RESOLUTIONS

for the
General Assembly

Session I: Military and Security Issues

Georgia Southern University

High School Model United Nations

February 10-12, 2011

 Resolution 1-1A
Topic: The Role of Science and Technology in the Context of
International Security and Disarmament
Sponsor: Canada

1 Observing that at the end of the 2010 year the influx of classified materials, information,
2 intelligence assessments, and generally labeled confidential US State Department in-house cables
3 which were displayed on the Wiki-Leaks Site, has lead to the concern and question as to what
4 constitutes a country’s internal domain and sovereignty,

5 Bearing in mind that whether the international community disapproves or has ill feelings to one
6 country or another, a breach or cyber intrusion and theft of classified information by the use of the
7 term “hacking” is a serious threat to international security,

8 Noting with deep concern that the potential ramifications could include a variety of drastic
9 outcomes,

10 The State of Canada,

11 1. Proclaims that much like a country’s natural resources, oceans, established trade routes,
12 airspace; etc the use of the internet should be considered or placed along these same lines as a
13 country’s own resource, specifically used or created to promote the needs and requirements of
14 that nation;

15 2. Emphasizes that the cyber intrusion into a country’s internal information, data sources, or
16 memory locations should be considered as an act of war or at minimum an act of international
17 terrorism;

18 3. Recommends that those countries that commit such acts should be reprimanded and if
19 continued then stronger methods should be applied;

20 4. Further recommends that the possible legal ramifications for countries conducting cyber-
21 warfare, theft, and mass intrusions are as follows:

22 a. International Public Censure and Commendation,

23 b. Security Council request for Resolutions (embargo, trade restrictions, cyber-

24 monitoring, the identification of known criminals, computer programmers, or hacking
25 groups. These individuals would be placed on biometrics files [if finger-prints and facial
26 recognition is current and on file] with all major international law enforcement agencies,

27 c. The UN Security Council approval for the creation, funding, and developmental
28 methods to conduct counter-cyber warfare against computer sites or groups conducting
29 potentially hazardous cyber acts that could lead to the possible loss of life,

30 d. The UN Security Council would seek possible military action or intervention at sites or
31 known locations where such criminal cyber activities are conducted, organized, and
32 commanded from,
33 e. Captured individuals conducting cyber-warfare would be considered an international
34 criminal and could face the international court at The Hague. The citizenships of captured
35 individuals would be on a case by case basis whether their extradition back to their “birth
36 country” would result in a potential death penalty or sentence. Such actions would require
37 additional consideration if the subject would face such stiff legal recourse;

38 5. Further emphasizes for any country which promotes, harbors, funds, or encourages
39 international cyber criminal activities, organized hacking groups, or the established of state run
40 cyber terrorism type tactics and methods be along the same definition as State Sponsored
41 Terrorism.
 RESOLUTION 1-1B
Topic: The Role of Science and Technology in the Context of
International Security and Disarmament
Sponsor: South Africa

1 Recognizing that science and technology have proved to have a significantly positive impact on
2 the security and disarmament of Member States and with careful regulation, should continue to be
3 used so,

4 Deeply concerned with the increasing use of science and technology for the purpose of upgrading
5 and enhancing military weapons and the impact this can have on political and economic
6 relationships between States,

7 Believing that science and technology should be used in order to benefit the social and economic
8 development, but should also be used to contribute to safeguarding weapons and other security
9 and disarmament purposes,

10 Bearing in mind that the gap between developed and developing countries is extremely large in
11 regards to the science and technology available to each and this overwhelms developing countries
12 with the threat of insufficient defense,

13 Alarmed with the thought of a terroristic group obtaining access to weapons of mass destruction
14 due to a country’s inability to use science and technology to secure or dismantle these weapons,

15 Notes with approval countries that have already used technology to dismantle their arms such as
16 South Africa and Kazakhstan and the effect this has had on these countries stability,

17 Emphasizing the goals set forth by the Nuclear Security Summit that state that safeguarding
18 nuclear weapons is critical for the furthering of society and in preserving the future of the Member
19 States in a peaceful world,

20 The State of South Africa,

21 1. Reaffirms the mission statement of the Disarmament and International Security Committee
22 which states that weapons of mass destruction need to be eliminated and that the technology to do
23 so is pertinent;

24 2. Encourages Member States to follow the example set by previous countries and use their
25 technology to dismantle their weapons programs and to continue using science and technology as
26 a means of advancing social and economic prospects;

27 3. Expresses its hope that developed countries will share and exchange their information on
28 science and technology regarding security and disarmament not only with other developed
29 countries, but also those who are still developing;

30 4. Requests the creation of a committee that will regulate the use of science and technology in
31 regards to security and disarmament,
32
33 a. The name of this committee will be called the Committee of Science on Security and
34 Disarmament (CSSD),
35
36 b. The duties of this committee will be to regulate and keep record on the science and
37 technology used by countries in the context of security and disarmament and to distribute
38 information on this technology to all Member States,

39 c. This committee will be funded by .001% of each country’s GDP for those countries
40 with the capacity to participate;

41 5. Recommends Member States to use technology to trace weapons in hopes of catching illegal
42 weapons trading, combat cyber-attacks on the infrastructure of states, and to stop the
43 proliferation of nuclear weapons;

