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BEGIN_DOC spkr.doc
[Last modified 7-Feb-92]
[This version differs from 3.0 in that I have included the design
equations I used.]
--------
SPEAKER DESIGN EQUATIONS 3.2
written by Bill McFadden
1992 All Rights Reserved
1. Introduction
This is a library of equations for designing ported and closed-box
speaker enclosures. The equations were taken from speaker design
books and technical papers by Richard Small and Neville Thiele
(see references below). They are designed for unstuffed
enclosures. Refer to the references for more information on
stuffing.
The equations are intended to be used with the HP48SX multiple
equation solver in the equation library ROM card, but can also be
run with the built-in HP solver. The binaries are provided in
uuencoded and ->ASC form. An RPL version is also provided, but
does not include the binary variable Mpar needed by the multiple
equation solver.
The default speaker parameters when you first download the file
are for the Eminence 18029 18" driver.
I welcome any comments or refinements.
2. Variables
The main directory is called SPKR and consists of two
subdirectories:
CB Closed Box Design
PORTED Ported Box Design
Running the multiple equation solver from either subdirectory will
produce a menu of variables:
Vas Volume of air having same acoustic complaince as driver
suspension
Qts Total driver Q at Fs
Fs Resonant frequency of driver
PEmax Thermally-limited maximum RMS input power
SPL Efficiency of driver in dB SPL at 1W/1m
Dia Diameter of driver
xmax Peak displacement limit of driver diaphragm (1/2 of "throw")
Vb Inside volume of enclosure
Fb Resonance frequency of enclosure
F3dB Half-power (-3 dB) frequency of loudspeaker system response
Fmax Upper frequency limit of driver's piston range
dBpeak Maximum peak or dip of loudspeaker system response
Par Estimated displacement-limited acoustic power rating
Per Estimated displacement-limited electrical power rating
\Gno Percent driver efficiency (\Gn is greek character eta)
PeakSPL Thermally-limited RMS sound pressure level in passband
Sd Estimated effective projected surface area of driver diaphragm
Vd Peak displacement volume of driver diaphragm
K1 Power rating constant
K2 SPL rating constant
The following additional variables are defined for the closed box
case:
Qb Total Q of system at Fb
Amax Maximum amplitude of loudspeaker frequency response
Vr Ratio of Vas to Vb
Qr Ratio of Qb to Qts and Fb to Fs
The following additional variables are defined for the ported box
case:
Dmin Minimum diameter of tubular vent to prevent excessive vent
noise
Dv Diameter of tubular vent
Lv Length of tubular vent
For the ported box case, the following apply:
1. Fb is the tuning frequency for the vent.
2. To use a square vent, enter the vent width times 1.13 or
[2/SQRT(pi)] for Dv.
3. Design
When designing a loudspeaker, two approaches may be followed. The
easiest is to select a driver and design an enclosure for it. The
other is to design the enclosure first, then select or build a
driver that matches it.
The choice between a closed box and ported box depends on several
factors. Closed-box systems are the easiest to design and build
and have the advantages of smaller box size, good low-frequency
power handling, and superior transient response. Ported-box
systems are more difficult to design because they require precise
duct tuning. However, ported boxes have the advantages of
superior bass response, good efficiency, and superior peak power
handling in the passband.
3.1 Closed-Box Systems
Closed-box systems are designed around one variable, box
volume. Box volume is a function of the driver parameters and
the system Q, Qb. To design a system with minimum peak or
droop in the passband, Qb must be 0.707.
The designer has the choice of setting Qb and solving for the
box volume, or setting the box volume and solving for Qb.
There is also the choice of assigning values to both of these
variables and solving for one of the driver parameters.
To design a closed-box system, enter the CB subdirectory and
run the multiple equation solver. Alternatively, run the HP
solver and select DESIGN.EQ as the current equation. Choose
one of the following variables to solve for and assign values
to the rest: Vas, Qts, Fs, SPL, Dia, xmax, Qb, and Vb.
If you don't have all of the parameters available, purge the
ones you don't know, so they'll be undefined and the solver
won't attempt to use them. At a minimum, you will need to
supply all but one of Vas, Qts, Fs, Qb, and Vb.
