The following provides two brief samples of summaries currently in preparation for the

sources listed in the master list. Unlisted are the accompanying ideas or synthesized
suggestions for members of the Workgroup to use and apply these documents’ findings
(These will be completed upon my further understanding of the needs and roles of the
Workgroup members). Note: Some sources are accessible via hyperlink on the first listed
name, but most are inaccessible without authorization. Contact me if you would like to
access a specific source; curatm@u.washington.edu.

Sample Summaries

Fliegelman, Jessica E. "The next generation of greenwash: diminishing consumer

confusion through a national eco-labeling program." Fordham Urban Law Journal 37.4
(2010): 1001+. LegalTrac. Web. 20 Jan. 2011.

Consumers influence green production by buying eco-labeled products. It is

important to prevent greenwashing in order to maintain consumer trust. The Federal
Trade Commission has some power in restricting greenwashing under its Deception
Policy. Several court rulings uphold the constitutionality of these restrictions. Third
parties such as Green Seal and Green Cross as well as the FTC’s Green Guides help
increase voluntary eco-labeling, but government-backed eco-labels like Energy Star have
been very recognizable and effective. However, these usually lack the force of law,
scientific specificity, national uniformity, enforcement, and updated terminology. A joint
agency approach between the FTC and EPA is suggested and could go on to provide
certification and eco-labels to carbon offset providers.

Lewinsohn-Zamir, Daphna. "Consumer preferences, citizen preferences, and the

provision of public goods." Yale Law Journal 108.2 (1998): 377. LegalTrac.

There is evidence that individuals behave differently as consumers than they do as

citizens; although they may express others-regarding civically through voting or
vocalizing support for certain ideas, they often behave in a self-interested manner in a
private market. The nature of the consumed goods is key in determining which role an
individual will adopt. Private goods are those that can only be consumed by one person
(ex: food, electronics, residences) while public goods are enjoyed by many people (ex:
roads, public schools, etc.) Conventional economics’ explanation of private markets’
failure to provide public goods rests on individuals’ preference to receive benefits
without paying for them (the Prisoner’s Dilemma). However, given adequate
communication, individuals are far more likely to contribute and behave cooperatively.
The author proposes an Assurance Game theory that purports to re-prioritize individual
preference when communication is allowed. Evidence for this theory’s viability is found
in data supporting claims that perceived efficacy of collective actions is correlated with
willingness to cooperate.
Master List

Gutman, Benjamin N. "Ethical eating: applying the Kosher food regulatory regime to
organic food." Yale Law Journal108.8 (1999): 2351-2384. LegalTrac.

Black, Dorothy J. "International trade v. environmental protection: the case of the U.S.
embargo on Mexican tuna."Law and Policy in International Business 24.1 (1992): 123-
156. LegalTrac.

Kysar, Douglas A. "Preferences for processes: the process/product distinction and the
regulation of consumer choice." Harvard Law Review 118.2 (2004): 525-642. LegalTrac.

Salzman, James. "Sustainable consumption and the law." Environmental Law 27.4
(1997): 1243-1293. LegalTrac.

McGarity, Thomas O. "The complementary roles of common law courts and federal
agencies in producing and using policy-relevant scientific information.
(Symposium)." Environmental Law 37.4 (2007): 1027+. LegalTrac.

Psychological

Knutson, Brian, Scott Rick, Elliott Wimmer, Drazen Prelec and George Loewenstein.
“Neural Predictors of Purchases” Neuron 53, 147-156. January 4, 2007.

Hilton, Matthew. Prosperity for All: Consumer Activism in an Era of Globalization,

Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 2009.

Erk, Susanne, Manfred Spitzer, Arthur P. Wunderich, Lars Galley and Henrik Walter.
“Cultural objects modulate reward circuitry” NeuroReport 13, 18, 2499-2503. December
20, 2002.

Mast, Fred W., Gerald Zaltman. “A behavioral window on the mind of the market: An
application of the response time paradigm” Brain Research Bulletin 67, 422-427. July 5,
2005.