44 6. Reaffirms that science and technology can be used to diminish future wars and decrease
45 casualties by decreasing the amount of weapons in circulation that can be used for destruction and
46 by increasing the fortifications that countries can use when under attack.
 RESOLUTION 1-1C
Topic: The Role of Science and Technology in the Context of
International Security and Disarmament
Sponsor: Belgium

1 Keeping in mind the rate of Nuclear weapon stockpiling around the world has increased
2 considerably in the last decade,

3 Noting with deep concern the amount of money spent annually on Nuclear weapon facilities take
4 an extensive portion of budgets destabilizing economies,

5 Alarmed by the number of countries who have not signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
6 Nuclear Weapons,

7 Emphasizes war funds should be spent on more conventional forces to meet the need of the
8 asymmetric warfare,

9 Aware of the desire for Nuclear weapons, but insistent that they are not necessary for global
10 influence or national security today,

11 Realizing that complete Nuclear disarmament will not resolve overnight,

12 Guided by a definite plan that was agreed to at the 1995 Review and Extension Conference and
13 the 2000 Review Conference to accelerate the implementation of the practical steps towards
14 nuclear disarmament,

15 Expressing its appreciation to countries devoted to Nuclear disarmament and those that have
16 signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,

17 Noting with regret the use of Nuclear Weapons in the past and reminding countries of the effects
18 and results of those attacks,

19 The Kingdom of Belgium,

20 1. Encourages that all countries who have not yet signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
21 Nuclear Weapons sign and fulfill its guidelines;

22 2. Requests donations from countries who have already agreed to the Treaty on the Non-
23 Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to further promote Nuclear Disarmament;

24 3. Proclaims that limiting the use of nuclear weapons lessens the tension between nuclear weapon
25 states and non-nuclear weapon state that feel as if their security is threatened;

26 4. Expresses its hope that nuclear-weapon states will take the responsibility to eliminate their
27 arsenals under the Article IV disarmament provisions of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty;

28 5. Calls upon the United Nations to require that all countries agreeing to the Nuclear Non-
29 Proliferation Treaty uphold the restrictions stated in the treaty;
30 6. Reaffirms there is a genuine need for a systematic and progressive process of nuclear
31 disarmament and urges the nuclear-weapon states to immediately stop the qualitative
32 improvement, development, production, and stockpiling of nuclear warheads;

33 7. Recommends those states deactivate their nuclear-weapons and take concrete measure to
34 reduce the operational status of their nuclear-weapon systems;

35 8. Encourages that countries without nuclear weapons that are currently trying to construct
36 nuclear weapons cease all construction and joins the nuclear disarmament movement;

37 9. Emphasizes maintaining nuclear-weapons' facilities are very expensive to uphold and do not
38 serve purpose worthy of or frequently enough for the cost;

39 10. Authorizes that monies spent on Nuclear weapons be spent on more conventional forces and
40 equipment for wartime;

41 11. Urges the United States to remove its tactical weapons from all European countries' borders;

42 12. Calls on non-nuclear weapons states to identify and address specific aspects where urgent
43 progress is required.
 RESOLUTION 1-2A
Topic: Assuring Countries’ Sovereignty over
Their Natural Resources
Sponsor: The Republic of the Philippines

1 Recalling resolution A/5217, which declared that people and States have permanent sovereignty
2 over their wealth and natural resources, especially when national development and the well being
3 of people within the State are concerned,

4 Alarmed by some actions of the nations within Africa and Latin America with fighting over
5 natural resources within the continent, such as the Great African War, which began in 1998 and
6 ended in 2003 and, at its end, killed 5.4 million people,

7 Bearing in mind that natural resources are vital in stimulating a nation’s economy, such as fish for
8 a coastal nation’s fish industry,

9 Believing that each nation has sovereignty over the resources within the borders of said nation,

10 The Republic of the Philippines,

11 1. Emphasizes the right of each nation to determine the usage of natural resources within their
12 borders;

13 2. Seeking that all Member States realize that disputes for natural resources violates a nation’s
14 sovereignty and threatens international security and world peace;

15 3. Deplores any action of one Member State to attempt to take the natural resources of another
16 Member State and therefore denying said nation the right to permanent sovereignty over their
17 natural resources;

18 4. Recommends that in the case a Member State is lacking in a vital resource, treaties
19 should be created amongst nations that give specific requirements and trade agreements to each
20 nation involved,

21 a. If in the case that a nation within an agreement violates the terms of the agreement, the
22 treaty should become null and void and no more resources be supplied to the violator until
23 new trade agreements can be made,

24 b. Each Member State should be responsible for the regulation of the treaties that they are
25 involved in,

26 c. If no agreement can be made amongst nations, an objective third party must give an
27 unbiased opinion to best fit the situation;

28 5. Strongly condemns any effort to breach a nation’s sovereignty over natural resources, and if
29 this were to occur, peace talks and other negotiating methods should be used to
30 promote a peaceful agreement as soon as possible;

31 6. Trusts that Member States understand the importance of eliminating disputes

32 between nations over resources so to ensure international security and world peace.
 RESOLUTION 1-2B
Topic: Assuring Countries’ Sovereignty over
Their Natural Resources
Sponsor: Brazil

1 Recalling General Assembly resolution 1803 (XVII) which declares “ The right of peoples and
2 nations to permanent sovereignty over their natural resources and wealth must be exercised in the
3 interest of their National Development and the well-being of the people of the State concerned,”

4 Recalling further Resolution 1314 (XIII) which establishes the Commission on Permanent
5 Sovereignty over Natural Resources to survey that status of a Member States’ permanent
6 sovereignty over its wealth and resources,

7 Affirming The Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States (CERDS) resolution 3281
8 (XXIX) which provides for the following principles; Sovereignty, territorial integrity and political
9 independence of States; Mutual and equitable benefit; Peaceful coexistence; Equal rights and self-
10 determination of peoples; Remedying of injustices which have been brought about by force and
11 which deprive a nation of the natural means necessary for its normal development; Fulfillment in
12 good faith of international obligations; International co-operation for development; No attempt to
13 seek hegemony and spheres of influence.

