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Predisposing Factors: Precipitating Factors:

Sex; Race; Age; Lifestyle


Seasonal Trend Environment
Streptococcus pneumoniae

Normal flora in the nasopharynx invades other organs Foreign bacteria inhaled from an infected carrier

Bacteria pass through the lower respiratory tract


S/Sx: cough, inflammation, fever,
C nausea & vomiting, rapid-shallow Invasion into the lungs
O breathing, diaphoresis
N Adhesion to the endothelial cells of the alveoli
G
E
S Rapid replication of the bacteria due to virulence factors
T (presence of capsule polysaccharides causing resistance from phagocytes)
I
O
N Stimulation of inflammatory chemical mediators (cytokine, interleukin, histamine)

Increased vascular permeability

Increase secretion of fluids, RBCs, and neutrophils S/Sx:


RED HEPATIZATION ↑RBC & neutrophils
Arrival of inflammatory exudates

Accumulation of WBCs & macrophages S/Sx:


GRAY HEPATIZATION ↑WBC count & (+) Pus
Purulent exudates remain

COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
RESOLUTION
Complete regeneration of alveolar Autolysis
epithelium without residual scar formation
Decreased bacterial Release of
clearance pneumolysin, H2O2
Treatment:
1. Antibacterial drugs
Necrosis of lung
2. Nebulization
parenchyma
3. O2 administration Cytotoxic effects
4. Mucolytics
5. Nasal
decongestants Death of body’s normal cells

Septic shock

GOOD PROGNOSIS DEATH

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