Institute of Productivity & Management, Meerut: Report On Combating Terrorism

INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY
&
MANAGEMENT, MEERUT
REPORT ON COMBATING TERRORISM
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
RESP. PROF. MR. SHAM SHARMA VISHAL KUMAR SINGH.
M.A. (LUCKNOW), D.M.M. (LONDON) VIVEK RANJAN.
PGDM, SEM.-IST
BATCH-2010-2012
GROUP NO. - 12
NO OF WORDS - 7382
INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT, MEERUT Page 1

&
MANAGEMENT, MEERUT
REPORT ON COMBATING TERRORISM
SUBMITTED TO
HONORABLE HOME MINISTER OF INDIA
RESP. MR. P. CHIDAMBARAM

MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
31 August, 2010
To,
The honorable home minister of India
Resp. Mr. P. Chidambarm
Ministry of Home and Affairs
SUB. - Combating Terrorism in India.
Respected Sir,
I would like to draw your particular attention towards the measures which
have been taken by Indian government in order to combat terrorist activity
in India.
We have prepared a report on combating terrorism after analyzing the

different strategies of Indian government. However, we have also analyzed
the strategies of other countries such as USA, UK, JAPAN, etc. After deep
analysis of these policies we have prepared a recommendation for the Indian
government for combating terrorism.
We hope this recommendation would certainly be a great help for Indian

Government.
Sincerely,
& MANAGEMENT, MEERUT

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are truthfully thankful to Resp. Prof. Mr. Sham Sharma, for providing
us with the opportunity to prepare this report on “combating terrorism”.
We are grateful to Resp. Prof. Mr. Sham Sharma, for guiding us to

prepare an aesthetic report on combating terrorism with the proper
information and knowledge of sixteen elements of formal report writing.
Without his support it would have been difficult for us to complete the report
so meaningful and interesting.
We would like to thank the Resected faculty members, library staffs, and
seniors of Institute of Productivity & Management, Meerut for providing
us such a valuable guidelines, ideas, study materials and intellectual support
in order to complete this report.

CONTENTS
PAGE
SL. NO. PARTICULARS
NO.
1. TITLE PAGE ADDRESS TO PROF. MR. SHAM SHARMA. 1
TITLE PAGE ADDRESS TO RESP. HOME MINSTER OF

2. 2
INDIA.
FORMAL LETTER TO RESP. HOME MINISTER OF
3. 3
INDIA.
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
5. CONTENTS 5
6. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6
7. INTRODUCTION 7-11
8. TASK NO. 1 12-14
9. TASK NO. 2 15
10. TASK NO. 3 16-17
11. TASK NO. 4 ( ANSWERS OF ALL THE QUESTIONS) 18-32
12. RECOMMENDATION 33-35
13. GLOSSARY 36
14. BIBLIOGRAPHY 37

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report is based on combating terrorism. Terrorism is one of the biggest

concerns not only for a particular country, but also for the whole world. In
this particular report we have mentioned the various terrorist attacks which
took place in India and other countries, there effects on society and
economy of particular countries.
We have also written the brief introduction about various terrorist groups.
We have specifically mentioned the Indian Security Agencies, and their
policies in this report. Besides that, we have included the counter terrorism
policies of few countries such as India, USA, and UK etc.
In this report you would see charts and tables including all the major attacks
which took place in India between2007 to 2010, mentioned in Annexure 1
and Annexure2. Also, we have prepared a table including all the
investigation Agencies and there areas of operation related to terrorism.
We have answered specifically all the questions which were mentioned in

this report with the help of best available information.
At the end of this report we have analyzed the problems related to

combating terrorism and recommended measures to the government. We
hope in order to formulate the strategies to control the terrorist attack, our
recommendation would be a great help for the government.

INTRODUCTION
Terror word comes from a Latin term “terrere” meaning frighten. Terrorism
is the violence against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or
religious or ideological in nature. India has been badly affected by the
terrorist activity since 1993. In India the first major terrorist attack took
place on 12th March, 1993 in which 257 people were killed. Since then
terrorist attack is continuously increasing day by day. According to the
Global Terrorism Database, India has faced more than4, 100 terrorist
attacks between1970 and 2004. Now a days there are various newly formed
terrorist groups, are involved in disrupting the peace, they lure youngsters
to join there group, then they ignite them against their own society and
provide them with the training. It sounds very bad when we come to know
that few countries are nurturing and giving support to terrorists. They
provide them with shelter, food, weapons. Terrorist attack affects the life of
normal people, it affects their daily routine, it installs fear in them, and
Indian economy is also badly affected.
Combating terrorism is a big concern for the Indian Government, as there

have been several terrorist attacks, such as Parliament attack, Akshardham
attack, Mumbai attack, and serial bomb blast in different cities. Indian
government has made plans and formed various securities in order to
combat terrorism.
THE VARIOUS TERRORIST GROUPS:
 LASHKAR-E-TAIBA (LET)
Lashkar-e-Taiba means "Army of the Pure". It is a militant Islamist

group operating in Pakistan as well as in Jammu and Kashmir. The
group reportedly received funding from Pakistan's intelligence services
until 2001, when the United States designated it an FTO and Pakistan
froze its assets. LeT, which has ideological, but unconfirmed
operational ties to al-Qaeda, aims to win sovereignty for Jammu and
Kashmir and spread Islamic rule across India. The group is blamed for
some of the most high-profile terrorist attacks in India, including the
July 11, 2006 bombing of the Mumbai commuter rail.

