-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 7 -†-´ç•®Ω’ 2010 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

A. Sridhar, Onipenta äéπJèπ◊†o •©-£‘«-†ûª Ææç•çCμç-*† äéπ

Q. éÀçC Idioms, Phrases í∫’Jç* Corruption is the Achilles' heel of our politi- Èíjú˛™ ÖçC.
N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. cians = ´’† ®√ï-éÃߪ’ Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊© •©-£‘«-†ûª A. Ééπ\úø little, adjec-
To be in his low spirits: ÅNFA. tive éπüΔ? äéπ ´÷ô
e.g. : After his failure in the Q. To look blue äéπ adjective Å®√nEo
examination, he is in his A. To look blue = E®√-¨¡-îÁç-ü¿úøç áèπ◊\´ îËÆ œ-†-°æ¤púø’
low spirits Q. To look one's laurels ÅC adverb. Ééπ\úø
A. Ñ expressions ™ éÌEoPhrasal Verbs, éÌEo A. Look to one's laurels = (To look one's laurels little, brown†’
idioms. ÅFo èπÿú≈ î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ NE-°œçîË, é¬ü¿’) = §ÒçC† °∂æ’†-ûª†’ E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-´úøç/ í∫’Jç* îÁ°æpúøç ™‰ü¿’. the dais, is correct.
®√ûª™x éπE-°œçîË expressions. ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç §ÚíÌô’d-éÓèπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç. ÅC, mouse ØË ´Jg-≤ÚhçC. 鬕öÀd, ÅC adjective b) Literally correct. exactly (Eïç-í¬ØË)
´’ç*C. Sachin should look to his laurels and score ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Å´¤-ûª’çC. There are literally a lakh people - Eïç-í¬ØË ©éπ~-
To be in low spirits: E®Ω’-û√q-£æ«çí¬ E®√-¨¡í¬ another century = ûª†’ ≤ƒCμç-*† °∂æ’†ûª-†’ E. Anil, Bapatla. ´’çC ÖØ√o®Ω’. ´÷´‚©’í¬ ¶«í¬ áèπ◊\´í¬ ÅØË
century Å®ΩnçûÓ, ©éπ~ Åçö«ç. Literally a lakh Åçõ‰
Q.
Öçúøôç; °æKéπ~ ûª°æpúøç ´©x Åûªúø’ E®√¨» 鬧ƒúø’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ææ*Ø˛ ´’®Ó éÌö«dL. ¢√®√h-°æ-vA-éπ™x éÌEo ¢√é¬u©’ (éÌõ‰-≠æØ˛q) îªC-¢Ë-ô-
EÆæp %£æ«™x ÖØ√oúø’. Q. To play the gallery. î√™« áèπ◊\´ ÅØË Å®Ωnç é¬èπ◊çú≈, Eïç-í¬ØË (Åçõ‰
°æ¤púø’ ûªy®Ωí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o†’. ÖüΔ-£æ«-
Q. Blood and Iron: A. To play to the gallery (to play the gallery
´’†ç ™„éπ\°öÀd îÁ°æpúøç)- Å-E.
e.g. : Hitler followed the policy of blood and
®Ω-ùèπ◊.. Q. Is the following sentence correct?
1. A man wonders what the future holds in
é¬ü¿’) = v°æï©/ vÊ°éπ~èπ◊© ´’†o-†©’ §ÒçüËç-ü¿’èπ◊
iron. The teacher should make the students to sit
store, a woman wonders what the stores
àüÁjØ√ (´’çîÁjØ√, îÁúÁjØ√) îËߪ’úøç/ îÁ°æpúøç
A. Phrase Blood and guts When he made those dirty jokes he was in proper places.
Ñ ™‰ü¿’. •£æ›¨¡, ÅØË hold in future. I think the preposition 'to' is not necessary-
explain.

He had a windfall in horse races

A. The teacher should make the students to sit
in proper places - This sentence is wrong. In
such sentences, 'make' is not followed by
'to'- what you think is correct, but here 'to' is
not a preposition, but a part of the infinitive,
2. Everyone needs someone who to sit.
Phrase
knows their dreams by heart.
†’ §Ò®Ω-§ƒ-ô’† É™« ®√Æœ ÖçúÌa. Å®Ωnç
– £œ«çÆæ (®Ωéπh-§ƒ-ûªç)ûÓ èπÿúÕ†.
Policy of blood guts: £œ«çÆæ, üˆ®Ωb-†uçûÓ èπÿúÕ†
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 621 É™«çöÀ¢√öÀE ᙫ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’- N. Pentaiah, Secunderabad.
éÓ¢√L? Grammatical í¬ à¢ÁjØ√ Q. a) What will be the next position if you go
°æü¿l¥A. °æ ü¿l¥-ûª’©’ §ƒöÀç-î √™«? N´-Jç-îª- there?
Q. Cast down: playing to the gallery = vÊ°éπ~èπ◊©/ b) What would be the next position if you go
v°æï© ´·êuçí¬ îª´-éπ-¶«®Ω’ jokes èπ◊ í∫ © ®Ω’.
e.g. : He was cast down at the sad news of È® ç-ú Ó sentence ™ their ÅØËC à there?
his failure. Çéπ-J{-ûª’©ßË’ v°æï© ¢Á’°æ¤p éÓÆæç Çߪ’† M.SURESAN subject éÀ Ææç•ç-Cμç*çC? A. Correct sentences.
A. Cast down = Ç jokes îÁ§ƒpúø’. 1) What will be the position if you go there?
ü¿’”êçûÓ Öçúøôç. ûª† ¢Áj°∂æ-™«uEo A. 1. Ééπ\úø 'wonder' Åçõ‰ àüÁjØ√
í∫’Jç* NE Åûªúø’ ü¿’”ê-°æ-úÕ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. (Åçûªí¬ Ç™-*ç-îª-™‰E, ´’ç* îÁúø’© û√®Ω-ûª´’uç
N≠æ ß ª ÷ Eo Ç™-*ç* Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊ØË v°æߪ’ûªoç (next position é¬ü¿’) – O’®Ωéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞Ïh °æJÆœnA
Q. To come of age: Åçûªí¬ °æöÀdç--éÓE¢√JE ¢Á’°œpç-îªúøç éÓÆæç
îËß ª ’ úø ç . ᙫ Öçô’çüÓ– correct
e.g. : He was married when he come of àüÁjØ√ îÁ°æpúøç/ îËߪ’úøç)
What the future holds in store = ´·çü¿’ What would be the position (next position
age. Q. To rub (some one) (up) the wrong way If you went there? (go
é¬ü¿’) – DE-éπ®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’)
A. To rub some one the wrong way = éÓ°æç
´·çü¿ ’ ï®Ω-í∫-¶ßË’ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’
A. To come of age = there
What the stores hold = Ééπ\úø hold èπ◊ Å®Ωnç
ߪ·éπh ´ßª’Ææ’ ®√´úøç; °æJùA é¬ü¿’) = †’´¤y ¢Á∞¡xúøç Åçô÷ ïJ-TûË
îÁçü¿úøç. ߪ·éπh (ÆæÈ®j†) ´ßª’Ææ’ ®√í¬ØË Åûªúø’ éπLTç-îªúøç (†’´¤y ¢Á∞Ïx °æJ-ÆœnA ™‰ü¿’) Åéπ\úÕ °æJ-ÆœnA ᙫ
You rub him the way if you talk of his failure
éπLT Öçúøôç.
°∞«x-ú≈úø’. Öçô’çC? – °j Å®√n© ûËú≈ûÓ, ´÷®Ω’p-©ûÓ È®çúø’
= ÅûªúÕ ¢Áj°∂æ-™«u© í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úÕûË Åûª-úÕéÀ éÓ°æç
Ñ ¢√éπuç î√™« ’-û√\®Ωçí¬ ÖçC. Å®Ωnç: ¢√é¬u©÷ correct.
Q. To catch tartar: ´’í∫¢√®Ω’ ´·çü¿’-´·çü¿’ -ûª-´’èπ◊ ï®Ω-í∫-¶ßË’üËçö
e.g. : Germany caught a tartar in Russia ´Ææ’hçC.
ÅE Ç™-*ÊÆh, Æ‘Y©’ stores (≥ƒ°æ¤©)™ ´’†Íéç Q. a) Why you people are doing the something
when she tried to frighten her. Q. To take the bull by the horns again?
A. To take the bull by the horns = àüÁjØ√ Ææ´’Ææu†’
üÌ®Ω ’èπ◊ûª’çüÓ ÅE Ç™-*-≤ƒh®Ω’ (´’í∫-¢√∞¡Ÿx
A. To catch a tartar- Phrase
Ñ Tartar
™‰ü¿’. (ÉC ¶μ º N ≠æ uû˝†’ í∫’Jç*, Çúø¢√∞¡Ÿx store ™ àN áçûª b) Why are you people doing the something
èπÿú≈ Ñ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç-™E Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’, Ñ üμÁj®Ωuçí¬ áü¿’-®Ó\-´úøç üμ ¿ ® Ω è π ◊ üÌ®Ω’èπ◊-û√ßÁ÷ ÅE Ç™-*-≤ƒh®Ω’) again?
He decided to take the bull by the horns and A. a) Wrong as a question - not the correct
®ÓV™x, §ƒûª-•-úÕ-§Ú-®·çC). 2. v°æA-¢√-∞¡xèπÿ ûª´’ éπ©-©†’ ¶«í¬ ûÁL-Æ œ-†¢√∞¡Ÿx
Tartar èπ◊ Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç– éπJ∏-†çí¬ ÖçúË ßª’ï faced the police bravely.
