products of inertia of particles and
 9

rigid bodies, Kinetic energy and angular momentum of a rigid
body, Motion of rigid bodies, Compound pendulum. Impulsive
motion, collision of two spheres and coefficient of restitution.
PART-B
Differential Equations
Linear differential equations with constant and variable
coefficients. Non-linear equations. Systems of equations. Variation
of parameters and the power series method.
Formation of partial differential equations. Types of
integrals of partial differential equations, Partial differential
equations of first order. Partial differential equations with constant
coefficients, Monge’s method. Classification of partial differential
equations of second order. Laplace’s equation and its boundary
value problems. Standard solutions of wave equation and equation
of heat induction.
Tensor
Definition of tensors as invariant quantities. Coordinate
transformations. Contravariant and covariant laws of
transformation of the components of tensors. Addition and
multiplication of tensors. Contraction and inner product of tensors.
The Kronecker delta and Levi-Civita symbol. The metric tensor in
Cartesian, polar and other coordinates. Covariant derivatives and
the Christoffel symbols. The gradient, divergence and curl
operators in tensors in tensor notation.
Elements of Numerical Analysis
Solution of non-linear equations, Use of x=g (x) form.
Newton Raphson method, Solution of system of linear equations.
Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel Method. Numerical Integration.
Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule. Regula falsi and iterative method
for solving non-linear equation with convergence. Linear and
Lagrange interpolation. Graphical solution of linear programming
problems.
SUGGESTED READINGS
Title Author/Publisher
1. Classical Mechanics Goldstein
2. Lecturers on Ordinary Differential Hille, E.
Equations
(d) Literary History and Literary criticism-literary
movements, classical background, socio -cultural
influences and modern trends. Origin and development
of modern literary genres, including drama, novel,
short story, essay.
(e) Contribution of Arabs in the fields of science,
philosophy and linguistics with special reference to the
views of the Ibn Khaldun, Albiruni, Al-Jahiz, Ibn
Maskawaih, Ibn Maja, Al-Kasai and Sebawaih.
(f) A short introduction to Pakistani Arabic literature in the
fields of prose and poetry.
(g) The contemporary Arabic literature in Egypt, Lebanon
and Iraq with special emphasis on the literature of Al-
Mahjer and its out -standing representatives such as
Jabran Khalil Jabran, llia Abu Mehdhi, Mckhail
Naeema, and Umer Abu Risha.
2. A short Essay in Arabic.
3. Poetry
1. Imarul Qais: His Maullaqah:-
“Qifaa Nabki mim Zakraa Habibin Wa Manzili” (Complete)
2. Zahair Bin Abi Sulma: His Maullaqah:-
“A Min Umme Aufaa Dimnatun lam takalami” (Complete).
3. Hassan Bin Tabit : The following five Qasaid from his
Daiwan:From Qasidah No. 1 to Qasidah No. IV and the
Qasidah:-
Lillahi Darru Kaaba....Nadamtuhum.
4. Labeed : Afatiddiyaru Mahalluha Wa Maqammuha Mahmud
Timur: Story:
“Ammi Mutawalli” (From:)
5. Taufiq Al-Hakim: Dramas: Sirrul Muntahiraa” from his book
“Masra-hiyaatu Tufiqal Hakim”.
6. Dr. Rana M.N. Ehsan Elahie: Nafais Al-adab (P.U.B.A.
(Hons) Course.
7. Dr. Jalal al-Khayyat and others:
Jarikh-ul-Abad-il-Arabi-Hadith
8. Dr. Taha Hussain: Hadith al-Araba’a
9. Isa an-Na’uri: Adab al-mahier
10. George Saidah: Adabuna wal-Udaba fi Adab
al-Mahjer
11. Dr. De Boer: The History of Philosophy in
Islam.
SUGGESTED READING

3. Lecturers on Partial Differential Petrovosky, I.G. Title Author/Publisher

Equations
1. The Contribution of India to the Dr. Zubaid
4. Mechanics Symon, G.F. Arabic Literature. Ahmed.
5. Mechanics Ghori, Q. K
6. Mathematical Physics, An Mikhin, S.G.
Advanced Course
7. Ordinary Differential Equations Easthan, M.S.P.
8. Principles of Mechanics Synge and Griffith
9. Principles of Mechanics Hauser
10. Partial Differential Equations Sneddon. I.N.
11. Theoretical Mechanics Beckker
12. Theoretical Mechanics Bradsbury
13. Theory of ordinary differential Goddirgton, E.A.
equations and N. Livenision
14. Vector and Tensor Methods Charlton Jeffreya
Cartesian Tensors

__________

8. ARABIC
Marks–150

1. (a) The Pre-Islamic Arabic Literature.

(b). The Quran, its language, contents and style; its

influence on the subsequent literature.
(c) Quranic, semantics and etymology with special
reference to Ibn-Manzoor’s Lisan al’ Arab and Raghib 11. Litrary History of the Arabs Nicholson
al-Asfahani’s Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran. 12. Arabic Grammer Thatcher
 10

____________
10. PTEROPSIDA:
9.BOTANY
Ferns: General account, structure and life history of
Adiantum and Marailes.

MARKS 11. GYMNOSPERMAE:

Part ‘A’: Morphology of Plants 75
Part ‘B’: Anatomy, Cytology 75 General account with reference to structure and life history of
and Genetics Cycas, Pinus and Ephedra, and their affinities.
Morphology and
Taxonomy of
Angiosperms PART— B
Physiology and
Ecology
Morphology and Taxenomy of Angiosperm.
___
Total: 150
1) PLANT ANATOMY:

PART-A a) Scope of plant Anatomy.

b) Cell Wall: Middle Lamella, primary, secondary and
Definition, scope and classification of the plant kingdom. tertiary wall layers.
c) Structure and function of root and shoot apical
1. Viruses meristem.
d) Tissue systems: Parenchyma, collenchyma,
(i) Their structure and biochemical nature. sclerencyma and sclereids epidermis, xylem, phloem,
(ii) Introduction to Viral diseases: Tobacco mosaic vascular cambium.
disease. e) Primary structure; of a dicot and monocot root, stem
and leaf.
2. Bacteria f) Secondary growth of dicot ybdonous stem.

(i) General structure, classifications and Biological 2) CYTOLOGY:

importance (Role of Bacteria in Rhizosphere
Nodulation). i) The ultra structure of plant cell with a brief description of the
(ii) Role of Bacteria in Nitrogen Cycling. following compeneats.
(iii) General economic importance of Bacteria.
a) Cytoplasm
3. Fungi b) Plasmalemma
General structure, Occurrence, reproduction and c) Mitochondria
classification, life cycle, economic importance and methods of
control of pathogenic forms (Smuts and Rust). d) Plastids
e) Ribosomes
(i) Mastigo Mycotina: Albugo
(ii) Asco Mycotina: Penicillium, Yeast f) Dictyosomes
g) Vacuole
4. Algae
h) Nucleus
General structure, occurrence, reproduction and classification
ii) Mitosis and Meiosim in diploids including details of different
(i) Cyanophyta: General account with special phases.
emphasis on nitrogen fixation and soil building; iii) An elementary knowledge of physical and chemical structure
life cycle of Nostoc. for chromosomes.
(ii) Chlorophyta: General account economic iv) Changes in the number of chromosomes. Aneuploidy and
importance, life cycle of volvox spirogyra and Euploidy.
chara. v) Changes in the structure of chromosomes, deficiency,
(iii) Xanthophyta: General account and life cycle of duplication, inversion and translocation
vaucharis.
(iv) Bacillariophyta: General account, economic 3) GENETICS:
importance: life cycle of pinnularis.
(iv) Rhodophyta: General account, economic a) Introduction, Scope and brief history of genetics.
importance, life cycle of Batrachospermum. b) Mendelian inheritance: laws of segregation and
5. Lichens independent assortment, backcross; testcross,
Dominance and incomplete dominance. Inheritance of
General account: structure and life history of Physics. simple Mendelian characters such as albinism.
c) Sex linked inheritancel sex linkage in Drosophila and
6. BRYOPHYTA: (ATRACHEOPHYTA) man (colour blindness), XO, XY, WZ mechanism, sex
limited and sex-linked characters sex determination.
General account, reproduction, classification, affinities and d) Linkage and crossing over; definition; linkage groups,
ecological importance with special reference to the life cycle of construction of linkage maps
Marchantia. e) Structures and Function of Nucleic acid (RNA, DNA)
7. PSILOPSIDA: f) Application of genetics in plant improvement (Plant
Breeding)
(i) General account of fossils and methods of g) Evolution, the concept of evolution, causes of
fossilization, geological time scale. variability, gene mutation and recombination, selection.
(ii) General structure and life history of Psilotum, and
its affinities. 4). ANGIOSPERMS:

8. LYCOPSIDA a) General account of the life history

b) Binomial nomenclature.
General account, structure and life history of Selaginella and c) System of classification: Engler and Prantl.
its affinities. d) Terms used to desctibe root, stem, leaf, inflorescence
and flower.
9. SPHENOPSIDA: e) Study of the following families (distribution, diagnostic
characters and economic importance).
General account, structure and life history of Equiseturn.
 11

