Table 2.

Knowledge of facts about HIV/AIDS among secondary school teachers in

Ogun State (N = 514).

Facts Correct answer Frequency of correct answers Percentage

HIV/AIDS is a virus infection Yes 428 83.3

HIV/AIDS is caused by witchcraft/sorcery No 483 94.0

HIV/AIDS is a punishment from God No 452 87.9

HIV positive individuals usually look healthy Yes 441 85.8

Infection with other sexually transmitted

infections increases the chances of HIV

transmission

Yes 326 63.4

HIV/AIDS can be cured No 398 77.4

There is a vaccine for HIV/AIDS No 419 81.5

Table 3. Knowledge of methods of transmission of HIV/AIDS among secondary

school teachers in Ogun State (N = 514).

Which of the Following modes can transmit

HIV?

Correct Answer Frequency of correct

answers

Percentage

Sexual relationship between male and female Yes 514 100

Sexual relationship between men Yes 432 84.0

Sharing food utensils/food No 431 83.8

Multiple sexual partners Yes 469 91.2

Mosquito/insect bites No 428 83.3

Swimming pools No 446 86.8

Toilets No 459 89.3

Sneeze, coughs or spits No 432 84.0

Unsterilized needles Yes 397 77.2

Tribal marks/tattooing/skin piecing Yes 368 71.6

Oral sex is highly likely to transit HIV No 297 57.8

Sharing cloth No 441 85.8

Blood donation No 346 67.3

Receiving blood Yes 416 80.9

Unsterilized needles Yes 463 90.1

Mother to child during birth Yes 413 80.4

Breast-feeding Yes 388 75.5

Table 4. Attitudes related to persons with HIV/AIDS among secondary school

teachers in Ogun State.

Statement Positive Frequency of respondents

attitude

Agree (%) Disagree (%) Undecided (%)

HIV +ve peoples’ name should be disclosed publicly Disagree 31(6.0) 464(90.3)
19(3.7)

HIV +ve people should have the right to study or work Agree 489(95.1) 18(3.5)
07(1.4)

HIV +ve people should be quarantined Disagree 20(3.9) 483(94.0) 11(2.1)

People living with HIV/AIDS needs to be supported Agree 490(95.3) 14(2.7) 10(1.9)

I’ll discontinue friendship with an HIV+ve friend Disagree 24(4.7) 473(92.0) 17(3.3)

I could share meal/ drink with HIV +ve person Agree 415(80.7) 46(8.9) 53(10.3)

I could share cloth/sweater with an HIV +ve person Agree 473(92.0) 25(4.9) 16(3.1)

Table 5. Sources of information on HIV/AIDS among secondary

school teachers in Ogun state, Nigeria.

Source Frequency Percentage

Radio 371 72.2

Posters/pamphlets 275 53.5

Television 418 81.3

Newspapers 329 64.0

Friends 291 56.6

Health workers 265 51.6

Hospitals/Health centres 231 44.9

Family members 220 42.8

Tertiary institution

education

123 23.9

Workshops/Lectures 139 27.0

Telephone hotlines 50 9.7

Churches/Mosques 128 24.9

Libraries/librarians 58 11.3

Internet 42 8.2

Table 6. Respondents’ opinion as to the appropriateness of different channels

for delivering HIV messages to school going children.

Sources Mean (S.D) Percentage agreed Rank

Radio 3.2 (1.35) 55 7

Posters/pamphlets 2.4 (0.86) 46 9

Television 3.4 (1.18) 52 6

Friends/Peers 3.7 (1.32) 63 4

Health workers 4.2 (0.64) 86 2

Family members 3.8 (1.06) 74 3

Teachers 4.3 (0.45) 92 1

Telephone hotlines 2.3 (1.33) 38 10

Health/AIDS Clubs 2.9 (1.26) 45 8

Churches/Mosques 2.1 (1.08) 36 11

Libraries/librarians 3.5 (1.25) 38 5

Internet 2.1 (1.21) 34 12

Items were scored on a likert scale 1 = much inappropriate, 2 = inappropriate, 3 =

undecided, 4 = appropriate, to 5 = much appropriate.

The higher the mean value, the more appropriate the channel was rated.

Percentage agreed was calculated as the proportion of those that choose points 4

and 5 on the likert scale.

Table 7. Barriers to the teaching of HIV/AIDS in secondary schools identified by

respondents.

Statement Frequency of respondents Percentage

It will promote sexual activity 184 35.8

Teachers inadequate knowledge 145 28.2

No formal training received 128 24.9

Cultural/Societal inhibitions 106 20.6

Parents opposition 96 18.7

Not in curricula of their subjects 95 18.5

Lack of teaching aids 92 17.9

Poor motivation 84 16.3

Religious constraints 65 12.6

Information is vital to enable people have accurate understanding of the modes of

transmission and

prevention strategies of HIV/AIDS, and in this regard, teachers are expected to play
a major role in the
provision of information to promote awareness leading to behavioral change among
students. The

teachers’ knowledge and perception about the disease will influence how they are
able to perform this

role. It is against this background that we sought to assess the knowledge and
opinions of 514 secondary school teachers in Ogun State, Nigeria about HIV/AIDS
using the survey questionnaire method.

The overall mean knowledge scores on facts and modes of transmissions of

HIV/AIDS for all the

respondents were 5.7 out of 7 and 13.9 out of 17, respectively. Misunderstandings
particularly on the

likelihood of HIV transmission during oral sex, from donated blood, from mother to
child during

pregnancy and during breast-feeding were frequent among the teachers. The
respondents who

expressed favourable attitudes ranged from 22.2 to 50.8% for the various
expressions which expressed

positive and negative perception about people living with HIV/AIDS. Television
(81.3%), radio ((72.2%),

newspapers (64.0%) and friends (56.6%) were the major sources of information on
HIV/AIDS, while least

utilized sources were the library (11.3%), telephone hotlines (9.7%) and internet
(8.2%). Only 16.5% of

the teachers mentioned ever discussing HIV issues with students. The problems
identified as obstacles

to teaching of HIV/AIDS to students included lack of adequate knowledge, the fear

that it might promote

promiscuity among students and lack of special training on the subject. We

recommend regular training

workshops for the teachers to increase and update their knowledge of HIV/AIDS so
that they could have

the confidence of passing HIV/AIDS knowledge to students. The paper also

recommends the
involvement of libraries in activities that will promote easy access and retrieval of
HIV/AIDS information

materials.

Key words: HIV/AIDS; Knowledge, attitudes; information sources, secondary school

teachers

Why is AIDS education for young people important?

AIDS education for young people plays a vital role in global efforts to end the AIDS epidemic. Despite the fact
that HIVtransmission can be prevented, each year hundreds of thousands of young people infected with the virus; in
2009 alone, there were 890,000 new HIV infections amongst young people aged 15-24.1
“In 2009 alone, there were 890,000 new HIV infections amongst young
people aged 15-24.”
Providing young people with basic AIDS education enables them to protect themselves from becoming infected.
Young people are often particularly vulnerable to sexually transmitted HIV, and to HIV infection as a result of drug-
use. Acquiring knowledge and skills encourages young people to avoid or reduce behaviours that carry a risk of HIV
infection.2 3 4 Even for young people who are not yet engaging in risky behaviours, AIDS education is important for
ensuring that they are prepared for situations that will put them at risk as they grow older.5
AIDS education also helps to reduce stigma and discrimination, by dispelling false information that can lead to fear
and blame. This is crucial for prevention, as stigma often makes people reluctant to be tested for HIV. Somebody
who is not aware of their HIV infection is more likely to pass the virus on to others. AIDS education can help to
prevent this, halting stigma and discrimination before they have an opportunity to grow.6

Why is AIDS education for young people an issue?

Educating young people about HIV and AIDS necessitates discussions about sensitive subjects such as sex and drug
use. Many people believe that it is inappropriate to talk to young people about these subjects and fear that doing so
will encourage young people to indulge in risky behaviours. Such attitudes are often based on moral or religious
views rather than evidence, and severely limit AIDS education around the world. Substantial evidence shows that
educating young people about safer sex and the importance of using condoms does not lead to increases in sexual
activity.7
“I did not go to school and learn about the civil war and decide to start a civil war, nor would I have had sex because
of a class in school.” Mark

The belief that young people should only be taught about sex and drugs in terms of them being ‘wrong’ also
perpetuates stigmatisation of people who are living with HIV. By teaching young people that indulging in ‘immoral’ sex
and drugs will lead to HIV infection, educators imply that anyone who has HIV is therefore involved in these ‘immoral’
activities.