Schaefer, Michael and Michael Rotte. “Favorite brands as cultural objects modulate
reward circuit” NeuroReport 18(2), 141-145. January 22, 2007.

Bearden, William O. and Michael J. Etzel. “Reference Group Influence on Product and
Brand Purchase Decisions” Journal of Consumer Research 9(2), 183-194. September,
1982.

Lin, Ching-Hung, Hsu-Ping Tuan and Yao-Chu Chiu. “Medial Frontal Activity in Brand-
Loyal Consumers: A Behavior and Near-Infrared Ray Study” Journal of Neuroscience,
Psychology, and Economics 3(2) 59-73. 2010.

Gobel, Markus, Andrea Schneider and Tobias Thomas. “Consumption Behavior and the
Aspiration for Conformity and Consistency” Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and
Economics 3(2) 83-94. 2010.

Nir, Arad. “A Behavioral Model of Consumption Patterns: The Effects of Cognitive

Dissonance and Conformity” Tilburg University Discussion Paper CentER. May 2004.

Griskevicus, Vladas, Joshua M. Tybur, Bram Van den Bergh. “Going Green to Be Seen:
Status, Reputation, and Conspicuous Conservation” Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology 98(3) 392-404. 2010.

Bamberg, Sebastian. “How does environmental concern influence specific

environmentally related behaviors? A new answer to an old question” Journal of
Environmental Psychology 23, 21-32. 2003.

Fransson, Niklas and Tommy Garling. “Environmental Concern: Conceptual Definitions,

Measurement Methods, and Research Findings” Journal of Environmental Psychology
19, 369-382. 1999.

Griffin, Em. “Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura” from A First Look at
Communication Theory, Chapter 31. McGraw-Hill.

Berheim, Douglas. “A Theory of Conformity” Journal of Political Economy 102(5), 841-

877. October 1994.

Bikhchandani, Sushil, David Hirshleifer and Ivo Welch. “A Theory of Fads, Fashion,
Custom, and Cultural Change as Informational Cascades” Journal of Political Economy
100(5), 992-1026. October 1992.

Cole, Harold L., George J. Mailath and Andrew Postlewaite. “Social Norms, Savings
Behavior, and Growth” Journal of Political Economy 100(6) 1092-1125. December 1992.

Peters, Ellen, Nathan F. Dieckmann, Daniel Vastfjall, C.K. Mertz, Paul Slovic and Judith
H. Hibbard. “Bringing Meaning to Numbers: The Impact of Evaluative Categories on
Decisions” Journal of Experimental Psychology 15(3), 213-227. 2009.

Bettman, James R. “Relationship of Information-Processing Attitude Structures to Private

Brand Purchasing Behavior” Journal of Applied Psychology 59(1), 79-83. 1974.

Verplanken, Bas and Rob W. Holland. “Motivated Decision Making: Effects of

Activation and Self-Centrality of Values on Choices and Behavior” Journal of Peronality
and Social Psychology 82(3), 434-447. 2002.
Stephens, Nicole M., Hazel Rose Markus and Sarah S. M. Townsend. “Choice as an Act
of Meaning: The Case of Social Class” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
93(5) 814-830. 2007.

Levin, Irwin P. and J.D. Jasper. “Experimental Analysis of Nationalistic Tendencies in

Consumer Decision Processes: Case of the Multinational Product” Journal of
Experimental Psychology 2(1), 17-30. 1996.

Fox, Craig R., Rebecca K. Ratner and Daniel S. Lieb. “How Subjective Grouping of
Options Influences Choice and Allocation: Diversification Bias and the Phenomenon of
Partition Dependence” Journal of Experimental Psychology 134(4), 538-551. 2005.

Edney, Julian J. “The Commons Problem: Alternative Perspectives” American

Psychologist 35(2), 131-150. February 1980.

Nye, Michael, Lorraine Whitmarsh and Timothy Foxon. “Sociopsychological

perspectives on the active roles of domestic actors in transition to a lower carbon
electricity economy” Environmental Planning A 42, 697-714. 2010.

Black, George “Clear and Present Danger” OnEarth Magazine Online, Natural Resources
Defense Council. January 19, 2011.