Next, press <- ALL in the multiple equation solver for solve
for all the unknowns. If using the HP solver, you will need to
solve for each unknown individually, using NXEQ to sequence
through the equations.
3.2 Ported-Box Systems
Ported-box systems are a little more difficult than closed box
systems because there is an additional variable, tuning
frequency. The optimum tuning frequency depends on the driver
parameters and box volume.
To design a ported-box system, enter the PORTED subdirectory.
Run the equation solver of your choice as described above and
enter the driver parameters. Notice there is no Qb variable.
At this point solving for the unknowns will automatically
create a system with optimum passband response. Alternatively,
you can specify values for Vb and/or Fb to see what effect they
have on the system response.
To find the minimum recommended diameter of a tubular vent for
the enclosure, solve for Dmin. This is smallest diameter
permissible to keep the air velocity below 5% of the speed of
sound. Higher velocities can produce audible noise. To
calculate the vent dimensions, enter either of Dv and Lv and
solve for the other, keeping in mind the minimum recommended
value of Dv.
3.3 Cabinet Design
In the CST menu of the CB and PORTED subdirectories is a key
labeled BCALC. Pressing this key runs the box calculator
program. Don't run it directly from the SPKR subdirectory, or
it will not work properly. The program is rather crude, and
does not handle dual woofers, but is adequate for most
designs. It works as illustrated by modeling the driver as a
segment of a solid cone:
_____
/| ^
/ | |
/ | |
/ | |
_____ / | |
^ | | |
| | | |
Rdia | | Dia
| | | |
__v__ | | |
\ | |
| \ | |
| \ | |
| \ | |
| \| __v__
|
| |
|<-Depth->|
| |
4. Analysis
4.1 Frequency Response
The equation solver generates three values related to frequency
response, F3dB, Fmax, and dBpeak.
F3dB is the frequency at which the acoustic output power of the
speaker drops by half. Below this frequency, the response will
drop 12 dB per octave for the closed box and 24 dB per octave
for the ported box.
Fmax is the upper limit of the driver's piston range. Piston
range is defined as the range of frequencies for which the
wavelength of sound is greater than the circumference of the
driver's diaphragm. In this range, the driver's output is
non-directional.
Since this package models the driver as a piston, it is
important to note that the equations are only accurate up to
Fmax. In addition, because it is difficult to predict the
driver's high-frequency behavior, it is a good idea to cross
over to a smaller driver at or below Fmax.
dBpeak is the magnitude of the frequency response peak or dip.
For an optimal design, this value will be zero.
To examine the frequency response in detail, enter the CB or
PORTED subdirectory and run the plotter or HP solver. Select
FREQresp from the equations catalog. F is the frequency
variable, and dBmag is the response at that frequency. Using
the solver you can solve for one in terms of the other.
4.2 Power Handling
The equation solver generates power ratings called Par and
Per.
Par is the displacement-limited acoustic power rating. For the
closed box, Par is the worst-case value for wide-band signals
(all the way down to DC). For the ported box, it is an
estimate based on the characteristics of musical signals.
Per is the displacement-limited electrical RMS power rating
based on Par.
Because displacement-limited power handling is actually a
function of frequency, the values of Par and Per only give
small part of the picture. To examine power handling in
detail, enter the CB or PORTED subdirectory and run the plotter
or HP solver. Select POWresp from the equations catalog. F is
the frequency variable, and Pmax is the maximum electrical
input power at that frequency.
Pmax is plotted first, followed by PEmax, the manufacturer's
thermal RMS power rating. At some frequencies, Pmax will
exceed PEmax. As frequency increases, Pmax can reach thousands
of watts. Exceeding PEmax is permissible for short durations,
but under no circumstances should you exceed Pmax even briefly
or the driver may be physically damaged.
Because Pmax is calculated with sine waves in mind, the peak
power rating at a given frequency will be 2*Pmax.
Using the ISECT function of the plotter, it is possible to
determine the frequency range(s) over which it is safe to apply
the full rated thermal power, PEmax, without damage from
excessive displacement. Just place the cursor near the
intersection of the curves and press ISECT in the FCN submenu.
In the same manner, you can also use ISECT to find frequencies
where the curves approach one another but don't touch.