鬢√L ÅE, Å®·ûË sentence Å®Ωnç, Åçûª form of a question. b) correct.
´÷E. (My boss is a tartar). (Tartar èπ◊ áèπ◊\ Q. To take one's life in one's hands (To run a
Ææp≠ædçí¬ ™‰ü¿’. DEéÀ È®çúÓ Å®Ωnç. ûª´’ éπ©-© Q. What necessary steps do you want to take?
great risk) e.g. : I took my life in my hands
´í¬ ¢√úË Å®Ωnç. °æ∞¡x-O’ü¿ à®ΩpúË í∫öÀd °çèπ◊-™«çöÀ í∫’Jç-* ¶«í¬ ûÁL-Æœ-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx v°æA-¢√-∞¡xèπÿ Å´-Ææ®Ωç. What, do © ´’üμ¿unecessary steps (Noun)
°æüΔ®Ωnç). O’ Sentence èπ◊ Å®Ωnç – ï®ΩtF ®Ω≥ƒu†’ and asked for a rise in salary
Every one, one, each one, some one - ÖçC v°æ¨¡o ᙫ Å´¤-ûª’çC?
A. Take life in your own hands = v°æ´÷-ü¿ç™
¶μºßª’-°õ‰d v°æߪ’-ûªoç™ ®Ω≥ƒu äéπ éπJ∏-†-¢Á’i† ߪ’ï- É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ v°æû√u-´÷oߪ’çí¬ he/ she -ÅE A. v°æ¨¡o é¬éπ ´’Í®-´’-´¤-ûª’çC? English Questions
´÷-Eí¬ éπEpç-*çC. Å®Ωnç ÆæJí¬_ ®√´úøç ™‰ü¿’. °æúøôç/ v°æ´÷ü¿ç éÌE-ûÁ-a-éÓ-´úøç ¢√úøèπ◊çú≈ they, their ©’ ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. Lçí∫- ™, verb ™ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ´÷ô-©’çõ‰– Ééπ\úÕ
Q. A Damocle's sword You take life in your hands when you swim N´éπ~ îª÷°æ-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊. verb, 'do want'), question™ á°æ¤púø÷, verb
A. Damocle's Sword across in floods = ´®Ω-ü¿™  Ö†o †C™ Ñü¿úøç
= ´ü¿-©E ÇçüÓ-∞¡†, ¶μºßª’ç A good actor is happy when the audience ™E ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ´÷ô (Ééπ\úø do) ´·çü¿’, üΔE
praise their action.
éπL-TçîË N≠æߪ’ç. v°æ´÷ü¿ç éÌE-ûÁ-a-éÓ-´-úø¢Ë’.
In Private companies the fear of losing the O’ sentence = @ûªç °çîª-´’E ÅúÕT v°æ´÷ü¿ç ûª®√yûª Subject (Ééπ\úø subject, you), Ç ûª®√yûª
Ééπ\úø their 'an actor' èπ◊ v°æû√u-´÷oߪ’ç. verb ™E Éûª®Ω ´÷ô(©’) ´≤ƒh®·. Ç Nüμ¿çí¬
job is like a Damocle's sword = w°j¢Ëö¸ éÌE-ûÁ-a-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. í∫ûªç™ their èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ his ¢√úË-¢√∞¡Ÿx.ÉC °æ¤®Ω’-
Q. A windfall (Unexpected good fortune). What necessary steps do you want to take?
éπç°F™x ÖüÓuí∫ç §Úûª’ç-ü¿ØË ¶μºßª’ç éπ~ù-éπ~ùç/ ≥ƒ-Cμ-éπuûª v°æü¿-Jzç-*-†-ôx-´¤-ûª’çC 鬕öÀd, his/ her
A. Windfall income = ņ’-éÓèπ◊çú≈ °ü¿l-¢Á·ûªhç™ ÆæÈ®jçüË éπüΔ?
á°æ¤púø÷ ´’†Lo ¢Áçö«-úø’ûª÷ Öçô’çC.
úø•’s §Òçü¿úøç (Lottery ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ üΔy®√) ÅE ¢√úË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. é¬F ´÷öÀ-´÷-öÀéÃ, he/ she Q. Why would it be considered I know.
Q. Forgood éπ≠ædç 鬕öÀd they, them, their ´®Ω’-Ææí¬
Why, would
He had a windfall in horse races last year =
ņúø ç
A. Forgood = permanently (¨»¨¡y-ûªçí¬) Åçô’Ø√oJ- °æ¤púø’. ©’ áçü¿’èπ◊ ´î√a®· (v°æ¨»o? ÊÆdö¸-
She has left India forgood = éÀçü¿-õ‰-ú≈C Åûª-úÕéÀ í∫’v®Ω°æpçüΔ™x °ü¿l¢Á·ûªhç™ ¢Á’çö«?)
Vasundhara, Mahaboobnagar.
Ç¢Á’ ¶μ«®Ωû˝ ´ü¿L
I give it to your forgood =
¢ÁRxçC, ´’Sx ®√ü¿’. úø•’s ´*açC. A. Why, would ©’ ´®Ω’-Ææí¬ áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√èπÿ-úøü¿’?
Q. Yes men (A person who obeys). Q. Please translate the following sentences e.g. : Why would he do it? (¢√úÁç-ü¿’èπ◊
Fèπ◊ ؈C ÉîËa-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’, °æ‹Jhí¬. ÖçéÓ. A. into English.
Q. To get the upper hand
°j¢√∞¡Ÿx îÁ°œpçC îÁ°œp-†ô’x NüμË-ߪ’-ûªûÓ îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx, îË≤ƒhúøC?) Å®·ûË O’ sentence: 'Why would
Yes men. All congressmen are 'yes men' to 1.
A. To get the upper hand = India
؈’ ÉçöÀéÀ ¢ÁRx ´î√a†’. it be considered, I know'. state-
v°æ¨¡o é¬ü¿’.
°jîË®· 鬴úøç. Mrs. Sonia Gandhi.
has got the upper hand in the current series
2. ´’´’tLo OCμ-§ƒ©’ î˨»®Ω’. ment sentence).
D. Aruna Ramesh, Choppadandi.
(N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ûÁLÊ°
=
3. F ®Ω’ùç ᙫ B®Ω’a-éÓ†’? Statement verb
™ would be consid-
(Ééπ\úø
É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o °æçüË™x, ¶μ«®Ω-û˝C °jîË-®·í¬ Q. éÀçC ûÁ©’í∫’ °æüΔ-©èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† English °æüΔ-©†’ A. 1. I have been to home/ I have returned
ÖçC – ÇCμéπuûª™ ÖçC. ered), subject it)
(Ééπ\úø ûª®√yûª ´Ææ’hçC. 鬕öÀd
ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. from home sentence correct form.
Q. To give the cold shoulder 1. °æ¤ùuç
Ñ
2. They have put us out on the street Why it would be considered, I know =
A. To give the cold shoulder = ÆæÈ®j† íı®Ω´ç, 2. ´’ôd (ÅJ-îË®· ¢Á†’-éπ-¶μ«í∫ç)
ÅC
3. How can I requite you?/ How can I rec-
He gave me the cold
A. 1. Virtue (Virtue èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç Ææ’í∫’ùç)
ÊÆo£æ«ç îª÷°æ-éπ-§Ú-´úøç. áçü¿’èπ◊ °æJ-Q-Lç-îª-•-úø’-ûª’çüÓ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’.
ompense you?
shoulder/ cold shouldered me at his wed- Q. What your opinion is on this ?
2. Back of the hand Q. a) He gave speach on the dais/ from the
ding = ÅûªúÕ Â°Rx™ ††oûªúø’ ÆæJí¬_ îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’/ What is your opinion on this?
Q. I saw a little brown mouse dais/ over the dais.
°æ©-éπ-Jç-îª-™‰ü¿’. b) Literally correct- Please give the mean- A. What your opinion is on this =
mouse - Noun, brown - adj, little - adv
DE™ ûª°æ¤p ¢√éπuç.
Q. Heals of Achhiles What is your opinion on this? - correct.
éπüΔ? é¬F, little adj
ÅØËC ÅE °æüÓ-ûª-®Ω-í∫AéÀ ing.
A. Achilles' heel (Heals of Achhiles
A. a) He made (not 'gave') the speech from on
é¬ü¿’) =

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 14 -†-´ç-•®Ω’ 2010
Ram: That surprises me very much. I never
knew he was capable of such an
achievement. Did he really stand first in
the University? Is it true?
(††oC î√™« Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-°æ-®Ω’-≤ÚhçC. Åçûª
°∂撆鬮Ωuç ≤ƒCμ-≤ƒh-úøE Ø√èπ◊ ûÁMü¿’. Eïç-í¬ØË
ߪ‚E-´-Jq-öÙ  ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-¢√-úø’í¬ ´î√aú≈?
Eï¢Ë’Ø√?)
Syam: The news certainly took me by surprize
too. He ended up as the dark horse.
(††’o èπÿú≈ Ñ ¢√®Ωh Ǩ¡a-®Ωuç™
´·çîÁAhçC. Åûªúø’ á´®Ω÷ Ü£œ«ç-îªE KA™
Nñ‰-ûªí¬ EL-î√úø’.)
Ram: You know something? Even his father
said he had not expected it. He was
amazed as well at his son's distinction
(Ñ N≠æߪ’ç ûÁ©’≤ƒ Fèπ◊? ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o èπÿú≈
He ended up as the dark horse
û√EC Ü£œ«ç-îª-™‰-ü¿E îÁ§ƒpúø’. ûª† éÌúø’èπ◊
≤ƒCμç-*† Ñ NP-≠d-ûæ ªèπ◊ Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.)
