TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Pages

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

2.0 ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND 2

2.1 History of DBKU 2
2.2 Organization chart 3
2.3 Mission and Vision 3

3.0 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING ACTIVITIES 4

3.1 MORPHOLOGY 4
3.1.1 Tecoma 5
3.1.2 Cempaka Kuning 7
3.1.3 Salam 9
3.1.4 Bungor 11

3.2 MATURITY PERIOD OF FROM FLOWERS TO MATURED FRUITS 13

3.2.1 Tecoma 13
3.2.2 Bungor 16
3.2.3 Results of the maturation period 18

3.3 COLLECTION OF SEEDS 19

3.3.1 Seed collection 19
3.3.2 The process of separation of seeds 20

3.4 GERMINATION OF SEEDS 24

3.4.1 Preparation of planting medium 24
3.4.2 Preparation of the nursery base 25
3.4.3 Sowing seeds 27

3.5 RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS OF SEED GERMINATION 28

3.5.1 The growth stage of young plants 28
3.5.2 Factors affecting Cempaka does not grow well 29
3.5.3 Factors causing Salam did not germinate 30
3.5.4 The average height of young plants 31
3.5.5 The growth rate of young plants 32

4.0 BENEFITS GAINED FROM TRAINING 34

5.0 SUGGESTION 34

6.0 CONCLUSION 35

7.0 APPENDIX

8.0 REFERENCE
1.0 INTRODUCTION

In industrial training, each of us has been given 4 types of trees. The trees will be studied
morphology, maturity, seed collection and germination

Collection and germination of seeds are the two things are related, in which seed is
collected, and so the seeds will be in seed germination and studied. That is the main task that
we need to do during training DBKU Industry. There are also additional activities that
examine seed maturity and determine the morphology tree.

The morphology of these trees is important to know the characteristics of a tree. Each tree
has different characteristics. Features can be seen in terms of shape, leaves, height, seed size,
and so forth. Through morphological trees, we can also distinguish a tree

Research seed maturity is important to know the period of time taken for the flower to
matured fruits.

Collecting seeds is not only to the extent collected. It will go through the process of
separation between the fruits and seeds. The separation process depends on the type of tree.
Some trees do not require separation of seed plants such as Tecoma, Bungor. Meanwhile, the
Salam and Cempaka requires separation.

Germination of seeds is where the seeds germinate into seedlings. During the germination
process is to be recorded and studied. The results showed differences in terms of height, leaf
number, and a growing number of young trees.
2.0 ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND

2.1 History of DBKU

Kuching was conferred a city status on 1st August 1988, making it the second
Malaysian's city after Kuala Lumpur. Due to its vastness the city was divided into two
administrative areas: namely north and south. The City of Kuching North
Commission or Dewan Bandaraya
Kuching Utara (DBKU), in Malay,
administrates the northern part and the
Councils of Kuching South or Majlis
Bandaraya Kuching Selatan (MBKS)
the southern part.At its establishment,
DBKU started with only eight
personnel on its payroll in August
1988. DBKU now (2008) has 1,007
personnel under its employment
comprises; 35 full time professionals
and administrative staff, 696 support
staff and 276 daily paid workers. The first Mayor was Datu Dr. Yusoff Haji Hanifah
(1988-1994), the second was Datu Haji Awang Ehsan Joini (1995 - 2000), the third
was Tn. Haji Madehi Haji Kolek (2001- 2004), the fourth was Datu Abdul Hamid b.
Mohd. Yusoff (2005-2007) and the current mayor is YBhg. Tuan Haji Mohamad Atei
Abang Medaan. Since its inception DBKU has been developing the city in line with
its vision, into a cultured, clean and well-planned city so that its inhabitants can be
proud of it. As the capital and gateway of Sarawak, DBKU endeavours to make
Kuching a clean city to promote a good image of Sarawak, especially to foreign
visitors. Kuching City is populated by people of many ethnic groups; namely the
Malays, Chinese, Iban, Bidayuh and Melanau each with their different cultural
backgrounds making Kuching as an interesting ethnics showcase to tourists both
foreign and local. Kuching City also has many parks and historical landmarks.
 2.2 ORGANIZATION CHART