 JAISH-E-MUHAMMAD
It means "Army of Mohammed" .It is another Pakistan-based terrorist

group operating in Jammu and Kashmir. Founded in 2000 by the
former leader of Harkat-ul-Ansar, Jaish-e-Muhammed seeks to drive
India out of Jammu and Kashmir and transfer control of the region to
Pakistan.
 HARAKAT UL-MUJAHADEEN (HUM)
They are "Islamic Freedom Fighters' Group" . It was founded in 1985

as an anti-Soviet group fighting in Afghanistan. When Soviet forces
withdrew in 1989, the Pakistan-based HuM shifted its focus to Jammu
and Kashmir. HuM seeks to battle "anti-Islamic forces" and its
members have helped carry out operations as far away as Myanmar,
Tajikistan, and Bosnia.
 THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (MAOIST)
It was formed by a merger of Naxalite groups in 2004 after talks

between the Indian government and the leftist militants broke down.
The group seeks to establish a "revolutionary zone" of control
extending from the Nepalese border down to the southern part of
Andhra Pradesh that would ultimately become a sovereign state.
 HARAKAT UL-JIHAD-I-ISLAMI (HUJI)
It was founded in 1980 to fight Soviets in Afghanistan but has since

concentrated its efforts in Jammu and Kashmir. HUJI, which is based in
Pakistan and Kashmir, primarily attacks Indian military targets, but it
is believed to be linked to the abduction and slaying of five Western
tourists in Jammu and Kashmir in 1995.
 JAMIAT UL-MUJAHADEEN
It is a small group of pro-Pakistan Kashmiri separatists operating in or

near Pakistan. It is thought to be responsible for a pair of 2004
grenade attacks against political targets in India.

 THE UNITED LIBERATION FRONT OF ASSAM (ULFA)
It has sought to establish an independent socialist state in Assam since

its founding in 1979. In the 1990s, ULFA's attacks on political leaders,
security forces, and infrastructure provoked a harsh response from the
Indian government, causing it to lose some support among the
residents of Assam. The U.S. State Department reports a December
2003 attack on a ULFA base by Indian forces caused the group's
numbers to drop from more than 3,000 to several hundred.
The table mentioned below in Annexure-I and Annexure-II shows the

terrorist attacks in India, which took place in last two years.

IPCS SPECIAL REPORT
No 71, May 2009
Annexure1: Terrorist Attacks across Indian Cities, 2008
TARGET DEATH/ TERRORIST

DATE PLACE
AREA CASUALTY GROUP
----------------
1ST JANUARY RAMPUR, UP CRPF 8
-------
JAIPUR, 8 MARKET INDIAN
13TH MAY 63/213
RAJASTHAN AREAS MUJAHEDEEN
BANGALORE, 9 SERIAL
25TH JULY 2/20+ SIMI
KARNATAKA BLAST
AHMEDABAD, 17 SERIAL INDIAN

26TH JULY 50+/160+
GUJARAT BLAST MUJAHEDEEN
13TH 5 SERIAL INDIAN

NEW DELHI 30/90
SEPTEMBER BLAST MUJAHEDEEN
27TH ----------------
NEW DELHI MARKET AREA 3/23
SEPTEMBER --------
----------------
1ST OCTOBER AGARTALA 3 BOMB BLAST 4/100
--------
CHHATTISGAR
20TH OCTOBER CRPF 13+/12 MAOIST
H
POLICE ----------------
21ST OCTOBER IMPHAL 17+/30+
COMPLEX -------
16 SERIAL ISF-INDIAN
30TH OCTOBER ASSAM 61
BLAST MUJAHEDEEN
MUMBAI,
26TH 10 TERROR LASHKAR-E-
MAHARASHTR 173+/327+
NOVEMBER ATTACKS TAIBA
A

Annexure2: Terrorist Attacks across Indian Cities, 2009 till August
2010
TARGET TERRORIST
DATE PLACE DEATH/CASUALTY
AREA GROUP
1ST GUWAHATI,
CIVILIANS 6/67 ULFA
JANUARY ASSAM
NEW MARKET --------------

18TH MARCH 1/12
JALPAIGURI AREA ---------
TEZPUR, MARKET --------------

25TH MARCH 12
ASSAM PLACE ---------
2 BOMB
6TH APRIL ASSAM 7/60 ULFA
BLAST
BOMB --------------
15TH MAY ORISSA 8
BLAST ---------
2 BLAST
22ND NALBARI,
ON 7/25 ULFA
NOVEMBER ASSAM
BICYCLE
10TH GUWAHATI, MARKET
4/17 NDFB
DECEMBER ASSAM PLACE
LAL
7TH LASHKAR-E-
SRINAGAR CHOWK 6/8
JANUARY TAIBA
PLACE
13TH PUNE, GERMAN --------------
16/60
FEBRUARY INDIA BAKERY ----------
2 ATTACK
TH --------------
16 MARCH KASHMIR ON 6/8
----------
MARKET

TASK NO.-1
The present Agencies/Ministries/Defense and Paramilitary forces,
that are individually and collectively facing the identification,
tackling and suppression of terrorist activities on Indian soil.
There are number of agencies, which tackle the terrorist activities in India.
They are supported by the Indian government. Name and special work of
these agencies are listed below.
1. ANTI-TERRORIST SQUAD
Anti –Terrorist Squad is created by Government of Maharashtra on 8 th

July, 2004. Anti-Terrorist Squad gathers information regarding anti-
national elements; it coordinates with Central information agencies,
such as RAW, IB and exchange information with them. It also shares
the information with other states in order to track the terrorist
activities.
2. NATIONALSECURITYGUARDS
The national security guards are one of the best security agencies in
India; it is formed in 1984 by the centralized emergency operational
force. This security is specially designed to tackle terrorism in the
country. If functions mostly in the areas where the activities of
terrorism is very high, and the state police and central police are
unable to handle the situation. This task-oriented force has two
complementary elements: Special Action group (SAG) comprising
Army personal and the Special Ranger Groups (SRG), comprising
personnel drawn for the Central Para Military forces/State police force.
3. SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE
Special Frontier Force is established in 1985. This force is responsible

for the security of the prime minister and other top official and their
families. It is the administrative protection agency of the government.
The work of the Special Protection Group became more organized only
after the 1991. The Special Protection Group has about 3,000
personnel from police forces as well as National Security Guards
commandos

