WALL CONFINEMENT TECHNIQUE

by magnetic gradient inversion

J.P.Petit & J.C.Doré
FRANCE
 We can then express the
electrical conductivity in the
form of a matrix. One can also
say that there are two
conductivities, one parallel,
"direct" and the other
"transverse".
At a given pressure, depending on the
value of the magnetic field,
determining that the Hall parameter,
there are two extremes of situations. .

First configuration: the Hall parameter

is small compared with unity. The
electrical conductivity is reduced to
the scalar electrical conductivity.
 Second configuration: The Hall
parameter is very large compared
to unity.

We obtain the following

If we want to obtain high values of
Hall parameter with modest
resources (permanent magnets)
we have a solution: Work under
low pressure.

Here is our test bench.

 This research is part of a study
program on disc-shaped flying
machines, operating on ambient
air using Lorentz forces
This work has been the subject of
numerous publications including,
most recently :
- Symposium UAPPC Vilnius, 2008
(3 papers)
- Symposium AIAA Bremen, 2008,
on the hypersonics aerodynamic.
 You can download these
communications to the addresses
listed after:
MHD hypersonic flow control for aerospace applications
http://www.mhdprospects.com/pdf/MHD_hypersonic_flow_control_for_aerospace_a
pplications_AIAA2009
Non equilibrium plasma instabilities
http://www.mhdprospects.com/pdf/non_equilibrium_plasma_instabilities_eappc200
8.pdf
Wall confinement technique by magnetic gradient inversion. Accelerators combining
induction effect and pulsed ionization. Applications.
http://www.mhdprospects.com/pdf/wall_confinement_technique_eappc2008.pdf
MHD flow-control for hypersonic flight
http://www.mhdprospects.com/pdf/mhd_controlled_hypersonic_flight_eappc2008.p
df
In these aircraft, the magnetic field
is produced by a system of
solenoids, but we replace them
with permanent magnets.
In the assembly that following we
want to make a current flow from
A to B in the vicinity of the wall of
the disc-shaped craft. But the
unhomogenity of the magnetic
field will immediately create a
problem.
 The discharge is to establish
himself in order to minimize the
electrical resistance of plasma. And
to do that it will tend to migrate to
regions where the electrical
conductivity is greatest.
 So in strong Hall parameter
regime, where the magnetic field is
weaker.
Far the wall. And we get this:
For an axisymmetric discharge, we
use a segmented upper electrode
How to successfully flatten the
discharge against the wall?
 We will ensure that the magnetic
field is minimal in the vicinity of
the wall.

So it stands in high Hall effect

regime, as a region of higher
electrical conductivity at a distance
 With solenoids, we would use a
"solenoid containment," which we
replace here by a second
permanent magnet
Here the magnetic field obtained
with the two magnets of opposite
polarity.
The magnetic field is maximum on
a truncated cone (white), behaving
as a magnetic barrier, an region of
lower electrical conductivity
which will tend to flatten the
discharge against the wall.
Calculate the value of field B on
few point
This field is minimal in b, to the
wall
In our experience we can gradually
down the magnet containment.
Below, an intermediate situation
where the discharge begins to get
closer to the wall
Now we go down completely the
magnet containment and we get
the desired result
Side View:
Reviewing our bench test picture,
we see at the top the actuator
which ensures the descent of the
magnet containment
Referring to the communication of
Vilnius (2008) and Bremen (2009),
the MHD induction aerodyne is
composed of two saucers pressed
one against the other
 The magnetic field (AC) is
produced by a system with three
solenoids. A main solenoid
equatorial and two containment
solenoids, smaller
 The variation of the B field
produces an induced field that will
create a plasma, which will locate
in areas dyed pink
 As explained in the cited
publications, the instant JXB force
due to the combination of the
induce electric current and
magnetic field produces radial
forces
alternatively centrifugal and
centripetal
 If nothing is done, it will only
“throw off the gas radially”. But we
can modulate the conductivity by
introducing a parietal system
ionizer.
When the electromotive field is
centripetal, it will ionize at the
bottom:
When it will be centrifugal it
ionizes the top:
These Lorentz forces are so intense
that they force the gas to follow a
path that seems completely absurd
in a conventional “passive"
aerodynamics,
We are currently investigating
different control systems of
ionization at the wall.

Here is an system using the HF

And here's what happens when the
field is too intense.

HF arcs appear:
 Following, another system using
two coaxial channels, bringing the
microwaves. These are reflected
using mirrors and create an
ionization immediately near the
walls.
So we have a well-defined research
program. Dealing with a gas
control, sufficient intensity
calculations show that these
devices could be able to move a
craft at supersonic velocity, or even
hypersonic, along its axes
without creating shock waves
neither turbulence
So silently
 It has been shown experimentally
that turbulence could be cancelled
using a Lorentz force field
Here our research program
To be continued on the next MHD
meeting