Syam: That doesn't surprize me. Bye the bye
how is Sadanand? The news of his seri-
ous heart condition startled me. I never
even imagined that he was ill at all, as
he himself did not know about it.
(ÅüËç ††’o Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-°æ-®Ω-îª-™‰ü¿’. ÅC-ÆæÍ® é¬F,
ÆæüΔ-†çü˛ ᙫ ÖØ√oúø’? ÅûªúÕ í∫’ç-úÁ
Ææç•çCμûª Ææ-´’Ææu Ø√èπ◊ ¶μºßª÷ç-üÓ-∞¡-†
éπLTç*çC. ÅûªúÕé¬ ï•’sçü¿E Åûª-úÕéÀ èπÿú≈
ûÁMü¿’.)
Ram: I was, as well. I am unable yet to get
over the shock of the news. He looked
so robust and healthy you know.
(Ç ¢√®Ωh éπL-Tç-*† Cví∫s¥-´’-†’ç* ØËEçé¬
ûË®Ω’éÓ-™‰ü¿’. Åûªúø’ Åçûª ü¿%úμøçí¬, Ç®Ó-í∫uçí¬
éπE-°œç-îË-¢√úø’ éπüΔ?)
Syam: So did he, infact. I was lost for words, in
fact, when I heard it.
(Å´¤†’. Å™« ÖçúË-¢√úø’. ÅC N†-í¬ØË Ø√èπ◊
´÷ô©’ ®√™‰ü¿’.)
Ram: It is incredible that a few days before he
joined hospital he had returned from a
long trip abroad and had had no trouble
whatever.
(ÇÆæp-vA™ îË®Ω-ú≈-EéÀ È®çúø’, ´‚úø’ ®ÓV©
´·çüË Åûªúø’ Ææ’-ü¿÷®Ω N-üË-Q v°æߪ÷ùç †’ç*
T. Siva, Nandikotkur.
Q.
éÀçC¢√öÀ™ ÆæÈ®j† ¢√é¬u©†’
(a/ b) Ææ÷*ç*, N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
1. (a) He was happy to see
his son grow up
strong and brave.
(b) He was happy to see
his son growing up
strong and brave.
2. (a) I take it as a privilege ...
(b) I take it a privilege ...
3. (a) He is stronger than me.
(b) He is stronger than I.
4. (a) He arrived home.
(b) He arrived at home.
5. (a) I met an old friend at a dinner party.
(b) I met with an old friend at a dinner party.
6. (a) He is studying V class.
(b) He is studying in V class.
7. (a) In case of working hard, you will pass.
(b) In case of your working hard, you will
pass.
8. (a) She is a 5 feet 3 inch girl.
(b) She is a 5 feet and 3 inches girl.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
AJ-íÌ-î√aúø’, Å°æ¤púËç ¶«üμ¿ ™‰ü¿’.)
Syam: The change in his condition is really
shocking. Hope he will recover soon.
(ÅûªúÕ °æJ-Æœn-A™ ´÷®Ω’p Eïçí¬ Ç¨¡a-®Ωu-éπ®Ωç.
ûªy®Ω-™ØË éÓ©’-èπ◊ç-ö«-úøE ÇPüΔlç.)
Ram: His father had had the same problem
but had had an astounding recovery. Do
you remember?
(¢√∞¡x Ø√†oèπ◊ èπÿú≈ ÉüË Ææ´’Ææu ÖçúËC, é¬F
Çߪ’† Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-éπ-®Ωçí¬ éÓ©’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.
í∫’®Ω’hçüΔ?)
Syam: I certainly do. Hope there would be as
sudden turn around in Sadanand's con-
dition too.
(í∫’®Ω’hçC. Å™«çöÀ ´’©’Ê° ÆæüΔ-†çü˛ Ç®Óí∫uç
-N-≠æ-ߪ’ç™ èπÿú≈ Öçô’ç-ü¿E ÇPüΔlç.)
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 622
Notes: 1) Achievement = ≤ƒCμç-*†
°∂æ’†ûª.
2) Dark horse - emerge as a dark
M.SURESAN
horse expression
ÅØË í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.
Å®Ωnç: Èí©’-≤ƒh-®ΩE éπ©™ èπÿú≈ ņ’-éÓ-E-¢√∞¡Ÿx Èí-L-*,
b) His
Åçü¿Ko Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç.
In the last elections, she emerged as the
dark horse =
í∫ûª áEo-éπ™ x Ç¢Á’ á´®Ω÷
Ü£œ«çîªE Nüμ¿çí¬ Èí©’-§ÒçC Åçü¿Ko Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-°æ-J-
*çC.
3) Robust = ü¿%úμøçí¬ (Ç®Óí∫uç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™) Öçúøôç
4) A turn around = ´’©’°æ¤/ ´÷®Ω’p
Now look at the following sentences from the
conversation above:
1) That surprises me very much
2) The news took me by surprize too
3) The news of his serious heart condition
startled me
4) I am unable to get over the shock
5) I was lost for words when I heard about it.
6) It is incredible that a few days before he
joined the hospital...
7) He had had an astounding recovery
9. (a) I heard someone laugh in the next room.
(b) I heard someone laughing in the next
room.
10. Eating and sleeping are not the be all and
end all of life.
Question tag: (a) Is it? (b) Are they?
A. 1. Both (a) & (b) are correct. see, hear, water,
notice verbs ing form I
™«çöÀ ûª®√yûª .. í¬F,
Regular doing word
é¬F ®√´îª’a.
2. (a) is correct
3. (b) is formal, (a) is informal. Rule v°æ鬮Ωç (for-
mal í¬) Å®·ûË, (a) correct. é¬F ®√†’ ®√†’,
(b)èπÿú≈ ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. °æ‹Jhí¬ ûª°æp-†™‰ç.
4. (a) - American; (b) British both are correct
5. (a)- British; meet with - American = to meet
somebody especially for discussions.
6. (a) is correct. (b) is old - fashioned
7. (a) and (b), both are wrong
The correct sentence is: In case you work
hard you will pass.
8. (a) is correct
9. (a) and (b) both are correct. Refer to explana-
tion given for your I question
10. The verb is 'are', so the question tag is:
aren't they?
-Ñ -¢√é¬u-™ x
Underline îËÆœ† ´÷ô-
©Fo Ǩ¡a®Ωuç, Cví∫s¥´’
™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE ûÁLÊ°
´÷ô©’. ¢√öÀE í∫’Jç*
É°æ¤púø’ N´-®Ωçí¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-
èπ◊çüΔç.
1) Surprise = Ũ¡a®Ωuç/
Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç
a) His coming here at that time was a surprise
= Åûª-úø-éπ\-úÕéÀ Ç Æ洒ߪ’ç™ ®√´úøç Ǩ¡a-®Ωu¢Ë’.
b) My passing the test in the first attempt is a
surprise even to me =
¢Á·ü¿öÀ v°æߪ’-ûªoç-™ØË
؈’ ÖBh-®Ω’g-úÕE 鬴úøç Ø√Íé Ǩ¡a®Ωuçí¬ ÖçC.
c) His sudden arrival surprised everyone =
ÅûªúÕ Çéπ-Æœtéπ ®√éπ Åçü¿Ko Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-°æ-J-*çC.
d) Her decision to divorce him
gave us a surprise = Åûª-úÕéÀ Nú≈-
èπ◊-L-¢√y-©ØË Ç¢Á’ E®Ωgߪ’ç -´÷ Åçü¿J-
F Ǩ¡a®Ωu°æ-J-*ç-C.
2) Take somebody by surprise ÅØ√o
èπÿú≈ Ǩ¡a®Ωuç éπL-Tç-îª-úø¢Ë’.
a) I want to take him by surprise
by sending a present =
鬆’éπ °æç°æúøç üΔy®√ Åûª-úÕéÀ
Ǩ¡a®Ωuç éπL-Tç-î√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.
sudden resignation took every one
by surprise = Ö†o-ô’xçúÕ Åûªúø’ ®√@-Ø√´÷
îËߪ’úøç Åçü¿-Jéà Ǩ¡a®Ωuç éπL-Tç-*çC.
3) Startle: ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ ïJÍí îÁúø’ ´©x éπLÍí
¶μºßª’ç/ ÖL-éÀ\-°æúËô’x îËߪ’úøç.
a) The noise of the door opening at the dead
of the night startled me = Åçûª-®√vA¢Ë∞¡
ûª©’°æ¤ ûÁ®Ω’--èπ◊†o æ¤púø’ Ø√èπ◊ ¶μºßª’ç,
Ǩ¡a®Ωuç éπL-Tç-*çC/ ††’o ÖL-éÀ\-°æúË™«
îËÆœçC.
b) God! you startled me by your sudden
appearance as if from nowhere =
áéπ\úø’oçîÓ †’´¤y Ö†o-ô’dçúÕ ÜúÕ-°æúøfô’x
éπE°œçîª-úøç ††’o ÖL-éÀ\-°æúË™« îËÆœçC.
c) The child was startled at the sudden peal
of thunder =
Ö®Ω’´· ¨¡¶«l-EéÀ Gúøf ÖL-éÀ\-
°æúÕçC.
4) Get over = Cví∫s¥´’/ Shock ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ-†’ç*
ûË®Ω’-éÓ-´úøç – üΔüΔ°æ¤ á°æ¤púø÷ not ûÓØË ûË®Ω’-éÓ-´úøç
Q. éÀçC ¢√öÀéÀ (full forms èπ◊) contracted forms,
¢√öÀ pronunciations ûÁ©°æí∫-©®Ω’.