4. RAPID ACTION FORCE (RAF)
The rapid action force is established in 11 December 1991, it deals

with riots and strife. It acted against the communal violence, as well
as terrorist attack such as Mumbai Terror Attacks on 26th November
2009. The force has made its impact against the troublemakers and
rejuvenated the confidence of the people. RAF builds bridges with the
public by executing prompt rescue and relief operations during floods,
earthquakes, cyclones and outbreak of epidemic in various parts of the
country.
5. CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
CBI is established on 1941 by the government of India. Earlier it was

involved in cases such as bribery and corruption in transaction with the
ware supply department. But as the time changes it has spread its
wings, it converted itself into two different investigation department
one is known as Anti-corruption division, and the other one is
Special-crime division. Special-crime division of the CBI handles the
cases of terrorism such as bomb blast, sensational homicides,
kidnapping for ransom and, crime committed by underworld.
6. INTELLIGENCE BUREAU
Intelligence bureau is the internal intelligence agency of the country

and it is the oldest intelligence agency of the world. Its activities are
highly confidential and no publications other than internal ones. Their
tasks include the clearance of license to radio professionals, and
another activity is passing on intelligence information among other
Indian intelligence agencies as well as the police.

7. MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
Ministry of home affairs is the responsible government body for the

legal framework for combating crime including international terrorism
includes crime, trans-border terrorism, crimes and other serious
offences, such as drug, trafficking, money laundering, counterfeit
currency, smuggling of arms and explosives, etc.
It controls all the security forces according to the requirement.
The functions of Ministry of home affairs are mentioned below….
 It eliminates threats to internal security including militancy,

insurgency and terrorism
 It preserves, protects and promotes social harmony.
 It enforces the rule of law and provides timely justice.
 It provides the society an environment free from crime.
 It upholds the principles of human rights.
 It mitigates the sufferings resulting from natural and man-made
disasters.

TASK NO.-2
The all party meet summoned by the prime minister within the
month of the attack and the consequent decision to setup a central
investigation agencies for monitoring and disseminating terrorist
information.
After the attack, Indian Prime Minister Man Mohan Singh apologized to the
Indian people on behalf of his government for being unable to prevent the
attacks. Number of meetings took place and decisions were taken to prevent
this kind of attack in near future.
1. On 2nd December 2008, a Cabinet Committee on security meetings was

held to discuss the expansion of National Security Guards (NSG) to
cities outside Delhi, as the possibility of terror attack on other metro
cities has increased drastically, such as Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore,
Hyderabad, and Kolkata. As on now there is only one head quarter for
NSG in Delhi, so every time whenever there is a terrorist attack in a
city like Mumbai, it takes time for NSG to reach the destination on
time. So the aim is to have permanent presence of NSG anti-terrorist
squads in metro cities.
2. Prime minster of India Dr. Man Mohan Singh called an all party
conference, to declare a legal fame work to strengthen the battle
against terrorism. And it was decided that a Federal anti-terrorist
intelligence and investigation agency would be set up, and its function
would be like FBI in US.
3. 11th December, 2008 Home Minister P. Chidambaram publically

announced major reforms for the country’s security infrastructure to
include the establishment of a new national investigation agency, a
new Coastal Command, 20 new counterterrorism schools, and new
regional commando bases.
4. On 17 December, 2008 The Parliament of India did come together in

addressing the issue, and passed a bill, endorsing, among other
things, the establishment of a National Investigative Agency. Finally
the National Investigation Agency bill and unlawful activities
(prevention) amendment bill passed and it became law on 30 th

December 2009, after president Mrs. Pratibha Patil gave an assent to
the bill.

TASK NO.-3
The progress made on the constitution, scope and activity of this
new investigating agency, set up by the central government.
NIA is formed in 2009, and currently its executive is Mr. S.C. Sinha (Director
General). Its head quarter is in New Delhi. It is very fortunate that after the
establishment of NIA, it has shown the considerable success in a lot of
cases, few are mentioned below.
 The NIA has registered two cases on 5 June, 2009 regarding seizure of
funds meant for DHD (J) outfit of Assam. 14 accused persons have
been filed in the special court at Guwahati. In this case the fund meant
for North Cachar hill Autonomous council were used for terrorist
activities.
 NIA registered a case against David Coleman Headily and Dawood

Gilani, and Tahawwur Hussain Rana and other who entered into the
criminal conspiracy with members of LeT and HUJI to commit terrorist
acts in New Delhi.
SCOPE OF NIA
The ultimate objective of NIA is to make Indians more secure. However the
NIA can only work if it has the cooperation of state governments,
irrespective or their political affiliation, and has the long term confidence of
ordinary people. Since NIA is not empowered to investigate a number of
interstate and trans-national crimes that requires a national response. Such
as human trafficking, drug trafficking, cybercrime, and organized crime are
not included in schedule of offences to the NIA Act. Whether this crime have
direct link with terrorism or not, the fact is that the prevention and
investigation of these offences are best served by a national body. These
crimes like terrorism are by their very nature national and international in
scope and design. In addition they can often have overt or covert links to
terrorism. An NIA that is most effective is one that looks at all national
crimes and is able to resolve the issue more efficiently and effectively. So
these are the scopes of NIA.