14 Emphasizing that Sovereignty is the basis of International Law, and that a countries’ resources are
15 their own, and not allowing access to such resources is in effect harming the State and its people,

16 Stressing that basic natural resources are essential to the survival and growth of developing
17 States,

18 Bearing in mind the aggressive quest for resources is a source of conflict and war,

19 Recommends in times of hardship the peaceful sharing of resources among states in accordance
20 with the States own international policies, but not in exchange of Political conditions violating the
21 State of concern’s people, territory, or state of living,

22 Noting with urgency the state of under-developed countries as a result of deprivation of

23 resources,

24 The Federative Republic of Brazil,

25 1. Proposes the following expansions/revisions of the working and funded Commission on

26 Permanent Sovereignty, to be hence-forth referred to as The New Commission on Permanent
27 Sovereignty (NCPS);

28 2. Commits the NCPS to send delegations to a State by States’ requests to determine

29 Sovereignty over resources is protected according to the following Guidelines:

30 a. State-owned Government or organizations have control over resources,

31 b. No international political pressure is put on a Member State in what way its resources
32 are allocated, or spent, unless expressly permitted by that Member State,
33 c. No use of threat to a Countries’ people, state of living, or well-being is used to gain
34 resources;
35
36 3. Suggests that the NCPS may hear a Member States plea for certain resources in a time of crisis
37 or need by delegates from the State in need meet with the Commission to assess the specific
38 provisions required to stabilize the Territory,

39 a. The NCPS may request Member States to pool the necessary resources needed by a
40 state in Crisis as determined by the Commission by the process in Clause 3,

41 b. The NCPS may set ramifications or penalties for States in violation of the afore
42 mentioned Guidelines in Clause 2 , only with the majority vote in approval from the
43 General Assembly;
44
45 4. Recommends a standard consequence for violation of the Sovereignty over natural resources
46 and/or seizing of Intellectual any other resource with out the permission of that State to be a
47 Temporary Embargo by OPEC until such a time that it is determined by NCPS that the victim
48 State’s Sovereignty restored completely;

49 5. Trusts that such a Commission has not the power over States International policies or
50 inalienable right to dispose or their natural resources or wealth;

51 6. Remembers that States have the choice to not to allocate their resources to other States.
 RESOLUTION 1-2C
Topic: Assuring Countries’ Sovereignty over
Their Natural Resources
Sponsor: Pakistan

1 Remembering Resolution 1803 of the XVII Session which assured permanent sovereignty over
2 natural resources,

3 Reaffirming Member States’ rights to exercise their rights over their natural resources as
4 proclaimed in Resolution 626 of the XII Session which “recommends all Member States to refrain
5 from acts [...] designed to impede the exercise of the sovereignty of any State over its natural
6 resources,”

7 Confirming the rights of underdeveloped countries to exploit their natural resources freely in
8 accordance with their needs and plans for advancing their economic positions,

9 Reaffirming Resolution 3171 that stated “the inalienable rights of States to permanent sovereignty
10 over all their natural resources,”

11 Aware of the past incidents in Nigeria because of oil, the Bougainville region because of mineral
12 extraction, and in Palestine because of the existence of an occupying power,

13 Keeping in mind the internal and external conflicts that have occurred in regards to said areas,

14 The State of Pakistan,

15 Declares accordingly that Member States have the right to have control over their natural
16 resources;

17 Emphasizes that Member States should exploit and use their natural resources at their own free
18 will;

19 Encourages Member States to explore and develop such resources where considered
20 advantageous for the advancement and economical development of the State;

21 Expresses its hope that Member States will recognize each Member State’s sovereignty over its
22 resources and cooperate in regards to economic cooperation and mutual understanding among
23 nations;

24 Calls upon Member States to refrain from actions that may obstruct the ability of a Member State
25 to retain sovereignty over their natural resources and to exploit their natural resources, whether
26 these actions be direct or circuitous;

27 Affirms that any violation of Member States sovereignty over their natural resources is when it is
28 against the values of the Charter of the United Nations and impedes the development and
29 progression of peaceful, international cooperation;

30 Trusts that Member States shall respect and observe the sovereignty Member States have over
31 their natural resources in good faith.
 RESOLUTION 1-3A
Topic: Efforts to Control Weapons of Mass Destruction
Sponsor: Ukraine

1 Recognizing that the definition of a weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is: “a weapon
2 that can kill large numbers of humans and/or cause great damage to man-made structures,
3 natural structures, or the biosphere in general,”

4 Bringing to attention the fact that there are many, very serious types of WMD’s besides nuclear
5 weapons,

6 Emphasizing that WMDs have been around in some form since 430 BC,

7 Reminding all parties that the possibility of WMDs being used by terrorists is the most serious
8 threat to world security today,