In order to prevent becoming infected with HIV, young people need comprehensive information about how HIV is
transmitted and what they can do to stop themselves from becoming infected. This information should be delivered
without moral judgement.
 AIDS education at school

Sex education in a school in India

Schools play a pivotal role in providing AIDS education for young people. Not only do schools have the capacity to
reach a large number of young people, but school students are particularly receptive to learning new information.
Therefore schools are a well-established point of contact through which young people can receive AIDS education.

At the same time, in many countries HIV and AIDS are significantly weakening the capacity of the education sector,
and greater investment in education is vital for the provision of effective HIV prevention for young people.8 9 10 A
UNESCO study in 2009 found that in Eastern and Southern Africa, children had 'low levels of knowledge' regarding
HIV/AIDS which was attributed to, among other factors, lack of teacher training, lack of examination for students on
the topic (and therefore little incentive to teach it) and unease teaching the subject resulting from embarrassment.11

Different approaches to AIDS education at school

Opinion is divided between education providers who take an abstinence-only approach to sex education and those
who advocate a more comprehensive approach. Which approach is favoured significantly affects how young people
are educated about HIV and AIDS.

Sex education that focuses on abstinence is based on the belief that encouraging young people not to have sex until
marriage is the best way to protect against HIV infection. This approach limits AIDS education by not providing
information about how young people can protect themselves from HIV infection if and when they do chose to have
sex. It is vital for HIV prevention that schools provide comprehensive sex education, which educates about the
importance of condom use as well as promoting delayed initiation of sex.12

Teacher training
AIDS education requires detailed discussions of subjects such as sex, death, illness and drug use. Teachers are not
likely to have experience dealing with these issues in class, and require specialised training so they are comfortable
discussing them without letting personal values conflict with the health needs of the students.13
Teacher training is fundamental to the successful delivery of AIDS education in schools, and yet efforts to train
teachers are often inadequate, if in place at all. For example, teachers in Malawi report not receiving any training on
HIV and AIDS, and in Kenya many teachers have opted out of teaching about HIV and AIDS as a result of
inadequate training.14
 AIDS education outside of school

Although offering AIDS education at school is a principal method of reaching large numbers of young people, there
are 75 million children around the world who are either unable to go to school or choose not to.15 In order to ensure
that all young people are reached with basic AIDS education, programmes that target young people outside of school
are essential. Young people who are in school also benefit from receiving further information about HIV and AIDS
from other sources, adding to and reinforcing what they learn in school.

Families, friends, the wider community, mass media and popular culture all influence young people, and it is
important that they convey accurate educational information about HIV and AIDS.

The media

LoveLife campaign billboard in South Africa

Using the media is a powerful way of reaching large numbers of young people with HIV and AIDS information and
prevention messages.

Many countries have tried some form of AIDS education advertisements, films, or announcements. LoveLife is a
prominent campaign in South Africa, which uses a variety of media to educate young people about HIV and AIDS.
The loveLife campaign has produced eye-catching posters and billboards and used TV soap operas and rap and
kwaito music that are popular with young people as an educational platform.16 One particularly popular drama aimed
at educating youth was the three part TV drama 'Shuga', first broadcast in Kenya and Zambia in November 2009. The
soap opera followed the lives of a group of young friends and was accompanied by radio and internet campaigns as
well as a drive to increase testing and counselling services. As it discussed topics like multiple sexual partnerships
and unprotected sex as part of an engaging storyline the show was not only hugely popular (60 percent of all young
people surveyed in the Kenyan capital city Nairobi said they had seen it), but initial surveys also showed that it may
have had an impact on those who watched it (90 percent said it had informed them on issues of stigma, HIV testing
and relationships).17
However, measuring the extent to which media-based AIDS education reaches young people, and the effect that it
has is often difficult. In 2005, The Global Fund withdrew its funding of LoveLife on the basis that the campaign was
not reaching the majority of young South Africans, and that its contribution to HIV and AIDS prevention was
unclear.18 19

Peer education
 Young people learning about HIV and AIDS at a youth centre in Angola

Peer education is the process by which a group is given information by someone who is a member of the same group
or community, and who has already been trained in the subject. Peer education programmes are important for HIV
prevention, as they are a cost-effective means of influencing the knowledge and attitudes of young people.20 21

Young people are strongly influenced by the attitudes and actions of others their age, and for many young people
much of their existing knowledge of sex and HIV is based on information they have received from friends. This
information can often be distorted. Peer education harnesses this method of sharing knowledge to convey accurate
information about HIV and AIDS to young people.

Peer education is a particularly effective way of targeting difficult to reach groups, such as young people who do not
attend school, with vital AIDS education. These young people may be difficult to reach because the activities they
engage in could be criminalised or considered socially improper. However, this marginalisation increases the risk that
young sex workers, injecting drug users (IDUs), or men who have sex with men (MSM) may become infected with or
transmit HIV.22 These young people may distrust or not take in information given to them by an authority figure. The
same information is more likely to be effective if it is provided by someone that young people identify with and see as
credible.23 24
“Peer education works very well for students and young people. Sharing a conversation with people of the same age
or social group you can be more relaxed, and, for example, you can ask questions that would be difficult to ask to an
adult.”Selma, HIV and AIDS peer educator25
In Asia, where the HIV epidemic is concentrated among high risk groups including sex workers, IDUs and MSM, more
than nine out of ten young people infected with HIV are part of at least one of these groups. Yet, resources for HIV
prevention amongst young people in this region have not been found to be targeted towards young people within high
risk groups.26

Making AIDS education effective

When should young people start to be taught about AIDS?

There is no set age at which AIDS education should start, and different countries have different regulations and
recommendations. Often young people are denied life-saving AIDS education because adults consider the
information to be too ‘adult’ for young people. These attitudes hinder HIV prevention, as it is crucial that young people
know about HIV and how it is transmitted before they are exposed to situations that carry a risk of HIV infection.
AIDS education should begin as early as possible. Information can be adapted so that awareness of AIDS can begin
from an early age whilst still ensuring that topics are age-appropriate. For example, UNESCO guidelines advise that
basic education on human reproduction should begin as early as age five. This information provides the foundation
on which children can build AIDS specific knowledge and skills as they develop; education about condoms and how
they can protect from HIV infection can be introduced from around age nine.27

Active learning

Young people doing group work as part of an AIDS education

programme in Thailand

Simply providing young people with information about HIV and AIDS is not enough to ensure that they will absorb and
retain that information. Effective AIDS education encourages young people to participate and engage with the
information that is being presented to them by offering them the opportunity to apply it.28 Group-work and role-play
are particularly important methods in which students might discover the practical aspects of the information they are
given. These methods also allow pupils an opportunity to practise and build skills – saying “No” to sex, for example.
Active learning approaches are widely considered to be the most effective way for young people to learn health-
related and social-skills.29 Furthermore, active learning offers an opportunity to make AIDS education lessons fun.
AIDS education classes can be constructed to involve quizzes, games, or drama, for example – and can still be very
effective learning sessions.
Avert.org has a selection of educational quizzes and an AIDS game to test young people's knowledge in a fun and
interactive way.

Making it cross-curricular
Effective AIDS education encompasses both scientific and social aspects of HIV and AIDS. Knowledge of the basic
science of HIV and AIDS is important for understanding how the virus is passed on and how it affects the body, for
example. But AIDS education that deals only with medical and biological facts, and not with the real-life situations that
young people find themselves in, does not provide young people with adequate AIDS awareness.30 Developing life
skills and discussing matters such as relationships, sexuality and drug use, are fundamental to AIDS education.
Knowing how HIV reproduces won’t help a young person to negotiate using a condom, for example.

What needs to be considered?

When planning an AIDS education lesson or curriculum, it is important to be aware of local guidelines, as many
places have legislation that dictates what sex or AIDS education can or should be given. Local cultures also need to
be taken into consideration, as views between cultures differ on issues that are a necessary part of AIDS education,
for example human sexuality. Awareness of cultural and religious beliefs enables AIDS education to sensitively, yet
effectively, deal with issues in a way that does not conflict with the values of young learners.
 When educating a group of young people, the personal circumstances of students need to be taken into account.
Some of the students may have been personally affected by HIV or, particularly in high prevalence areas, may
themselves be infected with HIV.31 32 The sexuality of students and their families is something else that needs to be
considered. AIDS education needs to include information about and for people of all sexualities.

The best place to start when planning AIDS education for young people is to talk to the young people themselves.
Allowing learners to ask questions and encouraging their input will enable young people to express what they want
from their AIDS education. Speaking to the class also ensures that educators are aware of the current knowledge of
the students, so that AIDS education can be more effectively targeted towards areas of informational need.