FUNCTION OF NIA
Power focus only on investigation, not prevention:
So far NIA have the authority to investigate throughout India any offences
listed in the schedule under the section 3(2) of the act. However the NIA has
not been given the necessary power to prevent the any offence, or take
action against any offences. In order for any law enforcement agency to
properly prevent crime it requires more power than simple investigation and
enforcement. Provision has to be made for sharing, collection, analysis of
intelligence. As pointed out by the various committee, the failing of the CBI
in acting against the combating corruption has been only because of it is an
investigative agency.

TASK NO.-4
1. The strategies that need to be put into place to make the
tackling of terrorism into an obsession.
There should be proper strategies to tackle the terrorism, as the terrorism

activity is increasing day by day, and common people are being targeted.
 Increasing national, bilateral and regional cooperation and co-

ordination among relevant agencies, which helps in combating
terrorism, money laundering, arms and explosive trafficking and
drugs smuggling. By sharing the experience, strategies and
training countries can ensure the effectiveness to fight against
terrorism, and organized crimes.
 Strengthening the efforts to ensure effective flow of information

among relevant law enforcement, national securities and
intelligence agency with anti-money laundering and countering
financing of terrorism responsibilities.
 The creation of special domestic bodies that would manage the

fund generated by money laundering, terrorism financing, arms
and drug smuggling and organized crime. These funds could be
used to strengthening the sources allocated to the fight against
these crimes, as well as compensate and assist the victims of
terrorism.
 According to the UN Security Council resolutions 1267 and 1373,

the assets of terrorist and the one who supports terrorism
activity should be freeze without delay. The implementation of
this resolution in India would certainly help the government in
two ways, one it would be a kind of revenue for the government
which can be spent of society welfare, and another would be the
identifying the various helping bodies, who helps the terrorist
activities.

 In every state there should be anti-terrorism agencies, and there
should be strong co-ordination among the states and center. So
they can share the information of terrorist activity, which could
take place in a particular state, it would help to track the
terrorist who is involved in this activity. It would reduce the
possibility of terrorist attack in any part of India.
2. Terrorist policies of developed and developing countries like

USA, UK, JAPAN, and INDIA.
UNITED STATE OF AMERICA

 DIPLOMACY/CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT
Use of diplomacy help to create a global anti-terror coalition is a
central component of the Bush administration response to September
11 event, it is consider to be list likely to widen the conflict and
therefore are usually tried first.
 ECONOMIC SANCTIONS
Use of economics sanction was usually occurred upon identification of
the nation as an active supporter or sponsor of international terrorism
or to target assets of a terrorist group. These sanction regimes can be
unilateral, such as US bans on trade and investment relation with Cuba
and Iran. Economic section may be restriction on trading, technology
transfer, foreign assistance, export credit and guaranties, foreign
exchange and capital transactions.
 COVERT ACTIONS
Intelligence gathering, infiltration of terrorist group and military
operation involves underground operation or so called covert activities.
These activities of a passive monitoring nature aimed at determining
the strategic intentions and capabilities of terrorist organizations.

 EXTRADITION/LAW ENFORCEMENT COOPERATION
International cooperation in such areas like law enforcement, custom
control and intelligence activities is essential for anti-terrorism
activities. Such as, FBI agents overseas facilitate investigation of
terrorist crime and augment the flow of intelligence about terrorist
group structure and membership, so critical law enforcement is a tool
for combating international terrorism.
 MILITARY FORCE
Since military force plays a vital role in security of any country, so
super power the United State successfully used its military force for
preemptive or retaliatory strikes to identify the terrorist and its state
sponsor as well as the precise location of the group, the information
that is often unavailable for us intelligence sources.
UK POLICY
With the suicide bombing attacks on London in July 2005, anti-terrorism has
become the absolute top priority for the UK Presidency (June-December
2005) and for Europe. The EU anti-terrorism policy, in place since the
2001 US attacks and extended after the 2004 bombings in Madrid, is being
stepped up. Following the London attacks in July 2005, EU interior ministers
held an extraordinary meeting where they agreed that all measures already
decided on should be implemented as a matter of urgency. These include:
 European evidence warrant;

 strengthening of Schengen and visa information systems;
 biometric details on passports;
 combating terrorist financing;
 prevention of recruitment and radicalization;
 Greater controls over trade, storage and transport of explosives.

JAPAN POLICY
The terrorist attacks of September 11, Japan has been constantly fighting
against international terrorism. In order to prevent and eradicate cross-
border terrorism, the international community needs to consolidate its
efforts for taking counter-terrorism measures. Japan's global efforts against
international terrorism continue, it should be noted that Japan has been and
will be providing support primarily for Asian countries, in terms of enhancing
their capacity of implementing counter-terrorism measures. Japan has been
taking actions and measures for capacity building for combating terrorism, in
six major areas.
 Immigration.
 Aviation Security.
 Customs Cooperation.
 Export Control.
 Law-Enforcement cooperation.
 Anti-Terrorist financing.

INDIAN POLICY
India’s domestic policies on terrorism are based on the following
principles:
A genuine and well-functioning democracy, good governance,

responsiveness to public grievances, effective policing and economic
development are the best antidotes to terrorism.
 The government has refused any kind of concessions to

terrorists resorting to intimidation tactics such as hijacking,
hostage-taking, etc.
 The government has refused to hold talks with terrorists until

they give up violence, but began to search for a political solution
through talks once the terrorists give up violence.
 The government has announced many packages for the

economic development of the affected areas and has been trying
to implement them despite the terrorist violence.
India’s external terrorism policies are based on following principles:
 The effective physical security measures so that even if

intelligence fails, security agencies are able to prevent acts of
terrorism.
 To highlighting the positive aspects of the affected community or

religion to prevent the build-up of a negative image of the
community or religion in the eyes of the public.
 The active interaction with the media to ensure that they do not
make terrorist leaders appear like hero or prejudice the minds of
the public about the affected community or religion or create
problems for effective counter-terrorism operations.
 The refresher training of all those involved in counter-terrorism

operations through special classes, seminars, opportunities for
interaction with those who have distinguished themselves in
counter-terrorism operations, etc.