9 Concerned that the regulations posed by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Security Council
10 Resolution 1540, and the IAEA concerning WMDs, are still not followed by some Member
11 States,

12 Disappointed that most efforts made to control this issue are poorly funded, uncoordinated, or
13 voluntary, which only increases the seriousness of the problem,

14 The State of Ukraine,

15
16 1 . Recommends the formation of a multifaceted UN team to control the use of WMDs in all
17 forms;

18 2. Asserts that an organization such as this should contain the following departments:

19 a. Defense - to control and regulate missiles and related weapons,

20 b. Atomic Energy - to control nuclear and radiological weapons,

21 c. Industry - to control chemical weapons and related materials,

22 d. Public Health - to control use of biological weapons,

23 e. A department to control multi-use weapons,

24 f. A department to oversee the consequences that will arise from nations not following the
25 regulations set forth by the previous five committees;

26 3. Requests that the formation of this organization be complete by November 2011;

27 4. Urges the UN to assign the highest priority to this project;

28 5. Encourages the membership of all Member States in this organization to be completely

29 mandatory, with absolutely no exceptions;
30 6. Hopes that all states will contribute to this project, keeping in mind that WMDs are harmful to
31 all nations, and that more developed countries will assist those that have less money to give;

32 7. Condemns any nation that ignores legitimate, UN-established regulations regarding WMDs.
33 Such irresponsible behavior is contrary to the intent of the UN Charter – “to save succeeding
34 generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to
35 mankind;”

36 8. Reaffirms that the ultimate goal of this project will be to eventually eliminate the threat of
37 WMDs entirely.
 RESOLUTION 1-3B
Topic: Efforts to Control Weapons of Mass Destruction
Sponsor: Afghanistan

1 Alarmed that Afghanistan is surrounded by Member States who all have nuclear weapons or are
2 developing nuclear weapons, namely: China, India, Iran, Israel, Myanmar and Pakistan,

3 Distressed that Afghanistan remains defenseless in the shadow of its neighbors, which possess
4 these weapons of mass destruction,

5 Recognizing that China, India, and Pakistan have developed nuclear weapons in response to
6 growing threats in the region,

7 Disturbed that Pakistan and India have not signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT),

8 Deeply concerned that Pakistan is surrounded and infiltrated by terrorists cells,

9 Bearing in mind Pakistan’s willingness to spread information on nuclear weapon development to

10 other, unstable Member States,

11 Noting that Pakistan has had previous experience with selling nuclear weapon information on the
12 black market,

13 Observing that Pakistan’s nuclear weapon facilities have been attacked at least three times:
14 November 1, 2007, December 10, 2007, and August 20, 2008,

15 Aware of the devastation that weapons of mass destruction present to the global community,
16 especially in perilous hands,

17 Recognizing that the NPT is ineffective and inadequately enforced,

18 The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,

19 1. Reminds Member States that Afghanistan and other Member States are vulnerable in the
20 absence of nuclear weapons, and that the development of nuclear weapons is crucial to
21 establishing self-defense;

22 2. Requests the immediate dissolution of the NPT;

23 3. Calls upon this body to create and implement an entirely new plan of action permitting nuclear
24 weapons development that will be regulated and monitored efficiently and effectively by UN
25 inspectors;

26 4. Recognizing that this resolution will pertain to all Member States, without requiring adoption,
27 ratification or signatures of Member States; thereby, enabling all Member States immediate
28 participation in self-defense;
29 5. Encourages Member States to promote nuclear weapon development within their own
30 boundaries and permit development in every Member State, recognizing that this technology can
31 be further adapted to support clean energy;

32 6. Cautions that with the obvious lack of enforcement of the existing treaty, nuclear weapons will
33 continue to be illegally developed by Member States, thus endangering all of humanity;

34 7. Urges immediate action upon approval by this body.

 RESOLUTION 1-3C
Topic: Efforts to Control Weapons of Mass Destruction
Sponsor: Palestine

1 Recalling the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty,

2 Further recalling that Israel is not one of the 189 states party to the NPT,

3 Taking into consideration that Israel has failed to comply with the International Atomic Energy
4 Agency’s request to monitor Israeli nuclear facilities after the General Conference of the IAEA
5 urged Israel to open its sites to inspectors on September 18, 2009,

6 Noting that Israel has not ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention,

7 Also noting that Israel is not party to the Biological Weapons Convention,

8 Concerned by Israel’s failure to be party to the NPT and failure to comply with the General
9 Conference of the IAEA’s 2009 request,

10 Acknowledging that the uncertainty of Israel’s nuclear capability and its opacity when dealing
11 with the international community jeopardizes regional and international stability and security by
12 acting as a threat of unknown magnitude to its neighbors, not excluding Palestine,

13 Disturbed by the repercussions for security of tensions that arise from the existence of a potential
14 unchecked nuclear power,

15 Alarmed by the prospect of Israel’s failure to participate in international activity aimed at

16 minimizing the threat of nuclear war and destruction in a way that upholds the security and
17 integrity of the entire international community,

18 The State of Palestine,

19 1. Strongly urges Israel to comply with the IAEA’s request for access to Israeli nuclear facilities
20 for the purpose of inspection;

21 2. Reiterates the General Conference of the IAEA’s urge that Israel become party to the NPT;

22 3. Requests that Israel ratify the Chemical Weapons Convention and Biological Weapons
23 Convention as swiftly as feasible;