India
In India, where young people represent a large proportion of the country’s population, an estimated 2.27 million
people are living with HIV.42 In phase II of the country's National AIDS Control Programme, the Adolescent Education
Programme (AEP) was launched. The programme aimed to train teachers and peer educators to educate the student
community both in and out of school about life skills, HIV prevention and HIV related stigma and discrimination.
Under the initiative 112,000 schools were covered and 288,000 teachers were trained.43
However, there is a discrepancy between the large amount of effort invested in HIV/AIDS curricula and training
packages on a national level, and the lack of actual education being carried out in many schools. In the states of the
country where there is a relatively low HIV prevalence, officials have been reluctant to encourage AIDS education,
claiming that the problem is not significant enough in these areas to warrant a widespread educational response.44In
reality, it is crucial that young people learn about AIDS in areas with a low prevalence so that the prevalence stays
low.
In 2007 it was reported that a number of states had decided not to implement the Adolescence Education Programme
in its present form, rejecting the material that had been supplied.45 Many young people across India are still not
receiving information about HIV/AIDS.
“We had a session on AIDS in school once, but it was sketchy. I still do not know the difference between HIV and
AIDS. We could not ask any questions, because the boys in our class would tease us later... At home, my mother
knows even less, and my father would not allow such a conversation”. Chaudhury, an arts undergraduate in Alwar,
India46

Which normally rare cancer is often associated

with AIDS?

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• Mesothelioma

• Kaposi's Sarcoma
After taking a rapid HIV antibody test, how long
must the patient wait for a result?

• 1 minute

• 30 minutes
• 24 hours
In 2009, what percentage of people needing HIV
treatment in lower- and middle-income countries
were receiving it?

• 36%

• 64%

• 92%
What does PEP stand for in the context of HIV
prevention?

• Prevention of Excessive Production

• Prohibitively Exorbitant PrescriptionWrong

• Post Exposure ProphylaxisRight

Post Exposure Prophylaxis involves taking antiretroviral drugs after HIV exposure in
order to

What does the standard HIV test identify?

• RNA strands

• T-cell count

• Antibodies
n what year was the first World AIDS Day?

• 1984

• 1988
• 1992
Which is the most common STD transmitted
through oral sex?

• Hepatitis C

• HIV

• Chlamydia

• Herpes
Sexual transmission of HIV (male-to-male and
heterosexual) accounts for roughly what proportion
of all AIDS diagnoses in the United States?

• One-third

• Half

• Two-thirds
What is the average global age for having sex for
the first time?

• 16

• 19

• 25
The 'withdrawal method', or withdrawing the boy's
penis before he 'comes' during sex, is…

• A good way to prevent pregnancy

• A good way to prevent STD infection

• Not a good way to prevent pregnancy or STDs
What are the chances of becoming pregnant from
a single act of sex?

• 100%

• It varies from person to person

• 1 in 10 chance
The morning after pill is most effective for
preventing a pregnancy if it is taken…

• Exactly seven days later

• Up to 72 hours after sex

• Before having sex

When is the right time for a woman to carry out a
pregnancy test?

• The first day of her missed period

• Ten days after having unprotected sex

• Ten days before her period is due

What percentage of pregnancy or childbirth-related
deaths among women occur in developing
countries?

• 49%

• 74%

• 99%
 The area of medicine concerning the health of
pregnant women is called…

• Oncology

• Opthalmology

• Obstetrics
What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

• HIV is a virus and AIDS is a bacterial disease

• There is no difference between HIV and AIDS

• HIV is the virus that causes AIDS

Is there a cure for AIDS?

• Yes

• No

• Only available on prescription

Approximately how many people are living with HIV
worldwide?

• 33 Million

• 23 Million

• 13 Million
Can you get AIDS from sharing the cup of
someone with HIV?

• Yes
• No

• Only if you don't wash the cup

Can insects transmit HIV?

• Yes

• No

• Only mosquitoes
HIV can make a person ill because…

• It makes a person lose weight very suddenly

• It reduces the body's core temperature

• It attacks the immune system

Does HIV only affect gay people?

• Yes

• No

• Only gay men

• Only gay women

HIV is believed to have evolved from a similar
virus found in which animal?

• Baboon

• Chimpanzee

• Elephant

• Guinea pig
 If someone with HIV has a CD4 count of 350 or
less, what does this mean?

• Their immune system is very healthy

• They no longer have HIV

• They should probably start antiretroviral treatment

• They will die within a week

What is the risk of transmitting HIV during oral
sex?

• Just the same as anal or vaginal sex

• There is a 50% chance that HIV will be transmitted if one person is HIV
positive

• The risk is very low, but increased if either person has cuts or sores on their
mouth or genitals
Which of these drugs is most commonly used on
its own to reduce mother-to-child HIV
transmission?

• Aspirin

• Tenofovir

• Paracetamol

• Nevirapine
Which country has the highest number of people
living with HIV?

• South Africa
• Nigeria

• India
When having sex, the best way to avoid an STD is
to…

• Use a condom

• Have sex standing up

• Only have anal sex

Bisexual people…

• Can be attracted to women or menRight

• Are not attracted to either women or men

• Have had a sex change

You "lose your virginity" when…

• You sleep in the same bed as another person

• You have sexual intercourse for the first time

• You get married

How often is an egg usually released from a
woman’s ovaries?

• Every day

• Every week

• Every month
What is fertilisation?
• When the egg and sperm join inside the fallopian tubes

• When a woman starts her period and becomes fertile

• When sperm cells leave the penis and enter the woman's body
Without treatment, how many babies born to
mothers with HIV will become infected through
pregnancy and delivery?

• None

• 15-30%

• 50-70%
Can a woman have a baby if she is HIV-positive?

• Yes

• No

• Only in developed countries

What is illegal in many countries?

• Selling Condoms

• Abortion

• Having Sex
Is there a cure for AIDS?

• Yes

• No

• Only available on prescription

1. What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?
a. HIV is a virus and AIDS is a bacterial disease

b. There is no difference between HIV and AIDS

c. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS

Answer: c. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. A person can live a

relatively normal life for many years if they are diagnosed with HIV, but

they are said to have AIDS when they develop an HIV related illness.

2. Is there a cure for AIDS?

a. Yes

b. No

c. Only available on prescription

Answer: b. There is no cure for AIDS. This means it is important to be

aware of prevention methods such as safe sex to protect yourself.

3. Approximately how many people are l iving with HIV

worldwide?

a. 33 million

b. 23 million

c. 13 million

Answer: a. 33 million people were living with HIV at the end of 2007, and

the vast majority of these people were in sub-Saharan Africa.

4. Can you get AIDS from sharing the cup of someone with

HIV?

a. Yes

b. No

c. Only if you don’t wash the cup

Answer: b. It is not possible to become infected with HIV from everyday

casual contact such as sharing food, shaking hands or touching the same

objects. You are only at risk from HIV if you are exposed to infected

blood or bodily fluids.

5. Can insects transmit HIV?

a. Yes

b. No

c. Only mosquitoes

Answer: b. Insects cannot transmit HIV. When taking blood from someone

mosquitoes do not inject blood from any previous person. The only thing

that a mosquito injects is saliva, which acts as a lubricant and enables it

to feed more efficiently.

6. HIV can make a person i l l because…

a. It makes a person lose weight very suddenly

b. It reduces the body’s core temperature

c. It attacks the immune system

Answer: c. HIV affects a person's immune system, which makes them more

vulnerable to infections, and can make them very ill.

7. Does HIV only affect gay people?

a. Yes

b. Noc. Only gay men

d. Only gay women

Answer: b. HIV can affect anyone from any part of the world, no matter

whether they are gay, straight, old or young.

Medium questions

1. AIDS was first reported in the U.S. in…

a. 1975

b. 1981

c. 1986

Answer: b. AIDS was first identified in the U.S. in 1981 after several gay

males became ill with a rare form of cancer. The term “AIDS” was first

used the following year.

2. HIV is bel ieved to have evolved from a simi lar virus found in

which animal?

a. Baboon

b. Chimpanzee

c. Elephant

d. Guinea pig

Answer: b. The SIV virus found in chimpanzees is very close to HIV. It is

believed that the virus crossed species to humans.

3. If someone with HIV has a CD4 count of 200 or less, what

does this mean?

a. Their immune system is very healthy b. They no longer have HIV

c. They should probably start antiretroviral treatment

d. They will die within a week

Answer: c. The more CD4 cells there are in a person's blood, the stronger

the immune system. A CD4 cell count below 200 indicates that the person

has a very weak immune system and requires antiretroviral therapy.

4. What is the risk of transmitting HIV during oral sex?

a. Just the same as anal or vaginal sex

b. There is a 50% chance that HIV will be transmitted if one person is

HIV positive

c. The risk is very low, but increased if either person has cuts or sores on

their mouth or genitals

Answer: c. The risk of HIV transmission through oral sex is much smaller

than that through anal or vaginal sex. If the HIV positive person has

bleeding wounds or gums there is a greater chance of HIV transmission.