 India will not move forward any more for any bilateral relations
till Pakistan stops cross-border terrorism, winds up the terrorist
infrastructure in its territory and gives up the use of terrorism as
a weapon against India.
Beside that all other countries like Israel, Argentina, Spain, and Russia adopt
the similar fashion of anti-terrorism policies to fight against terrorist
activities.
3. The perception of the Indian government and the Indian public

on the source of terrorism in the country.
As we know that there is continuous terrorist activity takes place in India.

Since the Indian government and the Indians perceptions on source of
terrorism in country are
 ISI-Pakistan’s military intelligence agency, the Inter-services

Intelligence (ISI). As most of the countries think that there is links
between ISI and terrorist groups. British Defense Ministry think tank
also charged indirectly Pakistan through the ISI supporting terrorism
whether in London on 7/7 attack or in Afghanistan or in Iraq.
 According to WFP, India accounts 50% of the world hungry and its
fiscal deficit is one of the highest in the world. India’s Global Hunger
Index score 23.7, a rank of 66th out of 88 countries. 34.7% of the
Indian population lives with an income below $1 a day and 79.9%
below $2 a day. And according to the India’s planning commission
report 26.1% are below poverty line. So we can well imagine the
existing condition of India. Poverty, unemployment, increasing
population, worst condition of education is the some of major factors
for the terrorist activities.
 Castism, corruption, discrimination against Dalit or other lower caste,

discrimination against Minority. About 20% are the religious
minorities. Muslims constitutes 138 million around 13.45%, Christians
24 million, Sikhs 19 million, Buddhists 8 million, Jain 4 million and
others minorities are 6.6 million. So this discrimination plays an
important role to create worst condition in India. If we go through the
Rajinder Sachar committee report admitted that 138 million
Muslims across India are severely under-represented in government

employment, including public sector units. The only place where
Muslims can claim a share in proportion to their population is in prison
as Muslims convicts in India is 19.1%, while 22.5% are under trials.
 Kashmir is the other main factor for the origin and growth of terrorism
in the country. The rise of Islamism fundamentalism and emergence
of Al-Qaeda has added another dimension to the insurgency in Jammu
& Kashmir.
4. The factor influences the willingness of government to action

against terrorist activity.
Terrorist activities are affecting the nation, they are killing people
spreading terror among people, luring youngsters to join terror group,
also they are discriminating the society on the basis of religion, and
they keep attacking on Temples and Mosques.
On 13 December, 2001 Indian parliament was attacked by Lashkar-e-

Toiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed terrorists. 6 police personals and 1
civilian were killed in this attack.
On 25 September, 2002 there was terrorist attack on Akshardham

Temple, at that point in time 600 devotees were present in the temple.
In this attack 29 people were killed and another 79 devotees were
wounded.
These kinds of activities affect the society in very negative way, it

creates fear among the people, also it creates rift between two
religions. Because of these factors government wants to take action
against terrorist.
Including these factors there are another important factors, because of

that government wants to take action against terrorist.
A) EFFECTS ON SOCIETY
Terrorist attack affects the society in a very negative way as I
mentioned above, people feel insecure, and day to day activities
are affected.

B) EFFECT ON INDIAN ECONOMY
Indian Economy is growing very fast with the GDP growth rate of
9.3 percent. Many people believe that the terrorist activities do
not affect the economic activity of a nation, however if we think
in a broader way and consider the geo-political and economic
scenario, we can see the impact. Following are the issues which
has been major hindrance for Indian economic growth.
 Loss of human capital.
 Political Instability.
 Long term financial loss.
 Affect the stock market.
 Affecting the industries operating in areas such as
airline, tourism.
C) EFFECT ON TOURISM SECTOR
Due to terrorist attack on Mumbai, and the global economic
crisis, no. of tourist started declining. Tourists’ arrival to India
was down by more than 17% in January, 2009, where it was
12.5% in December, 2008.
d) Effect on Environment
The environment is also affected by terrorist activity. The
biological element such as disease causing bacteria and viruses
becomes potent weapons when taken out of their natural
environment. Such as after the attack on WTC, several pieces of
mail in and around Florida, Washington DC, and New York City
tested positive for the bio-contaminant anthrax. Over 10,000
people may have been exposed, and five people were died due
to inhalation of anthrax.

5. To what extent does the declared ideology of government in
power, empower or hinder its approach to resolution of the
issues at hand.
Any measures to solve the problem of terrorism will be a futile exercise

without strong political will and a readiness to place national security
interests above party interests. Vote bank politics, if unavoidable, should be
indulged in without adversely affecting the needs of national security. India
has the collective ability effectively to target all forms of terrorism that
threaten the nation’s security and integrity. However, the will to give the
highest priority to national security are in practice. Terrorism has not
succeeded in severely disrupting communal harmony or political stability or
economic growth. There is confidence still displayed by the international
community, including the business class, in India’s ability to deal with the
problem of terrorism and to protect them. Despite the frequent terrorist
activities, India has not been doing too badly overall. Very few other
governments could have done much better, in such circumstances. The
proposal of the Home Minister before the Cabinet provided by a Committee
of Secretaries headed by National Security Adviser M K Narayanan. The
other members of the high-level committee were Principal Secretary to the
Prime Minister T K A Nair, Home Secretary Madhukar Gupta, Law Secretary T
K Vishwanathan and Defense Secretary Vijay Singh for changes such as…..
 Set up NIA to probe terror cases anywhere in country.