2.3 MISSION AND VISSION

Mission- An Attractive, Cultured, Clean and Safe City

Vission- To enhance the quality of life of our community through excellent delivery
of services
3.0 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING ACTIVITIES

3.1 MORPHOLOGY

Plant morphology "represents a study of the development, form, and structure of

plants, and, by implication, an attempt to interpret these on the basis of similarity of
plan and origin." There are three major areas of investigation in plant morphology,
and each overlaps with another field of the biological sciences.

First of all, morphology is comparative, meaning that the morphologist examines

structures in many different plants of the same or different species, then draws
comparisons and formulates ideas about similarities. When structures in different
species are believed to exist and develop as a result of common, inherited genetic
pathways, those structures are termed homologous. Secondly, plant morphology
observes both the vegetative (somatic) structures of plants, as well as the reproductive
structures. The vegetative structures of vascular plants includes the study of the shoot
system, composed of stems and leaves, as well as the root system. The reproductive
structures are more varied, and are usually specific to a particular group of plants,
such as flowers and seeds, fern sori, and moss capsules. The detailed study of
reproductive structures in plants led to the discovery of the alternation of generations
found in all plants and most algae. This area of plant morphology overlaps with the
study of biodiversity and plant systematics.

Thirdly, plant morphology studies plant structure at a range of scales. At the

smallest scales are ultrastructure, the general structural features of cells visible only
with the aid of an electron microscope, and cytology, the study of cells using optical
microscopy. At this scale, plant morphology overlaps with plant anatomy as a field of
study. At the largest scale is the study of plant growth habit, the overall architecture
of a plant. The pattern of branching in a tree will vary from species to species, as will
the appearance of a plant as a tree, herb, or grass.
3.1.1 Tecoma

Scientific name: Tabebuia rosea

Common name: Tecoma
Famili: Bignoniaceae

A
D

E F

Figure 1:(A) tecoma, (B) Flower (C) Leaf (D) Seeds (E) Immature fruits(F) the
mature fruits
Scientific name: Tabebuia rosea

Common name: Tecoma pink or white tecoma

Family: Bignoniaceae

Origin: West Indies, Central and South America Division

Size and height: The height of 5-12 meters

Form: Very interesting. there are five petals of flower, soft seeds, fruits, such
as extending its long beans.

Texture: The surface of the leaves in the leaf pile and smooth.

Colors: white or pink flowers. Immature green fruit, and the fissure itself as
easy to fly if seed matchured. (see figure 1)

Cultural: Rapid growth, suitable for all types of land, bred by seed.

Landscapes Note: This plant flowers and seeds quickly remove her quickly
maturing, suitable for planting in the street and parks.

Uses: Used as ornamental and shade trees.

.

.
3.1.2 Cempaka

Scientifik Name: Michelia Champaka Linn.

Common name: Cempaka kuning
Famili: Magnoliaceae

E F

Figure 2:(A) Cempaka, (B) Flower(C) Leaf (D) Seeds(E) immature fruits (F) The
mature fruits
Scientific name: Michelia Linn champaka

Common name: yellow Cempaka

Family: Magnoliaceae

Origin: India

Size and height: The height of 4-6 meters

Shape: oval fruit

Texture: coarse fruit, seeds smooth

Color: red fruit when mature. Yellow flowers. (See figure 2)

Cultural: bred by seed,

Note landscapes: Can live in any land, but more suitable for planting in sandy

soil for the germination stage. \

Uses: Can be used as a fragrance house, car or anywhere

3.1.3 Salam

Scientifik name: Euginia polyantha

Common name Salam,serah,kayu,
Famili: Mytaceae

A
D

E F
\

Figure 3:(A) Salam, (B) Flower(C) Leaf (D) seed (E) immature fruits(F) the mature
fruits
Scientific name: Eugenia polyantha

Common name: Salam, serah kayu

Family: Mytaceae

Origin : bay tree usually grows in the bushing lowland areas

Size and height: 5-10 meters high

Form : Flower her less attractive, beautiful as the season mature globular, size

0.8-1.0cm pieces.