1) She will 2) We shall 3) This is 4) I have 5)
will not 6) Shall not.
A. 1) She'll 2) No contraction 3) No Contraction
4) I've 5) I won't 6) Shan't
Q. antonyms
éÀçC ¢√öÀéÀ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’.
1) Suddenly 2) Modesty 3) Simplicity
4) Ignorant 5) Worry 6) Frightened 7) Entire
8) Wonderful 9) Pious 10) Melodious
11) Tolerance 12) Sacred
A. 1) Gradually 2) Immodesty/ Pride
3) Complexity 4) Wise/ enlightened
5) Delight 6) Reassured
7) Partial 8) Ordinary
9) Impious 10) Raccous/ grating
11) Intolerance 12) Profane.
Srinu, Darsi.
Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ᙫ ®√ߪ÷™ ûÁ©-°æ-
í∫©®Ω’.
 The union government had to eat humble pie
and reinstate N.T.R.
A. To eat humble pie = îËÆœ† ûª°æ¤p ´©x Æœí∫’_-°æúË
2
™‰ü¿’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç/ éÓ©’-éÓ-´úøç.
a) She is still unable to get over the shock of
her child's sudden death = ûª† -G-úøf Çéπ-Æœtéπ
´’%A-´©x éπL-T† Cví¬s¥çA †’ç* Ç¢Á’ Éçé¬
éÓ©’-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûÓçC.
b) She can't get over how much her hus-
band spends = ûª† ¶μº®Ωh °õ‰d ê®Ω’a éπL-TçîË
Ǩ¡a-®Ωuç-™ç* Ç¢Á’ ûË®Ω’-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûÓçC.
5) Be lost for words/ be at a loss for words =
´÷ô©’ ®√†çûª Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-§Ú-´úøç/ Cví∫s¥´’ éπ©-í∫úøç
– Å¢√-éπ\-´úøç.
a) When she heard of the accident involving
her father, she was at a loss for words/
was lost for words: ûª† ûªçvúÕéÀ ïJ-T†
v°æ´÷ü¿ç í∫’Jç* N†-í¬ØË Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ´÷ô©’
®√™‰ü¿’/ Å¢√-éπ\-®·çC.
b) I was lost for words/ at a loss for words
when he offered me such a huge sum of
money =
Åçûª °ü¿l ¢Á·ûªhç Ø√é¬-ߪ’† ÉÆæ’hçõ‰,
Ø√èπ◊ ´÷ô©’ ®√™‰ü¿’/ ؈’ Å¢√-éπ\-ߪ÷u†’.
6) Incredible = †´’t-¨¡-éπuç-é¬E (Å®·Ø√ Eïç)
äéπ a) Sachin's record as a batsman is incredi-
ble = Batsman í¬ Ææ*Ø˛ °∂æ’†ûª †´’t-¨¡-éπuç-
é¬EC (é¬F Eïç)
b) Her story of the loss of her jewellry and its
recovery intact is incredible =
Ç¢Á’ †í∫©’
§ÒíÌ-ô’d-éÓ-´úøç, AJ-T-§Òç-ü¿úøç í∫’Jç* Ç¢Á’
îÁÊ°p éπü∑¿ †´’t-¨¡-éπuçí¬ ™‰†çûª Eïç.
7) Astounding = greatly surprising/ stunningly
surprising – Ææçv¶μº-´’çûÓ/ üÁ•s-A†oçûª ¶μ«´ç
English
éπL-TçîË Ç¨¡a®Ωuç – Ǩ¡a-®√u-©èπ◊ ¢√úË ´÷ô-
©-Eo-öÀ™ ÉC áèπ◊\-¢ÁjçC. – Å•’s®Ω °æJîËçûª
a) Tendulkar's feat of 49 best centuries is
really astounding
= 49 best centuries test
-õ„ç-úø÷-©\®˝ ©™
≤ƒCμç-*† °∂æ’†ûª Å•’s-®Ω-°æ-J-îË-Cí¬ ÖçC.
b) The company has earned and astounding
50% increase in profits
=
Ç éπç°F Ǩ¡a-®Ωuç-íÌ-LÊ°/ Å•’s-®Ω-°æ-JîË 50
¨»ûªç °ç°æ¤†’ ≤ƒCμç*çC ™«¶μ«™x.
(Arjuna's/ Karna's astounding skill at
archery) (archery =
N©’-Nü¿u)
°æJÆœn-A™ Öçúøôç.
Íéçvü¿ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç îËÆœ† ûª°æ¤pèπ◊ Æœí∫’_-°æúÕ N.T.R.
†’
AJT °æü¿-N™ Eߪ’-N’ç-î√Lq ´*açC.
Q. Freedom can't be absolute
A. °æJ-°æ‹®Ωg (Ççéπ~©’ à´÷vûªç ™‰E) ≤ƒyûªçvûªuç ÅØËC
™‰ü¿’.
Q. It ought to be the place where the imagina-
tion is fired.
A. (fire our imagination)
´’† Ü£æ… ¨¡éÀhE Í®Èé-AhçîË
v°æüË-¨¡çí¬ Öçú≈L ÅC.
Q. Children do not have their own opinions and
they should not be forced to parrot their par-
ents political beliefs. The exposer to physical
danger not withstanding.
A.
°œ©x-©èπ◊ ûª´’-éπçô÷ à ÅGμ-v§ƒßª÷©÷ Öçúø´¤.
¶μ˜Aéπ/ ¨»K-®Ωéπ v°æ´÷ü¿ç Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’,
ûª´’ ®√ï-éÃߪ’ ÅGμ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷-©†’ °œ©x-©-îËûª *©éπ
°æ©’èπ◊™«x •©-´ç-ûªçí¬ °æL-éÀç-îª-èπÿ-úøü¿’.
(Parroting others' opinions = Éûª-®Ω’© ÅGμ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷-
©†’ ´’†ç NE-°œç-îªúøç (*©-éπ-°æ-©’-èπ◊™«x), ≤Òçûª
Ç™- ™‰èπ◊çú≈) Å®·ûË O’ sentence èπ◊ Å®Ωnç
ÆæJí¬_ ®√´úøç ™‰ü¿’. Éçü¿’™ not with standing
¢√úø’éπ ÆæJí¬_ ™‰ü¿-E-°œ-≤ÚhçC.
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 21 -†-´ç-•®Ω’ 2010
K. Venkanna, Khammam.
Q. ØË-ØÌéπ -Ö-§ƒ-üμΔu-ߪ·-úÕ-E. Lower
classes èπ◊ English ØËÍ®p-
ô°æ¤púø’ correct pronuncia-
tion ûÓ ØË®√p™«? ´÷´‚-©’í¬
ØË®√p™«?
äéπ-¢Ë∞¡ pronunciation ûÓ §ƒô’
ØË®Ωpúøç ´’ç*-üÁjûË à ü˨¡ pro-
nunciation ØË®√pL?
e.g. : Lock l k-
™Ôé˙ – vGöÀ≠ˇ;
l k - ™«é˙ – Å¢Á’-Jé¬
Dog d k - dok - úÌí˚ – vGöÀ≠ˇ;
d k - úÓí˚ – Å¢Á’-Jé¬
v°æÆæ’hûªç Å¢Á’-Jé¬ pronunciation èπ◊ Çü¿-®Ωù
°®Ω’í∫’-ûª’†o ü¿%≥ƒd u à pronunciation ØË®√pL.
ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. Lower Classesèπ◊ English ØËÍ®p-ô-°æ¤púø’ Correct
pronunciation ØË®Ωpúøç ´’ç*üË, é¬F °æô’d
•ôdèπ◊çú≈ áçûª O©-®·ûË Åçûª-´’-ô’èπ◊ ØËJp-ûË-î√©’.
Ther e's nothing wr ong in tr ying
British pronunciation
ØË®Ωp-úø¢Ë’ ´’ç*C. áçü¿’-
éπçõ‰ ´’†-üË-¨¡ç™ áèπ◊\´ ņ’-Ææ-J-Ææ’h-†oC DØËo
鬕öÀd. American pronunciation èπ◊ Çü¿-®Ωù
°®Ωí∫úøç Åçô÷ à癉ü¿’, ´’†ç ņ’-éÓ-´-úø¢Ë’. ´’†
English News Channels, AIR News Bulletins
ÅEoçöx British English and pronunciation ØË
¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
O.Veerraju, Guntur.
Q. I have just visited your room, you are not
available there, your phone is ringing but not
answering. Me waiting at Raju.
Ñ ¢√é¬u-EéÀ
ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. ؈’ Fí∫-CéÀ°æ¤púË ´î√a†’. †’´¤y-™‰´¤. F phone
¢Á÷í∫’-ûÓçC é¬F •ü¿’™‰ç ®√´-úøç-™‰ü¿’. ؈’ ®√V
¢√Rxçöx FéÓÆæç é¬îª’-èπ◊E ÖØ√o†’.
É™« ÅE ´’†ç Å®Ωnç îË≤Ú\-¢√-LqçüË é¬F,
éπ*aûªçí¬ Ñ Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hç-ü¿E îÁ°æp™‰ç.
