Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prepared by:
Liaqat Ali Shah Hamdani,
Participant of 82nd Advance Course in
Public Sector Management.
National Institute of Public Administration,
Lahore.
Table of Contents
Page No.
Acknowledgement 1
Introducction 2
Chapter 1 Poverty In Rural Areas 4
Bibliography 46
Acknowledgement
Special thanks to Mr. Ikhlaq Ahmad Tarar Secretary Livestock, and Dairy
I also thank Ms. Rehana Samad for guiding on various issues while
In the following chapters an effort has been made to link the above
factors and to examine the various strategies and to draw a conclusion.
CHAPTER - 1
While not all, the rural landless are without other assets,
such as livestock and some skills, those who depend on
manual labor may be experiencing particularly severe
poverty. Agricultural laborers and low-skill manual
workers are perhaps the most vulnerable groups in the
rural society.
Livestock is an integral component of the rural system and its role rural
economy may be realized from the fact that 30-35 million rural
population is involved in livestock raising having household holdings of
2-3 cattle/buffalo and 5-6 sheep/goats per family deriving 30-40
percent of their income from it. Livestock provides milk, meat and eggs,
which are the source of animal proteins with high biological values. It is
also a base for industrial raw materials like; wool, hide, skin, leather etc,
and a source of organic fertilizer, Livestock also provides security
against crop failures and financial support in hard times of the farmers.
As such livestock development for socio-economic reasons is the driving
force for rural development. Since livestock is mostly raised by women,
especially in poor households, it is closely linked with economic
empowerment and social well being of women folk.
USA 70
India 70
Russia 32
Germany 29
France 25
Brazil 21
Pakistan 20
Ukraine 16
UK 15
Poland 12
Interestingly, amongst the Livestock products, milk alone has the
value exceeding that of the major crops as shown in Table-4
Table – 4. Value of Malk as Compared to Major Crops
It can safely be concluded from the findings that women can play
a much wider role in promotion of livestock provided they are given
credit facilities to buy livestock and their knowledge about better
practices is improved through short and long term trainings. It
can also be concluded that any improvement in livestock is bound
to reduce poverty and bring prosperity to poor households in rural
areas. Dimensions of poverty, as outlined in chapter one, can
certainly be addressed by investments in livestock through rural
women. This aspect is further discussed in next chapters.
CHAPTER - 3
Lending to women
Besides RSPs, few more initiatives have also been taken to improve
women’s access to credit. These are called Micro Finance
Institutions or MFIs. The Pakistan Micro-Finance Network )PMN)
is a network for organizations engaged in micro-finance and
dedicated to improving the outreach and sustainability of micro-
finance in Pakistan. Compared to some other countries, the micro-
finance sector in Pakistan is in the initial stages of development.
Estimates suggested that there are as many as 5.6 million
household in Pakistan who need micro-finance services, but
services reach only a tiny fraction of this population, probably less
than one percent. The PMN has become increasingly active since
1999. With the support from the Asia Foundation (TAF) and the
Aga Khan Foundation (AKF) the network has been able to establish
its membership, activities, and credibility. It has build greater
awareness among policy makers. Arranged specialized training,
and established initial standards for financial transparency.
The credo of the PMN is to enhance the scale quality, diversity and
sustainability of retail micro-finance, so that women in rural areas
are reached and provided with credit facilities to purchase and
raise livestock.
Buy basic food items and provide three meals a day for their
families
Buy essential drugs for human and livestock needs
Pay to send their children to schools
Buy clothes for their families from time to time
Participate and celebrate social event, like other better off
families.
Credit women are able to diversify their investments. Some
women other small enterprises such as small shops etc., or
purchase or poultry.
Some have improved and renovated their house furniture
and utensils.
During my visit to those villages along with PRSP staff, I was able
to interview five women who received credit from PRSP and kept
animals for income generation. These interviews underscore that
the philosophy and methodology espoused by RSP’s is viable and
successful. Here are excerpts from these interviews.
Impact studies found that women are gaining greater say income and
expenditure decisions to the extent of 25 to 30 per cent of household.
Programme women’s participation has increased in expenditure decisions
relating to poultry rearing, schooling of chilfren and health care.
It is expected that women should be out of the poverty trap, reduce credit
dependency, combat the risks on non-repayment due to shock or
disaster when income and consumption for them deline suddenly.
At the other end many programme women are moving up the scale and
their need for credit funds is increasing. Real challenge for the future of
woemn MCPs lies in meeting the need for innovation and diversification
in delivery method and introduction of new MCP products.
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Composed by:
Muhammad Amir Sarwar,
P.A to Addl. A.G (Admn.),
O/O the A.G. Punjab, Lahore.