Texture: smooth fruit, seed a little rough. Upper and lower leaf surfaces

smooth.

Color: white small flowers are yellow and the fruits green if immature and the

red fruits if mature (See Figure 3)

Cultural : bred by seed.

Landscapes Note: Flowering of each year, taking a long time to mature.

Uses: Used as ornament, its fruit can be eaten when cooked

.
3.14 Bungor

Scientific name: Lagerstromia specioasa

Common name: Bungor pink
Famili: Lythraceae

A
D

E F

Figure 4:(A) Bungor, (B) Flower(C) leaf (D) Seeds (E) Immature fruits(F) The
mature fruits
Scientific name: Lagerstromia speciosa (L.flos-reginae)

Family: Lythraceae

Origin: India to Australia, Malaysia from north

Size and height: medium tree large (15m).

Shape: Attracting the heavy flowering. , Globular fruit the size of 2-3 cm, 4-6

cm wide leaves and leaves 12-14cm long

Texture: The surface of the leaves a little rough and the smooth

Colors: pink or purple flowers. and there are six petals. Green fruit (Fig. 4e) if

not cooked and brown when ripe (Figure 4F)

Cultural: bred by seed, suitable for planting in open areas with adequate

lighting. Soil mixture (1: 1) sand, coconut peat

Landscapes Note: Flowering of each year, the flowering date was still under

review.

Uses: shade and ornamental trees.

3.2 MATURITY PERIOD OF TREE SEED

This study requires a more careful observation. To study the period of time taken for
the fowers to turn into fruits. And to find out the time taken for the fruits to be
matured. Besides that, it can facilitate the collection of seeds.

3.2.1 Tecoma

Sc ientific name : Tebebuia rosea

Common name: Tecoma
Area: Lorong Stapok,Jalan Taza,Kuching Sarawak

Date Picture Notes

First Week
27.7.10 -Choosing a flower from a
(Tuesday) tree and took picture of it.
Within every week,
observation was done on
the process to know for
how long does the flower to
change into fruits.

Second Week
3.8.10 - flowers fall, but did not
(Tuesday) produce fruit.
Third week -Tecoma trees produce a lot
10.8.10- of flower. Flowers observed
(Tuesday) previously undetectable

- forced to review this week

to see how long the flowers
into fruits.

Fourth Week
18.8.10 - - Tecoma flowers are not as
(Wednesday) much last week. Flowering
plants have to be autumn

-3 Seeds like in the picture

was taken on a different
tree to accelerate research
on seed maturity.
Fifth week of -No changes, still not
24.8.10 produce fruits
(Tuesday)
-Similarly, the third-seed, it
is still immature

Sixth Week - Finally, tecoma flower has

1.9.10 been producing fruit, just
(Wednesday) waiting for the mature fruit.

- 3 seed in the other trees

have matured

Seventh week -Tecoma-seed is still no

7.9.10 change.
(Tuesday) -Still not mature
 Eight Week -Seed has matured
14.9.10
(Tuesday)

1.1.1 Bungor
Scientific name: Lagerstromia speciosa
Common name: Bungor
Area: Lorong Stapok,Jalan Taza,Kuching Staza

Date Picture Notes

First Week - Choosing a flower from a

27.7.10 tree and took picture of it.
(Tuesday)
Within every week,
observation was done on
the process to know for
how long does the flower
to change into fruits.
Second Week - Flowers have turn into
3.8.10 fruit, but not completely.
(Tuesday)

-The flowers turn into fruit

Third week
completely.
10.8.10-
(Tuesday)
-Just waiting for mature
fruits.