i. Brassicaceae SUGGESTED READINGS

ii. Euphonbiaceae
iii. Fabaceae 1. Smith, G.M, Cryptogamic Botany, Vol I&II National
iv. Mimosaceae Book Foundation, Islamabad.
v. Cesalpinaceae 2. Mclean, R.C. and Ivemey Cook, B.W.R. Text Book of
vi. Rutaceae Theoretical Botany. Longman Green & Co., London.
vii. Malvaceae 3. Bolt, H.C. Morphology of Plants, sec.ed. Harper &
viii. Cucurbitaceae Row N.Y..
ix. Solanaceae 4. Webster, J.W. (1980). An Introduction to Fungi,
x. Asteraceae National Book Foundation, Islamabad.
xi. Apiaceae 5. Cronquist. S. Basic Botany.
xii. Lamiaceae 6. Lowson and Sahni, Text Book of Botany, University
xiii. Poaceae Tutorial Press, London, 1972.
xiv. Liliaceae 7. Esau, K., An introduction to Anatomy of Seed Plant.
8. Eames, A.J. An introduction to Plant Anatomy.
9. Sinnot, E.W. & Dunn, L.S., Principles of Genetics,
PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY McGraw Hill Book Co.
10. Serband and Owen, General Genetics.
1. PHYSIOLOGY: 11. Jenkins, J.B., Genetics, Boston Houghton, Mifflin Co.,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.
1. Types and properties of solutions. Electrolytes and non- 12. Eric E. Conn. and P.K. Stumpf. Outlines of Bio-
electrolytes Methods of expressing concentration of solutions. Chemistry.
Acids, Bases and Salts. pH, definition of buffers and their roles in ________
Biological system. Colloidal systems, their nature, properties and
biological significance.
2. Diffusion, imbilition, osmosis and osmotic quantities 10. BRITISH HISTORY (FROM 1699 TO
(Osmotic potential, pressure potential, water potential) absorption, PRESENT TIME)
translocation and Transpiration. Factors effecting transpiration.
Stomatal physiology. Marks-150
3. Mineral uptake: Soil as source of minerals. Passive and
British History - The history of the British Isles and of the
active absorption. Essential mineral elements, their role and
British Empire and Commonwealth.
deficiency symptoms. Translocation of solutes (inorganic and
organic).
4. Enzymes: Definition, nature, properties and classification. PART–I Marks
5. Photosynthesis: Measurement, factors affecting this process,
concept of limiting factors; absorption and action spectra. From 1699 to 1850 75
Mechanism (dark fixation of Co2 and photophosphorylation) on the
basis of the two pigment system concept. Productgs of PART– II.
photosynthesis. Brief introduction to biological compound
(Carbohydrate, lipid and protein). From 1850 to the present time. 75
6. Respiration: Definition and mechanism,l Glycolysis Total: 150
(anaerobic respiration). Krebs cycle. Electron transport system and
oxidative phosphorylation. Respiratory substrate and respiratory
quotients. SUGGESTED READINGS
7. Nitrogen Metabolism: Protein synthesis, nitrification
denitrification, ammonification, Biological nitrogen fixation. Title Author/Publisher
8. Growth: Definition; role of auxins, gibberaellins and
Cytokinins in controlling growth. Introduction to plant tissue 1. A Text book of Modern English Southgate, G.W.
culture. History
9. Photoperiodism: Definition, historical background, short day,
long day and day neutral plants. Night interruption experiments. 2. A Text Book of European Southgate, G.W.
History
Hormonal concept in photoperiodism, role of phytochromes.
10. Dormancy: Definition and causes of dormancy, methods of 3. England in the Eighteenth Serlley, W.T.
breaking dormancy. Century
11. Vernalization: Annual and biennial forms-Hormonal Concept
and phasic development theory. 4. Europe Since Napoleon Thompsen, David, Penguin
12. Plant movements: Tropic movement, phototropism, Harmondswarth Books, London, 1992.
geotropism and their mechanism-Nastic and tactic movements.
5. English Social History Trevelyan, G.M.
2. ECOLOGY: 6. History of Britain Carter, E.H. Surjeet
Publication, Dehli, (nd)
1. Ecology: definition, scope and applications.
2. Species and population: level of organizations (organism, 7. History of England Wood, E.L.
population, community, ecosystem and biosphere- definitions 8. Modern Britain Derry, J.K. & Jarman T.L.
only).
3. Factors responsible for plant grouping with reference to 9. The Struggle for Mastery in Taylor, A.J.P.
Pakistan. Europe 1848-1918
4. Methods of study of plant communities: Quadrat method.
5. Plant succession and Climax Concept (Hydrosere and 10. The Penguin Dictionary of Williams, E.N.
Xerosere). English and European History
6. Ecosystem: concept of an ecosystem, pond, forest and 11. Britain Between the Wars Movat, Charles l.
grassland.
7. Productivity and Different methods to measure the 12. Democracy: Great 1815-1914 Bentley, Michael.
productivity of an ecosystem.
8. Ecological Energetics: Efficiency pyramid, food chains and ____________
food web, trophic levels.
9. Biogeochemical Cycles of P and N.
10. Soil: Definition of soil,different soil, parent materials, soil 11.CIVIL LAW
texture and classification, soil micro-organisms, soil organic matter Marks-150
(humus, properties of humus and its accumulation and loss).
Importance of organic matter; water logging and salinity causes, Qanun -e-Shahadat Order, The Civil Procedure Code, The
reclamation, soil erosion (different types of erosion, methods of limitation Act.
control and conservation). Note: Bare copies of the law will be provided.
____________
 12

13. M. Younas, “A Textbook of Organic Chemistry” Illmi Kitab

Khana, Laore.
14. T.R. Morrison and R.N. Boys, “Organic Chemistry”, Allya
and Basonics, USA.
12.CRIMINAL LAW
15. T.W.Graham Solomons, “Organic Chemistry” John Wiley &
Marks-150 Sons, Inc.USA.
16. I.L. Finer, “Organic Chemistry”, Long man group Ltd., U.K.
The Pakistan Penal Code, Qanun-e-Shahadat Order. The
Criminal Procedure Code. 17. P. Sykes, “A guidebook to Mechanism in Organic
Note: Bare copies of the law will be provided. Chemistry”, Longman Group Ltd., U.K.
_____________ ____________________
13. CHEMISTRY
14. ECONOMICS
Marks
Part “A” Physical Chemistry 50 Marks
Part “B” Inorganic Chemistry 50 Part “A: Basic Mathematics and Micro 75
Part “C” Organic Chemistry 50 Economics
Total: 150 Part ‘B’ Macro Economics and Economic
Development of Pakistan. _75
PART—A Total: 150

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. PART—A

Note: - 1. FUNCTIONS AND EQUATIONS:
All units should be expressed in SI System.
Functions: Relation vs Function. Variables, Constants and
STATES OF MATTER Parameters. Types of Functions: Liner and Non-Liner; Exponential
and Logarithmic. Graphical Presentation of Functions. Examples
Gases, Thermal Energy, Liquids, Solids, Colloids, Solutions, from Micro and Macro Economics: Partial Market Equilibrium;
Atomic and Molecular Structure, Thermodynamics, Chemical Linear and Quadratic Models. Equilibrium in National Income.
Equilibrium, Phase Equilibrium, Chemical Kinetics,
Electrochemistry, Nuclear Chemistry. DERIVATIVES:

PART —B The concept of Derivative. The concept of Limit and its

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Atomic Structure and Periodic Table, Chemical Bonding,
Chemistry of p-block Elements, Transition Elements (d block
elements), Modern Materials.
PART— C
ORGANIC CHEMISTY
Basic Concepts, Hydrocarbons, Stereoisomerism, Alkyl
Halide, The Hydroxyl Group and Ethers (Nature of hydroxyl group
in alcohol’s and phenols), The Carbonyl Group, Carboxylic Acids
and their Derivatives, Nitrogen Compounds, Carbohydrates.
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Text Book of Physical Chemistry for B.Sc students by Ali
Mohammad and Ghulam Rasool Chaudhry, Ameen
Publishers, Urdu, Bazar, Lahore.
relevance to Derivatives. Slope Vs Elasticity of a Function. Rules
of Differentiation: A constant, A power, Sum, Difference, Product
and Quotient Function Rule. The derivation of Marginal Quantities
in Economics. The calculation of Elasticity of Demand and
Supply.
3. MAXIMA AND MINIMA OF FUNCTIONS:
Criteria for Relative Maxima and Minima. First order
condition and Second order condition. Constrained Optimization.
Problems of Optimization in Economics: Profit, Utility and
Revenue Maximization. Cost Minimization. The Equilibrium of a
Consumer and a Firm. The least cost combination of inputs.
4. THE NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF MICRO
ECONOMICS:
Basic problems of Micro Economic Theory. The
Determination of Output composition. The Allocation of
Resources. The Distribution of the Product and the Maintenance
and Expansion to the Productive Capacity of the Economy. Market
Economy and the Treatment of Basic Economic Problems. The
Relatived Importance of Mark Mechanism in Capitalism,
Socialism and Islamic Economic System.

2. Text Book of Physical Chemistry for B.Sc. students by G. 5. THE THEORY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR:
Nabi, Publishers; IImi Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore. The Utility Theory of Consumer Behavior. Indifference
3. Physical Chemistry by W.J Moore, Longman Scientific and Preference Analysis. Indifference Curves and Marginal
Substitution. Cons Consumer Equilibrium. Income Substitution
Technical.
and Price Effect of a Normal, Inferior and Geffen Good.
4. Principles of Physical Chemistry by Marron and Prutton, The Derivation of Demand Curve from Price-Consumption Curve.
Macmillan Company. Revealed preference Theory, Price Income and Cross Elasticity
Demand and their Measurement.
5. Physical Chemistry by Atkins, Oxford University Press. 6. THE THEORY OF PRODUCTION COSTS AND
6. Text Books of Inorganic Chemistry (for B.Sc. students) by REVENUE:
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Ilmi,Kitab Khana Lahore. The Concept of Production Function, Iso-Quant and Iso -Cost
Curves .Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution. Optimal
7. Inorganic Chemistry, edited by Dr. Badar-ud-Din and Syed Combination of Resources. The Costs and Revenue of a Firm.
Maarghoob Ali Feroze sons, Lahore.
8. Concise Inorganic Chemistry by J, D. Van Nostrand
PART—B
Company Limited, London.
1. A FRAME-WORK FOR MACRO ECONOMICS
9. Fundamental concepts of Inorganic Chemistry by Esmarch S. Macro Economic vs Micro Economics. Macro Economic
Gilreath, Macgraw Hill. Problems: Unemployment, Inflation and Growth.

10. Inorganic Chemistry by T. Moellor, John Wiey Interscience. 2. DETERMINATION OF NATIONAL INCOME AND
11. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry by F.A. Cotton: and G. EMPLOYMENT: (Two sector Economy).
Wilkinson, John Wiley Interscien.
(i) The Classical Theory Employment.
12. Systematic Inorganic Chemistry by R.M. Cavan and G.D. Say’s Law of Markets. Aggregate Demand and the
Landay, B Lakie and Sons Ltd. Quantity Theory of Money. Real Wage Function.
 13

Classical Macro Economics System, its Diagramatic Five Year Plan) with reference to its Strategies, Objectives, Target
representation. Keynesian Critique of the Classical and Achievements. Role of Annual Planning in Economics
System. Development.

(ii) Keynesian Theory of Income and Employment: 13. RESOURCE MOBILIZATION FOR PLANNED
Equilibrium Level of National Income: Saving and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN:
Investment Approach; Consumption and Investment
Approach. Relation Between Investment and Income. (i) Financial Resources:
Investment Multiplier. Inflationary and Deflationary Domestic and Foreign Resources of Pakistan. Extent of
Gaps and Full Employment Level. Pakistan’s Dependence on Foreign Aid and Debt
Servicing Problem.
3. DETERMINANTS OF NATIONAL INCOME: (Two
(ii) Human Resources:
Sector Economy): Human Resource Mobilization in Pakistan. The Need
and Role of Manpower Planning.
(i) Consumption:
Consumption and Saving Functions. Keynesian
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
Prychological Law of Consumption. Determinants of
Consumption. Explanation of the Observed
Relationship between consumption and Income 1. Chieng, Alpha C. Fundamental Methods of
Relative Income, Permanent Income and Life Cycle Mathematical Economics’ 3 rd Edition.
Theories of Consumption.
2. . J. Parry Lewis “An Introduction to Mathematics” and
(ii) Investment: 2 nd Edition.
Investment and Capital Determinants of Investment. 3. Ferguson & Gould’s “Microeconomic Theory” 6 Edition.
Marginal Efficiency of Capital (MEC) and Marginal
Efficiency of Investment (MEI). Optimal Level of 4. Glahe, Fred R.” Macroeconomics” 2 nd Edition.
Investment. The Principals of Acceleration.
5. Prof. Abdul Ghani Chaudhary ? ??? ??? ? ???
4. GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM IN THE GOODS AND
MONEY MARKET: 6. Dr. Muhammad Hussain Chaudhary? ?????? ??? ? ?
The Derivation of IS Function in the Goods Market. The ________________
Slope and position of IS Curve. The Derivation of LM Function in 15. ENGLISH LITERATURE
the Money Market. The Demand for and Supply of Money. The
Interest Rate. The Slope of position of LM Curve. Simultaneous
Marks
Equilibrium in the goods and Money Market. Adjustments towards
Part-A: 75
Equilibrium.
Part-B: 75
Total: 150
5. FLUCTUATIONS IN NATIONAL INCOME:
Business Cycles and their main Features. Interaction of
Multiplier and Accelerrator. Counter-Cyclical Measures. PART—A