Me/ I am waiting at Raju's (Raju é¬ü¿’) ņo-
°æ¤púø’ '؈’ ®√V Éçöx áü¿’®Ω’ îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o†’—, Åçõ‰
O’®Ω’ á´-Jç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞«x®Ó Åéπ\-úÕ-†’ç* AJT ¢ÁRx-§Ú-®·-
†õ‰x/ Éçéπ-éπ\-úø-™‰-®ΩØË éπüΔ? Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ Phone is
ringing ņç. The phone was ringing Åçö«ç.
Å™«Íí you are not available (É°æ¤púø’ †’´y-éπ\úø
™‰´-E-éπüΔ?) ÉD ≤ƒüμ¿uç é¬ü¿’. ¢Á·ûªhç
Sentence†’ É™« ´÷JÊÆh Å®Ωnç ÆæJí¬ Öçô’çC.
'I had visited your room and you were not
there; Your phone was ringing but not
answering. Me waiting at Raju's'. Éç-ü¿’-™
èπÿú≈ Åçûª ÆæÈ®j† ¶μ«´ç ®√´úøç ™‰ü¿’. O’®Ω’ ņ’-
èπ◊†o ¶μ«´ç àçö Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-°œ-ûË-í¬F, sentence
†’ correct îËߪ’™‰ç. É°æ¤p-úø’†o sentence Å®·ûË
´÷vûªç ÆæJí¬ ™‰ü¿’.
Q. On ÅØË preposition í∫’Jç* äéπ °æ¤Ææh-éπç™ -É-™«
-Öç-C. Supported by sb/sth: She was stand-
ing on the foot. e.g. : Try lying on your back.
e.g. : Hang your coat on that hook.
A. On = Supported by somebody (sb)/ some-
thing (sth) -Åçõ‰ äéπ-J-O’ü¿/ äéπ-üΔ-E-O’ü¿ -dž’-
èπ◊E (= supported by) Ö†o ÅE.
1) She was standing on the foot = §ƒü¿ç O’ü¿
E©-•úÕ ÖçC.
2) O’ coat †’ ´çéÃ-O’ü¿ (ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ´çéÃéÀ
Åçö«ç) ûªT-Lç-îªçúÕ.
Q By ÅØË preposition í∫’Jç* > near sb/ sth. At
. O’ü¿ ¶Ô´’t©’, N´-®√-©ûÓ îª÷Ê° v°æü¿-®Ωz†.
the side of sb/ sth. Beside sb/ sth: a house by
the river. e.g. : The Telephone is by the win-
dow. come and sit by me. Å®√n©’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
A By =
. [Near somebody (sb)/
1) ÆæO’-°æç™
something (sth)] = äéπJ, äéπ-üΔE ÆæO’-°æç™/
ü¿í∫_®Ω. 2) -äéπ-¢Áj°æ¤.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/chaduvu/chaduvuinner.asp?qry=spokenenglish
3) Beside somebody (sb)/ something (sth) =
äéπJ °æéπ\†/ äéπ-üΔE °æéπ\†. áèπ◊\´ 'by'†’
´‚úÓ Å®Ωnç (°æéπ\-†)ûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.
A house by the river = †C °æéπ\† – †C äúø’f†/
†C ÆæO’-°æç™/ †D B®√† Ö†o É©’x.
The telephone is by the window = Ç tele-
phone éÀöÀéà °æéπ\†/ éÀöÀ-éÃéÀ ü¿í∫_®Óx ÖçC.
G. Ashok, Godhur.
Q. This is my uncle Kishan ™ This is †’
´Ææ’h´¤†’ îÁ°æp-ú≈-EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç. ´uéÀh í∫’Jç* îÁ°æp-
ú≈-EéÀ 'He is' ¢√ú≈L éπüΔ!
A. 1) Ééπ\úø 'this is ...' ņ-úø¢Ë’ correct, English
usage (¢√úø’éπ) v°æ鬮Ωç, äéπJo °æJ-îªßª’ç îËÊÆ-ô-
°æ¤púø’, äéπJE í∫’Jç*, Çߪ’† °∂晫Ø√ ÅE îÁ°æp-ú≈-
EéÀ, 'He is ..' Å-Eèπÿ-ú≈ Åçö«ç.-
Q. 4th ™ 'th' †’ éÌçîÁç °jéÀ áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√ߪ÷L?
A. 4 Ææçêu (number), 'th' DEéÀ îËÍ®a Åéπ~-®√©’. 4
Å-ØË Ææçêu™ 'th' ¶μ«í∫ç é¬ü¿’ 鬕öÀd.
Q. ǧ∂ƒZ™ ¸ (After all) Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 623
A. After all = Indians
1) àüË-´’-®·Ø√.
won the match, after all. 2) àüÁjØ√
N´-JçîË Nüμ¿çí¬, üËE-ÈéjØ√ 鬮Ωùç
ûÁLÊ° Nüμ¿çí¬. You complete it, M.SURESAN A. Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´îª’a. I/ WeûÓ. Å®·ûË,
you started it, after all = üΔEo †’´¤y
°æ‹Jh-îË®·, Ç®Ωç-Gμç-*çC †’´¤y 鬕öÀd.
Q. 'v°æߪ’ûªoç îËߪ’úøç ´’ç*üË éπüΔ— èπ◊ Try to best
ÅØËC éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?
A. There's nothing wrong in trying = v°æߪ’-Aoç-îª-
úøç™ ûª°æ¤p-™‰ü¿’ éπüΔ. (= Trial costs nothing =
v°æߪ’-ûªoç-´©x §ÚßË’-üËç-™‰ü¿’.)
Q. Enrollment, Enrolment- which is correct?
A. Enrolment (British)/ Enrollment (American)
Q. Ñ QJ{-éπ™  Ê°®Ω’ ®√ߪ’E §ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊-©†’ 'äé𠧃®∏Ω-èπ◊úø’—
ÅE v°æ-J-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. 'äé𠧃®∏Ω-èπ◊úø’— ´÷ô†’
Ççí∫xç™ îÁ°æpúøç ≤ƒüμ¿uç é¬üΔ?
A. A reader Åçö«ç.
Q. Convener, Convenor, Convenior - Which is
correct?
A. Convener, Convenor - Correct.
Q. éÀçC¢√é¬u-©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’-™éÀ ņ’-´-Cç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
conditions rendering nomination invalid,
Value Added Service
A. 1. Ø√N’-Ø≠-Ë Øæ ˛ ņ-®Ω|´- ’-´ú- ≈-EéÀ 鬮Ωù- ¢- Á’†i °æJÆ- û-nœ ª’©’.
2. ÅCμéπ N©’-´ûÓ èπÿúÕ† ÊÆ´©’.
Q. His excellency Sri K. Rosaiah ™ ' His
Excellency' ÅØË ´÷ô ûª°æpEÆæ®√? DE Å®Ωn-
¢Ë’N’öÀ?
A. Åéπ\® - ™Ω- ü‰ ¿’. ÉC Ççí∫§-x ƒ-©† ¢√®ΩÆ- ûæ yª ç. ÅçûËé- ¬-èπ◊çú≈
His excellency ÅØËC í∫´® - Ωo®˝èπ◊ ´÷vû¢ª ’Ë . ´·êu-
´’ç-vAéÀ é¬ü¿’. ´·êu-´’ç-vAE Hon'ble
(Honourable) C.M. Åçö«ç. His Excellency E
Ambassador èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. Å®Ωç
¢√È®†j — ņ’-éÓ-´îª’a. é¬F, É´Fo §ƒûª•- ú- §-Õ Ú-®·†
Çî√-®√©’.
Q. What is 'Power Point Presentation'?
A. Computer (MS Power Point) ≤ƒßª’çûÓ ´’†ç
ûªßª÷®Ω’ îËÆœ Å´’t-WÊ° ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ í∫’Jç*
ÅüμΔu°æ-èπ◊©’ à-¢ÁjØ√ ü¿%¨»u-©ûÓ ¶Cμç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊, ûÁ®Ω-
Q. What is Functional English?
A. NNüμ¿ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ´’† Ææ綫-≠æ-ù™x ¢√úË English
´·êuçí¬ Eûªu-@-N-ûªç™
Q. What is the meaning of 'Cell' in cell phone?
A. Cell ÅØËC Cellular èπ◊ short form/ abbrevia-
tion - ¢Áj®Ωx (Wires) Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫çûÓ é¬èπ◊çú≈ Í®úÕßÁ÷
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
ÆæçÍé-û√© üΔy®√
Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù©’ ï®Ω-
°æúøç/ Ææ´÷-î √®Ωç
ûÁ©-°æúøç ™«çöÀ Ææü¿’-
§ƒßª’ç.
Q. éÌEo Ææç´-ûªq-®√-©’í¬
v°æJÆæ’h†o Ñ
°∂‘˝™  éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x
§ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊© ÆæçüË-£æ…©’ – Ææ´÷-üμΔ-Ø√©’ repeat Å´¤-ûª’-
Ø√o®·. Å™« é¬èπ◊çú≈ ñ«ví∫-ûªh©’ BÆæ’-éÌçúÕ.
A. Å™«Íí.
Q. ú≈éπd®˝ G.Ç®˝. Å綉-ü¿\®˝ NüΔu-®Ω|-ûª-©†’ äéÌ\éπ\
üΔEo N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. M.A., Ph.D., D.Sc., LL.D.,
D.LiH., J.P., Bar - at - Law.
A. M.A.. Master of Arts; Ph.D = Doctor of
Philosophy, D.Sc = Doctor of Science;
LL.D = Doctor of Laws, D.Litt = Doctor of
Literature. J.P. = Justice of the peace
(Britain Bar-at-Law = England
èπ◊ °æJ-N’ûªç).
™law degree.
P. Brahmanandam,
Kapileswarapuram.