 CISF to guard private installations.
 Longer period in detention without bail for terror accused.
 Power to NIA to freeze bank accounts, property of accused.
UPA government policies to fight against terrorism empower too much to

resolve the issue of terrorism.
 The criminal justice system, from investigation through

prosecution and sentencing, has a very poor record of delivery.
The Model Police Act, drafted by the Soli Sorabjee Committee (as
a sequel to the 1981 recommendations of the National Police

Commission and commended by the Supreme Court of India in
its 2006 directives to the central and state governments),
provided the police to conduct investigation without political
interference and any distinction between majority and minority.
As of now after the Mumbai attack the investigation, prosecution
and death sentenced punishment to Kasab shows the
improvement in Indian policy against crimes.
 The effective task forces which are set up by the government

like STF, ATS NSG commandos give its complete efforts to
combat terrorism. We have example of Mumbai attack in which
these forces plays very important role.
Still UPA government has to work too much, to strengthen the internal
security of India against terrorism.

6. The lesson from the past that the government can use to
strategize implement and control its terrorist line of attack.
Through the previous terrorist activities UPA government analyses the areas
where we are lacking to fight against terrorism. Since international terrorism
is a growing phenomenon and there is no permanent solution. Meeting the
counter-terrorism challenges, we have to aim at detection and prevention of
terrorist attacks. The government has implement initiatives within the
country like four NSG hubs, FIA, amendment of the UAPA Act, Coastal
Command and international cooperation to fight against terrorism.
Beside that the lesson from the past terrorist attack helps the
government to strengthen its…..
 SECURING THE HOME FRONT AGAINST THE TERROR BY

UPGRADING THE INTELLIGENCE:
For that set-up a National Investigative Agency to investigate
terror cases across the country and also ensured greater co-
ordination and sharing of information among intelligence
agencies by reactivating the Multi-Agency Centre (MAC). MAC
functions on a 24x7 basis and share intelligence with other
agencies.
 STRENGTHENING THE ARMED FORCES:

Enhance military for instant use of military operations; acquire
more Aerostat radars, UAVs, AWACS and spy satellites; special
forces for anti-terrorist operations; hire more human intelligence
assets for cross-border intelligence.
 MODERNIZATION OF POLICE FORCES:

The central government well knows the position of police forces.
So to control terrorist activity government has to equip the
Central Police Organization which includes NSG, BSF, CRPF,
CISF, and SSB.

 ENHANCING TECHNOLOGY:
Most of the time terrorist activity takes place. But the police,
investigation agencies are unable to find any proof regarding the
terrorist. So the government can analyses that and work on to
enhance their technology to improve its security measures at
airport, railway stations and other places.
7. Governments deemed to be “natural hosts” to the genesis,

nurturing, growth and elimination of terrorist groups.
There are few countries which are nurturing the terrorist activities,
they are giving shelter to terrorists and providing other facilities like
food, weapons to them. Because of that the number of terrorist groups
are increasing and operating in various countries such as India,
America, UK.The name of countries and the way they are nurturing
and supporting the terrorism is mentioned below.
PAKISTAN: For the time being Pakistan has been accused, not only by
India but also US and UK for involvement in terrorism in Kashmir and
Afghanistan. Poland has also alleged that terrorists have friends in
Pakistani government structures.IN July 2009, one statement made by
president of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardai, that the Pakistani Government
had, created and nurtured terrorist groups to achieve its short-term
foreign policy goals. The Pakistani military and the ISI have provided
covert support to terrorist groups active in Kashmir, including the Al-
Qaeda affiliate Jaish-e-Mohammed; this is stated by the Council of
Foreign Relations. The Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front has stated that
it was training more than 3000 militants from various nationalities.
ISI (The Pakistan Intelligence Agency) is out of control and run by Al-
Qaeda, the attack which took place on 9 September in US, was
planned by both the terrorist group ISI and Al-Qaeda. Recently in
Mumbai Attack Indian police caught the one and only live terrorist
Ajmal Kasab who told the police that he was trained at Lashkar-e-
Taiba camp in Pakistan. But the Pakistani Prime minister is still asking
India to provide evidence to Pakistan involvement. Pakistani leaders
maintained a nice policy to make US leaders dumb for years. They
denies there involvement and at the same point in time help the

terrorist from back door. If Pakistan really wants to remove terrorism
from their country they could have done it before since they have
power authority, US support and everything they needed. But the
instead of that it is nurturing the terrorist groups.
IRAN: Iran and Syria gives the financial support to Hezbollah for its
terrorist activities in many countries. At the same time Tehran’s role in
supporting Hezbollah and other terrorist groups is also crucial. After
the 1979 Islamic revolution, Tehran uses wide range of terrorist group
to export its revolution and to assist Iranian throughout the globe.
Tehran played major role in forming Hezbollah and helping it to
conduct attacks in Lebanon. Iran also used terrorism to raise the heat
in Iraq.
There are other countries also supporting the terrorist activities such
as China, Afghanistan, Taliban, affecting the economic growth not only
of India but also other countries.
8. The counter terrorist measures that have proven workable and

those that have not?
In India the counter terrorism techniques are followed by the

intelligence agencies, they play an important role as the eyes and ears
of the government in different communities to detect feelings of anger
and alienation which need immediate attention.
THE COUNTER TERRORIST MEASURES THAT HAVE PROVEN

WORKABLE:
 Now there is peace in Nagaland with a duly elected government

promoting the economic development of the state. Only a small group
of Nagas from the bordering areas of Manipur has not yet given up
arms, but it is observing a ceasefire and negotiating with the
government.
 There has been peace in Mizoram for nearly 20 years now.
 Pakistan has not yet given up its efforts to re-kindle terrorism in

Punjab through some terrorist leaders and hijackers given sanctuary in
its territory. However there has been peace in Punjab since 1995.