6. MONETARY INFLUENCE ON INCOME Detailed study of a literary age (19 th century)

DETERMINATION:
Monetary Policy: Its Nature, Objectives and Instruments. The paper will cover the study of English literature from
Influence of Monetary Policy on Income Determination (by 1798 to 1900 with special reference to the works of W. Blake,
affecting C+I+G). Money and Inflation Stagflation. Wordsworth, Shelley, Keats, Byron, Charles Lamb, Dickens,
Tennyson, Robert Browning, Hardy, George Eliot, J.S. mill,
7. FISCAL POLICY AND INCOME DETERMINATION: Ruskin and Oscar Wilde.
Fiscal Policy: Its Nature, Objective and Instruments. The Evidence of first -hand reading will be required. The paper
Impact of Government Expenditure, Taxes and Transfer Payments will be designed to test not only the candidates knowledge of the
in the Equilibrium Level of National Income. prescribed authors works but also their understanding of the main
literary trends during the period Questions having a bearing on the
8. INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INCOME social and cultural back-ground of the period also be included.
DETERMINATION:
PART—B
Theory of Comparative Advantage. Classical and Hackcher-
Ohlin Thlin Theory, Balance of Payments. Disequilibrium and The paper will require first hand knowledge of the text
Adjustment Policies. Devaluation and Revaluation, Depreciation prescribed as well as general awareness of the authors major
and Appreciation of Exchange Rates. Determination of National works, and will be designed to test the candidates critical ability.
Income in a Four Sector Economy. The Foreign Trade Multiplier
and Changes in the Level of Income. 1. Shakespeare Hamlet
2. Swift Gullivers Travels
9. THE CONCEPT AND MEASUREMENT OF 3. Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 4. Shaw Pygmalion
5. Yeats The Second Coming, sailing to
Main Features of Developing Economy with Special Byzanthium,Among
Reference to Pakistan. School Children.
6. T.S. Eliot The Waste Land
10. AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY: 7 D.H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers
8. Earnest Hemingway Old Man & The Sea
Relative Importance of Agricultural and Industrial Sectors in 9. Samuel Backet Waiting for Godot
the Economic Development of Pakistan. 10. Robert Frost The Pasture,
Revelation. The
11. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH Tuft of Flowers,
PLANNING: After-Apple—
Picking Mending
Need and Role of Development Planning. Market Wall, The Road not
Imperfections and Price Distortions. Short Term Medium Term Taken, And Old
and Long Term Plans. Formulation of Objectives, Targets and Man’s Winter Night,
Strategy in Development Planning. Birches, Fire and
Ice, Stopping by
12. ECONOMIC PLANNING IN PAKISTAN. Woods, West -
running brook,
Planning Machinery in Pakistan. Justification of Economic Desert Places.
Planning in Pakistan. Factors Probibitive in Effective Planning in
Pakistan. Critical Evaluation of the last Five Year Plan (Seventh
 14

SUGGESTED READINGS Treaty of Chaunmont, First treaty of Paris, Second treaty of

Paris, Treaty of Vienna, Holy Alliance. Quadruple Alliance,
Title Author/Publisher Congress System and failure of congress system, British
1. After Strange Gods Eliot, T.S. Leadership.
2. A Guide to English Literature Ford,B.Pelican
Series 7 Vols IV. England 1814 to 1833:
3. Common Pursuit Leavis, F.R
4. D.H. Lawrence Leavis, F.R. Effects of War period, constitutional development, progress
5. Dickens, the Novelist Leavis, F.R. in Industry, Agriculture and Culture.
6. Gulliver and the Gentle Reader Rowson, C.J.
7. George Eliot:The Critical Caroll, D. (ed) V. Europe 1815 to 1848:
Heritage
8. History of English Literature Legouis and The forces of continuity and reaction, Metternich system, the
Cazamian, force of change and progress, nationalism, Democracy, Liberalism,
Oxford, New Socialism, Revolution in France 1830, Revolution in France in
York, 1956. 1848 and the sequence of revolutions in Europe.
9. History of English Literature Hudson
10. Hardy, the Novelist Cecil, D. VI. The Eastern question 1820 to 1878:
11. Hardy: The Critical Heritage Cox, R.G. (ed)
12. In Memorium in Essay Ancient Eliot, T.S. And Background the Greek Revolt 1820 to Independence 1832,
Modern the Crimean War 1853 to 1856 and Peace Treaty of Paris, Pan
13. Lawrence Kermode, F. Slavision, the Russo-Turkish War 1877, the treaty of San Stefano.
14. Romantic Poetry Abrahams, M.H The Congress and the treaty of Berlin 1878.
15. Robert Browning Amstrange, J.
(ed). VII. Risorginmento and the Union of Italy:
16. Swift Steel, P. Preacher
and Jester Revolutionary movements in Italy, Mazzini, Cavour and
other architects of Italian unification, Napoleon III and Italian
17. Shakespeare’s Later Comedies; Parlmer, D.J (ed) Unity, Foreign Policy of Italy after unification to 1914.
anthology of Modern Criticism
18. The World of Swift Vickers, B.(ed). VIII. Unification of Germany:
19. The Art of Swift Probyn, C.T.
20. The Dark Sun, a Study of Hough, Graham Background, Napoleon and Germany, Rise of Prussia,
Lawrence Zollverein, revolution of 1848 and Germany, rise of Bismark and
21. The Love Ethics of Lawrence Silk, M. his role as architect of German Unity, Wars with Denmark, Austria
22. The Lonely Tower Studies in Henna, T.R and France, Domestic and foreign policy of Bismark from 1870 to
the Poetry of Yeats. 1890. Foreign Policy of Germany from 1890 to 1914.
23. The Last Romantics Hough, G.
24. The Wheel of Fire Knight, G. Wilson IX. The growth of Colonisation and of Overseas Empire
1815—92:
th
25. The 19 Century Back Ground Basil Willey
26. The Great Tradition Leavis, F.R. Different forms of colonisation, British Colonial policy and
27. The Odes of Keats Holloway, T. expansion, The French Colonial Policy and expansion, The French
Camb in North Africa, Suez Canal, Anglo French Control in Egypt,
28. Tennyson Ricks, C. Russia in the Caucasus and Turkistan, Anglo -Russian results of
29. Tennyson: The Critical Heritage Jump, J.D. Colonial development.

30. The Poetry of Browning Drew, P. X. England 1893 to 1910:

31. Use of Poetry & Use of Eliot, T.S.
Criticism Social and constitutional reforms, material progress, social
32. 20 th Century Views Abrahams, .M.H. thought and culture.
33. The Romantics Image Kermode, F.
XI. Road to the First World War:
_________________
Alliances and counter alliances, Drickaiserbund, Austro
German alliance 1879, Triple alliance 1882. The formation of
16. EUROPEAN HISTORY(FROM 1789 TO Dualalliance 1891-93, Anglo-Japanese alliance, French British and
Russo British Entente, their crises—Algeeiras, Bosnia Agadir,
PRESENT TIME) German Navy, Baghdad Railway, Balkan crises. The cause of First
World War.
Total PART—B
EUROPEAN HISTORY (1914—Present Time)
Part-A: 75
Part-B: 75
I. First World War:
Total: 150
Events—U.S.A.’s entry into the War, wilson’s 14 points, the
PART—A choice of the Turks, War in the Middle East Britain’s Middle East
Policy during the War, Balfour Declaration, Defeat of Germany,
(1789—1914) Austria and Turkey, effects of the War.
I. French Revolution:
II. Peace Treaties:
Background, Old Regime, Philosophers, Estate General,
National Assembly; England’s Reaction, Parties in the Legislative The Treaty of Versailles, The big four, The basis of the
Assembly. The fall of Monarchy, European coalition against Treaty, The Treaty of Versailles and the U.S. The treaties of St.
France and the War, the second and the third partition of Poland, Germain and Trianon, the Treaty of Serres, the Treaty of
the Terror and the end of Terror, France and Europe 1793--95 Lausanne.

II. Napoleon Bonaparte: III. The League of Nations:

The rise of Napoleon to power, Napoleon as Emperor,
statesman and warrier, Napoleon and Europe, the continental
system, the fall of Napoleon, England’s role in the catastrophe of
Napoleon.
III. Vienna Settlement and concept of Europe:
The Covenant, the League between the two Wars, causes of
failure.
IV. Marxism and the Soviet Union:
The Russian Revolution 1917, Lenin, The Third International
1919, Civil War in Russia, Trotsky. The Constitution of the
 15

U.S.S.R. Stalin, First Five year Plan, Pruges, The Russian foreign 1905-1970
policy between the two wars.
7. Europe Since Napoleon Thompson, D.
V. Italy ad Fascism: Penguin Books,
London, 1992.
Effects of the War on Italy, Mussolini’s rise to power,
Fascist party ad Principles, Italy’s foreign policy between the two 8. Europe Since 1870 Toll, James.
wars.
9. International Relations Between the Carr, E.H.
VI. Germany and Nazism: Two World Wars
10. Modern Europe in the Making from Fasal, G.
Germany from the Versailles Treaty to Hitler, Origins of the French Revolution to the
Nazism, ‘Mein Kamph’, Hitler’s rise to power, Domestic Policy of Common Market
Hitler, the Totalitarian Stat e, Hitler’s foreign policy.
11. The Age of Progress Colins, Irene
VII. France between the two Wars:
12. The Norton History of Modern Gilbert, F.
Europe
Defects of the French Constitution, collapse of the Third
republic, Foreign Policy of France between the Wars. 13. The European Powers and the Mosse, W.E.
German Question 1948-1971
VIII. England between the two Wars:
14. The History of Modern Europe 1889- Nicolson, H.
Disadvantages of Parliamentary Government, Cabinet 1917
Government in England. Depression of 1929 and England,
Stability of British Common Wealth, Foreign Policy of England 15. The Struggle for Mastery in Europe Taylor, A.J.P
1848-1918
between the Wars.
16. The First World War Taylor, A.J.P
IX. The Second World War:
17. The Origions of the Second World Taylor, A.J.P
Causes, the events, Atlantic Charter, Tehran, Yalta and War
Potsdam conferences, the allied victory, effect of the war.
18. Western Civilization 2 volumes Burns, E.M.
X. The U.N.O.: 19. The Eve of European Era 1890 to the Gilbirt, Flix
Present
Origin, the Charter of the U.N.O., U.N.O. as peace keeping
force. 20. The Age of Revolution and Reaction Breving, Charles
1789-1850
XI. The Political State of Europe 1945—50: 21. The Age of Nationalism and 1850- Rich, Norman
1890
The new Balance of Power in Europe, Russian domination of
Eastern Europe, Decisions on Germany’s Future, Economic ____________
Collapse of Western Europe and recovery, Marshall Plan, Cold
War, the Blockade of Berlin, N.A.T.O. 17. FORESTRY
XII. The Rise of Russia as a Great Power: Marks-150
The effects of the War on Russia, the fruit of victory,
Warsaw Pact, Russia’s effort s to spread its influence in Eastern (i) Ecology and General Silviculture.
Europe Asia, Africa and Latin-America 1945 to 1960. (ii) Forest Statistics, Mensuration and Research
Methods.
XIII. France after the Second World War: (iii) Forest Management and Economics.
(iv) Water Shed Management.
Fourth French Republic, French Colonial Policy after Second (v) Range Management.
World War, Algeria, Indochina, De Gaule’s domestic and foreign (vi) Forests surveying and Engineering.
policy. (vii) Forest Policy, Law and Protection.
(viii) Forest Biology, Wildlife and Natural Park
XIV. England after the Second World War: Management.