Q. 'Shall'†’ permission ÅúÕ-Íí-ô-°æ¤púø’
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´î√a?- ÖüΔ: shall I
come in, sir?
Shall I come in, May I come in ©-™ 
-à-C éπÈ®èπ◊d?
May I come in? ņúøç, Shall I
come in? éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬
ņ’-´’A Åúø-í∫ôç.
Q. Vowel Phonemes ©™ 'e' ßÁ·éπ\ pronuncia-
tion àN’öÀ? Pronunciation dictionary 'a' as in
'potato', 'upper' ÅE Éî√a®Ω’. ¢√öÀE ᙫ
°æ©é¬L?
A. 'I'- Ñ í∫’®Ω’h: Common ÅØË ´÷ô ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ωùí¬
BÆæ’-èπ◊çüΔç. Éçü¿’™ *´J ¶μ«í∫ç 'mon'
Pronunciation™ 'o' †’ Öîªa ¥-JçîË B®Ω’ 'I' - ÉC
'Å— (n) é¬ü¿’. ÉC N´-Jç-îªúøç éπ≠dçæ . ØÓ®Ω’ ûÁJ*,
Ø√©’éπ áûªh-èπ◊çú≈, D®Ω`ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Öîªa ¥-JçîË ¨¡•l¢Ë’,
'I' Ñ ¨¡¶«lEo Ææ÷*çîË ûÁ©’í∫’ Åéπ~®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.
Mastan Rao, T.P.Palli.
Q. Mercifully, the buffalo was saved just intime,
but even now we have only a minute remant
of the millions of animals that used to thun-
der magnificently over the north American
Prairies.
A. O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ†üΔEéÀ àçé¬-¢√™ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’.
O’é¬\´LqçC. O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ†- ü- Δ-EéÀ ņ’-¢√ü¿ç ņ’-
èπ◊çö«. ÉCíÓ..' üË´¤úÕ ü¿ßª’´- ©x Ææ´’-ߪ÷E- éÀ ´’†ç
ü¿’†o-§Ú-ûª’©’ ÅçûªJ- ç* §Úèπ◊çú≈ ®Ωé~À çî- ª’è- π◊Ø√oç.
Å®·Ø√ ´’†-é°-À ¤æ pú- ’ø †o ü¿’†o©’ äéπ°- ¤æ púø’ Öûªh®Ω
Å¢Á’J- é¬ í∫úfÕ ¶μº÷´·™x Ö®Ω’´- ’çûª v•£æ…tç-úçø í¬
®ΩçÈé ¢ËÆæ÷h ÆæçîªJ- ç-*† ©éπ~™- «C ü¿’†o-§Ú-ûª’©
Ææ÷éπ~ t-¢Á’†i Å´-¨Ï≠çæ (Åçõ‰ î√™« ûªèπ◊\´ Ææçêu)
´÷vû¢ª ’Ë .—
n – 'íÌ°æp Q. It seems that the motto of the whaling indus-
try is "Get rich today, and to hell with tomor-
row"
A. 'Ñ ®ÓVèπ◊ Ææ秃-Cç--éÓ-í∫-L-T-†çûª Ææ秃-Cç--
èπ◊çüΔç, Í®°æ-öÀ-Íé-´’-®·Ø√ ÆæÍ®— ÅØËC AN’ç-í∫-™«©
¢Ëô ÅØË °æJ-v¨¡´’ Ǩ¡-ߪ’çí¬ ÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC. ÑØ√-öÀéÀ
èπÿú≈ ´’†’≠æfl™x áèπ◊\-´-´’çC ´’†ç E´-Æœ-Ææ’h†o
Ñ ¶μº÷N’E ᙫ Ø√¨¡†ç îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-´’ØË é¬®Ω-
ùçûÓ Åûªúø’ îªLç-*-§Ú-´úøç éπE-°œç-*çC.
Q. He was visibly shaken by this, because
even today the majority of people do not
realize the extent to which we are destroy-
ing the world we live in. We are like a set of
idiot children, let loose with poison, saw,
sickle, shotgun and rifle, in a complex and
2
beautiful garden that we are slowly but sure-
ly turning into a barren and infertile desert.
A.
N≠æç, ®Ω秃©’, éÌúø-´∞¡Ÿx, ûª’§ƒ-èπ◊-™«xçöÀ Nüμ¿yç-Ææéπ
Çߪ·-üμΔ-©ûÓ, ¢ÁjN-üμ¿uçûÓ èπÿúÕ† Åçü¿-¢Á’i† ´†ç-
™«çöÀ Ñ v°æ°æç-îªç™ Nîªa-©-N-úÕí¬ A®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷, éπ†-
•-úÕ-†-üΔ-†oçû√ üμ¿yçÆæç îËÆœ Ñ v°æ°æç-î√-ØÌoéπ îªNöÀ
¶μº÷N’™«, áú≈-J™« ´÷Í®a-Ææ’h†o Nîª-éπ~ù« ñ«c†ç ™‰E
´‚®Ω^°æ¤ *†o-°œ-©x™«x ÖØ√oç ´’†ç.
Jhansi & Mallika, Deepalapadu.
Q. O’ ≤ÚpÈéØ˛ ÉçTx≠ˇ §ƒ®∏√©’ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ îªü¿’-
´¤-ûª’Ø√oç. Å®·Ø√ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ´÷ö«x-úø-™‰-éπ-§Ú-
ûª’Ø√oç. 鬮Ωùç éÌEo ¢√é¬u-©†’ EJtç-îª-™‰-éπ-§Ú-
ûª’Ø√oç. ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊
ought to have been, that of, to have, to have
been, being..
Å®Ωçn ûÁLß
™«çöÀ °æüΔ©’ ´*a-†°- ¤æ púø’ ¢√öÀ
- ª’úøç ™‰ü¿’. ÉçTx≠ˇ Ê°°æ®˝ îªü¿’´- ¤û- ª’Ø√oç.
é¬F, É™«çöÀ °æüΔ©’ ´*a-†°- ¤æ púø’ ¢√öÀ Å®Ωçn ûÁL-
ߪ’úøç ™‰ü¿’. OöÀ í∫’Jç* ¶«í¬ N´-Jç-îí-ª ©∫ ®Ω’.
A. O’®Ω’ English ™ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©çõ‰ Å´-鬨¡ç ´*a-†-
°æ¤p-úø™«x, ûª°æ¤p-í¬-ØÁjØ√ ¶„®Ω’èπ◊ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ´÷ö«x-úøçúÕ.
Å™« îËߪ’úøç´©x English ™ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©®Ω’.
DçûÓ-§ƒô’ O©-®·-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x TV ™ English
News Å®Ωnç é¬éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√, àé¬ví∫-ûªûÓ N†çúÕ.
îμ√†™¸ Åúø’-í∫’† ´îËa Scrolling †’ èπÿú≈
îªü¿´çúÕ. ÉO O’®Ω’ îËߪ÷-Lq-†N.
Ought to have been = Ééπ\úø ÖçúÕ Öçú≈-LqçC,
í∫ûªç™.
She ought to have been affectionate to her
sister =
Ç¢Á’ ûª† îÁLx-°æôx vÊ°´’ûÓ Öçú≈-LqçC
(í∫ûªç™), é¬F-™‰ü¿’
He ought to have been polite to his uncle =
ûª† ¶«¶«-®·-°æôx Åûªúø’ ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Öçú≈-LqçC
(í∫ûªç™) é¬F ™‰úø’.
´’†ç àüÁjØ√ FA-v°æ-鬮Ωç Öçú≈-Lq-†-°æ¤úø’/ îËߪ÷-Lq-
†-°æ¤úø’, (í∫ûªç™) Ought to have been Åçö«ç.
She ought to have helped the old woman =
Ç Â°üΔl-N-úøèπ◊ Ç¢Á’ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËÆœ Öçú≈-LqçC (é¬F
îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’)
2) To have - She wishes to have a necklace
= Ç¢Á’necklace 鬢√-©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-öçC.
3) To have been - Éçü¿’-™E 'have' èπ◊, to
have 'have'
™E èπ◊ Ææç•çüμ¿ç ™‰ü¿’ Å®Ωnç™.
To have = éπLT Öçúøôç.
To have been = í∫ûªç™ Öçúøôç– Ééπ\úø 'have'
verb ™ ¶μ«í∫ç, Å®Ωnç– beenûÓ éπL°œ, í∫ûªç™
á°æ¤púÓ Öçúøôç, Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ Öçúøôç ™«çöÀ
Å®√n©’ ´îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC.
He seems to have been happy = Åûªúø’
ÆæçûÓ≠æçí¬ Ö†oô’x (í∫ûªç™), éπE-°œç-*çC.
She seems to have been selected = Ç¢Á’
áç°œéπ 鬕-úÕ-†-ô’xçC (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’: Ç¢Á’
áç°œ-éπ-®·-†-ô’xçC) É™« passive voice form
îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ èπÿú≈ to have been (+ past partici-
ple) ¢√úøû√ç).
Being = 1) Öçúøôç.
a) Being a Cheif minister is an honour =
´·êu-´’ç-vAí¬ Öçúøôç íı®Ω-´-v°æü¿ç
b) Being a teacher makes me happy =
Teacher í¬ Öçúøôç Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≥ƒEo
éπLT≤ÚhçC.
2) Being = Öçúø-ôç-´©x
being rich, he can easily buy a car = üμ¿†-
´ç-ûª’ú- ’ø í¬ Öçúøô- ç-´©x, Åûªú’ø Ææ’©-¶ºμ çí¬ car
é̆-í©-∫ úø’.