4.3 Sound Pressure Level
The equation solver generates a value for maximum SPL called
PeakSPL. This is the maximum RMS output level of the system in
the passband when driven by the thermally-limited maximum input
power, PEmax.
Like power handling, displacement-limited SPL is a function of
frequency. To examine displacement-limited SPL in detail,
enter the CB or PORTED subdirectory and run the plotter or HP
solver. Select SPLresp from the equations catalog. F is the
frequency variable and SPLmax is the displacement-limited SPL
at that frequency.
SPLmax is plotted first, followed by the thermally-limited RMS
sound pressure level. As before, for frequencies where SPLmax
exceeds the thermally-limited SPL, the maximum SPL may be
limited to a value in between, depending on the peak-to-average
power ratio of the input signal.
Again, ISECT can be used to find the frequency or frequencies
at which the displacement- and thermally-limited SPL ratings
are equal.
4.4 Analysis of Equalized Closed-Box System
Using an equalizer to extend the bass response of a closed-box
system does not come without costs. For each octave of bass
extension, a 12 dB boost is necessary (and requires 16 times as
much power).
To evaluate these costs, two equations are provided in the
EQUALIZER subdirectory: FREQresp and POWresp. These function
like their counterparts in the CB and PORTED subdirectories,
but take into account the effects of the equalizer.
Because I took the equations right out of the article [9]
without any optimization for speed, these equations run very
slowly. However, I left out the units wherever possible so
the equations would run faster.
FREQresp calculates the response of the equalizer, rather than
the system, to give you an idea of the amount of boost required
to equalize the system. The greatest boost occurs at the new
F3dB.
POWresp calculates the equivalent power handling of the
system. At each frequency, Pmax is reduced by the amount of
boost the equalizer provides. This is useful to see what the
power handling of an equivalent, unequalized system would be.
There is no equation for maximum SPL vs. frequency because it
is the same as the unequalized system.
5. Design Equations
Here are the equations used by the speaker design library. All
values have SI (mks) units. ^ denotes exponentiation. LOG() is base
10.
5.1 Contants
pi = 3.14159265359
c = speed of sound in air (345 m/s)
Ro = density of air (1.18 kg/m^3)
5.2 Closed-Box Systems
Vb = Vas/Vr
Fb = Qr/Qts
F3dB = Qr*Fs*((1/Qb^2-2+((1/Qb^2-2)^2+4)^0.5)/2)^0.5
Fmax = c/(pi*0.83*Dia)
dBpeak = 20*LOG(Amax)
Par = K1/Amax^2
Per = Par/(\Gno)
\Gno = 10^((SPL-112)/10)
PeakSPL = SPL+10*LOG(PEmax)
Sd = pi*(Dia*0.83)^2/4
Vd = Sd*xmax
Amax = Qb^2/(Qb^2-0.25)^0.5 for Qb >1/2^0.5, 1 otherwise
K1 = (4*pi^3*Ro/c)*Fb^4*Vd^2
K2 = 112+10*LOG(K1)
Vr = Qr^2-1
Qr = (1/Qts)/(1/Qb-0.1)
Frequency-dependant equations:
Fr = (F/Fb)^2
dBmag = 10*LOG(Fr^2/((Fr-1)^2+Fr/Qb^2))
Pmax = K1*((Fr-1)^2+Fr/Qb^2))/(\Gno)
SPLmax = K2+40*LOG(F/Fb)
Thermally-limited RMS SPL = PeakSPL+dBmag
5.3 Ported Box Systems
Vb = 20*Qts^3.3*Vas
Fb = (Vas/Vb)^0.31*Fs
F3dB = (Vas/Vb)^0.44*Fs
Fmax = c/(pi*0.83*Dia)
dBpeak = 20*LOG(Qts*(Vas/Vb)^0.3/0.4)
Par = 3*F3dB^4*Vd^2
Per = Par/(\Gno)
\Gno = 10^((SPL-112)/10)
PeakSPL = SPL+10*LOG(PEmax)
Dmin = (Fb*Vd)^0.5
Lv = 2362*Dv^2/(Fb^2*Vb)-0.73*Dv
Sd = pi*(Dia*0.83)^2/4
Vd = Sd*xmax
K1 = (4*pi^3*Ro/c)*Fs^4*Vd^2
K2 = 112+10*LOG(K1)
Frequency-dependent equations:
Fn2 = (F/Fs)^2
Fn4 = Fn2^2
A = (Fb/Fs)^2
B = A/Qts+Fb/(7*Fs)
C = 1+A+(Vas/Vb)+Fb/(7*Fs*Qts)
D = 1/Qts+Fb/(7*Fs)
E = (97/49)*A
dBmag = 10*LOG(Fn4^2/((Fn4-C*Fn2+A)^2+Fn2*(D*Fn2-B)^2))
Pmax = (K1/\Gno)*((Fn4-C*Fn2+A)^2+Fn2*(D*Fn2-B)^2)/(Fn4-E*Fn2+A^2)
SPLmax = K2+10*LOG(Fn4^2/(Fn4-E*Fn2+A^2))
Thermally-limited RMS SPL = PeakSPL+dBmag
END_DOC
BEGIN_MISC spkr.txt
[Last modified 21-Aug-91]
LOUDSPEAKERS TUTORIAL
by William K. McFadden
For the purposes of this discussion, an optimum enclosure is defined as
one that has no peak or droop in the passband response.