 The Ananda Marg has been dormant since 1995.
 As the economic and social development of the states affected by

Maoist terrorism moves forward, these groups are bound to wither
away.
 In J&K, the opposition has come to power after last September's

election and is trying to reduce the alienation of the people and deal
effectively with the Pakistani jihadis.
 The Indian Muslim community, despite feeling hurt because of the

large-scale anti-Muslim violence in Gujarat last year, has remained
fiercely loyal, law-abiding and forward-looking. It has kept its distance
from Al Qaeda and the IIF and repulsed the approaches of Pakistani
jihadi organizations aligned with Al Qaeda.
 Southeast Asian countries have been increasingly affected by pan-

Islamic jihadi terrorism spawned in madrasas and training camps in
Pakistan and Afghanistan. Cadres of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front
and Abu Sayaaf of the southern Philippines had fought along with
Pakistani jihadi and Afghan mujahedeen groups against Soviet troops
in Afghanistan in the 1980s. The links built then have been sustained.
 Pakistan's HuM, which is a member of Osama bin Laden'sIIF, has been

training the Abu Sayaaf group and providing it with arms and
ammunition. HuM leaders claim that many of its cadres fought against
Filipino security forces along with Abu Sayaaf, achieved 'martyrdom'
and are buried there. In 1998, Abu Sayaaf became a member of bin
Laden's IIF.
 The Jemmah Islamiyah, which has been coordinating pan-Islamic

jihadi activities in Southeast Asia, is sought to be patterned after the
IIF. It is believed to have many cadres of Afghan jihad vintage in its
ranks and leadership.
 Last year, the total number of students from Southeast Asia studying
in Pakistan's pan-Islamic madrasas was estimated at 400. Some of
them had gone to Afghanistan and fought against American troops in
order to get jihadi experience.

 The Pakistan branch of the Tablighi Jamaat is very active in Southeast
Asia. It ostensibly teaches the Muslims of the region to be better
Muslims, but actually acts as the front organization for IIF jihadi
members for recruiting local volunteers for training and funneling
financial and other assistance.
 India has a good database on these organizations and their activities

and valuable experience in dealing with them. Close interaction
between the counter-terrorism agencies of India and countries of the
Southeast Asian region would, therefore, be of mutual benefit.

RECOMMENDATIONS
As we made the report with the help of various resources, we came to know
that, whatever preventing measures taken by the UPA government for
combating terrorism is not very much effective to resolve this issue.
However, we have a lot of alternatives are available to resolve this issue. We
have seen in case of USA, after the 9/11 attack on WTC, USA came with
very effective measure policies, and because of that reason the terrorist
attack has not been repeated. However, in case of India, the terrorist attack
has been increased rapidly.
In order to fight against terrorism effectively at the national level, we want

to suggest the establishment of a ‘National Counter Terrorism Architecture’.
It essentially involves prevention of terror attacks through intelligence,
physical security, proactive policing, strengthening maritime security and
revamped counter-terrorism machinery in metro cities. Towards this end,
the Report forwards a set of recommendations. Some of these are:
 Creation of a Director of National Intelligence for better intelligence

assessment.
 Creation of a National Counter Terrorism Agency for collection and

dissemination of processed intelligence and for investigating all terror
related cases.
 Strengthening intelligence sharing.
 Developing National Intelligence Grid.
 Creation of a separate Ministry of Internal Security dealing exclusively

with terrorism and left wing extremism.
 Implementation of police reforms to build a robust professional police

force.
 Strengthening coastal police and Coast Guard and soliciting active

participation of fishermen community.
 Establishing of effective response system in cities.

 The Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) should be again implemented
effectively.

LEGAL REGIME IN INDIA
In keeping with the requirement of dealing with the menace of terrorism,

India has put in place a comprehensive legal infrastructure. There are
several pieces of legislation, of which some of them are listed below-
 The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967.

 The Armed Forces (Special) Powers Act, 1967.
 The National Security Act, 1980.
 The Arms Act, 1959.
 The Explosives Act, 1884.
 The Explosives Substance Act, 1908.
 The Indian Penal Code, 1860.
 The Code of Criminal Procedures, 1973.
 The Anti-Hijacking Act, 1982.
 The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2000.
EVALUATE AND STRENGTHEN AIRPORT AND PORT

SECURITY
Pre-flight screening of passengers and carry-on baggage is a cornerstone of

our domestic security program. Since 1972 these procedures have detected
over 30,000 firearms and resulted in 13,000 arrests. However, the recent
terrorist acts against international aviation and maritime interests indicate a
need for continual monitoring and updated security procedures. This is
especially true at ports and on board ships where there are no international
or federally prescribed security measures.
The interagency Working Group on Maritime Security, chaired by the

Department of Transportation, should survey security procedures and the
threat potential to vessels, passengers and crew members. It also should
review statutory authority. If adequate authority does not exist,
recommendations should be made, in consultation with other appropriate
agencies, for new legislation. In addition, legislation should be pursued to
allow for a criminal background investigation of individuals working in
restricted areas at airports and terminals. Finally, the Department of State
and the Coast Guard should continue to work through the International
Maritime Organization to develop internationally agreed measures to protect
ships’ passengers and crews.

