Zayco, Carlo Luigi P.

EAC -
Cavite
BSN 4 -2 Group 4
 Osteoarthritis
• Also known as "Osteoarthrosis" or "Degenerative
Joint Disease"
• Most common joint disorder, only affects the joint
function.
• It is characterized by a progressive loss of
joint cartilage.
• Frequent trauma on the weight bearing joint is the
most common cause.
• Leading cause of pain and disability in older adults.
• Risk factors includes: Age, female gender,
genetic predisposition, obesity, mechanical joint stress,
joint trauma, congenital and developmental disorders of
the hip, previous bone and joint disorders, inflammatory
joint diseases, and endocrine and metabolic diseases.
• Begins in the third decade of life and peaks between
fifth and sixth decades of life.
• Feels better with exercise, pain usually is
experienced after exercise/activity.
• Clinical manifestations:
- Pain, stiffness (most common in the morning
after awakening), and functional impairment are
primary clinical manifestations.
- Crepitus when joint is moved
- Flexion, joint contractures
- Cold intolerance
- Decrease ROM
- Bony nodes may be present.
- Occurs in hips, knees, cervical, and lumbar
spine joint.
• Anatomy and Physiology:
- A joint is the point where two or more bones
are connected.
- Joints are designed to allow movement
between the bones and to absorb shock from
movements like walking or repetitive motions.
These movable joints are made up of the following
parts:
1. Cartilage. A hard but slippery coating on
the end of each bone. Cartilage, which
breaks down and wears away in
osteoarthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis
•Is a systemic inflammatory disorder that
primarily involves the destruction of connective
tissue and synovial membrane of the joints.
•It usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 50
years, with peak incidence between 40 and 60 years
of age.
•Women are affected two to three times more
frequently than male.
•Believed to be an autoimmune response to unknown
antigens. The stimulus may be viral or bacterial. There
may be a predisposition to the disease.
•Second most common form of arthritis. Affects both
local and system.
•Risk factors includes: although the cause is still
unknown, research over the last few years has begun
to piece together the factors involved. This includes
Genetics, environmental factors, and other factors
which includes hormones.
•Pain exacerbates with activity/exercise.
•Clinical manifestations:
- Joint pain, swelling, warmth, erythema, and
lack of function are classic clinical features.
- Palpation of joints reveals spongy or boggy
tissue.
- Fluid can usually be aspirated from the
inflamed joint.
- Joint involvement begins with small joints in
hands, wrists, and feet.
- Progressively involves knees, shoulders, hips,
elbows, ankles, cervical spine, and
temporomandibular joints.
- Symptoms are usually acute in onset, bilateral,
and symmetric.
- Joints may be hot, swollen, and painful;
morning stiffness lasts for more than 30 minutes.
- Deformities of the hands and feet can result
from misalignment and immobilization.
• Anatomy and Physiology: (Same with
Osteoarthritis)
• Pathophysiology:
Genetics, Environmental factors, Other factors