Status of Hydropower in Japan

May, 2007
New Energy Foundation
 Contents

•Energy in Japan
•Present Status of Hydropower Development
•Policy for Hydropower Introduction
•Licensing Procedures for Hydropower
Development
Energy Demand in Japan
Energy Supply in Japan (1)
Energy Supply in Japan (2)
Background of Hydropower Development
•Hydropower potential survey
1) First Survey (1910-1913)
To correct understand potential
2) Second and Third Survey (1918-1923, 1937-1941)
To make efficient use of hydropower resource
3) Fourth Survey (1956-1959)
To cope with peak load
4) Fifth Survey (1980-1985)
To strengthen the hydropower development
5) Review of Fifth Survey (1993-1995)
To review the promising sites
 Hydropower Resources
and Development Status (1)

Possible Annual
Total Output Average Output
Number of Sites Generation Power
(kW) (kW)
(MWh)
92,464,155
Developed 1,859 22,134,054 11,906
(66%)
Under 2,253,756
26 853,639 32,832
Construction (1%)
45,888,636
Untapped 2,714 12,130,690 4,470
(33%)

Total 4,599 35,118,383 7,636 140,606,547

(31 March, 2006)

 Hydropower Resources
and Development Status (2) Developed Under construction Unexploited
Power Power Power
Output classification Output Output Output
Sites Generation Sites Generation Sites Generation
(kW) (kW) (kW)
(MWh) (Mwh) (Mwh)
Under 1,000 445 195,209 1,249,280 9 3,439 12,200 371 242,190 1,218,611
1,000 ・ 3,000 421 751,990 4,221,711 4 13,000 67,093 1,233 2,266,800 9,204,386
3,000 ・ 5,000 165 622,415 3,321,659 4 22,600 96,960 523 1,961,900 7,887,463
5,000 ・ 10,000 285 1,928,750 9,963,840 1 27,300 133,343 340 2,287,800 9,174,150
10,000 ・ 30,000 363 6,058,100 28,140,354 7 126,500 499,861 209 3,313,000 12,331,126
30,000 ・ 50,000 89 3,370,600 14,946,209 0 38,000 144,738 21 801,900 2,610,500
50,000 ・ 100,000 64 4,183,690 16,398,316 0 84,800 449,484 14 879,100 2,353,400
Over 100,000 27 5,023,300 14,222,786 1 538,000 850,077 3 378,000 1,109,000
Total 1,859 22,134,054 92,464,155 26 853,639 2,253,756 2,714 12,130,690 45,888,636
Average 11,906 49,739 32,832 86,683 4,470 16,908

U n d e r 1 ,0 0 0 9 445 371

・・
・・・・
・・・・
・・・ 4 421 1 ,2 3 3
Output classification (kW)

・・
・・・・
・・・・
・・・ 4 165 523

・・
・・・・
・・・・・
・・・ 1 285 340

・・・
・・・・
・・・・・
・・・ 7 363 209

・・・
・・・・
・・・・・
・・・ 89 21

・・・
・・・・
・・・・・・
・・・ 64 14

O v e r 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 27 3

-660000 -440000 - 22 00 00 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

D e v e lo p p e d U n d e r c o n s tr u c tio n U n tap p e d
 Factor of Development
and Promotion for Hydropower
•Contribution to the energy security
•Contribution to the prevention of global warming
•Long-term stability of the generating cost
•Function of a local energy
•Promotion of regional development and regional
industries
1) Ripple effects of hydropower development
2) Promotion of regional industries
 Target of Hydropower Development

•Present State
Hydropower accounts for 10% of the total electric
power supply and for 20% of the total installed capacity
in Japan.
Hydropower plays an important role
•Future
Target of the total hydropower development is
20,700MW by FY2010.
 Development Targets of
Conventional Hydropower
FY1990 (Developed) FY2000 (Developed) FY2010 (Target)
Output Output Output
Ratio (%) Ratio (%) Ratio (%)
(MW) (MW) (MW)
19,310 11.2 20,080 8.8 20,700 8.5