The rise of Labour Party, Economic Policy of the Labout SUGGESTED READINGS
Party’s Government, England’s Colonial Policy after the Second
World War, Decline of England as World Power, British Common Title Author/Publisher
Wealth, England and the Common Market, England and the
Middle East 1945 to 1960. 1. Manual of Silviculture for Champion, Seth &
Pakistan Khattak, G.M
XV. Europe and common Market: 2. Forest Types of Pakistan -do-
The origin and evolution of the European Common Market 3. Principles of Silviculture Daniel, T.W.
upto 1960. Helm & Baker

SUGGESTED READINGS 4. Plant & Environment Daubenmire, R,

John Willey &
Sons, New York,
Title Author/Publisher 1984.
1. An Intellectual History of Modern Stromberg, R.N 5. Elementary Forest Mensuration Jerram, M.R.K.
Europe
6. Natural Reso urces Measurement Avery. T.E.
2. A History of Modern World Palmer, R.
7. Forest Management Khattak, G.M.
3. A History of Modern France 1871- Cobban, Afred
1962 8. Fundamental of Forestry Duerr, W.A.
Economics
4. Europe Since 1815 Craig, G.A.
9. Surveying and Levelling Kanetkar, T.P, and
5. Europe in the Ninteenth Century Agatha Ramm Kulkarni
1789-1905
10. Rasul Manual for Subordinate Anon
6. Europe in the Twentieth Century Agatha Ramm Engineers, Surveying Part-I
 16

11. Material of Construction Syed Z. H.

(e) Environmental Problems:
12. Forest Engineering (Roads & Harrison, J.L.
Bridges) Ecosystem and environmental degradation.
13. The Pakistan Forest Act, 1927 (f) Regional Geography
14. Principles of Forest Policy Worrell
Study of South Asia with special emphasis on Pakistan
15. Forest Protection Hawley & Stickle under the headings: Resource base (Physical, human and
economic), transport, trade and International relations.
16. Forests & Forestry in Pakistan Sheikh, M.I. &
Hafeez, M.
17. Range Management Stoodart, Smith
and Box
SUGGESTED READINGS
18. Vegetation & Watershed Colman, E.A.
Management Author Title/Publisher
__________ 1. TAYLOR (1993) Integrated Physical
18. GEOGRAPHY. Geography London,
Longman
Marks 2. THORONBURY, W (1991) Principles of
Part ‘A’: Physical Geography; 75 Geomorphology, New York;
Part ‘B’: Human & Regional Geography : 75 John Wiley
3. MCLLVEEN, L.F.R. (1991) Fundamental of Weather and
Total: 150 Climate London:
Champan & Hall.

4. MONKHOUSE, F.J. (1988) Principles of Physical

PART — A Geography
London: Holder & Stoughton.
1.THE EARTH AND ITS ORIGIN
5. STRAHLER, A.H. & (1982) Modern Physical Geography
The Universe, the Solar System and the Earth, Earth’s origin, STRAHLER.A.N. 4 th Ed. New York, John
shape and size, rotation and revolution, composition and structure, Wiley.
distribution of land and water. Earth’s geological history; Origin 6. MILLER, E.W. (1985) Physical Geography
and evolution of life on Earth. Columbus: Charles E.
Merrill.
2. ATMOSPHERE. 7. KIMNG, C.A.M. (1980) Physical Geography
Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Composition and structure of Atmosphere, Atmospheric
temperature and pressure, Air masses and fronts. 8. TREWARTHA, G.T. Physical Elements of
Cyclones and weather disturbances, Atmospheric moisture and ROBINSON, A.H. (1967) Geography 5 th Ed.
precipitation Climatic classification: Koppen’s classification with
special reference to the following types: Af, Am, Bsh, Cs and Df. HAMMOND, E.H. New York: McGraw Hill

9. DE BLIJ,H.J & M (1993) Physical Geography of the

3. LITOSPHERE
MULLER, P.O Global Environment. New
York, John Wileg
Internal structure of the Earth, Rocks-Origin, formation and types
(Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic),Plate Tectonics,
10. BRADNOCK, R.W. (1982) Agricultural chainge in South
Mountain building, volcanic activity, Geomorphic processes-
Asia. London John Murray.
internal and external, Weathering, mass wasting, erosion and
deposition, cycle of erosion, Landforms produced by surface
11. JOHNSON, B.L.C. (1979) Pakistan
water, ground water, wind and glaciers, Formation and types of London: Heinemann.
soils.
12. SPATE, O.H.K. and India and Pakistan
LEARMONTH, (1986) London: Methuen.
4. HYDROSPHERE
A.T.A.
13. DE BLIJ, H.J. (1996) Human Geography Cultural
Configuration of ocean floor, Ocean deposits, Composition,
5 th Ed. New York: John
temperature, and salinity of ocean water, Movements of the ocean
Willege.
water; waves, currents and tides.
14. GOUDIE, A. (1994) The Human Impact on the
PART — B Natural Environment
Oxford: Blacksell
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 15. HORNE, B. (1993) The Integrated Human
Geography London:
(a) Man-environment Interaction: Longman.
16. GREGORY, D. & Horizons in Human
Themes of environmental determinism, and perception NALFORD, R. (1992) Geography.
London. Macmillan.
(b) Population:
17. BARRETT, H. (1992) Population Geography
Distribution, age and sex structure, population hange (natural London: Longman.
increase and migration).
18. BRADNOCK, R.W. (1992) Hand Book of South Asia.
(c) Settlements: London.
Rural, urban; location, form and function of settlements, Central 19. KURESHY, K.U. (1986) Geography of Pakistan
Place Theory. Lahore: Hafeez Press.

(d) Economic Activity:

20. BRADFORD, M.G. Human Geography
Locational characteristics of primary, secondary, tertiary and AND KENT, W.A. (1986) O.U..P.
quateranary activities,
21. RUBENSEIN, J.M The Cultural Landscape: An
 17

BACON, R.S. (1983) Introduction to Human

Geography. New Delhi PART —B
Prentice Haees.
GEOMOPHOLOGY.
22. DEBLIJ H.J. (1982) Human Geography. New
York, John Wiley. Weathering and soils: Processes of physical and chemical
weathering: their effects: growth and nature of soils.
__________ Fluvel Processes: Valley development: Base level and its
types: drainage Patterns and their significance; Concept of a
Geomorphic cycle; Rejuvination and its evidence; Aggregation;
19. GEOLOGY River Terrance and their significance.
Glaiation: Types of Glacier; Giacial Erosional Feature; the
undistratified Deposit (Till).
Marks
Wind Action; Wind Erosional land forms, Dunes and Locess.
Introduction of modern trends and techniques.
Part ‘A’: General Geology: Mineralogy 75
Petrographo
PALAEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY.
Part ‘B’: Geomorphology: Palaeontology/ 75
Stratigraphy (i) Palaeontology: Fossils and their preservation. Morphology,
Total: 150 evolution and geologic distribution of major invertebrate phyla.
Micropaleontology of Foraminifera. Vertebrate and plant fossils.
PART —A
(ii) Stratigraphy: Stratigraphic nomenclature, and stratigraphic
GENERAL GEOLOGY:
codes. Principles of correlation. Sedimentary basins of Pakistan
and detailed stratigraphy of type sections .l
The earth as a planet, its place in the universe and its
origin. Introduction to Geomagnetism and the earth’s gravity field.
Geological Significance.
Earthquakes, the internal structure of the earth the age of the earth.
Protozoa: Morphological features of the forminiferal test,
Volcanism, the material and Chemistry of the earth crust, plutonic
characteristics features of Nummulites, Discocycline, Operaculina
rocks, metamorphic rocks.
Assitiana, Leagena, Nodosaria, Lenticulina, Textularia, Uvigerina,
Faulting and Folding epeirognenic forces and Isostacy,
Globigerina, Triloculina, Ammonia, Geological Significance of
Nature of Jointing and cleavage.
forminifera,
Introduction of modern trends and techniques
Coelenterata: Morphology of Rugose, Seleractonian
(Hexadorals) and Tabulate Corals and their geological distribution
Mineralogy And Petrography characteristic features of Calceola, Zephrentls, Heliophyhum,
Parasmilia, Streptelaema, Lithostrotion, Lonsdaleia Fevosites,
(i) Elementary Crystallography.
Halysites.
Formation of crystals, development of the science of
Graptozoa: Morphological features, evolution and geological
Crystallography. Regular arrangement of point in space, the space
importance of Graptolites, characteristic features of Monograptus,
lattice, Elemeuts of symmetry, relation of crystal lattice to the
Diplogeraptus, Tetragraptus Phylograptus Didymograptus,
crystal symmetry, Crystal forces, each figures and solution pits,
crystal axes and Miller Indices, Crystal edges, lattice rows and
Bryoaoz: Salient features of Brozoans and their seological
zone axes. The choice of axes in crystals. The crystal classes.
importance.
Symmetry Operations, Triclinic System, Monoclinic
System, Hexagonal System, Tetragonal System and Cubic System.
Echinoderma: Morphology of the ancient and modern
Crystal aggregates, twinned asrystals, effect of
Echinoid Tests and their geological range, Characteristic features
twinning, causes of twinning.
of Cidaris, Micraster, Clypeus, Scutelle. Hemicidaris Conulus,
Morphological Features of the crinosds and their geological
(ii) Physical properties of Minerals:
distripution characteristic features of Encrinns.
Colour, Streak: Cleavage Parting, fracture: hardness,
Pentacrinus, Apiocrinus. Salient features of Blastoid genus
tenacity: specific gravity properties depending upon light,
Pentremites
electricity, magnetism and heat.
Classification and description of common mineral
Brachlopodda: Morphology of the Brachiopod shells and
groups, namely: Native Elements, Sulphides, Sulphosalts Oxides,
their geological distribution, characteristic features of Productus,
Halides, Carbonates, Nitrates, Borates, Chromatek, Sulphates
Spirifer, Terebratula, Atrypa, Derbyia, Atgyis, Hebertella,
Molyosdtes, Tungstateat, Phosphates, Vanadates, Sillicates.
Streptorhynchus, Spirigerella

Mollusac: Morbhology of the Lamellibranch shells,

characteristic feature of Area, Glycime is, Trigonia Venus, Pect en,
iii) Elementary Classification of rocks and their Petrography:
Ostrea, Exogyra, Gryphaea, Gervillea, Inceramus,
Forms Igneous Rock Bodies, nature of magma,
sequence of events in the systallization of magma, textures and
Hippuritis, Morphologieal features of the Gastropod shall,
classification of igneous rocks on the basis of filed, textural
characteristic features of Bellerophin, Trochuis, Nerinea, Fusus,
mineralogical and chemical criteria. The clan concept and
Turritella, Cerithium. Murex Voluta, Conus, Motphological
Petrography of common rock types in (i) Ulteramafic Clan (ii)
seatures and geological importance of Caphalopods, Characteristic
Cala-Alkali Gabro Clan (iii) Diorite Monzonite and Syenith Clans
feature of Nautilus, Orthoceras Harrisoceras, Goniatites, Ceraties,
(iv) Granodiorite, Adamellite and Granite clans. Introduction to
Baculites, Hildoeceras, Bouleiceras Perisphinctes, Belemnopsists.
petrogenesis of Igneous. Rocks structures in Igneous rokes.
Pyroclastie Rocks:
Arthopoada: Morphological fearures of Trilobbotes and their
Classification of volcanic ejecta according to size,
geologlcol significance characteristic feature of Trmuicleus,
mode of origin and composition, Alteration
Paradoxides, Calymene, Redlichia, Phacops.
Metamorphic Rocks:
Concepts of regional contact and dynamic metamorphism, SUGGESTED READINGS
petrography of common types(Gneiss schist Quartzite, slate narble,
serpentine, hornfelse, cataclastic and myllmites), 1. Principles of Physical Geology 2 nd Edition, Holmes.

Sedimentary Rocks: 2. Introduction to Physical Geology: Longwell and Flaint.

