Professional Documents
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Forecasting
Inflow to node
Flow Rate q
29-30th April, 2008 PMRE Department, BUET
Nodal Analysis…
• Intersection of Inflow and outflow satisfy
the conditions
• This P is the optimum for that flow rate
• If any change is made anywhere ie inflow
or outflow then only that curves will be
shifted and other will be same
• Intersection will be changed
Pwh
d2>d1
d1
q
29-30th April, 2008 PMRE Department, BUET
Nodal Analysis…
• If flow line diameter increases then the out
flow curve will shift downward
Inflow
d1
Pwh d2>d1
Outflow
q
29-30th April, 2008 PMRE Department, BUET
Nodal Analysis
• Node can be select anywhere in the production system
• List of possible positions of node
1. Separator ( Sales or Stock tank)
2. Surface Choke
3. Wellhead
4. Safety Valve
5. Restriction
6. Bore hole Pwf
7. Sand Face Pwfs
8. Reservoir
• Most of the cases node is placed in number 6
• System will divide into Reservoir and Piping
Components
−
• Inflow to Node P r − ∆ P res = P wf
Pwf
Inflow
Psep
Pr
Inflow
Outflow
Pwf
Psep
q
• Not suitable for tubing optimization
• Formation Damage or Inadequate Perforation
29-30th April, 2008 PMRE Department, BUET
Tubing Size Optimization…
d1
PR
d2>d1
Pwf
Pwf
Inflow
q Unstable Region
d for max q
d
29-30th April, 2008 PMRE Department, BUET
Optimize Perforation
• Select bottom hole flowing pressure as a node
• Inflow relationship is pressure drop through rock
and pressure drop through perforations
• Inflow to Node −
Pr − ∆Pres − ∆Pperfs = Pwf
N3 > N2
N1
Pwf
q
29-30th April, 2008 PMRE Department, BUET
Optimize Perforation..
• Increase in perforation number increases
flow
Number of Perforation
29-30th April, 2008 PMRE Department, BUET
Optimization Procedure
• Identify the components in the system
• Select one component to be optimized
• Select the node location that will best
emphasize the effect of change
• Develop expression for inflow and outflow
• Calculate pressure drop versus rate for all
components
• Determine the effect of changing the
characteristics of the selecting component
29-30th April, 2008 PMRE Department, BUET
Optimization Procedure…
• Repeat the procedure for each component
• Optimize the production system
• Vogel qo = qb + 1 − 0 . 2
1 .8 Pb
− 0 . 8
Pb
• Fetkovitch
( 2
qo = C Pr − Pwf
2 n
)
= C (P )+ C (P − P )
2 2
qo 1 b − Pwf 2 r b