5. Which of these famous sports stars died of AIDS?

a. 3-time tennis Grand Slam champ, Arthur Ashe

b. Manchester United football legend, George Best

c. Olympic sprint champion, Florence Griffith-Joyner, aka ‘Flo-Jo’

Answer: a. Anti-Apartheid activist, AIDS campaigner, and No.1 ranked

tennis player in the world, Arthur Ashe died in 1993.

6. Which of these drugs is most commonly used on its own to

reduce mother-to-chi ld HIV transmission?

a. Aspirin

b. Tenofovirc. Paracetamol

d. Nevirapine

Answer: d. A single does of nevirapine given to the mother at the onset of

labour and to the baby after delivery roughly halves the rate of HIV

transmission.

7. Which country has the highest number of people l iving with

HIV?

a. South Africa

b. Nigeria

c. India

Answer: a. In 2007, there were an estimated 5.7 million people living with

HIV in South Africa, 2.6 million in Nigeria, and 2.3 million in India.

Hard questions

1. Which normal ly rare cancer is often associated with AIDS?

a. Squamous Cell Carcinoma

b. Mesothelioma

c. Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Answer: c. Kaposi's Sarcoma is a rare form of cancer usually found in older

people. A more aggressive form is associated with HIV, and causes dark

lesions on the skin and a variety of locations on the body.

2. After taking a rapid HIV antibody test, how long must the patient

wait for a result?

a. 1 minute

b. 30 minutes

c. 24 hoursAnswer: b. Results from a rapid test are usually available in

approximately 30

minutes. Rapid tests are single-use and do not require laboratory facilities or

highly trained staff. This makes rapid tests very suitable for use in resourcelimited
countries.

3. In 2007, what percentage of people needing HIV treatment

in lower- and middle-income countries received it?

a. 31%

b. 51%

c. 71%

Answer: a. In 2007, antiretroviral therapy coverage in less wealthy areas

of the world was very low. Far greater investment and political will is

needed to achieve universal access.

4. What does PEP stand for in the context of HIV prevention?

a. Prevention of Excessive Production

b. Prohibitively Exorbitant Prescription

c. Post Exposure Prophylaxis

Answer: c. Post Exposure Prophylaxis involves taking antiretroviral drugs

after HIV exposure in order to prevent infection. PEP should be the

prevention method of last resort, be started no later than 72 hours after

exposure, and is not guaranteed to work.

5. What does the standard HIV test identify?

a. RNA strands
b. T-cell count

c. Antibodies

Answer: c. When HIV enters the body, special proteins are produced called

antibodies, which are the body's response to an infection. The standard HIV test
looks for antibodies in a person's blood, as this will mean they

have been infected with HIV.

6. What is the leading cause of HIV infection in Russia?

a. Mother-to-child transmission

b. Sex with an infected person

c. Sharing of drug taking equipment

Answer: c. Of people in Russia who know their infection history, 83% of

infections were caused by the sharing of drug taking equipment.

7. In what year was the first World AIDS Day?

a. 1984

b. 1988

c. 1992

Answer: b. At a global health summit on AIDS in London in 1988, the

World Health Organisation announced that it would promote an

Avert's HIV & AIDS Expert Quiz - Easy Questions

11.. HHIIVV iiss bbeelliieevveedd ttoo hhaavvee eevvoollvveedd ffrroomm aa

ssiimmiillaarr vviirruuss ffoouunndd iinn wwhhiicchh aanniimmaall??

a. Baboon

b. Chimpanzee

c. Elephant
d. Guinea pig

22.. WWhhaatt iiss tthhee ddiiaammeetteerr ooff aann HHIIVV ppaarrttiiccllee??

a. 1/10,000 of a foot

b. 1/10,000 of an inch

c. 1/10,000 of a centimetre

d. 1/10,000 of a milimetre

33.. WWhhiicchh HHIIVV ssuubbttyyppee iiss mmoosstt ccoommmmoonn iinn

tthhee WWeesstteerrnn wwoorrlldd??

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

WWhhiicchh ooff tthheessee ddrruuggss iiss mmoosstt ccoommmmoonnllyy

uusseedd oonn iittss oowwnn ttoo rreedduuccee mmootthheerr

ttoo cchhiilldd HHIIVV ttrraannssmmiissssiioonn??

44..

a. Nevirapine

b. Indinavir

c. Delavirdine

d. Aspirin

55.. WWhhiicchh ffaammoouuss ggaayy 11995500''ss mmoovviiee ssttaarr

ddiieedd ooff AAIIDDSS oonn 33rrdd OOccttoobbeerr,, 11998855??

a. Errol Flyn

b. James Dean

c. Humphrey Bogart

d. Rock Hudson66.. WWhhiicchh ooff tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg iiss NNOOTT aa

ggrroouupp ooff ddrruuggss uusseedd ttoo ttrreeaatt HHIIVV??

a. Protease Inhibitors
b. Viral Delimiters

c. Nucleoside Analogues

77.. WWhhaatt ttyyppee ooff vviirruuss iiss HHIIVV??

a. An Indovirus

b. A Retrovirus

c. An Apexvirus

d. An Embo-protein Virus

88.. WWhhiicchh nnoorrmmaallllyy rraarree ccaanncceerr iiss oofftteenn

aassssoocciiaatteedd wwiitthh AAIIDDSS??

a. Squamous Cell Carcinoma

b. Mesothelioma

c. Kaposi's Sarcoma

99.. IInn wwhhaatt yyeeaarr wwaass tthhee fifirrsstt WWoorrlldd AAIIDDSS

DDaayy??

a. 1986

b. 1988

c. 1990

1100.. IInn wwhhaatt yyeeaarr ddiidd ZZaammbbiiaa llaauunncchh iittss

nnaattiioonnaall AAIIDDSS pprrooggrraammmmee??

a. 1986

b. 1988

c. 1990Avert's HIV & AIDS Expert Quiz - Medium Questions

11.. WWhhaatt ddooeess tthhee ssttaannddaarrdd HHIIVV tteesstt

iiddeennttiiffyy??

a. RNA strands

b. T-cell count

c. Antibodies

22.. WWhhaatt ddooeess PPEEPPFFAARR ssttaanndd ffoorr??

a. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

b. President's Emergency Program to Fund AIDS Resistance

c. Private Economic Program to Finance AIDS Resources

IIff aann HHIIVV ppoossiittiivvee ppeerrssoonn hhaass aa CCDD44 ccoouunntt

ooff 220000 oorr lleessss,, wwhhaatt ddooeess tthhiiss

mmeeaann??

33..

a. Their immune system is very healthy

b. They no longer have HIV

c. They should probably start antiretroviral treatment

d. They will die within a week

IInn tthhee UUSSAA,, wwhhaatt ppeerrcceennttaaggee ooff nneeww

iinnffeeccttiioonnss ooccccuurr iinn ppeeooppllee oovveerr tthhee

aaggee ooff 5500??

44..

a. 2.5 percent

b. 15 percent

c. 50 percent

55.. AAIIDDSS wwaass fifirrsstt rreeppoorrtteedd iinn EEuurrooppee iinn

wwhhiicchh yyeeaarr??

a. 1975

b. 1982

c. 1993Avert's HIV & AIDS Expert Quiz - Hard Questions

WWhheenn ddooiinngg aa rraappiidd HHIIVV aannttiibbooddyy tteesstt,,

hhooww lloonngg mmuusstt tthhee ppaattiieenntt wwaaiitt ffoorr aa

rreessuulltt??

11..

a. 1 minute
b. 30 minutes

c. 24 hours

22.. WWhhaatt iiss tthhee rriisskk ooff ttrraannssmmiittttiinngg HHIIVV

dduurriinngg oorraall sseexx??

a. Just the same as anal or vaginal sex

b. There is a 50% chance that HIV will be transmitted if one person is HIV positive

The risk is very low, but increased if either person has cuts or sores on their

mouth or genitals

c.

WWiitthhoouutt ttrreeaattmmeenntt,, aanndd wwiitthh aa ggoooodd ddiieett,,

wwhhaatt iiss tthhee aavveerraaggee ttiimmee iitt wwiillll

ttaakkee ffoorr HHIIVV ttoo pprrooggrreessss ttoo AAIIDDSS??

33..

a. 10 years

b. 5 years

c. 6 months

44.. WWhhoo iiss eelliiggiibbllee ffoorr ffrreeee HHIIVV ttrreeaattmmeenntt iinn

tthhee UUKK??

a. Only gay men

b. Only pregnant women

c. Only legal citizens

d. Everyone

UUnnddeerr wwhhaatt ccoonnddiittiioonnss ddooeess HHIIVV bbeeccoommee

rreessiissttaanntt ttoo aannttiirreettrroovviirraall

mmeeddiiccaattiioonn??