1. Power Ratings
The power rating of a driver is usually (but not always) specified
in watts RMS by the manufacturer. This is the continuous thermal
power rating of the driver. Exceeding this rating for more than a
moment will cause voice coil overheating, which can result in
warping or burn-out.
Speaker systems also have a displacement-limited power rating
(Per). This is the amount of power the system can take without
exceeding the absolute maximum voice coil displacement. Per is a
function of frequency and depends on the design of the enclosure.
Thus, it is meaningless for manufacturers to specify peak power
handling without also specifying the enclosure and the frequency
range.
At some frequencies, Per will exceed the thermal RMS power
rating. For continuous tones, the smaller of the two ratings
applies. For signals with large crest factors or low duty cycles,
Per applies, providing the average power does not exceed the
thermal rating. Per is calculated for sine waves, which have a 3
dB crest factor. The peak power rating at a given frequency is
therefore 2*Per.
REFERENCES:
[1] Hobbyist speaker building books, such as the one sold by Radio
Shack.
[2] L.L. Beranek, Acoustics (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1954).
[3] J.F. Novak, "Performance of Enclosures for Low-Resonance
High-Compliance Loudspeakers," J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 7, p 29 (Jan.
1959).
[4] A.N. Thiele, "Loudspeakers in Vented Boxes, Parts I and II," J.
Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 19, pp. 382-392 (1971 May); pp. 471-483 (1971
June).
[5] R.H. Small, "Direct-Radiator Loudspeaker System Analysis," J.
Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 20, pp. 383-395 (1972 June).
[6] R.H. Small, "Closed-Box Loudspeaker Systems," J. Audio Eng. Soc.,
vol. 20, pp. 798-808 (1972 Dec.); vol. 21, pp. 11-18 (1973 Jan./Feb.).
[7] R.H. Small, "Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems," J. Audio Eng. Soc.,
vol. 21, pp. 363-372 (1973 June); pp. 438-444 (1973 July/Aug.); pp.
549-554 (1973 Sept.); pp. 635-639 (1973 Oct.).
[8] G. Margolis and R. H. Small, "Personal Calculator Programs for
Approximate Vented-Box and Closed-Box Loudspeaker System Design," J.
Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 29, pp. 421-441 (1981 June); pp. 824 (1981
Nov.).
[9] W.M. Leach, Jr., "A Generalized Active Equalizer for Closed-Box
Loudspeaker Systems," J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 38, pp. 142-145 (March
1990).
[1] is useful as an introduction and has a lot of construction tips.
[2] is a the industry bible on acoustics. [3] is historically
significant, and is the foundation for [4]. [4] and [6] are the
landmark works on loudspeaker systems (you can't consider yourself
knowledgeable without having read them). [5] is background for [6],
and [7]. [7] updates the original work of [4]. [8] presents versions
of the equations of [4] through [7] suitable for programmable
calculators as well as example programs using them. [9] is a recent
paper that shows how to equalize closed-box systems to any desired
low-frequency cutoff. [3], [4], [5], [6], and [7] are reprinted in the
AES two-part "Loudspeakers" anthology.