Newspaper (English) ´÷†-èπ◊çú≈ îªü¿-´çúÕ.
éÌçûª-鬩ç ûª®√yûª O’èπ◊ ûÁM-èπ◊çú≈ O’Í® English
´÷ö«x-úË-Ææ’hç-ö«®Ω’.
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 28 -†-´ç-•®Ω’ 2010 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

T. Siva, Nandikotkur. 8) Specially - Especially great attractive for

9) Business - Trade 10) Cool - Cold poets =
Q. Attributive Adjectives,
v°æéπ%A ü¿%¨»uEéÀ
Predicative Adjectives and 11) Site - Cite 12) Illness - Disease -Ö†o Çéπ-J{çîË Ææy¶μ«´ç,
Participial Adjectives †’ 13) Pitiful - Pitiable 14) Camp - Campaign v°æéπ%A °æôd éπ´¤-©èπ◊
A. 1) Joyous, Joyful:
≤ÚüΔ-£æ«-®Ωùçí¬ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. üΔüΔ°æ¤ äÍé Å®Ωnç Ö†o Çéπ®Ω{ù éπL-T-Ææ’hçC.
Modern English ™ joyful 7) Altogether =
A. Attributive Adjectives ´÷ô©’. Å®·ûË,
≤ƒüμΔ®Ωùçí¬ ÉN à nouns ¢√úøéπç áèπ◊\´. ÅçûË é¬èπ◊çú≈ festivals, 1) Completely
í∫’Jç* îÁ•’-û√ßÁ÷ ¢√öÀ occasion ©†’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ joyous ÅØË Åçö«ç. (°æ‹Jhí¬)
´·çü¿’ ´≤ƒh®·. A joyous festival/ occasion. A person's 2 Totally
) (¢Á·ûªhçí¬) b) The Election campaign here begun = áEo-
Hanuman is a clever guy. Ééπ\úø adjective mood joyous mood
†’ èπÿú≈ joyful
Åçö«ç, He has stopped coming here altogether = éπ© v°æî√®Ωç v§ƒ®Ωç-¶μº-´’-®·çC.
clever éπüΔ? ÉC, guy ÅØË noun †’ í∫’Jç* mood éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´í¬. Ééπ\-úÕ-éπ-ûªúø’ ®√´úøç °æ‹Jhí¬ ´÷ØË-¨»úø’. c) The company has launched a campaign
îÁ•’ûª÷, Ç noun ´·çü¿’ ´≤ÚhçC éπüΔ? 鬕öÀd, 2) Committee = à ÆæçÆæn Å®·Ø√ éÌçûª-´’çC I am altogether a stranger here = ØËE-éπ\úø for this product = Company Ñ ´Ææ’h´¤
ÉC attributive adjective. ´uèπ◊h©ûÓ àüÁjØ√ Ææ´’Ææu/ °æJ-Æœn-AE °æJ-Q-Lç*, °æ‹Jhí¬ éÌûªh-üΔEo v°æî√®Ωç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμç-*çC.
Sita has a beautiful sari. Ñ sentence ™ Totally = ¢Á·ûªhçAltogether there were 50
A. Sudhakar, Peddamalla Reddy.
üΔEéÀ °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ à®Ωp-®ΩîË Ææ´‚£æ«ç,
èπÿú≈ beautiful ÅØË adjective, ÅC qualify îËÊÆ ÉC v°æ¶μº’-û√y-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cμç* 鬴a, à Éûª®Ω ÆæçÆæn passengers in the compartment = ¢Á·ûªhç Ç
à®Ωp-JîËüÁjØ√ 鬴a. Committee îËÊÆ Æœ§∂ƒ-®Ω’q-©†’ compartment Q. A phrase is a group of words without a verb.
noun, 'sari' ´·çü¿’ ´≤ÚhçC 鬕öÀd, ÉC attribu- ™ 50 ´’çC v°æߪ÷-ùÀèπ◊-©’-Ø√o®Ω’.-
So, "Sashan wants the ruling party to dis-
tive adjective. Attributive adjective, a/ an/ the Çîª-®Ω-ù™ °ö«d©ØË E•ç-üμ¿† Öçúøü¿’. All together = Åçü¿®Ω÷/ Å-Fo éπLÆœ
e.g. : Justice Srikrishna Committee îËÊÆ Æœ§∂ƒ- miss two ministers" in this sentence, 'to dis-
™«çöÀ determiners èπ◊, noun èπ◊ ´’üμ¿u-®√-´úøç All together they went to see the CM. =
miss two ministers' is a phrase, thus it is a
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. ®Ω’q-©†’ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç Å´’©’ îËߪ÷-©ØË E•ç-üμ¿-ØËç-™‰ü¿’. ¢√∞¡xç-ü¿®Ω÷ éπLÆœ CM †’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x®Ω’. simple sentence.
a) Sita is beautiful Commission: ÉC ´·êuçí¬ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç, à®Ωp-J-îË 8) Specially = v°æûËu-éπçí¬
But I have seen in a modern grammar and
b) Vandana is tall
usage book. 'to dismiss two ministers' is

I am altogether a stranger her e

regarded as a infinitive clause, so it is a
complex sentence. (two clauses) I have
doubt whether it is a simple sentence or
complex sentence. please clarify.
A. 'To dismiss two ministers' is not at all a
°j È®çúø’ sentences ™ adjectives, a) This book is specially useful for
clause, not even an infinitive clause. It is just
a) beautiful, b) tall. ÉN, Sita, Vandana ™«çöÀ students =
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 624 a phrase. An infinitive is not a verb, so 'to
ÉC v°æûËu-éπçí¬ NüΔu-®Ω’n-
subjects†’ í∫’Jç* ûÁLÊ°– Predicate ™
dismiss' in 'to dismiss two ministers' is only
©èπ◊°æßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË °æ¤Ææhéπç (ÉçÈé-´-JéÃ
¶μ«í∫ç 鬕öÀd, ÅN predicative adjectives. é¬ü¿’) an infinitive and therefore, 'to dismiss two
The story is short - short - predicative adjec-
´uèπ◊h© •%çü¿ç. Ñ •%çüΔ-EéÀ elected Especially = ´·êuçí¬/ v°æüμΔ-†çí¬
bodies ministers' is only a phrase. So 'Seshan
tive.
(v°æï©’ ᆒo-èπ◊ØË ÆæçÆæn-©èπ◊) -ÖçúË b) This book is useful, especially for
ÅCμ-é¬-®√©’ ™‰†-°æp-öÀéà commission èπ◊ wants the ruling party to dismiss two minis-
Participial adjectives = Adjectives in the form students = Ñ °æ¤Ææhéπç Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç. ters', has only one finite verb 'wants' That
èπÿú≈ éÌEo ÅCμ-é¬-®√-©’ç-ö«®·. M.SURESAN
of the present participle and the past partici- ´·êuçí¬ NüΔu-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ (Éûª-®Ω’-©èπÿ Ö°æ- means it has only one main clause and a
Commission Nüμ¿’©’:
ple. ßÁ÷í∫ç, é¬F NüΔu-®Ω’n-©-Èé-èπ◊\-´í¬) phrase so it is undoubtedly a SIMPLE SEN-
e.g. : a) Working women lead busy lives
1) àüÁjØ√ îªôdç ÆæJí¬_ Å´’-©-´¤-ûª’çüΔ ™‰üΔ ÅE 9) Business = ¢√u§ƒ-®Ωç/-ü¿’-é¬ùç (°ü¿l-á-ûª’h†/ *†o- TENCE.
working present participle
Ééπ\úø ÅØË °æJ-Q-Lç-îªúøç; á-ûª’h†)
women noun
ÅØË †’ í∫’Jç* îÁ•’-ûÓçC. Åçõ‰ 2) îªôd Ö©xç-°∂æ’-†©-†’ v°æ¶μº’ûªy ü¿%≠œdéÀ ûË´úøç, Trade = ¢√ùÀïuç (¶μ«K ¢√u§ƒ®Ω 鬮Ωu-éπ-™«-§ƒ©’)
Y. Gayathri, Asifabad.
ÅC adjective îËÊÆ °æEE îË≤ÚhçC, 鬕öÀd Å™«çöÀ Ö©xç-°∂æ’-†-©èπ◊ ¶«üμ¿’u-™„j† ¢√JéÀ Péπ~ 10) Cool = -îª-©xí¬ Ö†o/ x-öÀ (-É-C -´’-†èπ◊ Q. éÀçC°æüΔ-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
'working', participial adjective. Ææ÷*ç-îªúøç. OöÀéÀ îªôd-°æ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ÅCμ-é¬-®√©’ £æ…-®·-F, -≤˘-ë«u-Fo éπ-L-Tç-îË-C) 1. Freeze frame 2. Ditty 3. Telltale
b) It was a drawn match
èπÿú≈ Öçö«®·. 4. Philately 5. Tantalize 6. Fuzzy
Cold = îªLí¬ Ö†o/ x-•-úÕ† DE-´©x ´’†èπ◊
c) The stolen cash was found in his room
ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù©’: 1) Human Rights Commission Å≤˘-éπ®Ωuç. 7. Mainstay 8. Purloined
In (b) drawn (past participle of 'draw')
(´÷†´ £æ«èπ◊\© éπN’-≠æØ˛)
The day is cool = xí¬ £æ…®·í¬ ÖçC. 9. Despondency 10. Inmost
qualifies the noun, 'match' - so 'drawn' is a
2) Minority Rights Commissions
The day is cold = îªLí¬ ÖçC. 11. Courtsan 12. Embrassing.
participial adjective. 3) Central Water and Power Commission
11) Site = -Éç-öÀÆæn-©ç/ É∞¡Ÿx éπô’d-éÌ-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, O©’í¬ A. 1. Freeze Frame = ÆœE-´÷™x, TV ™x àüÁjØ√
In (c), the 'stolen' (Past participle of 'steal')
(Íéçvü¿ ï© Nü¿’u-îªa ¥éÀh Commission) etc.
