F BF

Compiled by:

Name : Fadhil Dzulfikar

Number : 09
Class : X.6

STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 KEBUMEN

ACADEMIC YEAR 2009 / 2010
 CHEMICAL BONDING

They are 3 kind of chemical bonding :

1. Ionic / electrovalent / heteropolar bonding
2. Covalent / homopolar bonding, consists of :
 Single covalent bonding
 Double covalent bonding
 Triple covalent bonding
 Coordinate covalent bonding
 Polar covalent bonding
 Nonpolar covalent bonding
3. Metallic bonding

All of elements want to have electron configuration like as noble gasses (gas mulia)
because noble gasses have stable Electron Configuration (E.C).
1. Why all of elements want to have Electron Configuration like as noble gasses?
 Because noble gasses have stable Electron Configuration.
2. What is the meaning of stable Electron Configuration?

2He =2 Stable Electron Configuration if the
10Ne =2 8 number of valence electron(s):
18Ar =2 8 8
36Kr = 2 8 18 8 2 or 8
54Xe = 2 8 18 18 8 Duplet Octet
86Rn = 2 8 18 32 18 8

3. How to form stable Electron Configuration?


IA =
3 Li = 2 1 Duplet : Li Li+ + e
Release e
+1
11 Na = 2 8 1 Octet : Na Na+ + e

Exception :

1. II A =
4 Be = 2 2 Duplet : Be Be2+ + 2e
Release e
+2
12 Mg = 2 8 2 Octet : Mg Mg2+ + 2e

2. III A =
5 B =2 3 Duplet : B B3+ + 3e
Release e
+3
13 Al = 2 8 3 Octet : Al Al3+ + 3e

In chemical bond Boron (B) is non metal.

3. IV A =
6 C =2 4 Duplet : C C4+ + 4e Release e
+4
14 Si = 2 8 4 Octet : Si Si4+ + 4e
In chemical bond Carbon (C) is non metal.
 VA =
7N =2 5 Octet : N + 3e N3- Gains e
-3
15 P = 2 8 5 Octet : P + 3e P3-

VI A =
8O = 2 6 Octet : O + 2e O2- Gains e
16S = 2 8 6 Octet : S + 2e S2- -2
VII A =
9F =2 7 Octet : F + e F-
Gains e
-1
17 Cl = 2 8 7 Octet : Cl + e Cl-

LEWIS STRUCTURE / DOT – SYMBOL

Lewis structure is the symbol of atom with valence electron.

Lewis structure for elements period 2 and 3.

IA II A III A VA VI A VII A VII A VIII A

Period 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne

Period 3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

1. IONIC BONDING / ELECTROVALENT

Ionic Bonding / Electrovalent

 Metal + Nonmetal
 Ionic bonds is stay because there is electrostatics force inside the ionic
compounds
 There is giving and receiving of electron between cation and anion
(Σ of electron that released = Σ of electron that gained)
 Ionic bonding is strong
 How to write the ionic compound?

NaCl Na and Cl
Cation Anion
M NM

 
Na x + Cl Na+  +

x Cl
 -
NaCl

Example :

 Li and Cl

Li Li+ + e
Cl + e Cl-
+
Li + Cl Li+ + Cl-
LiCl (Lithium Chloride)

 Mg and Br

Mg Mg2+ + 2e x 1 Mg Mg2+ + 2e
Br + e Br- x 2 2Br + 2e 2Br-
+
Mg + 2Br Mg2+ + 2Br-
 MgBr2 (Magnesium Bromide)

 Ca and Cl

Ca Ca2+ + 2e x 1 Ca Ca2+ + 2e
Cl + e Cl- x 2 2Cl + 2e 2Cl-
+
Ca + 2Cl Ca2+ + 2Cl-
CaCl2 (Calcium Chloride)
 Al and O
Al Al3+ + 3e x 2 2Al 2Al3+ + 6e
O + 2e O2- x 3 3O + 6e 3O2-
+
3+ 2-
2Al + 3O 2Al + 3O
Al2O3 (Aluminum Oxide)

2.