Fourth Week
- No change. Fruits still
not immature
18.8.10 -
(Wednesday)

-Still no changes.
Fifth week of
24.8.10
(Tuesday)
 -still no changes
Sixth Week
1.9.10
(Wednesday)

-still no changes
Seventh week
7.9.10
(Tuesday)

Eight week
14.9.10 Still no change
(Tuesday)

3.2.2 Results of the seed maturation period

 Tecoma quickly produce flowers and fruits. But not all flower will
produce fruits.
 Bungor flowers quickly became fruits and most flowering plants
produce fruits
 Tecoma fruits mature faster than bungor, fruits maturity tecoma
only take 2-3 weeks. But Bungor take a long time. It is still
immature.
3.3 COLLECTION OF SEED

A seedling is a young plant saprophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed.
Seedling development starts with germination of the seed. A typical young seedling
consists of three main parts: the radicle (embryonic root), the hypocotyls (embryonic
shoot), and the cotyledons (seed leaves). The seeds will be collected and eventually
planted. The process of collecting seeds is almost the same as using the same
equipment and methods.

3.3.1 Seed collection

3.3.1.1 Equipment to collect seeds

There are three types of seed collection. Among them were

collected from the ground, quoting from the trees under 5 meter
and collect goods for more than 5 meters. Collect of the land
referred to is, the seeds can be taken out of the ground like a
Salam. Trees that can be collected from trees less than 5 meters is
Cempaka, as well as the Salam because the height of the tree
Salam and Cempaka not exceed 5 meters above and it is easy seed
collection. Many mature trees tecoma than 5 meters above. This
difficult process of collecting seeds for the mature seeds tecoma
because are also always on high.

3.3.1.2 The collection of seeds

Before collecting seeds, location and travel must be planned.

Provide equipment that will be used seeds as long scissors, scissors
short, plastic, pole, and cameras. While collecting, selecting seeds
that have matured and suitable for sowing. The higher seed has
been taken using a long pair of scissors. Meanwhile, the lower
seeds are taken by hand or cut short. Then be inserted into the
 plastic that has been provided. Was taking pictures during the run
and make the collection of entry to insert into the report.

3.3.2 The process of separation of seeds

Segregation is the separation of seed or division of the fruits and seeds.

Seeds that have been separated shall be the seed that is truly ripe, in good
condition and suitable for planting. Some seeds of the different separation
processes, as well as the four species of trees that have been assigned to
us. Below shows the separation of the four tree species;

3.3.2.1 Cempaka

Cempaka will be collected when the fruit is ripe. Figure 5: (A)

shows that a mature fruit Cempaka. (B), Fruit Cempaka made after
splitting. Seeds in it has to pull the skin up to reveal black seeds
like (figure C) and the black seed is to be sown, (Figure (C): The
seeds that will produce goods Cempaka .

C
Cempaka separation process

1. Cempaka dried fruit and cut in

half using scissors

2. Seeds in the middle layer that is ready

was isolated and need to split the
soaked to make it easier for get seeds.
Then the seed is to be sown.

3. The seeds will be immersed in a fungicide

4. Seeds were dried for few minutes

5. Sowing seeds in the container

nursery provided
3.3.2.2 Tecoma

Tecoma fruit seed-like shape elongated long bean. Fruit mature

will be open by itself. These seeds do not need to make the process
of its isolation because it can be planted directly.

Figure 6(a): Immature fruits Figure 6(b): The mature seeds

Figure 6(c): These seeds will produce

of tecoma tree

3.3.2.3 Bungor

Bungor seeds as tecoma it light and easy to fly. It is its round

shape and dark brown color and the fruit will split when ripe.

Figure 7 (a): the picture show Figure 7(b): These seeds will
is the maturity of the fruit produce of Bungor tree
and cracking bungor
1.1.1.1 Salam

1 Dried fruit.
2. Separating the fruit from the branches
3. Fruit Salam have been soaked to facilitate separation of seeds
and fruit Salam.
4. The seeds will be immersed in a fungicide
5. Next will be planted in a container nursery provided
3.4 GERMINATION OF SEEDS

3.4.1 Preparation of planting medium

.
Medium nursery using the mixing ratio was introduced by John Innes.
Materials to be used is a mixture of peat soils and sand. Coconut peat is
best used for medium to retain moisture, improve soil structure and
drainage. On the boat it can reduce soil compaction, and the independent
effects of chemicals. The ratio used is the nursery media (1:1) sand:
coconut peat