END_MISC
BEGIN_RDME spkr.rdm
[Last modified: 6-Feb-92]
Speaker Design 3.2 files:
README: This file
spkr.doc: Instructions for use
spkr.txt: Loudspeakers tutorial
spkr.rpl: RPL Source code
BYTES #70F0h 8515
spkr.asc: ->ASC encoded binary (requires memory card to download)
BYTES #DFFDh 11522
spkr.uu: Uuencoded binary
BYTES #DFFDh 11522
END_RDME
BEGIN_RPL spkr.rpl
%%HP: T(3)A(R)F(.);
DIR
CB
DIR
FREQresp '
dBmag=Fresp'
POWresp.EQ {
'Pmax=Presp' PEmax
}
SPLresp.EQ {
'SPLmax=K2+40*LOG(F
/Fb)' 'PeakSPL+
Fresp' }
DESIGN.EQ { '
Vb=Vas/Vr' 'Fb=Qr*
Fs' 'F3dB=Qr*Fs*\v/((
1/Qb^2-2+\v/((1/Qb^2-
2)^2+4))/2)' '
dBpeak=20*LOG(Amax)
' 'Fmax=(345_m/s)/(
\pi*.83*Dia)' 'Amax=
IFTE(Qb>INV(\v/2),SQ(
Qb)/\v/(SQ(Qb)-.25),1
)' 'Vr=Qr^2-1' 'Qr=
1/Qts/(1/Qb-.1)' '
K1=(4*\pi^3*1.18_kg/m
^3)*Fb^4*Vd^2/345_m
/s' 'Par=K1/Amax^2'
'K2=112_dB+10*LOG(
UVAL(UBASE(K1)))' '
PeakSPL=SPL+10*LOG(
UVAL(UBASE(PEmax)))
' 'Per=Par/\Gno' '\Gno=
10^((SPL-112_dB)/10
)' 'Vd=Sd*xmax' 'Sd
=\pi*(Dia*.83)^2/4' }
Fresp
\<< F Fb / SQ
\-> Fr
\<< Fr DUP
SQ SWAP 1 - SQ Fr
Qb INV SQ * + / LOG
10 *
\>>
\>>
Presp
\<< F Fb / SQ
\-> Fr
\<< Fr 1 -
SQ Fr Qb INV SQ * +
K1 * \Gno / UBASE
\>>
\>>
Vas '10.7_ft^
3'
Qts .33
Fs '30_Hz'
PEmax '200_W'
SPL '95_dB'
Dia '18_in'
xmax '.216_in
'
Vb '
2.47875886772_ft^3'
Qb
.707106781188
Fb '
69.1737579888_Hz'
F3dB '
69.1737579886_Hz'
Fmax '
289.390925206_Hz'
dBpeak '0_dB'
Par '
3.73964138179_W'
Per '
187.42605189_W'
\Gno '
1.99526231497_
Percent'
PeakSPL '
118.010299957_dB'
Sd '
175.303697504_in^2'
Vd '
37.8655986609_in^3'
Amax 1
K1 '
3.73964138179_W'
K2 '
117.728299569_dB'
Vr
4.3166764381
Qr
2.30579193296
F '102.5_Hz'
dBmag '
-21.586698043_dB'
Pmax '
188.735789983_W'
SPLmax '
96.1718445896_dB'
Depth '7.75_
in'
Rdia '8.375_
in'
Xvol '.15_ft^
3'
Ratio
1.61803398875
EQ FREQresp
PPAR {
(0,-12) (200,6) F 0
(0,0) FUNCTION Y }
EQUALIZER
DIR
CIRCUIT
\<< RCLF
CLLCD 2 ENG "R1=" '
1.0824/(C1*\Gw1)'
\->NUM \->STR +
" R8 =" + '(1-k)/k
*R10' \->NUM \->STR + 1
DISP "R2=" '.9239/(
C1*\Gw1)' \->NUM \->STR +
" R9 =" + '(1-k)/
ABS(m)*R10' \->NUM
\->STR + 2 DISP "R3="
'2.613/(C2*\Gw1)'
\->NUM \->STR +
" R10 =" + R10 \->STR
+ 3 DISP "R4=" '
.3827/(C2*\Gw1)' \->NUM