55..

a. If there is a break in medication

b. If the HIV positive person gets a cold

c. If too many pills are taken in one dayAvert's HIV & AIDS Expert Quiz - Answers to
Easy Questions

QQuueessttiioonn 11 -- HHIIVV iiss bbeelliieevveedd ttoo hhaavvee

eevvoollvveedd ffrroomm aa ssiimmiillaarr vviirruuss ffoouunndd iinn

wwhhiicchh aanniimmaall??

b. Chimpanzee

QQuueessttiioonn 22 -- WWhhaatt iiss tthhee ddiiaammeetteerr ooff aann

HHIIVV ppaarrttiiccllee??

d. 1/10,000 of a milimetre

QQuueessttiioonn 33 -- WWhhiicchh HHIIVV ssuubbttyyppee iiss mmoosstt

ccoommmmoonn iinn tthhee WWeesstteerrnn wwoorrlldd??

b. B

QQuueessttiioonn 44 -- WWhhiicchh ooff tthheessee ddrruuggss iiss mmoosstt

ccoommmmoonnllyy uusseedd oonn iittss oowwnn ttoo

rreedduuccee mmootthheerr ttoo cchhiilldd HHIIVV ttrraannssmmiissssiioonn??

a. Nevirapine

QQuueessttiioonn 55 -- WWhhiicchh ffaammoouuss ggaayy 11995500''ss

mmoovviiee ssttaarr ddiieedd ooff AAIIDDSS oonn 33rrdd

OOccttoobbeerr,, 11998855??

d. Rock Hudson

QQuueessttiioonn 66 -- WWhhiicchh ooff tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg iiss NNOOTT

aa ggrroouupp ooff ddrruuggss uusseedd ttoo ttrreeaatt

HHIIVV??

b. Viral Delimiters

QQuueessttiioonn 77 -- WWhhaatt ttyyppee ooff vviirruuss iiss HHIIVV??

b. A Retrovirus

QQuueessttiioonn 88 -- WWhhiicchh nnoorrmmaallllyy rraarree ccaanncceerr

iiss oofftteenn aassssoocciiaatteedd wwiitthh AAIIDDSS??

c. Kaposi's Sarcoma
QQuueessttiioonn 99 -- IInn wwhhaatt yyeeaarr wwaass tthhee fifirrsstt
WWoorrlldd AAIIDDSS DDaayy??

b. 1988

QQuueessttiioonn 1100 -- IInn wwhhaatt yyeeaarr ddiidd ZZaammbbiiaa

llaauunncchh iittss nnaattiioonnaall AAIIDDSS pprrooggrraammmmee??

a. 1986Avert's HIV & AIDS Expert Quiz - Answers to Medium Questions

QQuueessttiioonn 11 -- WWhhaatt ddooeess tthhee ssttaannddaarrdd HHIIVV

tteesstt iiddeennttiiffyy??

c. Antibodies

QQuueessttiioonn 22 -- WWhhaatt ddooeess PPEEPPFFAARR ssttaanndd ffoorr??

a. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

QQuueessttiioonn 33 -- IIff aann HHIIVV ppoossiittiivvee ppeerrssoonn hhaass

aa CCDD44 ccoouunntt ooff 220000 oorr lleessss,, wwhhaatt

ddooeess tthhiiss mmeeaann??

c. They should probably start antiretroviral treatment

QQuueessttiioonn 44 -- IInn tthhee UUSSAA,, wwhhaatt ppeerrcceennttaaggee

ooff nneeww iinnffeeccttiioonnss ooccccuurr iinn ppeeooppllee

oovveerr tthhee aaggee ooff 5500??

b. 15 percent

QQuueessttiioonn 55 -- AAIIDDSS wwaass fifirrsstt rreeppoorrtteedd iinn

EEuurrooppee iinn wwhhiicchh yyeeaarr??

b. 1982Avert's HIV & AIDS Expert Quiz - Answers to Hard Questions

QQuueessttiioonn 11 -- WWhheenn ddooiinngg aa rraappiidd HHIIVV

aannttiibbooddyy tteesstt,, hhooww lloonngg mmuusstt tthhee

ppaattiieenntt wwaaiitt ffoorr aa rreessuulltt??

b. 30 minutes

QQuueessttiioonn 22 -- WWhhaatt iiss tthhee rriisskk ooff

ttrraannssmmiittttiinngg HHIIVV dduurriinngg oorraall sseexx??

c. The risk is very low, but increased if either person has cuts or sores on their
mouth or
genitals

QQuueessttiioonn 33 -- WWiitthhoouutt ttrreeaattmmeenntt,, aanndd wwiitthh

aa ggoooodd ddiieett,, wwhhaatt iiss tthhee aavveerraaggee

ttiimmee iitt wwiillll ttaakkee ffoorr HHIIVV ttoo pprrooggrreessss ttoo

AAIIDDSS??

a. 10 years

QQuueessttiioonn 44 -- WWhhoo iiss eelliiggiibbllee ffoorr ffrreeee HHIIVV

ttrreeaattmmeenntt iinn tthhee UUKK??

c. Only legal citizens

QQuueessttiioonn 55 -- UUnnddeerr wwhhaatt ccoonnddiittiioonnss ddooeess

HHIIVV bbeeccoommee rreessiissttaanntt ttoo

aannttiirreettrroovviirraall mmeeddiiccaattiioonn??