Coconut peat
Sand

Figure 8(a) : The ratio used is the nursery media (1:1)

sand: coconut peat

Method:

1. Use 2 parts of the land as shown above, 1 part coconut peat and 1 part
sand (1:1), preferably clear all the material on cement;

2. Mix the mixture by turning using a shovel. It should be done by a few

times to mix a smooth / uniform.
 Figure 8(b) : The picture above shows the mixed medium
nursery

3.4.2 Preparation of the nursery base

Nursery is a place of seed sowing the seeds of which have been cited
previously. The rate of germination of seeds will be recorded for research
on the tree. Below shows the method of making container nursery will be
used;

Equipment / materials

• Container
• hole punch
• The seeds that have been processed
• Ruler
• Marker
• Soil mixture (1:1)
Method of making nursery base

1. Benchmark basins to create a hole

2. Punched a hole to drain the already

marked.

3. Ready punched holes were filled

with soil mixture. Peat, sand
(1:1)

4. Former nursery should be watered

completed before sowing seeds.
3.4.3 Sowing seeds

The selection of seed should be done thoroughly before sowing. Seeds

should be selected is properly before seeding .The selection of seeds shall
be based on:

 The seeds have to be thoroughly pure seed;

 The seeds should be free from diseases or pests;
 The seeds should not have any injuries
 Seeds of ripe fruit and the fruit instead of fruit beginning mid or
late fruit

The purpose of this seed was sown to investigate the rate of growth of
seeds, such as differences in height, leaf number, number of trees that
grow in the four tree species at the specified time period.
3.5 RESULT AND OBSERVATION

3.5.1 The growth stage of young plants

Trees that have been sown, will be observed from day to day. From seed,
until the young plants, becoming a large tree. However, in our study is to
observe the seeds to seedlings immediately. Because the research was only
for 2 months. Below shows the growth of young trees and bungor
tecoma. Cempaka tree growth is not shown because of Cempaka do not
grow well and Salam did not germinate at all.
First day

7-8 weeks
4-6 days

THE
GROWTH
STAGE OF
TECOMA 11-13 days
3-4 weeks

18-20 days 15-17 days

Figure 9(a): The picture above shows the growth in the past 2 months
tecoma
Observations of Tecoma : Tecoma has 6 levels of growth. Growth process
of seeds to the young plants very fast. Just take a few weeks.
 THE GROWTH STAGE OF BUNGOR

1st days 14-16 days 3-4 weeks 7-8 weeks

Figure9(b) : The picture above shows the growth in the past 2

month bungor

Observations of Bungor: Bungor has 4 levels of growth. The Bungor

process is very slow compared to growth tecoma.

3.5.2 FACTORS AFFECTING CEMPAKA DOES NOT GROW WELL

Cempaka germination increased at first, but was dropped in the end, It is

caused by the many trees withered due to lack of water and insect attack.
resistance of seedlings is very low. seeds are not suitable for planting in
the medium(1:1) of sand and coconut peat. Cempaka tree seed is a lot of
maturity and easily collected, then, replanting has been done. The results
of this replanting will not be recorded. Just look at whether growing or
not. Replanting is to use a different medium than before, simply using
only sand medium.

Figure 10(a): Figure 10(a):

Before After
replanting,Cem replanting,
paka cannot Cempaka grow
grow well well
3.5.3 FACTORS CAUSING SALAM DID NOT GERMINATE

Seeds do not grow because the seeds are very sensitive Salam, moldy
easily. Environmental conditions is one factor causing this moldy seed. I
tried to make replanting, but because the seeds are ripe hard to find. In
addition, this tree is planted only a few places around Kuching.

Figure 11(a): Salam tree did

not germinate
3.5.4 The average height of young plants

Each species has different rates of height. Tecoma faster than Bungor,
Salam and Cempaka. While the number of leaves produced by bungor is
faster than other trees. Under the table and graph shows the height
differences for the four tree species for a period of 8 weeks.