\->STR + " R11 \>=" + '
2*n/(\Gw1*C3)' \->NUM
\->STR + 4 DISP "R5="
'ABS(m)*R6' \->NUM
\->STR + " C1-3=" + 1
ENG C \->STR + 5 DISP
2 ENG "R6=" R6 \->STR
+ " C4 \>=" + '2*n*
C3' \->NUM \->STR + 6
DISP "R7=" '1/(\Gw1*
C3)' \->NUM \->STR + 1
ENG " m= " + m
\->NUM \->STR + 7 DISP
3 FREEZE STOF
\>>
F3dB 16
R 33000
C .000001
n 25
FREQresp
'dBmag=20*LOG(ABS(A
(s)))'
POWresp '
Pmax=Presp/SQ(ABS(A
(s)))'
Presp
\<< F Fb
UBASE UVAL / SQ \->
Fr
\<< Fr
1 - SQ Fr Qb INV SQ
* + K1 * \Gno / UBASE
\>>
\>>
A
\<< \-> s '
1/(1-k)*(1-k*H1(s)+
m*(\Gw1/s)*H1(s))*H2(
s)'
\>>
H1
\<< \-> s '
(s/\Gw1)^2/((s/\Gw1)^2+
.7654*s/\Gw1+1)'
\>>
H2
\<< \-> s '
(s/\Gw1)^2/((s/\Gw1)^2+
1.8478*s/\Gw1+1)'
\>>
\Gw '2*\pi*F'
s 'i*\Gw'
\Gw1 '2*\pi*
F3dB'
\Gwc '2*\pi*
Fb/1_Hz'
k '1-(\Gw1/
\Gwc)^2'
m '\Gw1/(Qb
*\Gwc)-.7654'
C1 C
C2 C
C3 C
R6 R
R10 R
F 16
dBmag
22.434400121
Pmax '
1.07307789402_W'
EQ
FREQresp
PPAR {
(0,-6) (100,24) F 0
(0,0) FUNCTION
dBmag }
CST {
CIRCUIT F3dB R C n
}
END
CST { BCALC
EQUALIZER }
END
PORTED
DIR
FREQresp '
dBmag=Fresp'
POWresp.EQ {
'Pmax=Presp' PEmax
}
SPLresp.EQ {
'SPLmax=Sresp' '
PeakSPL+Fresp' }
DESIGN.EQ { '
Vb=20*Qts^3.3*Vas'
'Fb=(Vas/Vb)^.31*Fs
' 'F3dB=(Vas/Vb)^
.44*Fs' 'dBpeak=20*
LOG(Qts*(Vas/Vb)^.3
/.4)' 'Fmax=(345_m/
s)/(\pi*.83*Dia)' '\Gno
=10^((SPL-112)/10)'
'Sd=\pi*(Dia*.83)^2/4
' 'Vd=Sd*xmax' 'K1=
(4*\pi^3*1.18_kg/m^3)
*Fs^4*Vd^2/345_m/s'
'Par=(3_kg*s/m^4)*
F3dB^4*Vd^2' 'K2=
112_dB+10*LOG(UVAL(
UBASE(K1)))' '
PeakSPL=SPL+10*LOG(
UVAL(UBASE(PEmax)))
' 'Per=Par/\Gno' 'Lv=
(2362_m^2/s^2)*Dv^2
/(Fb^2*Vb)-.73*Dv'
'Dmin=\v/(Fb*Vd*1_s/m
)' }
Fresp
\<< F Fs / SQ
Fb Fs / SQ \-> Fn2 A
\<< A Qts /
Fb 7 / Fs / + 1 A +
Vas Vb / + Fb 7 /
Fs / Qts / + Qts
INV Fb 7 / Fs / + \->
B C D
\<< Fn2
SQ DUP SQ SWAP C
Fn2 * - A + SQ D
Fn2 * B - SQ Fn2 *
+ / LOG 10 *
\>>
\>>
\>>
Presp
\<< F Fs / SQ
DUP SQ Fb Fs / SQ
DUP 97 * 49 / \-> Fn2
Fn4 A E
\<< A Qts /
Fb 7 / Fs / + 1 A +
Vas Vb / + Fb 7 /
Fs / Qts / + Qts
INV Fb 7 / Fs / + \->
B C D
\<< K1 \Gno
/ Fn4 E Fn2 * - A
SQ + / Fn4 C Fn2 *
- A + SQ D Fn2 * B
- SQ Fn2 * + *
UBASE
\>>
\>>
\>>
Sresp
\<< F Fs / SQ
Fb Fs / SQ DUP 97 *
49 / \-> Fn2 A E
\<< Fn2 DUP
SQ DUP SQ SWAP ROT