Ö†o Ææn©ç. She bought the site near her scene ™ äéπ-Ææç-°∂æ’-ô-††’ E¨¡a-©çí¬ (éπü¿-©-
qualifies the noun 'Cash'. So 'stolen' is the 3) Wail - ®Óü¿† üμ¿yEûÓ (ü¿’”ê-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† íÌçûª’ûÓ àúø-
Office = ¢√∞¡x Office ü¿í∫_®Ω Ö†o Ææn™«Eo Ç¢Á’ èπ◊çú≈) é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ îª÷°œçîË *vûªç (´÷´‚©’
past participle of 'steal'. ´ôç. Weep = ᙫ Å®·Ø√ àúø-´ôç é̆oC. photo ™™«)
Q. He was tired. He felt tired. He got tired. 4) Recover: 1) éÓ©’-éÓ-´úøç 2) É*a† ´Ææ’h´¤/ úø•’s
OöÀ Cite = ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-™«ç-öÀN É´yúøç 2. Ditty = *†o Uûªç (§ƒô) Åçûªí¬ íÌ°æpC é¬EC.
(be) P.P./ (feel)/ P.P/ ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE AJT ®√•-ô’d-éÓ-´úøç. Restore =
Å®√nEo, à Ææçü¿®√s¥™x He cited Karna as a man of generosity = 3. Tell tale = éπ∞¡xèπ◊ éπE-°œÆæ’hØ√o (üΔîª-™‰E. Tell tale
(Get) P.P. ©†’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ó N¨¡ü¿°æ®Ω-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. °æ¤†”-v°æ-A≠æe/ °æ‹®Ωy°æ¤ ÆœnAéÀ ûË´úøç.
signs = éπ∞¡xèπ◊ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h†o í∫’®Ω’h©’ (üΔîª-™‰-EN)
e.g. : 1) He recovered from a fever a few
üΔûª%ûªyçÖ†o ´’E≠œ. ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ωùèπ◊ éπ®Ω’gúÕE
A. He was tired = Hew felt tired = He got tired. 4. Philately = Postal Stamps ÊÆéπ-JçîË hobby
days ago. éÓ©’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.
í∫’Jç* îÁ§ƒp-ú≈-ߪ’†.
OöÀ™x üËØÁj oØ√ à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ Å®·Ø√ ¢√úø-´îª’a 12) Illness = ï•’s/ à ﶄjsØ√/ -ÅØ√-®Óí∫uç. 5. Tantalize = äéπ®Ω’ 鬢√-©-†’-èπ◊ØË ´Ææ’h-´¤†’ ¢√J-
2) India is unable to recover its territory
Illness is rampant in slums = ´·J-éÀ-¢√-úø™ x
– Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰ éπüΔ?
under chinese occupation = îÁjØ√
éÀîËa™« Ǩ¡ îª÷°œç* É´y-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç/ äéπ®Ω’
Q. éÀçC¢√öÀéÀ antonyms ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. ï•’s©’/ ÅØ√-®Óí∫uç N°æ-K-ûªçí¬ ÖçC. ¶«í¬ ÇP-Ææ’h†o N≠æߪ’ç ÅçC-†õ‰d éπE-°œç*, Åçü¿-éπ-
1) Menotony 2) Meagre 3) Fickle
Çvéπ´’ù™ Ö†o ûª† ¶μº÷¶μ«-í¬Eo ¶μ«®Ωû˝
AJT ®√•-ô’d-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûÓçC. Disease = äéπ ï•’s. Cancer is a deadly dis- §Ú-´úøç
4) Frank 5) Marvellous 6) Meek (Mild) ease. (Cancer- äéπ ï•’s – ´’®Ωù鬮Ω-éπ-¢Á’içC) Success Tantalized him = Nïߪ’ç Åûª-úÕéÀ
Restore: 1) Democracy was restored in
7) Generous 8) Straight 9) Ample 13) a) Pitiful = ü¿ßª’-í∫©. -ñ«-L-ûª-L-îË.
Pakistan after 12 years §ƒé˙™  v°æñ«-≤ƒy´’uç
ÅçC-†õ‰d éπE-°œç*, Åçü¿-èπ◊çú≈ §Ú®·çC.
10) Praise 11) Offer 12) Quiet A Pitiful person cannot bear the sight = 6. Fuzzy = 3, 4 Å®√n-©’-Ø√o®· Ñ ´÷ôèπ◊. áèπ◊\´í¬
12 à∞¡x ûª®√yûª ´’Sx ØÁ©-éÌçC
13) Regret 14) Sacrifice
2) The Court Judgement has Restored their ü¿ßª’í∫© ´uéÀh Ç ü¿%¨»uEo ¶μºJç-îª-™‰úø’. ¢√úË Å®Ωnç– ´’Ææéπ ´’Ææ-éπí¬ Ö†o/ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ™‰E.
A. 1) Variety 2) Ample/ Fat/ Rich b) Pitable = ü¿ßª’-F-ߪ’-¢Á’i† /ñ«L éπL-TçîË (Fuzzy logic - Computers †’ ´÷†´ ¢Á’ü¿-úø’-
property to them = éÓ®Ω’d B®Ω’p ¢√∞¡x ÇÆœhE
3) Constant 4) Secretive/ durious ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ AJT ´îËa™« îËÆœçC His condition was pitable = ÅûªúÕ °æJ-Æ œnA ™«í¬ °æE-îË-®·çîªí∫LÍí computer v°ævéÀߪ’)
5) Ordinary/ Commenplace 6) Arrogant 7. Main Stay = ÇüμΔ®Ωç. He is the mainstay of
3) The Police Action Restored calm in the ü¿ßª’-F-ߪ’çí¬/ ñ«L éπL-Tç-îË-Cí¬ ÖçC.
7) Mean 8) Crooked 14) Camp èπ◊, Campaign èπ◊ àO’ Ææç•çüμ¿ç ™‰ü¿’ the company = Ç Company éÀ ÅûªúË ÇüμΔ®Ωç
area = §ÚMÆˇ Ωu Ç v§ƒçû√-EéÀ ´’Sx v°æ¨»ç-ûª-
9) Meagre/ Scanty 10) Condemn ûª†’ îËèπÿ-JaçC. éπüΔ? Camp = NúÕC/ •Ææ îËߪ’úøç/ (´·ê’uúø’)
8. Purloin = ûªÆæ \-Jç-îªôç/ üÌçT-Lç-îªúøç (ņ’-´’A
11) Withhod 12) Noisy/ loud/ disturbed 5. Be rid of = àüÁjØ√ îÁúø’ ´ü¿-L-§Ú-´úøç. Iam rid of û√û√\Léπçí¬ ¢ËÍ® îÓô °æE-O’ü¿ Öçúøôç.
13) Gloat 14) Gain/ Acquire his trouble/ my illeness= ¢√úÕ ¶«üμ¿/ Ø√ ¢√uCμ a) This is their camp in summer = ÉC ¢√J ™‰èπ◊çú≈ äéπJ ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ BÆæ’-èπ◊E, ¢√úË-ߪ’ôç)
9. Despondency = E®√¨¡, EÆæp %£æ«.
Q. éÀçC¢√öÀ Å®Ωnç, v°æßÁ÷í¬©†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ´C-LçC Ø√èπ◊/ ´ü¿’-©’a-èπ◊-Ø√o†’ ¢ËÆæN NúÕC.
Get rid of = ´ü¿’-©’a-éÓ-´-úøç. b) The officer is on camp = ÅCμ-é¬J °æE-O’ü¿ 10. Inmost = Åçûª-®√-∞«™x– ÅEo-öÀ-éπçõ‰ ™°æ© Ö†o.
1) Joyous - Joyful 11. Courtesan = ¢Ë¨¡u/ §ƒûª-é¬-©ç™ ®√V©
2) Committee - Commission Get rid of your laziness = F •ü¿l-é¬Eo ´ü¿’-©’aéÓ, û√û√\-L-éπçí¬ ¢ËÍ® Ü®Óx ÖØ√o®Ω’)
Duryodhana wanted to get rid of all the c) The Collector is camping here tonight = Ç≤ƒnØ√™xE üË´-üΔÆ‘
3) Wail - Weap
Pandavas = Collector Ñ ®√vA Ééπ\úø •Ææ îË≤ƒh®Ω’. 12. Embarrasing = É•sç-C-°õ‰d. It is embar-
4) Recover - Restore
§ƒçúø-´¤-©†’ ´C-Lç--éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊-
Ø√oúø’ ü¿’®Óu-üμ¿-†’úø’ Campaign = Öü¿u´’ç/ áEo-éπ-©èπ◊/ ´Ææ’h-´¤-©èπ◊ rassing for a police inspector to arrest a
5) Rid of - Get rid of minister's son.
6) Attractive = Çéπ-®Ω{ù. ÉîËa v°æî√®Ωç.
6) Attraction - Attractiveness a) The campaign for women's rights =
Attractiveness = Çéπ-J{çîË Ææy¶μ«´ç Æ‘Y©
7) Altogether - All together
The Attractiveness of Natural Scenary has £æ«èπ◊\© Öü¿u´’ç.
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