a. If there is a break in medication

Avert's Women HIV & AIDS Quiz - Easy Questions

WWhhaatt iiss tthhee oonnllyy mmeetthhoodd ooff HHIIVV
pprreevveennttiioonn ccuurrrreennttllyy aavvaaiillaabbllee tthhaatt
wwoommeenn
mmaayy hhaavvee ssoommee ccoonnttrrooll oovveerr??
11..
a. Microbicides
b. Condoms
c. The pill
IInn hheetteerroosseexxuuaall sseexx,, wwhhoo iiss mmoorree lliikkeellyy
ttoo bbeeccoommee iinnffeecctteedd wwiitthh HHIIVV ffrroomm
aann HHIIVV ppoossiittiivvee ppaarrttnneerr??
22..
a. The man
b. The woman
c. Both are at equal risk
33.. CCaann ssoommeeoonnee wwhhoo aabbssttaaiinnss ffrroomm sseexx
uunnttiill mmaarrrriiaaggee ggeett HHIIVV??
a. No
b. Yes
c. Not if they stay faithful
44.. CCoonnttrraacceeppttiivvee ppiillllss aarree wwiiddeellyy
aavvaaiillaabbllee ffoorr wwhhiicchh ppeeooppllee??
a. Women
b. Men
c. Both men and women
d. Gay people
55.. AAtt tthhee eenndd ooff 22000077,, hhooww mmaannyy
wwoommeenn wweerree lliivviinngg wwiitthh HHIIVV
wwoorrllddwwiiddee??
a. 1.5 million
b. 15.5 million
c. 54 million66.. WWhheenn wwaass tthhee fifirrsstt wwoommaann
ddiiaaggnnoosseedd wwiitthh AAIIDDSS??
a. 1979
b. 1982
c. 1991
77.. HHIIVV ccaann bbee ttrraannssmmiitttteedd ffrroomm mmootthheerr
ttoo cchhiilldd tthhrroouugghh......
a. Using the same toilet
b. Delivery/breastfeeding
c. Sharing food or drink
88.. AA lleessbbiiaann ccaann bbee iinnffeecctteedd wwiitthh HHIIVV..
a. True
b. False
c. Only if she has sex with a man
99.. IInn SSoouutthh AAffrriiccaa aa tteeeennaaggee ggiirrll iiss......
a. Five times more likely than a boy to be HIV positive
b. Five times less likely than a boy to be HIV positive
c. Just as likely as a boy to be HIV positive
1100.. WWhhaatt ccaann tthhee ccoonnttrraacceeppttiivvee ppiillll
pprrootteecctt aa wwoommaann ffrroomm??
a. Pregnancy
b. HIV
c. HerpesAvert's Women HIV & AIDS Quiz - Medium Questions
11.. WWhhyy aarree ppoooorr wwoommeenn vvuullnneerraabbllee ttoo
bbeeccoommiinngg iinnffeecctteedd wwiitthh HHIIVV??
a. Poverty causes HIV
b. Women cannot be treated for AIDS
Poverty can cause women to engage in more risky behaviour such as
commercial
sex
c.
22.. WWoommeenn rreepprreesseenntt wwhhaatt ppeerrcceennttaaggee
ooff HHIIVV ppoossiittiivvee ppeeooppllee iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd??
a. 20 percent
b. 50 percent
c. 70 percent
IInn tthhee ffuuttuurree,, hhooww mmiigghhtt aa mmiiccrroobbiicciiddee
ggeell hheellpp wwoommeenn pprrootteecctt tthheemmsseellvveess
aaggaaiinnsstt HHIIVV??
33..
a. By killing HIV inside the vagina without a partner knowing
b. By stopping HIV developing in the body
c. By reducing viral load
44.. GGlloobbaallllyy,, mmoosstt wwoommeenn bbeeccoommee
iinnffeecctteedd wwiitthh HHIIVV tthhrroouugghh......
a. Blood transfusions
b. Unprotected heterosexual sex
c. Sex with other women
d. Sharing injecting equipment
IIff aann HHIIVV ppoossiittiivvee pprreeggnnaanntt wwoommaann
ttaakkeess tthhee ccoorrrreecctt ddrruuggss aanndd ddooeessnn''tt
bbrreeaassttffeeeedd,, hhooww lliikkeellyy iiss hheerr bbaabbyy ttoo
bbee bboorrnn wwiitthh HHIIVV??
55..
a. Less than 2 percent
b. Around 15 percent
c. Over 40 percentAvert's Women HIV & AIDS Quiz - Hard Questions
OOff aallll tthhee ppeeooppllee lliivviinngg wwiitthh HHIIVV iinn ssuubb--
SSaahhaarraann AAffrriiccaa,, wwhhaatt ppeerrcceennttaaggee
aarree wwoommeenn??
11..
a. Around 24 percent
b. Around 59 percent
c. Around 76 percent
22.. WWhhiicchh ooff tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg wwoommeenn
ffoouunnddeedd aa lleeaaddiinngg ppaaeeddiiaattrriicc AAIIDDSS
cchhaarriittyy??
a. Elizabeth Taylor
b. Elizabeth Glaser
c. Queen Elizabeth II
SSiinnccee tthhee bbeeggiinnnniinngg ooff tthhee HHIIVV//AAIIDDSS
eeppiiddeemmiicc,, hhooww mmaannyy wwoommeenn iinn tthhee
UUSSAA hhaavvee bbeeeenn ddiiaaggnnoosseedd wwiitthh AAIIDDSS??
33..
a. Over 420,000
b. Over 189,000
c. Over 55,000
IInn 22000066,, wwhhaatt ppeerrcceennttaaggee ooff HHIIVV
ppoossiittiivvee pprreeggnnaanntt wwoommeenn iinn ppoooorr
ccoouunnttrriieess rreecceeiivveedd ddrruuggss ttoo pprreevveenntt
HHIIVV bbeeiinngg ppaasssseedd oonn ttoo tthheeiirr bbaabbiieess??
44..
a. 72 percent
b. 23 percent
c. 49 percent
55.. IInn wwhhaatt yyeeaarr ddiidd tthhee ffeemmaallee ccoonnddoomm
fifirrsstt bbeeccoommee aavvaaiillaabbllee iinn EEuurrooppee??
a. 1982
b. 1992
c. 2002Avert's Women HIV & AIDS Quiz - Answers to Easy Questions
QQuueessttiioonn 11 -- WWhhaatt iiss tthhee oonnllyy mmeetthhoodd
ooff HHIIVV pprreevveennttiioonn ccuurrrreennttllyy aavvaaiillaabbllee
tthhaatt wwoommeenn mmaayy hhaavvee ssoommee ccoonnttrrooll
oovveerr??
b. Condoms
QQuueessttiioonn 22 -- IInn hheetteerroosseexxuuaall sseexx,, wwhhoo
iiss mmoorree lliikkeellyy ttoo bbeeccoommee iinnffeecctteedd wwiitthh
HHIIVV ffrroomm aann HHIIVV ppoossiittiivvee ppaarrttnneerr??
b. The woman
QQuueessttiioonn 33 -- CCaann ssoommeeoonnee wwhhoo
aabbssttaaiinnss ffrroomm sseexx uunnttiill mmaarrrriiaaggee ggeett
HHIIVV??
b. Yes
QQuueessttiioonn 44 -- CCoonnttrraacceeppttiivvee ppiillllss aarree
wwiiddeellyy aavvaaiillaabbllee ffoorr wwhhiicchh ppeeooppllee??
a. Women
QQuueessttiioonn 55 -- AAtt tthhee eenndd ooff 22000077,, hhooww
mmaannyy wwoommeenn wweerree lliivviinngg wwiitthh HHIIVV
wwoorrllddwwiiddee??
b. 15.5 million
QQuueessttiioonn 66 -- WWhheenn wwaass tthhee fifirrsstt
wwoommaann ddiiaaggnnoosseedd wwiitthh AAIIDDSS??
b. 1982
QQuueessttiioonn 77 -- HHIIVV ccaann bbee ttrraannssmmiitttteedd
ffrroomm mmootthheerr ttoo cchhiilldd tthhrroouugghh......
b. Delivery/breastfeeding
QQuueessttiioonn 88 -- AA lleessbbiiaann ccaann bbee iinnffeecctteedd
wwiitthh HHIIVV..
a. True
QQuueessttiioonn 99 -- IInn SSoouutthh AAffrriiccaa aa tteeeennaaggee
ggiirrll iiss......
a. Five times more likely than a boy to be HIV positive
QQuueessttiioonn 1100 -- WWhhaatt ccaann tthhee
ccoonnttrraacceeppttiivvee ppiillll pprrootteecctt aa wwoommaann
ffrroomm??
a. PregnancyAvert's Women HIV & AIDS Quiz - Answers to Medium Questions
QQuueessttiioonn 11 -- WWhhyy aarree ppoooorr wwoommeenn
vvuullnneerraabbllee ttoo bbeeccoommiinngg iinnffeecctteedd wwiitthh
HHIIVV??
c. Poverty can cause women to engage in more risky behaviour such as
commercial sex
QQuueessttiioonn 22 -- WWoommeenn rreepprreesseenntt wwhhaatt
ppeerrcceennttaaggee ooff HHIIVV ppoossiittiivvee ppeeooppllee iinn
tthhee
wwoorrlldd??
b. 50 percent
QQuueessttiioonn 33 -- IInn tthhee ffuuttuurree,, hhooww mmiigghhtt aa
mmiiccrroobbiicciiddee ggeell hheellpp wwoommeenn pprrootteecctt
tthheemmsseellvveess aaggaaiinnsstt HHIIVV??
a. By killing HIV inside the vagina without a partner knowing
QQuueessttiioonn 44 -- GGlloobbaallllyy,, mmoosstt wwoommeenn
bbeeccoommee iinnffeecctteedd wwiitthh HHIIVV tthhrroouugghh......
b. Unprotected heterosexual sex
QQuueessttiioonn 55 -- IIff aann HHIIVV ppoossiittiivvee
pprreeggnnaanntt wwoommaann ttaakkeess tthhee ccoorrrreecctt
ddrruuggss aanndd
ddooeessnn''tt bbrreeaassttffeeeedd,, hhooww lliikkeellyy iiss hheerr
bbaabbyy ttoo bbee bboorrnn wwiitthh HHIIVV??
a. Less than 2 percentAvert's Women HIV & AIDS Quiz - Answers to Hard
Questions
QQuueessttiioonn 11 -- OOff aallll tthhee ppeeooppllee lliivviinngg
wwiitthh HHIIVV iinn ssuubb--SSaahhaarraann AAffrriiccaa,, wwhhaatt
ppeerrcceennttaaggee aarree wwoommeenn??
b. Around 59 percent
QQuueessttiioonn 22 -- WWhhiicchh ooff tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg
wwoommeenn ffoouunnddeedd aa lleeaaddiinngg ppaaeeddiiaattrriicc
AAIIDDSS
cchhaarriittyy??
b. Elizabeth Glaser
QQuueessttiioonn 33 -- SSiinnccee tthhee bbeeggiinnnniinngg ooff
tthhee HHIIVV//AAIIDDSS eeppiiddeemmiicc,, hhooww mmaannyy
wwoommeenn
iinn tthhee UUSSAA hhaavvee bbeeeenn ddiiaaggnnoosseedd wwiitthh
AAIIDDSS??
b. Over 189,000
QQuueessttiioonn 44 -- IInn 22000066,, wwhhaatt ppeerrcceennttaaggee
ooff HHIIVV ppoossiittiivvee pprreeggnnaanntt wwoommeenn iinn
ppoooorr ccoouunnttrriieess rreecceeiivveedd ddrruuggss ttoo
pprreevveenntt HHIIVV bbeeiinngg ppaasssseedd oonn ttoo tthheeiirr
bbaabbiieess??
b. 23 percent
QQuueessttiioonn 55 -- IInn wwhhaatt yyeeaarr ddiidd tthhee
ffeemmaallee ccoonnddoomm fifirrsstt bbeeccoommee aavvaaiillaabbllee
iinn
EEuurrooppee??
b. 1992