24 4. Expresses hope that the international community will work cooperatively to ensure that Middle
25 Eastern nations such as Palestine need not live in fear of unilateral nuclear conflict with their
26 neighbor Israel;

27 5. Implores the fair and equal application of international diplomacy and action by this body and
28 its member in regards to the issue.
 RESOLUTION 1-4A
Topic: Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
While Countering Terrorism
Sponsor: Norway

1 Recalling the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy of 2008, in which member-states resolved to

2 take action within the guidelines of international humanitarian law,

3 Emphasizing that terrorism is unacceptable in all its forms and the United Nations must act to
4 curb terroristic acts,

5 Keeping in mind that no formal definition of terrorism has been adopted by the United Nations,

6 Realizing that a formal definition must be adopted in order for the United Nations and its
7 member-states to effectively combat terrorism,

8 Acknowledging the numerous human rights violations against terrorists around the world,
9 including torture and cruel punishment,

10 Stressing the importance of following the guidelines set forth by the United Nations in the
11 Universal Declaration of Human Rights,

12 Noting that a balance between persistence against terrorism and a respect for the rights of humans
13 must be established,

14 The Kingdom of Norway,

15 1. Encourages all member-states to abide by Security Council Resolution 1566, which defined
16 terrorism as any criminal act committed with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury, or
17 taking of hostages, with the purpose to provoke a state of terror in the general public or in a
18 group of persons, intimidate a population or compel a government or an international
19 organization to do or to abstain from doing any act;

20 2. Calls upon all member-states to educate their citizens to create an understanding and tolerance
21 of all cultures, religions, beliefs, and ethnic groups around the world, so that terrorism might be
22 retarded;

23 3. Suggests the creation the Committee for Terrorism Resistance (CTR), which will be
24 responsible for the following:

25 a. Helping member-states determine what constitutes an act of terrorism,

26 b. Assisting member-states to enforce laws against terrorism,

27 c. Regulating the punishment of terrorists to ensure that their treatment does not violate
28 human rights as defined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,

29 d. Employing political, humanitarian, economic, legal and military means to curb the
30 prevalence of terrorism in the world,
31 e. Maintaining that all efforts to combat terrorism must remain within the bounds of
32 democracy, international law, and human rights;

33 4. Requests the allocation of funding from rich people to CTR to support their efforts to counter
34 terrorism while protecting human rights;

35 5. Strongly encourages the use of peace talks to promote positive relations among nations, which
36 in turn will foster a condition of cooperation and tolerance, therefore discouraging the use of
37 terrorism as a tactic to influence the actions of others;

38 6. Reaffirms the guidelines laid out in the 2006 General Assembly Resolution 60/158, which
39 combines counter-terrorism with humanitarian efforts, creating the balance we seek.
 RESOLUTION 1-4B
Topic: Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
While Countering Terrorism
Sponsor: Syrian Arab Republic

1 Keeping in mind that terrorists, criminals, and hostile nation-states have long viewed
2 aviation as a target for attack and exploitation,

3 Aware of the uniquely susceptible nature of aviation operations to attack or exploitation

4 by terrorist groups, hostile nation-states, and criminals,

5 Saddened by the following attacks on innocent, civilian aircraft:

6
7 a. The destruction of British European Airways Flight 284 near Cyprus in 1967,
8 b. The destruction of Trans World Airlines Flight 841 near Athens in 1974,
9 c. The hijacking of Trans World Airlines Flight 847 near Cairo in 1985,
10 d. The hijacking of Pan Am Flight 73 in Karachi, Pakistan in 1986,
11 e. The destruction of Pan Am Flight 103 over Scotland in 1988,
12 f. The downing of a French Union des Transports Aériens aircraft over Niger in1989,
13 g. The hijacking of Air France flight 896924 near Algiers in 1994,
14 h. The destruction of American Airlines Flight 11 in New York in 2001,
15 i. The destruction of United Airlines Flight 175 in New York in 2001,
16 j. The destruction of American Airlines Flight 77 in Washington in 2001,
17 k. The destruction of United Airlines Flight 93 in Pennsylvania, in 2001;

18 Recalling:
19
20 a. The 1963 Tokyo Convention on Offenses and Certain Other Acts Committee on Board
21 Aircraft,
22 b. The 1970 Hague Convention for the Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft,
23 c. 1971 Montreal Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Civil
24 Aviation,

25 Believing that the United Nations has a vital interest in protecting humanity, world-wide
26 infrastructure, and other interests from threats in the air domain,

27 Viewing the International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) efforts within the United Nations
28 to improve aviation security and to codify anti-terrorist regulations,

29 Understanding that, despite ICAO’s efforts, the voluntary nature of enforcement of its rules and
30 guidelines means that effective aviation security exists in only a minority of States around the
31 world,

32 Concerned that this body has failed to become seriously engaged in preventing these acts of
33 terrorism,

34 Regretting that the Syrian Arab Republic lacks the resources and technology to directly address
35 this threat,
36 The Syrian Arab Republic,

37 1. Suggests that improvements to aviation security become proactive, anticipating crises before
38 they occur;

39 2. Encourages the adoption of recommendations put forward by the various international bodies
40 which will result in a coherent, global, standardized system, essential to addressing the growing
41 terrorist threat – one that is less disjointed and incremental;