Petrography of common varieties calcareous, arenaccous,
3. Dana’s Manual of Mineralogy: Hurlbut.
rudaccoas argillaecous sedimentary rocks. Texture, size sorting,
sphericity, roundoens packing and orlentat ion minerani grains in 4. Minerals and the Microscope: Smith revised by M.K. Wells.
sediments.
Introduction of modern trends and techniques. 5. Principles of Petrology; G.W. Tyroll.
 18

6. Petrology for Students; A. Horkar. and Security in Nuclear Age (Deterrence, Limited war, Crisis
Management etc). Détente.
7. Petrology of the Igneous Rocks; F.H. Hotch and M.K. Wells
(11 th Edn.)
PARTC
8. Metamorphism: Harkar.
9. The study of Rocks in this Section; W.W. Moorhouse, 1964 1. Foreign Policies of the Superpowers, major powers (USA,
(I.S.E.) USSR, China) with special reference to South Asia (India,
Pakistan, etc.).
10. Invertcprate Fossils; Niirem Kakucker/Fischer. 2. Issues in global Politics.
i) Nuclear Proliferation.
11. Stratigraphy an Introduction to Principles: D.T. Donovon, ii) Superpower rivalry in the Indian Ocean.
1966.
iii) International economic order.
12. Petrology: Haung. iv) Regional Security issues and crises
(Afghanistan Crises. ranIraq war.
13. Optical Mineralogy: P.F. Kerr. Palestine problem, Aparthied and South
Africa. Namibia, Polish crises,
14. Minerology : Berry and Mason.
Eurocommunism, Central American crises etc.)
15. Recognition of structural features and their orientation. v) Arms Control and disarmament.
16. Geological Raw material, Mining and Industry. SUGGESTED READINGS

________________ Title Author/Publisher

1. International Politics K.J. Holsti,
20. INDIAN HISTORY (PRE-MUSLIM, Prentice Hall,
MUSLIM PERIOD AND BRITISH RULE) INC, New Jersey,
1977.
2. Politics Among Nations Hans Morgenthan,
Marks—150 Vanguard,
Lahore, 1991.
SUGGESTED READINGS 3. World Politics: An Introduction James N. Rosenau
4. An Introduction to International Theodor
1 Sir Wolsely Haig, The Cambridge History of India(Relevent Politics: Power and Justice Contobius and
Volumns), Oxford History of India, Books IV-X. Thomas Wolfe,
2 R.C. Majumdar, An Advanced History of India, Part II-III. Prentice Hall,
3 S.M. Ikram, A History of Muslim Civilization in India and INC, New Jersey,
Pakistan 1978.
4 S.M. Ikram, History of Muslim Rule in India 5. Contending Theories of Tames Dougherty
5 Stanley Lane-Poole, Medieval India Under Mohammadan International Relations
Rule 6. Issues in Global Politics Gavin Boyd
6 Edwards and Garrett, Mughal Rule in India 7. World Politics Since 1945 Peter Caluocorassi
7 Rushtrook-Willims, An Empire Builder of the Sixteenth 8. International Relations: Peace or Richard
Century War Rosecrance
8 R.R. Tripathi, Some Aspects of Muslims Administration 9. Relations of Nations Frederic Hartman
9 N.N. Law, Promotion of Learning in India Under 10. Indian Ocean and Superpowers: Rasul Bux Rais
Muhammadan Rule Economic, Political and Strategic
10 I.H. Qureshi, The Administration of the Sultanate of Delhi Perspectives
11 P.E. Roberts, History of India 11. Sanctuary and War Pervaiz Iqbal
12 Thompson and Garratt, British Rule in India Cheema
13 Sir C. Ilbert, The Government of India, A Historical Survey 12. Contemporary Strategy: Theories J. Baylis, K.
14 A.B. Keith, Constitutional History of India and Policies Booth. P.
15 P.J. Griffiths, The British Impact on India Williams, J.
16 Yusuf Ali, A Cultural History of India During the British Garnet
Period
17 J.N. Farquhar, Modern Religious Movements in India ___________________
18 Sayyid Ahmad Khan, The Causes of the Indian Revolt
19 W.C. Smith, Modern Islam in India
20 K. Ingham, Reformers of India 22. ISLAMIC HISTORY (FROM
21 E.A. Horne, Political System of British India
22 W.R. Lumby, Transfer of Power in India HOLYPROPHET TO PRESENT
23 Abdul Hameed, Muslim Separatism in India MUSLIM WORLD)
___________________
Marks—150

21. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Holy Prophet at Mecca and Madina (570-632)

Marks  150 Sociopolitical Conditions of Arabia Before Islam.

PART A
1 The modern state systemhistory, basic features, evolving
forms.
2 International Relations as a field of study, Basic
ApproachesPower, Balance of Power, Imperialism, Nationalism.
3 Interaction between statesdiplomacy, International Law,
international economic and trade linkagespressures in world
politics.
PARTB
Biography of the Holy Prophet (S.A.S). Preservation of Quran and
Hadith. Formation of Islamic State at Madina. Moral, Political,
Socioeconomic and Judicial System of Islam.
The Pious Caliphate (632-661)
Foundation of Islamic State. Expansion of Islam Outside
Arabia.Administration of the Conquered Lands. Socioeconomic
Contacts Between Arab and non-Arab Muslims. Character and
Achievements of the Pious Caliphate. The First Civil War (656-
661) and Rise of Sectarianism

1. Evolution of the International System since 1815 (Congress
of Vienna) Historical Overview.
2. World War I. II. Decolonization. Rise of the Third World
Alliance System (NATO, SEATO, CENTO, WARSAW PACT)
Peaceful coexistence: Non-Aligned Movement, Theories of Peace
The Umayyads (750-661)
Establishment of the Umayyad Dynasty. Conquests,
Political Administration and Reforms. Intellectual Life Under the
Umayyads. Rise and fall of Muslim Rule in Spain. Rise of Higher
Education in Muslim Spain
 19

Egypt and North Africa (600-1300) Islam, 1994. Bloom

25. Scholars, Saints, and Sufis: N.R. Kiddie, (ed)
Conquest of Egypt and the Arab Expansion in North Muslim Religious Institutions in
Africa. Arabicization of Africa. Egypt Under the Fatimids and the the Middle East since, 1500,
Mamluks 1982
_______________
The Abbasids (662-1258) 23. MUSLIM LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE
Foundation of the Abbasid Dynasty. State and Society
Under the Abbasids. Intellectual, Literary and Scientific Progress.
Marks—150
Art, Architecture and Education. Caliphate Dismembered, Rise of 1. The Islamic Law as Administered in Pakistan.
Petty Dynasties. The Ghaznavids, the Saljuqs, the Timurids. The 2. Principles of the Islamic Jurisprudence.
Crusades. The fall of Baghdad (1258). Great Muslim Leaders and
Scholars From 10 th to 14 th Century. Candidates will be expected to show some familiarity with
The Ottoman Empire (1300-1923) the original sources.
Ottoman Conquests in Eastern Europe, Middle East and SUGGESTED READINGS
North Africa.Ottomans’ Rivalry with The Saffvids. Salient
Features of Ottoman Administration. Western Imperialism and Title Author/Publisher
Ottoman Empire.Ottomans’ Attempts at Reforms. World War I
and Dismemberment of Ottoman Empire. 1. Principles of Mohammadan Law Mulla, D.F.
2. The Principles of Mohammadan Sir Abdur
Modern Middle East and North Africa (1914-Present) Jurisprudence. Rahim
European Colonization of North Africa.Arab Nationalism. _____________
Establishment of the Turkish Republic. Modern Turkey, Egypt, 24. PERSIAN
Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria-Lebanon and Jordan. Independence
and Self-Rule in the Middle East. World War II and the Middle
East. Jewish Immigration in Palestine. Arab-Israeli Conflicts, and Marks 150
the Question of Palestine. Modern Arab Political Thought. PART—A
Socioeconomic and Political Impact of Oil, and the Gulf Countries.
The Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Conference. The PROSE: 1
Muslim World after 9-11-2001
1. Translation of passages into Urdu. 40
SUGGESTED READINGS
2. Critical and biographical questions
Title Author/Publisher relating to the prose-writers 15

1. Life and work of the Holy Dr. M. 3. Translation from Urdu into Persian: 20
Prophet (S.A.S) Hameedullah
2. Introduction to Islam “
3. The Emergence of Islam (edited “
and Translated by Afzal Iqbal).
4. Muhammad. The Prophet of Dr. Khalid Alavi
Islam

8. The Spirit of Islam S. Ameer Ali

9. Studies in Islamic History Amir Hassan
Siddiqui
10. The Origins and Development of “
Muslim Institutions
11. Muslim thought: its origin and Muhammad Hanif
achievement Nadvi
12. The Oxford History of Islam. J. Esposito (ed)
(Latest edition)
13. History of the Arabs P.K. Hitti
14. The Middle East in World George
Affairs Lenczowski
15. Spanish Islam R. Dozy
16. Islam in the Modern World A.K. Brohi
17. Islam and the Modern World. Ab-ul-Hasan Ali
Nadvi
18. Discovering Islam-Making S. Akbar Ahmad
Sense of Muslim History and
Society.
19. A History of the Arab Peoples, A. Hourani
1991.
20. History of Modern Middle W. Cleaveland
East,(2002)
21. Between Two Worlds; The C. Kafdar
Construction of the Ottoman
State, (1995)

22. Atlas of the Islamic World, since F. Robinson

1500, 1982
23. History of Modern East, 2000. G. Schmidt
24. The Art and Architecture of S.S. Blair and J.
 20

(c) Perfectionism: Spencer, Hegel, T.H. Green

and Iqbal.
(d) The standard as Value: intrinsic and
extrinsic values.

Commensurability of values: Rashdall, Moore and Ross

Applied ethics: duties and virtues, casuistry, moral freedom, moral
progress, crime and punishment. The significance of different
theories for practice.

SUGGESTED READINGS

Author Title/Publisher
1. Stace, W.T. A Critical History of Greek
Philosophy

2. Cassin, C.C, An introductory History of

Greek Philosophy.

3. Ahmad, Naeem The Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu

Bazar, Lahore.

4. Chohan. M. Rafiq The Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu

Bazar, Lahore.

5. LilliS,W. Introduction to Ethics

6. Mackenzie, J.S. Manual of Ethics

7. Qadir, C.A.

8. Dar, B.A. Quranic Ethics.

9. Sheikh, M.S. Studies in Muslim Philosophy.

_______________

26. PHYSICS

25. PHILOSOPHY Marks—150

1. MECHANICS

Marks i. Vector Operations

Part ‘A’: Greek Philosophy 75 ii. Particle Dynamics
Part ‘B’: Ethics 75 iii. Work and Energy
iv. Power
Total: 150 v. Conservation of Energy
vi. Systems of Particles
vii. Collisions
PART—A viii. Rotational Dynamics
ix. Angular Momentum
GREEK PHILOSOPHY x. Gravitation
xi. Bulk Properties of Matters
From earliest beginnings to Aristotles. xii. Special Theory of Relativity

(i) Philosophy of nature: Thales, Anaximander, 2. WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS

Anaximenes, Pythagoreant.
(ii) The problem of change: Heraclitus, Parmenides, Zeno. i. Simple Harmonic Oscillations
(iii) Systems of compromise: Empedocles, Anazxagoras, ii. Waves
Democritus. iii. Sound
(iv) Problem of knowledge and conduct: The Sophists, iv. Light
Socrates.
(v) The age of reconstruction: Plato and Aristotle. 1. THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL
MECHANICS
PART —B
i. Statistical Mechanics
ii. Heat
ETHICS iii. Heat Entropy & second law of Thermodynamics
(i) Problem and scope of ethics, Relation of ethics to 4. ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Psychology, Sociology, Logic, Aesthetics and religion.
(ii) Evolution of conduct and the growth of moral i. Electrostatics
judgement, General Comparison of customary and ii. Electric Field
reflective morality. iii. Electric Potential
(iii) Psychological basis of conduct, desire, wish, will and iv. Electric Current
character. The nature of moral judgement. The subject v. DC Circuits
and object of moral judgement.
(iv) A critical analysis of the theories of moral standard: 5. MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS
(a) Hedonism, Bentham, Mill and Sidgwick.
(b) Standard as Law; Butler, Shaftesbury
Hutcheson and Kant, i. Ampere’s Law
 21

ii. Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction (a) Definition

(b) Types of Perception
1. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER (i) Object/Form Perception
(ii) Depth and Space Perception
i. Inductance (iii) Perception of Movement.
ii. Alternating Current Circuits (iv) Perception of Time
iii. Maxwell’s Equations (c) Role of Constancy in Perception (Size Constancy;
iv. Electromagnetic Waves Brightness Constancy; shape Constancy).
(d) Illusion
(i) Nature and types of Illusions.
7. ELECTRONICS
(ii) The unidentified flying objects (U.F.O’s)
i. Semiconductor Material and illusion- The Autokinetic effect.
ii. Junction Diode
iii. Transistor (5) MEMORY
(a) Definition, Kinds.
8. MODERN PHYSICS (b) Major Theories of Memory.
(c) Measurement of Memory.
i. Quantum Physics (d) Memory of Disorders.
ii. Waves Nature of Matter
iii. States and Energy levels
(6) THINKING
iv. Atomic Structure of Hydrogen (i) Natured. Image, Idea, Imagination and
v. Atomic Physics. ideation
vi. Nuclear Physics (ii) Types of Thinking
(a) Autistic
SUGGESTED READINGS (b) Problem Solving
(c) Reasoning
Author Title/Publisher (d) Creative Thinking
(iii) Formation of Concepts, types of concepts,
1. A Beiser Perspectives of Modern tools of thinking.
Physics.
2. Halliday & Resnick. Fundamental of Physics
(7) BASIC OF NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIOR
3. D. Corson & P. Introduction to (i) Neurons – Nerve impulse; Synaptic
Lorrain. Electromagnetic Fields and Transmission
Waves (ii) Nervous System:
4. J.D. Ryder Engineering Electronics Central Nervous System and Peripheral
5. J.F. Gibbons Semiconductor Electronics Nervous System.
6. Barkeley. Physics Course (iii) The Endocrine Gland System.
7. W. Zemanasky Heat and Thermodynamics
8. W. E. Burcham Nuclear Physics
(8) SENSORY PROCESSES
9. Kaplan Nuclear Physics (a) Nature and Characteristics of Sensation.
i. Structure and Function of a human eye. Light
perception; Rods and Cones; Pathways to
Brain: Dark adaptation; Colour vision
ii. Structure and function of human ear,
characteristics of sound, locating sound.
27. PSYCHOLOGY
Marks (9) BASIC OF GENETICS
Part – A General Psychology 75
Part – B Abnormal/Social/Industrial & 75 (i) Biochemistry of Genes
Criminal Psychology ___ (ii) Structure and Functions of Chromosomes;
Total: 150 Mutation; Down;s syndrome;
Amniocentance.
PART – A (iii) Mechanism of Heredity.

(1) INTRODUCTION (10) EMOTIONS

(a) Historical background of modern Psychology. (i) Nature

(b) Brief introduction to structuralism; Functionalism; (ii) Verbal and Non-Verbal; Communications of
Behaviorism Psychoanalysis; and Cognitive Schools of Emotions
Thought. (iii) Bodily and Physiological Change in
(2) METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY Emotions with reference of Adren, land.
(iv) Major Theories of Emotions.
(a) Nature – Detailed Discussion of (v) Measurement of Emotions.
(i) Survey Method
(ii) Daybook Method (11) MOTIVATION
(iii) Biographic Method (a) Need, Drive, Incentive, Motive.
(iv) Clinical Method (b) Classification of Motives (Biological
(v) Field Study Method Secondarp)
(vi) Experimental Method (c) Motivation for Work.
(d) Strength and Measurement of Motives.
(3) LEARNING

(a) Definition PART—B

(b) Types of Learning
(i) Trial and Error (1) FRUSTRATION
(ii) Observational Learning
(iii) Conditioning (a) Nature of Types
(iv) Insight Learning (b) Reactions of Frustration (Defence Mechanisms).
(c) Factors Influencing Learning; Methods of Study of (c) Psychological Disorders.
Learning; Efficiency and Economy in learning. (i) Psychoneuroses, Etiology, Symptomotology,
(d) Transfer of Learning & its types factors influencing Kinds given in DSM
learning. (ii) Psychosis, Etiology, Symptomotology, Kinds
given in DSM IV.
(4) PERCEPTION
(2) MENTAL HEALTH MOVEMENT
 22

U.S.S.R. and Pakistan

(a) The early views and the development of modern ___
concept of Mental Health. Total: 150
(b) Contributions of Muslim Scholars to Mental Health
Movement. PART—A
(3) PSYCHOTHERAPY 1. Political Science:
(a) Introduction Definition, scope and utility of Political Science and
(i) Psychoanalysis. approaches to the study of Political Science.
(ii) Behavior Therapy.
(iii) Roger;s Therapy 2. The State:
(iv) Reading Theraphy.
(v) Psychodrama. Definition and elements; state and government; and Society;
(vi) Hypnosis. State and Association.

(4) PERSONALITY 3. Sovereignty:

(i) Defining Personality. Definition, Characteristics, Kinds of Sovereignty – Monism
(ii) Theories of Personality (Freud, Jung, Adler and versus Pluralism- Islamic concept of sovereignty.
Rogers).
(iii) Measurement of Personality. 4. Liberty
(Brief Introduction to important Projective and
Objective Tests of Personality). 1. Nature, kinds and safeguards of liberty, Liberty and
equality; liberty and law.
(5) INTELLIGENCE 2. Definition, meanings and kinds of rights, Fundamental
Human Rights in Islam Rights of Non-Muslim in an
(i) The History of Intelligence Testing, IQ concepts. Islamic State.
(ii) Theories of Intelligence (Brief Introduction of
Spearman’s Thurstone’s and Guilford’s Theories).
(iii) Classification of Intelligence.
(iv) Measurements of Intelligence. 5. Law:

(6) SOCIAL BEHAVIORS Definition Meanings, kinds, sources of Law-Law and

Morality-Islamic concept of Law; Sources of law in Islam.
(i) Group Dynamics (Structure of the Group, Norms, Importance: of Ijtehad.
Roles); Convormity Factors influencing
conformity. 6. Organization of Modern State
(ii) Attiudes, Nature, Formation and Measurement of
Attiudes. (a) (1) Democracy: nature, attributes and reconditions
(iii) Projudice and Discrimination (2) Islamic concept of Democracy.
(iv) Public Opinion and Propaganda (3) Dictatorship; kinds and features.
(b) Unitary and federal systems.
(7) LABOUR MANAGEMENT AND CONSUMER’S (c) Parliamentary and Presidential systems.
BEHAVIOR
7. Structure of Government:
(i) Selection of Personel.
(ii) Relationship of Labour and Management. Executive, legislature and judiciary.
(iii) Morale and Productivity in Industry.
(iv) Accidents, Strikes, Lockout. 8. Political Participation:
(v) Advertising and Salesmanship.
Elections and Electorate:
(8) CRIMINAL AND CORRECTIONAL PSYCHOLOGY (a) Adult and restricted suffrage-Methods of voting-
Direct Legislation (Referendum, initiative
(i) Classification of Criminals. plebiscite and Recall. Qualifications of Voters and
(ii) Theories of Crim inal Behaviors. candidates in an Islamic polity. Role of an elected
(iii) Psychological Causes of Crime and Their Control representative.
(i) in a modern secular state.
(ii) in an Islamic state.
SUGGESTED READINGS
(b) Free elections and its pre-requisites. Direct and
1. Psychology and Introduction 6th Edition by Jerome Kagan, indirect election – electoral districts –
Julius, Segal. representation of minorities – proportional
Representation-Functional representation.
2. Psychology and Life 7 th Edition by F.L. Ruch.
9. Political Dynamics:
3. Psychology and Life 8 th Edition by F.L. Ruch.
4. Psychology and Life 14th Edition by Zimbardo, P.G. (a) Political parties; Types, functions and role.
(b) Interest groups; types role in a modern policy;
5. Reading Theraphy by Dr. S. Azhar Ali Rizvi. Methods of political action.
(c) Public opinion Definition – Development of the
6. Psychology International Edition 4th Edition by Camille B. concept – public opinion polls. Methods of
Wortman Elibeth F. Loftus. measurement.
7. Psychology III Edition by Douglas A Bernstein and other.
10 Theories regarding the nature and purpose of state:
8. Understanding Psychology IV Edition by Robert S. Feldman.
Idealist View – utilitarian view – Socialism, Communism.
____________ Fascism Welfare concept of state; Western and Islamic.

28. POLITICAL SCIENCE

PART —B
Marks
Part ‘A’ Principles of Political Science: 75
Part ‘B’ Government and Politics U.K., U.S.A., 75 1. United Kingdom
 23

(a) Nature and evolution of English Constitution; its 3. Bureaucracy-Concept of Bureaucracy, Theories of
sources and Salient feature s. Bureaucracy, Ecology of Bureaucracy; Bureaucracy of
Pakistan as a Change Agent.
(b) Structure of the government.
4. Administrative Leadership -Approaches to the study of
(i) Kingship; its role and reasons for its survival. Leadership, Forms of Leadership, Leadership qualities.
(ii) Cabinet; features and role; Cabinet Ministry and
Privy Council. 5. Administrative Accountability-Internal and External
(iii) Parliament: Composition and powers; procedure Controls; Executive Control, Legislative Control, Judicial
of law making. Supremacy of the parliament. Control, Ombudsman, Public Opinion and Pressure Groups;
(iv) Judiciary: organization and jurisdiction; rule of Problems of Administrative Accountability in Pakistan.
law.
(c) Civil Service; Local Self-government – Political 6. Planning-Types of Plans, Planning Process, Principles of
Parties. Planning, Planning Machinery; the system of planning and
programming in Pakistan, Planning Machinery in Pakistan.
2. United State:
7. Organization-Types of Organization, Theories of
(a) Constitution growth, nature and salient features. Organizations, Principle of Organization, The Organization
(b) Federal system: Division of power in theory and of Federal and Provincial Governments in Pakistan, Public
practice. Corporations in Pakistan.
(c) Presidency: theory and practice.
(d) Congress: Composition, powers, procedure of law 8. Personnel Administration-Nature and scope of Personnel
making; Role of Committees in the Congress. Administration; Personnel Functions, Tools of Personnel
(e) Federal Judiciary: organization and Jurisdiction; Management, Salient Features of the System of Public
judicial review. Personnel Management in Pakistan.
(f) Separation of power.
(g) Political Parties. 9. Controlling and Co-Ordination-Forms of Controls, Control
Mechanism, the process of Control, Principles of Controlling;
3. U.S.S.R. Principles of Coordination; Machinery for Coordination;
Problems of Coordination in Public Administration in
(a) Ideological basis of the Soviet system. Pakistan.
(b) Constitutional development; Main features of the
present Constitution. 10. Communication.—Types of Commun ication,
3. Governmental structure: Communication Channels, Communication Process,
Supreme Soviet: Council of Ministers; Presidium Law Principles of Communication.
and the Courts.
4. The Communist Party. 11. Financial Administration.—Elements of Financial
Administration, Performance and Programmed Budgeting,
2. Islamic Republic of Pakistan: Capital Budget, Principles of Budgeting, Auditing
and Accounting.
Ideological basis of Pakistan.
(a) Constitutional development since 1947. SUGGESTED READINGS
(b) A detailed study of the Government system under 1973
constitution.
Title Author
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. A Handbook of Public Relations. United Nations

1. Select Modern Constituions: by A.C. Kapur 2. An Introduction to the Public E.N. Cladden
Administration
2. Introduction to Political Science, New York, 1967 by
Rodce, Anderson and Christol 3. Administrative Behaviour Herbet, A Simon