Avert's HIV & AIDS Statistics Quiz - Easy Questions

11.. WWhhiicchh rreeggiioonn hhaass mmoosstt ppeeooppllee lliivviinngg
wwiitthh HHIIVV//AAIIDDSS??
a. South and South-East Asia
b. Latin America
c. Eastern Europe
d. Sub-Saharan Africa
AApppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy hhooww mmaannyy AAIIDDSS
oorrpphhaannss wweerree tthheerree iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd aatt tthhee
eenndd
ooff 22000077??
22..
a. 2.7 million
b. 11.2 million
c. 15 million
33.. AApppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy hhooww mmaannyy ppeeooppllee
wweerree nneewwllyy iinnffeecctteedd wwiitthh HHIIVV iinn 22000077??
a. 250,000
b. 2.7 million
c. 25 million
IInn 22000077,, wwhhiicchh ccoouunnttrryy hhaadd mmoorree
ppeeooppllee lliivviinngg wwiitthh HHIIVV tthhaann aannyy ootthheerr
ccoouunnttrryy??
44..
a. Botswana
b. South Africa
c. India
HHooww mmaannyy ppeeooppllee iinn tthhee hhiissttoorryy ooff tthhee
AAIIDDSS eeppiiddeemmiicc hhaavvee ddiieedd ffrroomm
AAIIDDSS--rreellaatteedd ddiisseeaasseess??
55..
a. 2 million
b. 10 million
c. 25 million66.. AApppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy hhooww mmaannyy
ppeeooppllee wwoorrllddwwiiddee aarree lliivviinngg wwiitthh
HHIIVV//AAIIDDSS??
a. 2 million
b. 10 million
c. 33 million
AAtt tthhee eenndd ooff 22000066 iinn tthhee UUSSAA,, hhooww
mmaannyy cchhiillddrreenn uunnddeerr 1133 wweerree lliivviinngg
wwiitthh AAIIDDSS??
77..
a. 30
b. 3,775
c. 3 and a half million
88.. HHooww mmaannyy ppeeooppllee iinn CChhiinnaa ddiieedd
ffrroomm AAIIDDSS iinn 22000077??
a. 39,000
b. 3.9 million
c. 39
99.. AApppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy hhooww mmaannyy ppeeooppllee
wwoorrllddwwiiddee ddiieedd ooff AAIIDDSS iinn 22000077??
a. 10 thousand
b. 2 million
c. 49 million
WWhhiicchh wwaass tthhee fifirrsstt AAffrriiccaann ccoouunnttrryy ttoo
pprroovviiddee wwiiddeesspprreeaadd AAIIDDSS ttrreeaattmmeenntt
tthhrroouugghh tthhee ppuubblliicc sseeccttoorr??
1100..
a. South Africa
b. Botswana
c. ZimbabweAvert's HIV & AIDS Statistics Quiz - Medium Questions
TThhrroouugghhoouutt tthhee wwoorrlldd,, wwhhaatt pprrooppoorrttiioonn
ooff nneeww HHIIVV iinnffeeccttiioonnss iinn 22000077 wweerree
aaccqquuiirreedd aass aa rreessuulltt ooff sseexx bbeettwweeeenn
mmeenn aanndd wwoommeenn??
11..
a. Around 2 out of 3
b. Around 2 out of 10
c. Around 2 out of 100
22.. AApppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy hhooww mmaannyy ppeeooppllee aarree
lliivviinngg wwiitthh HHIIVV//AAIIDDSS iinn tthhee UUSSAA??
a. More than one million
b. 3 million
c. 100,000
WWhhaatt ppeerrcceennttaaggee ooff aadduullttss wweerree lliivviinngg
wwiitthh HHIIVV iinn BBoottsswwaannaa aatt tthhee eenndd ooff
22000077??
33..
a. 3.4%
b. 23.9%
c. 39.1%
WWhhiicchh ccoouunnttrryy bbeeccaammee tthhee fifirrsstt
EEuurrooppeeaann nnaattiioonn ttoo hhaavvee 11%% ooff iittss
aadduulltt
ppooppuullaattiioonn iinnffeecctteedd wwiitthh HHIIVV bbyy 22000022??
44..
a. Russia
b. Ukraine
c. Portugal
d. UK
IInn TThhaaiillaanndd aatt tthhee eenndd ooff 22000077,, hhooww
mmaannyy ppeeooppllee wweerree rreecceeiivviinngg ttrreeaattmmeenntt
ffoorr HHIIVV//AAIIDDSS??
55..
a. 153,000
b. 153
c. 15.3 millionAvert's HIV & AIDS Statistics Quiz - Hard Questions
AAtt tthhee eenndd ooff 22000077,, hhooww mmaannyy
ccoouunnttrriieess iinn AAffrriiccaa hhaadd mmoorree tthhaann oonnee
tteenntthh
ooff tthhee aadduulltt ppooppuullaattiioonn aaggeedd 1155--4499
iinnffeecctteedd wwiitthh HHIIVV??
11..
a. Four
b. Nine
c. Fifteen
IInn 22000077,, hhooww mmaannyy ppeeooppllee wweerree
eessttiimmaatteedd ttoo bbee lliivviinngg wwiitthh HHIIVV iinn
WWeesstteerrnn
aanndd CCeennttrraall EEuurrooppee??
22..
a. Around 730,000
b. Around 730
c. Around 7.3 million
AAuussttrraalliiaa hhaass rreeccoorrddeedd hhooww mmaannyy AAIIDDSS
ddeeaatthhss ssiinnccee tthhee ssttaarrtt ooff tthhee
eeppiiddeemmiicc uupp ttoo tthhee eenndd ooff 22000077??
33..
a. 6,709
b. 66,000
c. 6 million
AAss ooff tthhee eenndd ooff DDeecceemmbbeerr 22000077,, wwhhaatt
pprrooppoorrttiioonn ooff tthhee ppeeooppllee iinn nneeeedd ooff
aannttiirreettrroovviirraall ttrreeaattmmeenntt wweerree rreecceeiivviinngg
iitt iinn llooww aanndd mmiiddddllee--iinnccoommee
ccoouunnttrriieess??
44..
a. 9 out of 10
b. Around one third
c. 1 in 10
55.. WWhhiicchh ccoouunnttrryy hhaass tthhee hhiigghheesstt HHIIVV
pprreevvaalleennccee iinn tthhee WWeesstteerrnn
hheemmiisspphheerree??
a. UK
b. The Bahamas
c. Germany
d. EquadorAvert's HIV & AIDS Statistics Quiz - Answers to Easy Questions
QQuueessttiioonn 11 -- WWhhiicchh rreeggiioonn hhaass mmoosstt
ppeeooppllee lliivviinngg wwiitthh HHIIVV//AAIIDDSS??
d. Sub-Saharan Africa
QQuueessttiioonn 22 -- AApppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy hhooww mmaannyy
AAIIDDSS oorrpphhaannss wweerree tthheerree iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd
aatt tthhee eenndd ooff 22000077??
c. 15 million
QQuueessttiioonn 33 -- AApppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy hhooww mmaannyy
ppeeooppllee wweerree nneewwllyy iinnffeecctteedd wwiitthh HHIIVV iinn
22000077??
b. 2.7 million
QQuueessttiioonn 44 -- IInn 22000077,, wwhhiicchh ccoouunnttrryy
hhaadd mmoorree ppeeooppllee lliivviinngg wwiitthh HHIIVV tthhaann
aannyy
ootthheerr ccoouunnttrryy??
b. South Africa
QQuueessttiioonn 55 -- HHooww mmaannyy ppeeooppllee iinn tthhee
hhiissttoorryy ooff tthhee AAIIDDSS eeppiiddeemmiicc hhaavvee ddiieedd
ffrroomm AAIIDDSS--rreellaatteedd ddiisseeaasseess??
c. 25 million
QQuueessttiioonn 66 -- AApppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy hhooww mmaannyy
ppeeooppllee wwoorrllddwwiiddee aarree lliivviinngg wwiitthh
HHIIVV//AAIIDDSS??
c. 33 million
QQuueessttiioonn 77 -- AAtt tthhee eenndd ooff 22000066 iinn tthhee
UUSSAA,, hhooww mmaannyy cchhiillddrreenn uunnddeerr 1133
wweerree lliivviinngg wwiitthh AAIIDDSS??
b. 3,775
QQuueessttiioonn 88 -- HHooww mmaannyy ppeeooppllee iinn
CChhiinnaa ddiieedd ffrroomm AAIIDDSS iinn 22000077??
a. 39,000
QQuueessttiioonn 99 -- AApppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy hhooww mmaannyy
ppeeooppllee wwoorrllddwwiiddee ddiieedd ooff AAIIDDSS iinn
22000077??
b. 2 million
QQuueessttiioonn 1100 -- WWhhiicchh wwaass tthhee fifirrsstt
AAffrriiccaann ccoouunnttrryy ttoo pprroovviiddee wwiiddeesspprreeaadd
AAIIDDSS
ttrreeaattmmeenntt tthhrroouugghh tthhee ppuubblliicc sseeccttoorr??b.
BotswanaAvert's HIV & AIDS Statistics Quiz - Answers to Medium Questions
QQuueessttiioonn 11 -- TThhrroouugghhoouutt tthhee wwoorrlldd,,
wwhhaatt pprrooppoorrttiioonn ooff nneeww HHIIVV iinnffeeccttiioonnss
iinn
22000077 wweerree aaccqquuiirreedd aass aa rreessuulltt ooff sseexx
bbeettwweeeenn mmeenn aanndd wwoommeenn??
a. Around 2 out of 3
QQuueessttiioonn 22 -- AApppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy hhooww mmaannyy
ppeeooppllee aarree lliivviinngg wwiitthh HHIIVV//AAIIDDSS iinn tthhee
UUSSAA??
a. More than one million
QQuueessttiioonn 33 -- WWhhaatt ppeerrcceennttaaggee ooff
aadduullttss wweerree lliivviinngg wwiitthh HHIIVV iinn
BBoottsswwaannaa aatt
tthhee eenndd ooff 22000077??
b. 23.9%
QQuueessttiioonn 44 -- WWhhiicchh ccoouunnttrryy bbeeccaammee
tthhee fifirrsstt EEuurrooppeeaann nnaattiioonn ttoo hhaavvee 11%%
ooff
iittss aadduulltt ppooppuullaattiioonn iinnffeecctteedd wwiitthh HHIIVV
bbyy 22000022??
b. Ukraine
QQuueessttiioonn 55 -- IInn TThhaaiillaanndd aatt tthhee eenndd ooff
22000077,, hhooww mmaannyy ppeeooppllee wweerree
rreecceeiivviinngg
ttrreeaattmmeenntt ffoorr HHIIVV//AAIIDDSS??
a. 153,000Avert's HIV & AIDS Statistics Quiz - Answers to Hard Questions
 QQuueessttiioonn 11 -- AAtt tthhee eenndd ooff 22000077,, hhooww
mmaannyy ccoouunnttrriieess iinn AAffrriiccaa hhaadd mmoorree
tthhaann
oonnee tteenntthh ooff tthhee aadduulltt ppooppuullaattiioonn aaggeedd
1155--4499 iinnffeecctteedd wwiitthh HHIIVV??
b. Nine
QQuueessttiioonn 22 -- IInn 22000077,, hhooww mmaannyy
ppeeooppllee wweerree eessttiimmaatteedd ttoo bbee lliivviinngg
wwiitthh HHIIVV
iinn WWeesstteerrnn aanndd CCeennttrraall EEuurrooppee??
a. Around 730,000
QQuueessttiioonn 33 -- AAuussttrraalliiaa hhaass rreeccoorrddeedd
hhooww mmaannyy AAIIDDSS ddeeaatthhss ssiinnccee tthhee ssttaarrtt
ooff
tthhee eeppiiddeemmiicc uupp ttoo tthhee eenndd ooff 22000077??
a. 6,709
QQuueessttiioonn 44 -- AAss ooff tthhee eenndd ooff
DDeecceemmbbeerr 22000077,, wwhhaatt pprrooppoorrttiioonn ooff
tthhee ppeeooppllee
iinn nneeeedd ooff aannttiirreettrroovviirraall ttrreeaattmmeenntt
wweerree rreecceeiivviinngg iitt iinn llooww aanndd mmiiddddllee--
iinnccoommee ccoouunnttrriieess??
b. Around one third
QQuueessttiioonn 55 -- WWhhiicchh ccoouunnttrryy hhaass tthhee
hhiigghheesstt HHIIVV pprreevvaalleennccee iinn tthhee WWeesstteerrnn
hheemmiisspphheerree??
c. The Bahamas