42 3. Recommends that the standards and practices outlined in the technical annexes to the Chicago
43 Convention be implemented universally, thereby providing a consistent and appropriate level of
44 security worldwide;

45 4. Further recommends that the ICAO be granted powers of enforcement over its members and
46 that Governments not be able to ‘opt out’ of regulations which, for one reason or another, they
47 find unacceptable;

48 5. Urges member nations to take strong measures, including relevant legislative measures if
49 necessary, in cooperation with other countries, to prevent terrorist acts and the international
50 movement of terrorists by strengthening, among other things, border, immigration, and travel
51 document control and information sharing;

52 6. Would endorse a proposal to legislate ICAO’s rules and guidelines into international law,
53 ensuring that effective aviation security exists in a majority of States around the world and
54 allowing the International Court of Justice to exercise jurisdiction over any violations of said law;

55 7 . Supports the establishment of an International Civil Aviation Program, with an ICAO

56 Academy, to be located in The Hague and funded with assessed and voluntary contributions. The
57 curriculum and program of instruction will be developed and administered by a multi-national task
58 force, under the supervision of the ICAO. The Academy will evaluate all candidates and will
59 provide instruction regarding air marshal operations, baggage screening, and personnel screening;

60 8. Insists that, in Phase I:

61 a. Every piece of baggage be screened for explosives using the latest technology and
62 equipment before being placed on any international aircraft,

63 b. Every air traveler be screened by the ICAO team before boarding an international
64 aircraft using the latest screening techniques to prevent any terrorist or criminal activity,

65 c. An armed, ICAO Academy graduate air marshal be present on every international

66 aircraft;
67
68 9. Further insists that, in Phase II:

69 a. Every piece of baggage be screened for explosives, using the latest technology and
70 equipment before being placed on any domestic aircraft,

71 b. Every air traveler be screened by the ICAO team before boarding a domestic aircraft,
72 using the latest screening techniques to prevent any terrorist or criminal activity,

73 c. An armed, ICAO Academy graduate air marshal be present on every domestic aircraft.
 RESOLUTION 1-4C
Topic: Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
While Countering Terrorism
Sponsor: Afghanistan

1 Emphasizes the definition of terrorism in this resolution as a group that inflicts harm on
2 noncombatant persons,

3 Aware of the destruction that terrorism is inflicting on the global community and the importance
4 of eradicating it,

5 Alarmed by lives that are continually being lost by the terrorist activities throughout the world,

6 Noting with deep concern the excessive amount of money and resources that have been spent
7 fighting the war on terror;

8 Further noting that the United States alone has spent $184 billion in Afghanistan, and the total
9 amount the United States is expected to spend on the War on Terror is between $1.3-1.7 trillion,

10 Deeply conscious of the damage to infrastructure, as well as the lives of citizens being destroyed
11 in areas of terrorist cells,

12 Taking into consideration the underlying causes of terrorism, which tend to be a sense of
13 disempowerment and poverty, not religious fanaticism,

14 Emphasizing that violence is not be the best solution for dealing with terrorism,

15 Deeply disturbed by the number of children of both genders age seven and up that are engaging in
16 terrorist activities; statistics estimate that over 300,000 children are involved in armed conflict
17 (UN statistic),

18 Examining the way the terrorist group, Hamas, recruit Palestinian families and children by
19 providing education, healthcare, food, and shelter,

20 Recognizing that children are the future generation and education of these youth is of utmost
21 importance,

22 Disgusted by the manipulation and abuse of women within terrorist organizations,

23 Further deploring the kidnaping of pregnant women so that their children can be raised to be
24 soldiers,

25 Praising the efforts that UN groups have previously done for women and children in terrorist
26 areas, but recognizing that significantly more needs to be done,
27 The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,

28 1. Calls upon Member States to create a program to build boarding schools located in low
29 terrorism regions, for both girls and boys, ages five to seventeen, who come from high-risk
30 terrorist areas;

31 2. Directs that boarding schools built within the program include:

32 a. Security personnel appointed to protect the children from terrorist groups or guerilla
33 groups wanting to use children to fight,

34 b. Adequate food to meet nutritional needs,

35 c. Appropriate, segregated living facilities for boys and girls,

36 i. No overcrowding in rooms,

37 ii. Sufficient bathing and bathroom facilities,

38 d. Medical care for all students, including appropriate immunizations, and counseling as
39 determined necessary by students, parents and/or teachers and staff,

40 e. Protection against forcible removal from school for the purposes of trafficking, war or
41 other harmful actions perpetrated against children,

42 f. Opportunities for asylum as deemed appropriate and/or desirable,

43 g. Opportunities to obtain scholarships and financial aid for students to be able to pursue
44 higher education,

45 h. Boarding schools are to be monitored and evaluated by UNICEF;

46 3. Further directing that children of both genders are to be taught reading, writing, and
47 arithmetic, as well as vocational and trade skills;

48 4. Reiterating that enrollment is optional; children are to be informed of this program and allowed
49 to make an educated decision; parental permission is not required; traveling expenses to the
50 boarding schools are to be covered by this program;

51 5. Recommends Member States with public colleges are solicited for opening their schools to
52 youth from high risk terrorist areas;

53 6. Calls upon Member States to create a shelter program for women and infants to escape
54 terrorist areas; this program will provide the following:

55 a. Appropriate shelter from terrorist groups,

56 b. Living conditions are to be adequate,

57 i. No overcrowding in rooms,
58 ii. Sufficient bathing and bathroom facilities,

