Active and Reactive Power Control for Transmission Systems with Voltage Source Converters Ying Jiang TRITA - EHE - 9712 ISSN - 1100 - 1631 Royal Institute of Technology Department of Electric Power Engineering Division of High Power Electronics Stockholm 1997 Submitted to the Schoo! of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, KTH, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Technology.Abstract In this thesis, two-level forced-commutated voltage source converters (VSCs) for power system applications are studied by examining the Advanced Static Var Compensator (ASVC) and the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). The basic functions and features of the ASVC and UPFC are described through comparing with the other power electronics based FACTS controllers. In particular, the cost effectiveness of the UPFC as a power flow controller is evaluated and compared with that of the back-to-back stations built up of VSCs. The ac/dc interaction resonance associated with VSCs is investigated. The nature of harmonies transferred by converters is analysed. A frequency domain analytical method for studying interaction resonance between ac and de sides of VSCs is developed. Focusing on low frequency harmonics, the ac/dc harmonic interactions under resonance conditions are investigated. The control of the VSC in high power applications, with the objective of obtaining independent active and reactive power control, features multi-variables with deep loop coupling and system parameter uncertainty as well as low inherent damping. In order to solve this control problem, two types of multivariable robust control techniques, i-., the He. control and Internal Model Control (IMC), are investigated. The bebaviour of VSCs under unbalanced three-phase system conditions is examined, A control strategy, which makes it possible to control the overcurrent of the shunt converter due to single-phase faults, is proposed and evaluated by the time domain simulation in EMTP. The possible overcurrent protection strategies for the series converter are investigated. In the study of small unbalanced disturbances, it will be shown that the UPFC can be used to isolate the asymmetry to one side of the UPFC by injecting a series negative sequence voltage, ‘A general discussion about the selection of the de side components for the ASVC and the UPFC is presented with the emphasis placed on different technical limitations.Acknowledgements This report constitutes my doctor thesis which I have been working on at the Division of High Power Electronics, Department of Electric Power Engineering, KTH. It contains the resulis from projects "Evaluation of Performance of a Static Condenser” (first project) and "Evaluation of Performance of a Unified Power Flow Controller” (second project). First of all, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Ake Ekstrém, the head of the Division of High Power Electronics, for his constant encouragement and support. Through discussions, he forced me into greater clarification of my thoughts and helped me search the improved solutions. This, together with his good personality and inspiring working style, makes it possible for me to accomplish the projects as well as this thesis in time, ‘The financial supports from EPRI, USA and Elforsk, Sweden for the first project and from Vattenfall, Svenska Krafinat, ABB Power System and Elforsk for the second project are gratefully acknowledged. I would like to express my thanks to Mr. Urban ‘Axelsson, Mr. Per Halvarsson, Mr. Bengt Inmegars, Mr. Kjell Oberger, Mr. Sten Bergman and Dr. Aty Edris for interesting discussions and variable suggestions during the steering meetings. Lalso wish to thank Prof. W. F. Long, University of Wisconsion-Madison, USA, for his encouragement and helpful suggestions during the first project. 1am indebted to Mr. Lars Lindberg for his help and invaluable suggestions at the initial stage of my study, to Mr. Marcio M. de Oliveria and Mr. Anders Lindberg for interesting and inspiring discussions during the projects. Many thanks to all the colleagues in the EKC for friendship and help. I am especially thankful to Mr. Anders Bjéklund for bis help in fixing many problems in the aspect of computer systems, to Mrs Margaretha Surjadi for her continuous enthusiasm and assistance. To my mother and brothers, I am thankful for their love and support over the years. To Jurgen Hafner, my hushand, I owe special gratitude for carefully reviewing the manuscript of this thesis. With their love and support, my husband and my son, Wu Jiang, have brought a wonderful sunshine into my life, for which I can never thank them sufficiently. Ying Jiang, Stockholm