E * - A SQ + / LOG
10 * K2 +
\>>
\>>
Vas '10.7_ft^
3'
Qts .33
Fs '30_Hz'
PEmax '200_W'
SPL '95_dB'
Dia '18_in'
xmax '.216_in
'
Vb '
5.51454614187_ft^3'
Fb '
36.8436116154_Hz'
F3dB '
40.1592705693_Hz'
Fmax '
289.390925206_Hz'
dBpeak '
5.63229874882E-2_dB
'
Par '
3.00439114363_W'
Per '
150.576248601_W'
\Gno '
1.99526231497_
Percent'
PeakSPL '
118.010299957_dB'
Dmin '
5.95278736648_in'
Dv '6_in'
Lv '
5.80912890373_in'
Sd '
175.303697504_in^2'
Vd '
37.8655986609_in^3'
K1 '
.132296847403_W'
K2 '
103.215494952_dB'
F '50_Hz'
dBmag '
-21.2138986833_dB'
Pmax '
29.8704846312_W'
SPLmax '
88.5385240051_dB'
Depth '7.75_
in'
Rdia '8.375_
in'
Xvol '.2_ft^3
'
Ratio
1.61803398875
EQ FREQresp
PPAR {
(0,-12) (200,6) F 0
(0,0) FUNCTION Y }
CST { BCALC }
END
BCALC
\<< BDISP { {
"DEPTH"
\<< Depth OBJ\->
SWAP DROP \->UNIT
'Depth' STO BDISP
\>> } { "RDIA"
\<< Rdia OBJ\->
SWAP DROP \->UNIT
'Rdia' STO BDISP
\>> } { "XVOL"
\<< Xvol OBJ\->
SWAP DROP \->UNIT
'Xvol' STO BDISP
\>> } { "GOLD"
\<< '(\v/5+1)/2'
EVAL 'Ratio' STO
BDISP
\>> } {
"1.25:1"
\<< 1.25
'Ratio' STO BDISP
\>> } { "CUST"
\<< 'Ratio' STO
BDISP
\>> } } TMENU
\>>
BDISP
\<< .9 Dia * 2 /
Rdia 2 / \-> r1 r2
\<< Depth r1 *
r1 r2 - / \-> h1
\<< h1 Depth
- \-> h2
\<< 'VOL(r1
,h1)-VOL(r2,h2)'
EVAL \-> dvol
\<<
"Dia:" Dia \->STR DUP
SIZE 1 - 2 SWAP SUB
+ " RDia:" + Rdia
\->STR DUP SIZE 1 - 2
SWAP SUB + 1 DISP
"Driver depth:"
Depth \->STR + 2 DISP
"Extra vol:" Xvol
\->STR + 3 DISP "Vt:"
Vb dvol + Xvol +
\->STR + " R:" +
Ratio \->STR + 4 DISP
Vb Xvol + dvol + 3
XROOT \-> w
\<<
"Inside H:" w
Ratio * \->STR + 5
DISP "Dimen- W:" w
\->STR + 6 DISP
"sions D:" w
Ratio / \->STR + 7
DISP 3 FREEZE
\>>
\>>
\>>
\>>
\>>
\>>
VOL
\<< \-> r h '\pi/3*r^
2*h'
\>>
Percent .01
CST { CB PORTED }
END
END_RPL
From: bill@tv.tv.tek.com (Bill McFadden)
Newsgroups: comp.sources.hp48
Subject: v03i036: spkr_3.2 - Speaker Design Equations v3.2, Part02/02
Date: 17 Feb 92 14:45:52 GMT
Followup-To: comp.sys.hp48
Organization: Univ. of North Carolina @ Wilmington
Checksum: 4234289547 (verify with brik -cv)
Submitted-by: Bill McFadden <bill@tv.tv.tek.com>
Posting-number: Volume 3, Issue 36
Archive-name: spkr_3.2/part02