59 c. Adequate food to meet nutritional needs,

60 d. Medical care for all women and infants, including appropriate immunizations, and
61 counseling as determined necessary by health care professionals,

62 e. Protection against forcible removal from the shelter for the purposes of trafficking, war
63 or other harmful actions perpetrated against women,

64 f. Opportunities for asylum as deemed appropriate and/or desirable,

65 g. Women will have the opportunity to be educated and to learn a trade or vocational
66 skill,

67 h. Will be monitored and evaluated by the United Nations Division for Advancement of
68 Women (UNDAW);

69 7. Requests Member States to provide asylum for women and children;

70 8. Authorizes .0005% of Member States GDP be provided for this program;

71 9. Urges fellow Member States to act quickly for the aid, protection and education of the women
72 and children of the world.
 RESOLUTION 1-4D
Topic: Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
While Countering Terrorism
Sponsor: Iraq

1 Recalling the creation of Security Council Resolution 1368 which aimed to identify perpetrators
2 and organizers of the notorious terrorist attacks in the United States,

3 Noting further Security Council Resolution 1373 calling for the placement of barriers on the
4 organization and fund-raising activities of terrorist groups,

5 Further recalling the tragic attacks in Washington DC, Pennsylvania, and New York City in
6 America on September 11, 2001,

7 Stressing the large numbers of civilian Iraqis injured or killed in terrorist activities,

8 The Republic of Iraq,

9 1. Encourages the formation of a Middle-East Counter Terrorism Bureau dedicated solely to the
10 protection of Middle-Eastern citizens from the dangers associated with terrorist organizations and
11 response to the formation of these organizations and groups, and the gathering of knowledge of
12 their activities;

13 2. Recommends the allocation of .000023 percent of Member States’s annual GDP to this
14 bureau;

15 3. Emphasizing the need for the establishment of an anonymous hotline available to the citizens
16 for reports of possible terrorist activity;

17 4. Requests the broadcast of instructions on behaviors and characteristics exclusive to terrorist

18 group members on major news networks;

19 5. Designates that the Middle-East Counter Terrorism Bureau oversee the implementation of
20 operative clauses 3 and 4, including the creation of incentive for states that comply with said
21 operative clauses;

22 6. Further designates the allocation of some of the bureau’s funds to the enhancement of security
23 in highly-populated, frequented public areas including but not limited to airports, banks, and
24 marketplaces;

25 7. Further recommends that these funds be utilized to provide more security personnel,
26 monitoring devices, and detection devices for the security of these highly-populated locations;

27 8. Further invites the use of these allocated funds in government-led investigations if businesses
28 that sponsor products essential to the activities of terrorist organizations including but not limited
29 to weapons manufacturers;

30 9. Endorses the use of bureau funds to establish programs for training Middle Eastern Member
31 State’s military/police personnel in the infiltration of known terrorist organizations in the effort to
32 identify organization leaders.
 RESOLUTION 1-5A
Topic: Achieving Energy Security Through Energy Diversity
Sponsor: The Republic of the Philippines

1 Aware of energy security’s importance in maintaining constant energy prices, especially for
2 developing nations, sustaining the environment, and avoiding the severe effects climate change
3 can cause,

4 Realizing that there is an expected 300 percent increase in energy demand for India, Philippines,
5 Iran and Malaysia, and a 200 percent increase for China by 2030,

6 Taking into consideration that energy self-sufficiency is decreasing in developing countries, while
7 developed or industrialized countries are more self-sufficient,

8 Observing that countries without oil reserves, such as some Middle Eastern, East African and
9 South East Asian countries, must import fuel and therefore are subject to great variability in
10 prices,

11 Alarmed by the fact that 762 million people in rural areas and 167 million people in urban areas do
12 not have access to electrical power,

13 Further deplored by the fact that some areas have large amounts of biomass, geothermal energy
14 and solar energy that are not being utilized to its full potential due to lack of investment because
15 of the belief that it is too risky an area to invest money in,

16 Believing that to achieve energy security, a new solution to energy consumption be reached that is
17 both energy efficient and utilizes more renewable resources,

18 The Republic of the Philippines,

19 1. Proclaims that energy security can only be achieved by obtaining energy from as many sources
20 as possible instead of just nuclear power and fuel with an emphasis on certain renewable energies,
21 such as biomass, geothermal energy, solar energy, wind power, and hydropower;

22 2. Reminds Member States that considerable potential for renewable energy sources exists within
23 each State, and that all that is needed is sound investment to begin harvesting said energy;

24 3. Encourages developed or industrialized Member States to invest in private companies that have
25 the capability to produce different varieties of renewable resources, and therefore create a
26 competitive environment for the companies to prosper in;

27 a. Governments of said Member States should back efforts of private companies with
28 incentive laws and support methods to further encourage a diversity of energy production,

29 b. Half the money invested in promoting nonrenewable sources of energy should be

30 reallocated and used to invest in renewable energy sources instead,

31 4. Endorses developing countries to utilize more efficient means of energy production as a more
32 economical solution for achieving energy security;
33 5. Requests developed or industrialized nations facilitate the transfer of technologies that may
34 expedite the achievement of better energy security to developing countries;