Development target of addition: 60MW/year

Considerable effort is necessary to achieve this target

•Decrease of the economical undeveloped hydropower
potential sites
•Increase public concern of the environmental
conservation
 Policy to Promote Hydropower
•Reduction of construction cost
Application of new techniques
Developing technology about simplified electric
generation system etc.
•Reinforcement of hydropower development promotion
and environment conservation
•Condition ordering to hydropower development
promotion
Simplification and review of criteria
Enhancement of Subsidy System
Introduction of RPS system etc.
 Outline of the RPS System
•Type of Energy Covered
Solar, Wind, Biomass, Hydro (up to 1MW), Geothermal
•Utilization Target
The target for 2010 is 12.2 TWh, which would comprise
1.35% of national electricity supply.
•Fulfillment of Obligations
ⅰ. By generation of electricity oneself
ⅱ. By purchasing the new energy electricity from
another party
ⅲ. By purchasing an "New Energy Certificates" from
another party
Hydro Valley Development Programmes
Various Water Vitalization of Local
Resources Communities

Mountain
MountainStreams
Streams Local
LocalInfrastructures
Infrastructures
Small-Micro
Irrigation Hydro Services
Services&&Businesses
IrrigationWater
Water Businesses

Farming
Farming
Sand-guard
Sand-guardDam
DamWater
Water
Fishery
Fishery
Fresh
FreshWater
WaterSupply
Supply
Tourist
TouristSpots
Spots
Sewage
SewageDrain
DrainWater
Water
Local
LocalEmployment
Employment
Hydro Valley Development Programmes
 Subsidy System (1)
•Financial assistance to hydropower plant construction
cost

Financial assistance
(a) Excluding the installation
of new technologies
Financial assistance
Scale of Hydro-plant
rate
(b) For the installation
of new technologies
Financial assistance
Scale of Hydro-plant
rate

–5MW 20% –30MW 50%

5 –30MW 10%
 Subsidy System (2)

•Interest Subsidy for hydropower plant construction

cost

Interest Subsidy
Number of years after the beginning of operation
Scale of Hydro-plant
1 –3 year 4 –6 year 7 –9 year 10 –12 year
–5 MW 3.0 2.5 1.5 1.0
5 –30MW 2.0 1.0 1.0 -
Unit; % (rate of interest subsidy to construction cost)
1. F/S - Project Commencement

F/S for Specific Sites

Site Determination

Concept Design

Presentation to Authorities
and Local Communities
Relevant Public Authorities
EIA (if required)
and Any Interested Parties
Project Commencement
2. Project Commencement
–License Acquisition
Application for Permit etc.
<Electricity Utility Industry Law>

Registration of Work Plan Acceptance by METI

<River Law>

Application for Acceptance and Permit

Water Right Utilization by MLIT or Local
<Natural Park Law>, <Nature Conservation Law>, <Law for the Protection of Cultural
Properties>, <Land Expropriation Law>, <Forest Law>, <Fisheries Resources Protection Act>,
<National Land Use Planning Law>, <National Property Law>, <Landslide Prevention Law>
and Other Relevant Law

Application for Acceptance and Permit

Relevant Permits by Relevant Authorities

Power Purchase Contract

3. License Acquisition
–Construction Completion
Start of Construction Works

<Electricity Utility Industry Law>

Application for Approval by METI

Safety Inspection

<River Law>

Application for Approval by MLIT

Work Completion Test or Local Municipality

Completion of Construction Works

4. Construction Completion
–Start of Commercial Operation
<Electricity Utility Industry Law>

Registration of Safety Rules

Acceptance by METI
Registration of Chief Engineer

<River Law>

Registration of Chief Engineer Approval by MLIT

or Local Municipality

Start of Commercial Operation <Notes>

EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment
METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
MLIT: Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport
Thank you for your kind attention

E-mail : hydropower@nef.or.jp

Eiji Yamamoto
New Energy Foundation