3. Principles of State and Government in Islam by 4. Bureaucracy: Modern Society Pebr, M. Blau
Muhammad Asad . 5. Human Relations Administration Robert Dubir,
4. Muhammad Sarwar: Prentice Hall Inc,
New Jersey, 1959.
5. Farooq Aktar Najib
6. Introduction to the Study of L.D. White
6. Struggle for Pakistan by I.H. Qureshi Public Administration
7. Modern Political Systems by Mecridis and Ward 7. Public Administration Simon, Smithuburg
& Thompson
8. Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan by S.M. Ikram
8. Public Administration Pfiffner and
9. Modern Foreign Governments by Ogg and Zink Presthus
10. Syed Hasan Riaz: 9. Public Administration for a Paul Abbleby
11. Muhammad Sarwar: Welfare State
10. Public Administration theory and Fesler, James W.
Practice
________________ 11. Pakistan in Search of Democracy, Yusuf, Hamid
29.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1947—77
12. Pakistan The Enigma of Political Ziring, Lawence,
Marks—150
Development Frederick A. Paeger
1. Public Administrat ion- Its nature and scope, the role of Publisher England,
Public Administration in a modern Welfare State. 1980.
13. Research on the Bureaucracy of Braibanti, Raplh
2. Major Schools of thought in Administration-Scientific Pakistan
Management Movement, Human Relationists; Behavioural
School; Systemic theory. 14. The Human Side of Enterprize Douglas Mc
Gregor.
15. The Bureaucracy of Pakistan Charles F.
 24

Kennnedy
2. Analytic Function Theory Vol..I Hille, Ec.
________________ 3. An Introduction to Differential Wilmore, T.S.
Geometry
30. PURE MATHEMATICS 4. Complex Analysis Goodstein, G.R.G.
5. Calculus with Analtic Geometry Yusuf, S.M.
Marks
Part ‘A’: 75 6. Differential Geometry of Three Weatherburn, C.E.
Part ‘B’: 75 Dimensions
Total: 150
7. Elements of Complex Analysis Pennisi, L.L.
PART-A 8. Theory of Groups Majeed, A.

Modern Algebra 9. Mathematical Methods Yusuf, S.M.

10. Mathematical Analysis Apostal, T.M.
Groups, subgroups, Lagrange’s theorem, cyclic groups,
normal subgroups, quotient groups. Fundamental theorem of 11. Principles of Mathematical Rudin, W.
homomorphism Isomorphism theorem of groups, Inner Analysis
automorphisms. Conjugate elements, conjugate subgroups.
Commutator subgroups. 12. The Theory of Groups Macdonald, I.N.
13. Topics in Algebra Herstein, I. N.
Rings, Subrings, Integral domains, Quotient fields,
Isomophism theorems, Field extension and finite fields. ________________
Vector spaces, Linear independence, Bases, Dimension 31. SOCIOLOGY
of a finitely generated space. linear transformations, Matrices and
their algebra Reduction of matrices to their echelon form, Rank Marks
and nullity of a linear transformation. Part ‘A’: General Sociology: 75
Part ‘B’: Sociological Theory 75
Solution of a system of homogeneous and non- and Research and Social Problems
homogeneous linear equations. Properties of determinants. Cayley- ___
Hamilton theorem, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Reduction to Total: 150
canonical forms, specially diagonalisation.
PART—A
Geometry

Conic sections in Cartesian coordinates, Plane polar GENERAL SOCIOLOGY

coordinates and their use to represent the straight line and conic
1. Introduction:
sections. Cartesian and spherical polar coordinates in three
dimensions. The plane, the sphere, the ellipsoid, the paraboloid and
(a) Definitions of Sociology.
the hyperboloid in Cartesian and spherical polar coordinates.
(b) Subject Matter.
(c) Relationship of Sociology with other Social Sciences:
Vector euations for Plane and for space-curves. The arc
Political Sciences, Psychology, Economics, History and
length. The osculating plane. The tangent, normal and binomal.
Anthropology.
Curvature and torsion. Serre-Frenet’s formulae. Vector equations (d) Utility and Application of Sociology.
for surfaces. The first and second fundamental forms. Normal,
principal, Gaussian and mean curvatures.
2. Social Group:
PART—B (a) Definition.
(b) Types of Groups: Primary Groups, Secondary Groups,
Calculas and Real Analysis In Groups, Out Groups, Formal Groups, Informal
Groups.
Real Numbers, Lim its, Continuity. Differentiability, (c) Distinction between Social Groups and Social
Indefinite Integration. Mean value theorems. Taylor’s theorem. Categories.
Indeterminate forms. Asymptotes. Curve tracing. Definite (d) Other Related Concepts: Reference Groups, Locality
integrals. Functions of several variables. Partial derivatives. Groups, Society.
Maxima and minima. Jacobians. Double and triple integration
(techniques only). Applications of Beta and Gamma functions. 3. Social Interaction:
Areas and Volumes. Riemann-Stieltje’s integral. Improper
integrals and their conditions of existences, Implicit function (a) Definition.
theorem. Absolute and conditional convergence of serial of real (b) Importance of Social Interaction.
term. Rearrangement of series, Uniform convergence of series. (c) Processes of Social Interaction: Cooperation,
Competition, Conflict, Assimilation, Accommodation
Metric spaces. Open and closed spheres. Closure, and Acculturation.
Interior and Exterior of a set.
4. Social Norms:
Sequences in metric space. Cauchy sequence
convergence of sequences. Examples. Complete metric spaces. (a) Definition.
Continuity in metric spaces. Properties of continuous functions. (b) Types of Social Norms: Folkways, Mores (Amar-o-
Nehi), Laws.
Complex Analysis (c) Other Related Concepts: Deviancy, Social Control,
Social Sanctions, Toboos, Values and Beliefs.
Functions of a complex variable; Demoiver’s theorem
and its applications. Analytic functions, Cauchy’s theorem. 5. Statutes and Role:
Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor’s and Laurent’series.
Singularities. Cauchy residue theorem and contour integration. (a) Definitions.
Fourier series and Fourier transforms. Analytic continuation. (b) Types of Status and Role: Achieved and Ascribed.
(c) Related Concepts: Role Conflict, Role Playing
SUGGESTING READINGS
6. Culture:
Title Author/Publisher
(a) Definition.
1. Advance Calculus Kaplan, W. (b) Element of Culture: Traits, Patterns, Complexes, Ethos.
 25

(c) Types of Culture: Non-Material and Material; Ideal and 8. Data Analysis
Real.
(d) Cultural Uniformity and Cultural Variability. (a) Frequency Distribution and Tabulation.
(e) Other Related Concepts: Sub-Culture, Cultural (b) Ratios and Percentages.
Relativism, Ethnocontrism, (c) Measure of Central Tendency (Average): Mean,
Median and Mode.
7. Socialization and Personality:
9. Social Problems
(a) Definition.
(b) Personality: Important factors in personality formation (a) Over Population
e.g., Heredity, Socio-Cultural and Unique Experiences; (b) Illiteracy
Interplay of these. (c) Crime & Delinquenty
(c) Socialization: As a Process; Role Taking; Role-Playing. (d) Environmental Pollution
(d) Concept of Self: Theories of George Mead and C.H.
Cooley. SUGGESTED READINGS
8. Social Stratification: Author Title/Publisher
(a) Definition. 1. Baqai, M.S. Social Order in Pakistani Society,
(b) Caste, Bradari and Class. Karachi: National Book Foundation,
(c) Social Mobility and its Types; Factors Affecting 1975.
Mobility.
2 Chaudhry, Iqbal “Umraniyat” Lahore: Aziz Publishers,
9. Social Institutions: M. 1981.
3. Horton Paul B. Sociology - Singapore, Mc Graw Hill
(a) Definition. and Hund, Book Company, 1990.
(b) Types of Social Institutions: Political, Economic, Hester L.
Religious, Education. Family and Kinship and
Recreational. 4. Koening, Sociology – An Introduction to the
(c) Interrelationship of Social Institutions Samuel Science of Society, New York: Bames
and Noble Bo oks, Horper and Row
10. Social and Cultural Change: Publisher, 1957.

(a) Definition. 5. Malik, Abdul “Ibtidal Moasheryat” Lahore:

(b) Factors of Socio -Cultural Change. Hamid Standard Book House, 1994.
(c) Resistance to Socio-Cultural Change. 6. Rao, N. Shaukar Sociology, New Dehli: S. hand
(d) Socio-Cultural Change in Pakistani Society. Company Ltd., 1990.

PART —B 7. Baker, Therese Doing Social Research, New York:

L. The Free Press, 1988.
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY, RESEARCH AND 8. Goode, William, Methods in Social Research, London:
SOCIAL PROBLEMS J. and Paul K. Mc Graw-Hill, 1952.
Hatt:
1. Social Thought and Sociological Theory:
9. Young, Scientific Social Surveys and
(a) Meaning and Nature of Social Thought. PaulineV: Research, Tokyo: charles E. Tutritle o.
(b) Meaning and Nature of Sociological Theory:
10. Ali. Dr. M. Muslims: The First Sociologists,
Basharat: Lahore: Maktaba-i-Miliya.
2. Brief Introduction to Muslim Social Thought:
11. Taga, Abdul Umrani Nazria wa Tahqeeq: Lahore:
Ibn-e-Khaldun, Imam Ghazali, Shah Wali Ullah. Hameed Ismail Brothers Publishers, 1991.

3. Sociological Theories: 12. Ahmad, ahmida “Moashrati Masael ki Omraniat”

Masood Karachi: Illmi Kitab Ghar, 1992.
Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber. _________________
32. STATISTICS
4. Research Methodology:

(a) Scientific Method and its application to Sociology. Marks

(b) Types of Sociological Research: Descriptive, Part-A 75
Explanatory and Experimental. Part-B 75
(c) Relationship between Theory and Research. ___
(d) Different Methods of Sociological Research: Total: 150
Qualitative and Quantitative Methods.
PART-A
5. Research Design:
1. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS.
(a) Selection of Problem
(b) Concepts. Meaning of Descriptive and Inferential Statistics.
(c) Variables. Population and Sample. Types of variables. Measurement Scales
(d) Hypotheses. Description of data by frequency tables and graphs. Stem and Leaf
plots and Bon plots. Measures of Central Tendency. (A.M.,
6. Universe and Sampling: H.M.G.M. Mode, Median, Quartiles). Properties of Mean with
proofs. Weighted Arithmetic Mean. Empirical Relation between
(a) Definition of Universe. Mean, Median and Mode. Relative Merits and Demerits of various
(b) Definition of Sampling. averages. Measures of Dispersion (Absolute and Relative
(c) Types of Sample: Simple Random Sample, Stratified Measures) (Range, Semi-Inter Quartile Range, Mean Deviation,
Sample. Variance, Standard Deviation). Coefficient of Variation,
7. Data Collection Coefficient of Mean Deviation, Coefficient of Quartile Deviations.
Properties of Variance and Standard Deviation with proofs.
(a) Techniques of Data Collection: Interviewing and Standardized variables. Moments, Moment Ratios, Sheppards
Observation. Correction, Kurtosis and Skewness. Sources of Statistical data in
(b) Tools of Data Collection: Interview schedule and Pakistan.
questionnaire.
2. INDEX NUMBERS AND TIME SERIES.
 26