35 6. Draws the attention that with better energy security in each State throughout the world, the
36 millions of people without sufficient energy to support a normal lifestyle today may soon obtain it
37 in the future.
 RESOLUTION 1-5B
Topic: Achieving Energy Security Through Energy Diversity
Sponsor: Iraq

1 Emphasizing the necessity of emphasizing the security of our energy resources as we move into
2 the clean energy era,

3 Noting with regret the energy crises of 1973 and 1982,

4 Deeply concerned with the failure of the Kyoto Protocol to meet is goals for emissions reduction,

5 Convinced that a new and incisive approach to global energy policy is need in order to ensure
6 security in coming years,

7 Recognizing that goals for emission reduction must be reasonable and moderate if they are to be
8 reached,

9 Further emphasizing that ensuring energy security will entail primarily economic measures,

10 Noting further that the International Energy Agency estimates that the world's oil reserves will not
11 be even half depleted until approximately 2023,

12 Realizing that, due to the recent global economic downturn, international energy reform
13 legislation must be narrowly tailored in order not to upset the already volatile world economy,

14 Noting with regret that many Member States use taxes on oil to subsidize coal-burning energy
15 production, which in fact produces more carbon emissions than oil,

16 Affirming that measures to ensure energy security must be designed to cope with future crises
17 stemming from both a possible future scarcity of oil and a possible future “glut” of oil,

18 The Republic of Iraq,

19 1. Encourages Member States, insomuch as internal concerns such as economy, security, and
20 national sovereignty permit, to carefully evaluate the international repercussions of all taxes
21 designed to reduce carbon emissions, especially those on energy sources that are volatile trade
22 commodities, before enacting them;

23 2. Calls upon Member States to assist in the protection of important energy reserves in their
24 regions;

25 3. Calls for the creation of a “Committee for World Energy Reserve Security” (CWERS), in
26 2012 for the following purposes:

27 a. Preventing terrorist groups or otherwise malicious organizations from disrupting

28 crucial energy production,

29 b. Inspecting the factors of energy production in members states in order to ensure said
30 states have proper security measures in place,
31 c. Organizing Member States in a coordinated response to any global or regional energy
32 crises,

33 d. Implementing temporary emergency exchange rates for energy sources such as oil,
34 natural gas, etc., in such times of crises to keep the global economy stable;

35 4. Designates that an “energy crisis” be defined as any large increase in the price of a global
36 energy commodity due to a tangible cause;

37 5. Further designates that CWERS will be funded by a .00001 percent contribution of each
38 Member State’s GDP, as well as voluntary donations as Member States see fit;

39 6. Deplores the irresponsible usage of crucial energy reserves for diplomatic leverage.
 RESOLUTION 1-5C
Topic: Achieving Energy Security Through Energy Diversity
Sponsor: Canada

1 Recognizing that the lack of natural resources for the majority of Third World Countries can
2 promote a feeling of injustice, resentment, and a shortage of National pride against more modern
3 locations,

4 Noting the various reasons, such as poor management of their domain, lack of expertise, improper
5 use thorough survey and reconnaissance, and abuse by a foreign power, that could be given by
6 countries that have severe shortages of resources,

7 Fully believing that such problems could cause a country to seek additional financial means by
8 criminal activities such as drug trading, maritime pirating, human trafficking, and international
9 terrorism,

10 Observing that Somalia is a prime example of this type of situation,

11 Taking note that, lacking natural resources Somalia, has fallen into chaos and corruption which
12 has lead to an increase of international incidents along its shoreline and within international
13 waters,

14 Deeply disturbed by the Armed Maritime Piracy of Somalia and that if it has regressed into being
15 a safe haven and training sites for radical terrorist cells once again,

16 Noting with deep concern that if Somalia had oil, coal, or valued mineral deposits, the outcome
17 could have been different,

18 The State of Canada,

19 1. Submits for UN approval the concept of “leasing” advanced energy technology, training, and
20 equipment to those third world countries;

21 2. Encourages the major super powers to provide adequate support and aid in the areas of new
22 energy technology allowing poor nations the ability to become self-sufficient;

23 3. Emphasizes that these materials and overall support would not be given away for free;

24 4. Recommends that the leasing country (for example Canada) would provide all of the materials
25 and cover the start up cost for the requesting country;

26 5. Confirms that when the country has achieved adequate financial stability, the cost will be
27 provided at one-quarter the normal charge;

28 6. Proclaims that this would allow the purchasing country to make the first initial payment
29 without the loss of its national pride;

30 7. Further recommends that under UN guidance and supervision, construction sites would be
31 located within the host country;
32 8. Encourages that trained experts be required to assist in the construction, as well as provide
33 surveillance to ensure that corruption would not take place and advanced materials would not be
34 stolen or sold openly on the international black market trade;

35 9. Calls for an emphasis to be placed on “Green” energies, such as wind, solar, and geo-thermal;

36 10. Further confirms that country would provide the supplier of the initial investment with funds
37 to reimburse previous money spent once the host country has developed multiple resources and is
38 capable of maintain its energy independence;

39 11. Further recommends that the United Nations create an “Emerging Energies” think-tank
40 staffed by members of both the modern super powers and those third world countries seeking
41 such assistance or those who would rather provide only technical or advisory support;

42 12. Notes that the “Emerging Energies” think-tank would be funded under the UN Capital
43 Development Fund;

44 13. Further notes that elected officials would staff this sub-committee for a period of 2-4 years or
45 until otherwise designated by UNSECGEN.