8. What does HIV stand for?

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Harmful Intravenous Vaccine
• Homosexual Injury Volition

9. What does STD stand for?

• Sexually Transmitted Disease
• Special Treatment Doctor
• Standard Transmission Deficiency

10. When was the term 'AIDS' defined?

• 1977
• 1982
• 1987
 11. Which practice puts you most at risk of becoming infected with HIV?
• Kissing
• Using the same toilet as an infected person
• Unprotected vaginal sex
• Anal sex with a condom

12. What is abstinence?

• To refrain from sex
• To only have sex with one partner
• To lose your virginity

Quiz Questions Answer Sheet

1. HIV is a virus. Like all viruses, HIV cannot grow or reproduce on its own. In order to make new copies of itself it
must infect the cells of a living organism.
2. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. A person can live a healthy life if they are diagnosed with HIV, they are said to
have AIDS when they develop and HIV related illness.
3. There is no cure for AIDS. This means it is important to be aware of prevention methods such as safe sex in order
to protect yourself.
4. HIV can affect anyone from any part of the world.
5. It is not possible to become infected with HIV from everyday casual contact such as sharing food, shaking hands or
touching the same objects. You are only at risk from HIV if you are exposed to infected blood or bodily fluids.
6. Insects cannot transmit HIV. When taking blood from someone mosquitoes do not inject blood from any previous
person. The only thing that a mosquito injects is saliva, which acts as a lubricant and enables it to feed more
efficiently.
7. There are no specific symptoms of HIV.
8. Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the full term for HIV, which means that HIV weakens the body's immune system.
9. Sexually Transmitted Disease. These can be passed on during sex. So it's always a good idea to use a condom
and protect yourself.
10. AIDS was first defined in the USA in September 1982. The term 'AIDS' was suggested at a meeting in Washington,
D.C., in July.
11. Unprotected sex carries a high risk for becoming infected with HIV, so using a condom correctly will protect you.
You can't become infected with HIV through kissing or through everyday contact such as using the toilet.
12. Abstinence means avoiding sex. Abstinence is encouraged along with partner reduction and condom use as a way
of preventing the spread of HIV.

How can HIV be prevented?

Despite considerable investment and research, there is currently no vaccine for HIV, and microbicides (designed to
prevent HIV being passed on during sex) are still undergoing trials. However, there are other ways that people can
protect themselves from HIV infection, which are the basis of HIV prevention efforts around the world.
Education about HIV and how it is spread is an essential part of HIV prevention. HIV education needs to be culturally
appropriate and can take place in various settings, for example lessons at school, media campaigns, or peer
education.
Preventing sexual transmission of HIV

HIV and AIDS education for Scouts in the Central African Republic

If a person has sexual intercourse with someone who has HIV they can become infected. ‘Safer sex’ refers to things
that a person can do to minimise their risk of HIV infection during sexual intercourse; most importantly,
using condoms consistently and correctly.

A person can be certain that they are protected against HIV infection by choosing not to have sex at all, or by only
doing things that do not involve any blood or sexual fluid from one person getting into another person's body. This
kind of sexual activity is the only thing that can be considered ‘safe sex’.

Effective sex education is important for providing young people with the knowledge and skills to protect themselves
from sexual transmission of HIV. Comprehensive sex education should develop skills and attitudes that encourage
healthy sexual relationships, as well as provide detailed information about how to practise ‘safer sex’.

Preventing transmission of HIV through blood

A person can protect him or herself against HIV infection by ensuring that HIV infected blood does not enter their
body.
Injecting drug users who share injecting equipment or works are at risk of HIV infection. Needle
exchangeprogrammes can help to prevent HIV transmission among drug users by providing clean needles and
disposing of used ones.
Health care workers can be exposed to HIV infected blood while at work. The most effective way to limit their risk of
HIV infection is to use universal precautions with every patient, for example washing hands and wearing protective
barriers (gloves, aprons, goggles). In the event that a healthcare worker is exposed to potentially HIV infected blood
at work, PEP (post exposure prophylaxis) is recommended as an HIV prevention measure.

Preventing mother to child transmission of HIV

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV can be prevented by using antiretroviral drugs, which reduce the chances of a
child becoming infected with HIV from around 25% to less than 2%. Once a child is born, safer infant feedingpractices
can also greatly reduce the risk of HIV being passed on from mother to child.
For these precautions to be taken, an HIV positive mother must firstly be aware of her status. This is why HIV testing
in pregnancy is a crucial prevention measure.

The full story of HIV and AIDS

HIV is only half the story...

What happens when HIV develops into AIDS? Why are approximately 1.8 million people dying from AIDS each year?
What are the effects of the global AIDS epidemic?

Learn about AIDS and get the full story.

Avert.org has hundreds of informative pages about HIV and AIDS, as well as lots of interesting photos and videos,
personal stories from people affected by HIV and AIDS, and an AIDS game and quizzes to test your knowledge.