Height (cm)
Weeks Tecoma Cempaka Jambu Laut Bungor
1 1 0 0 0
2 3 0 0 0.5
3 5 0.5 0 1
4 7 1 0 2
5 8 1.5 0 3
6 9 2 0 3.5
7 10 3 0 4
8 11 4 0 5

Height The average height of young plants

(cm)

12

10

8
Tecoma
6 Cempaka

4 Salam
Bungor
2

0
3.5.5 The growth rate of young plant

The growth rate of seedlings is very important to be recorded and

investigated as to determine how many seedlings are grown in a period of
eight weeks. Table and graph below shows the results of growth the four
species of tree. The graph below shows that almost all of its growth rate
rising initially, and the decrease at the end.

The number of young plants germinate

Weeks Tecoma Cempaka Salam Bungor
1 19 0 0 0
2 63 0 0 26
3 58 11 0 30
4 58 20 0 30
5 57 13 0 29
6 55 8 0 29
7 55 4 0 26
8 53 4 0 26

The growth rate of young plants for eight week

70
The number of young plant germinate

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
First Second Third Fourt Fifth Sixth Seventh Eight
week week week week week week week week

Tecoma Cempaka Salam Bungor

 Tecoma tree is one tree that grows easily and rapidly growing, as
opposed to trees and bungor Cempaka. Cempaka and bungor also take a long
time to grow. After completing this research almost 2 month, we have moved
young plants into a polybag. This is because we want to see the young plant
grow well. Planting medium use is 3:1 (soil, sand).

Figure 12a): The picture above shows the seedlings were

transferred to polybags
4.0 BENEFITS GAINED FROM TRAINING

There are many advantages gained from the training Industry, the advantage gained is a lot of
experience, work in an office environment, the nursery is also a new experience for me.
Using "sky life" to shoot and fruit seeds is one experience I would not be forgotten.

In addition to experience, it can also increase students' knowledge about breeding, soil
mix, morphology of trees, collecting seeds, maturity, germination and plant.

Through this industry also taught me the meaning of independence in which, we are
only at the task and performed by our own. However, we feel good because the results of our
own.

In addition, industry training to improve understanding of the collection and

germination of seeds. Indirectly have caused my interest in this field.

5.0 SUGGESTION

 Provide transport for students to go to the site each week to review the maturity of
seed

 Complete equipment, particularly equipment for the collection of seeds of trees such
as ladder, sharp scissors and a longer

 In the appropriate place to store seeds is also very important, because the seeds can be
damaged, moldy, and so forth.

 The green house also needs to be improved because of the many leaks in the roof of
the laboratory; it also affects the newly sown seeds and young seedlings
6.0 CONCLUSION

The conclusion of all aspects of the industry training activities carried out in terms of
morphology, maturity period of from flowers to matured fruits. Collection and germination
of seeds.

Each tree has a different morphology in terms of size, height, shape, teksture, colors
and so forth. For the maturity of tree seeds, tecoma also quickly produce flowers, seeds. The
time taken for the fruits to be matured only take 2-3 weeks. But the number of leaves bungor
faster than tecoma. For the seeds collection, the hardest seeds to be collected is the Tecoma,
because the seed is easy to fly. It is almost high and difficult to take it. For Cempaka and
Salam seeds are most easily collected because the tree is low altitude. The results of
germination of seeds showed Tecoma trees sprout more quickly, easily grown from the
Salam, Cempaka and bungor.
8. 0 REFERENCE

 Maria Magdeline: Buku latihan Industri: Tanaman Hiasan (2005) /DBKU/HRM

 http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology

 P.H. Raven, R.F. Evert, S.E. Eichhorn (2004): Biology of Plants, 7th Edition, W.H.
Freeman and Company Publishers, New York.

 Harold C. Bold, C. J. Alexopoulos, and T. Delevoryas. Morphology of Plants and Fungi,

5th ed., page 3. (New York: Harper-Collins, 1987).