PURSUE ADDITIONAL INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
International cooperation is crucial to long-term deterrence of terrorism. It

can be achieved through multilateral and bilateral agreements. While
progress in achieving a multilateral agreement has been slow, efforts should
continue to reach an agreement to show that many nations are committed to
fighting terrorism as an international crime against society.
In the absence of a multilateral agreement, the Department of State should

aggressively continue to seek international cooperation through:
 General resolutions or agreements, in the United Nations and in

other specialized organizations, concerning civil aviation, maritime
affairs and tourism.
 Enhanced and more widely-ratified international conventions on

subjects such as hijacking, hostage-taking and protection of
diplomats.
 Less formal agreements that illustrate an international consensus

to take effective action against terrorism.
 Improved implementation of existing agreements to fight

terrorism.

GLOSSARY
 AWACS—Airborne Warning & Control System
 ATS—Anti-Terrorist Squad
 BSF—Border Security Force
 CBI—Central Bureau of Investigation
 CRPF—Central Reserve Police Force
 CISF—Central Industrial and Security Force
 FBI—Federal Bureau of Investigation
 GDP—Gross Domestic Product
 IB—Intelligence Bureau
 ISI—Inter-Service Intelligence
 MHA—Ministry of Home Affairs
 MAC—Multy-Agency Centre
 NDFB—National Democratic Front of Bodoland
 NSG—National Security Guards
 NIA—National Investigation Agency
 POTA—Prevention of Terrorism Act
 RAF—Rapid Action Force
 RAW—Research & Analysis Wing
 SSB—Sashastra Seema Bal
 STF—Special Task Force
 SFF—Special Frontier Force
 SIMI—Student Islamic Movement of India
 UPA—United Progressive Alliance
 UAPA—Unlawful Activities Prevention Act
 UAV—Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
 ULFA—United Liberation Front of Asom
 WFP—World Food Programme
 WTC—World Trade Center

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 www.google.com
 http://www.idsa.in/bookreview/combating terrorism_pdas_250110
 http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/apr/05spec.htm
 http://www.google.co.in/#hl=en&q=indias+counter+terrorism+strate
gy
 http://www.cfr.org/publication/11170/counterterrorism_in_india.htm
 http://counterterrorismblog.org/2010/03/indias_strategic_role_in_cou
nt.php
 http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/apr/04spec.htm
 http://www.jago.in/news_desc.php?nid=35
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-sponsored_terrorism
 http://www.policyproposalsforindia.com/home_details.php?cms_id=14&languageid=1
 http://www.articlesbase.com/politics-articles/countering-terrorism-in-india-some-
policy-suggestions-1013050.html
 www.scribd.com
 www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Mumbai-effect.../399003/ (Yemen)
 http://specials.indiatoday.com/petition_english/mission.shtml
 Magazines- India Today, Frontline,

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INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY

REPORT ON COMBATING TERRORISM

RESP. PROF. MR. SHAM SHARMA VISHAL KUMAR SINGH.

M.A. (LUCKNOW), D.M.M. (LONDON) VIVEK RANJAN.

INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT, MEERUT Page 1

REPORT ON COMBATING TERRORISM

HONORABLE HOME MINISTER OF INDIA

RESP. MR. P. CHIDAMBARAM

INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT, MEERUT Page 2

The honorable home minister of India

Resp. Mr. P. Chidambarm

Ministry of Home and Affairs

SUB. - Combating Terrorism in India.

We have prepared a report on combating terrorism after analyzing the

We hope this recommendation would certainly be a great help for Indian

& MANAGEMENT, MEERUT

INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT, MEERUT Page 3

We are grateful to Resp. Prof. Mr. Sham Sharma, for guiding us to

INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT, MEERUT Page 4

1. TITLE PAGE ADDRESS TO PROF. MR. SHAM SHARMA. 1

TITLE PAGE ADDRESS TO RESP. HOME MINSTER OF

8. TASK NO. 1 12-14

10. TASK NO. 3 16-17

11. TASK NO. 4 ( ANSWERS OF ALL THE QUESTIONS) 18-32

12. RECOMMENDATION 33-35

INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT, MEERUT Page 5

This report is based on combating terrorism. Terrorism is one of the biggest

We have answered specifically all the questions which were mentioned in

At the end of this report we have analyzed the problems related to

INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT, MEERUT Page 6

Combating terrorism is a big concern for the Indian Government, as there

THE VARIOUS TERRORIST GROUPS:

Lashkar-e-Taiba means "Army of the Pure". It is a militant Islamist

INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT, MEERUT Page 7

It means "Army of Mohammed" .It is another Pakistan-based terrorist

 HARAKAT UL-MUJAHADEEN (HUM)

They are "Islamic Freedom Fighters' Group" . It was founded in 1985

 THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (MAOIST)

It was formed by a merger of Naxalite groups in 2004 after talks

 HARAKAT UL-JIHAD-I-ISLAMI (HUJI)

It was founded in 1980 to fight Soviets in Afghanistan but has since

It is a small group of pro-Pakistan Kashmiri separatists operating in or

INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT, MEERUT Page 8

It has sought to establish an independent socialist state in Assam since

The table mentioned below in Annexure-I and Annexure-II shows the

INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT, MEERUT Page 9

No 71, May 2009

Annexure1: Terrorist Attacks across Indian Cities, 2008

TARGET DEATH/ TERRORIST

AHMEDABAD, 17 SERIAL INDIAN

13TH 5 SERIAL INDIAN

INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT, MEERUT Page 10

NEW MARKET --------------

TEZPUR, MARKET --------------

INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT, MEERUT Page 11

Anti –Terrorist Squad is created by Government of Maharashtra on 8 th

3. SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

Special Frontier Force is established in 1985. This force is responsible

INSTITUTE OF PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT, MEERUT Page 12

The rapid action force is established in 11 December 1991, it deals

5. CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

CBI is established on 1941 by the government of India. Earlier it was

Intelligence bureau is the internal intelligence agency of the country