3. INFERENCE ABOUT VARIANCE.

(a) Construction and application of wholesale price Index
Numbers. Fixed and chain base methods. Weighted Index
Numbers (Laspeyre’s. Paasche’s, Fisher’s Ideal and Marshall-
Edgeworth Indices). Tests for the consistency of Index Numbers.
Construction of Consumer price Index Numbers. Sensitive price
Indicator.
(b) Time Series, Components of a time series. Analysis of
time series. Measurement of secular trend and seasonal variations
by various methods. Deseasonalization of data.
3. SIMPLE REGRESSION AND CORRELATION.
Logic of regression and correlation. Scatter diagram,
simple linear regression. Model, least square estimators and their
properties, standard error of estimate. Meaning and application of
linear correlation coefficient. Properties of correlation coefficient.
Correlation coefficient for bivariate frequency distribution,
Meaning derivation and application of Rank correlation. Tied
ranks.
4. PROBABILITY.
Random experiments, sample space and events.
Counting techniques. Definitions and axioms of probability. Basic
laws of probability. Independence of events. Bayess Theorem
(proof not required) and its application.
5. DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLES AND
DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS.
Random variable, Distribution Function, Discrete
Random Variable. Probability Distribution of a Discrete Random
Variable. Joint Distribution of two Discrete Random Variables,
Marginal and Conditional Distributions, Mathematical Expectation
and its Properties, Mean, Variance, and Moments. Concepts of
m.g.f. and its Properties. Uniform, Bernouli, Binomial,
Hypergeometric and Poisson Distributions: Mean, Variance and
shape of these distributions and their properties. Application of
these distributions with examples from various fields. Multinomial
Distribution (only application).
6. CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLES AND
CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS.
Continuous random variables. Probability distribution
of a single continuous random variable, probability density
function and distribution function. Mean, variance and moments of
continuous random variables.
Uniform and Normal distributions. Mean, variance and
shape of these distributions and their properties. Application of
these distributions.
Normal approximation to the Binomial and Poisson
distribution (just application). Fitting of Normal distribution by
area method.
PART-B
Introduction and application of Chi- square distribution.
Interval estimation and test of hypothesis about population
variance (Interval estimation for variance – single sample).
Introduction and application of F-distribution test of
hypothesis for equality of two variances.
4. ANALYSIS OF COUNT DATA.
Chi-square test of Independence. Chi square test of fit. Chi-
square test of homogeneity.
5. REGRESSION AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS.
Multiple linear regression with two regressors,
coefficient of multiple determination. Partial and multiple
correlation upto three variables. Inference of simple correlation
and regression, partial and multiple correlation. Interval estimates
and test of hypothesis about parameters mean prediction and
individual prediction.
6. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE AND BASIC
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS.
Analysis of variance for one-way classification and
two-way classification Multiple comparison tests least significant
difference (L.S.D) test and Duncan Multiple Range Test.
Basic principles of experimental design Completely
Randomized, Randomized Complete Block and Latin Square
designs. Descriptions, layout, statistical analysis, advantages and
limitations of these designs. Application of these designs (Analysis
of all these designs for single observation in each cell).
SUGGESTED READINGS
Clark G. & Cooke D (1998). A basic Coure in Statistics, Arnold
Publisher, London, 4th Edition.
Chase W Bown F (1997). General Statistics, 3rd Edition, Jhon
Willy & Sons, New York.
Wonnacott T.H. and Wonnacott R.J. (1981). Introductory
Statistics, Jhon Willy & Sons, New York.
Graybill, lyer & Burdick (1998). Applied Statistics, a first course
in inference. Prentice Hall, New Jersy.
Chaudhry, S.M. & Kamal, S. (1999), Introduction to Statistical
Theory Parts I & II Illmi Kutab Khana, Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
Beg, M.A. and Mirza M.D. (1997). Statistics, Theory and
Methods, Volumes I & II, Carvan Book House, Kutechery Road,
Lahore.
Moore D S, McCabe G.R., Introduction to the Practice of
Statistics, 3 rd Edition, Will Freeman & C0., New York.
Blumen 1997, Elementary statistics, 3 rd Edition, McGraw Hill,
New York.
Chaudhry, R.M. (1998). Polymer Modern Statistics, Polymers.
_________________

1. SAMPLING AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION.

Sampling designs of Simple Random, Stratified,

Systematic and Cluster Sampling, Judgement and Quota Sampling.
Random Numbers and their uses in Sampling. Advantages of
Sampling.
Probability and Non-probability Sampling, sampling
and non-sampling error, Calculation of Sample Mean, Proportion
and Variance of Simple Random Samples And Stratified Random
Samples. Sampling Distribution of a statistic and its standard error.
Distribution of Sample Mean, Sample Proportion, difference
between two proportions and means. Central Limit Theorem with
illustration (Proof of theorem not required).

2. STATISTICAL INFERENCE.

Nature of statistical inference, point and interval

estimation of a parameter, properties, of point estimator,
confidence interval and its interpretation, Null and alternative
hypothesis, simple and composite hypothesis. Type I and Type II
errors. Level of significance. P-value and power of test (only
concept and definition). Acceptance and rejection regions, one
sided and two sided tests, test procedure. Inference about single
mean and difference between means for paired and unpaired
observations, inference about proportion and difference two
proportions. Determination of sample size (Application of Z-
distribution and t-distribution).
 28

34. ZOOLOGY Sarcopterygii (upto order) Actinopterygii (Upto

Superorder)
(iii) Amphilbia (upto order)
(iv) Aves (upto Superorder),
Marks Archaeoptery.
Part A: Invertebrata 50 (v) Mammalia (upto Order), (excluding extinct
Part B: Chordata 50 groups).
Part C: Principles of Biology 50
3. Comparative vertebrate morphogenesis:
Total: 150
Egg types, cleavage, blastula, gastrulation, detailed account
PART—A with support from Spemann’s experiments. Comparative anatomy
and function of integumentary,. Skeletal (General details such
INVERTEBRATA asstructure of bone, cartilage, limb, evolution limbs to be done in
theory. The detailed comparative study should be undertaken in the
Classification (upto orders) and general organization practicals), digestive, circulatory respiratory, excretory, nervous
(Structure, function, mode of life, reproduction and life cycles, (including sense organs), hormonal and reproductive system.
adaptations, distribution and economic importance) of the
following groups. Types, wherever mentioned, shall be used for 4. Biology of chordates:
understanding the structure-function problems in the group. Adaptation to different modes of life, Migration, parental
care, Breeding habits, Defence mechanisms, Distribution of
1. Protozoa: Type: Paramecium caudatum. various groups of chordates.
General organization with emphasis on Locomotion,
Nutrition, Reproduction, parasites of medical PART—C
importance.(Plasmodum, Leishmania, entamoeba,
Giardia, Trichomonas.)
2. Porifera: Type: Scypha (Sycon) PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY
(Cell Biology, Genetics, Environmental Biology)
General orghanization with emphasis on canal system,
skeleton,
1. Cell Structure and Function: Structure of prokaryotic and
Reproduction.
eukaryotic cell. Physical structure and chemical composition of
3. Ceolenterata: Type: Obelia geniculata. General
cellular components (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids). Metabolic
organiztion with emphasis on Polymorphism, Corals and
pathway: Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, Electron transport chain, Fatty
Coral reefs.
acid oxidation, Amino acid metabolism. Morphology, chemical
4. Ctenophora: Diagnostic features only.
composition and function of cellular organelles (palasma
5. Platyhelminthes: Type: Fasciola hepatica, General
membrane, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, ribosome, lysosome,
organization with emphasis on parasitic
endoplasmic reticulum, plastids). Structure and functions of
adaptations(entire chapter). Life cycle
nucleic acids. DNA replication in prokaryotes. Transcription.
Variations, Taenia saginata, helminth diseases
Translation. Gene regulation.
6. Ascheiminthes: Type: Ascaris lumbricoides. Diagnostic
reatures only. Nematodes of economic importance.
2. Genetics: Life cycle of Drosophila as genetic model.
7. Annelida: Type : Hirudinaria sp. General organization
Segregation of Sex-linked inheritance (inheritance of X and Y
with special emphasis on coelom, excretory system and
chromosomes, white eye colour in Drosophila, Heamophilia).
Reproductive system.
Linkage and recombination. Crossing over: genetic and cytological
8. Minor Phyla: Diagnostic features only.
proofs. Genetic basis of inheritable diseases. Oytoplasmic
Onychophora, Bryozoa, Brachiopoda,
inheritance.
Chaetognatha, Sipunculids, Entoprocta, Ectoprocts
DNA as the genetic material. Genetic code. Transfer of
9. Arthropoda: Type: Periplaneta americana
genetic material in bacteria and viruses (bacterial transformation,
General Organization with emphasis on metamorphosis
conjugation, transduction). DNA recombination in prokaryotes.
and ecdysis,
Mutagenesis, site-directed mutagenesis. Introduction to
appendages, feeding, respiration, social insects,
Recombinant DNA technology: plasmids, restriction
economic importance
endonucleases; applications of genetic engineering, transgenic
10 Mollusca: Type: Andonta sp.
plants and animals.
General organization with emphasis on shell, basic form
3. Environmental Biology: Biological diversity. Major
of foot, locomotion, gill, torsion, economic importance.
ecosystems of Pakistan. Productivity. Attributes of population,
11. Echinodermata: Type: Astrias Sp.
population dynamics, growth and management. Energy resources
General organization with emphasis on skeleton, water
and energy crisis. Environmental pollution, biodegradation and
vascular system, larval forms and their evolutioning
biofowling, degrading factors.
significance
SUGGESTED READINGS
PART—B

CHORDATA 1. Engemann, J.G. & Hegner, R.W. Invertebrate Zoology,

Mcmillan Co., New York.
1. Study of the following types 2. Barnes, R.D. (1980). Invertebrate Zoology (4th ed.).
Saunders. Philadelphia.
(a) Amphioxus including development
(b) Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (All systems). 3. Parker, T.J. & Haswell, W.A. Textbook of Zoology (Vol. I),
The object of the detailed account of above types is to Mcmillan & Co., New York.
give a clear picture of the various systems with
4. Barrington, J.W. (1974). Invertebrate Structure and Function.
reference to a typical chordate, and arepresentative
The English Lenguage Book Society, London,
tetrapod. For a meaningful study of comparative an
anatomy of various vertebrate system a good 5. Borradaile, L.A., Potts. F.A. Eastham, L.E.S., Saunders, J.T
comprehension of structure in typical animals is and Kerkut, G.A. (1961). The Invertebrata. Cambridge
essential. University Press.
2. (a) Characteristics of the following
(i) Hemichordata 6. Bhatti, H.K. and Hashmi, T.H. Invertebrata Zoology Caravan
(ii) Urochordata Book Corporation, Lahore.
(iii) Agentha (excluding extinct groups)
7. Kent, G.C. Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates,
(b) Characteristics and classification of the following 8. Hashmi, T.H. and Bhatti, H.K. Chordat Zoology, Carvan
Book House, Lahore.
(i) Chondrichthyes (upto order excluding extinct
groups). 9. Romer, A.S. (1962). The Vertebrate Body. W.B. Saunders
(ii) Osteichthy Co., Philadelphis.
 29

10. Marshall, A.J. (Park, T.J. and Haswell, W.A.). A textbook of

Zoology, Volume II Vertebrata. Mcmillan Co., New York.
11. Loewy, A.G. and Siekevitz. Cell structure and Function,
Helt -Reinhart, N.Y.
12. Lovine, R.P. Genetics. Holt -Rinehart and Winston, N.Y.
13. Odum, E.P. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders
Company, Philadelphia.
14. Avers, C.J. Basic Cell Biology, D. Van Nostrand Co. New
York.
15. Scheeler, P. and Bianchi, D Cell and Molecular Biology,
John Wiley and Sons New York.
16. Srb. A.M., Owen, R.D. and Edgar, R.S. General Genetics
WW. H. Freeman & Co. New York.
17. Strickberger, M.W. Genetics. Mcmillan Co., New York.
18. Winchester, A.M. Genetics. Haughton-Miffin Co.
19. Odum E.P. Fundamental of Ecology. W.B. Saunders, New
York.
20. Macfadyen, A. Animal Ecology: Aims & Methods, Pitman
Publishing Co.

_________________