o PLEASE TELL ME ABOUT JAPANESE HONORIFICS AND TERMS OF ADDRESS

Here are the most common honorifics and terms of address.

-sama Very respectful ending. Not normally used with someone's
names. Used to people of superior status, like your boss,
or to your guests as a host. Envelopes should be addressed
with "-sama". A shopkeeper might call a customer
"o-kyaku-sama" (Respected Mr. Customer).
sensei A respectful term meaning "teacher", also used with
physicians. Frequently used to refer to experts in a
field or people in any respected occupation. Lawyers,
master chefs, fashion designers, and even some manga
artists are called "sensei". Sometimes used like an
honorific with a name or title, as in "kouchou-sensei"
(Mr. Principal, Sir).
-san Usual term of respect. It can stand for Mr. and Ms., and
is attached to either first or last names, and names of
occupations like "o-mawari-san" (Mr. Policeman). You
use it for strangers and people you don't know well, but
are more or less the same social status. When in doubt,
use "-san".
However, never use "-san" with your own name or your
family members' names. Also, it shouldn't be used to refer
to famous people, since a small degree of intimacy is
implied.
High school girls are usually called "-san".
sempai Somebody in the same general social class, but socially
superior to you. "Sempai" can also be used as an honorific.
Older students may be addressed respectfully as sempai,
especially by girls.
-kun Used by a socially superior male to a socially inferior
male. Familiarly used among male students and boys who
grew up together. Recently, some teachers call girl
students and some bosses call office ladies with "-kun",
but it's still considered a masculine suffix.
High school boys are called "-kun". Girls go from "-chan"
to "-san" in high school, but boys go through a period of
"-kun" in between.
- Calling someone by a family name alone is being very
familiar (or rough). Calling someone by given name
alone is less rough, but more familiar. Using no
honorific when one is expected can be an expression of
contempt.
-chan Intimate form of address. Families that are close use it,
and "-chan" is often used to, and by, very young children.
Used with given names, abbreviations of given names, and
nicknames, but not family names. Children who grow up
together (like Madoka and Hikaru), may keep using "-chan"
into adulthood. Note: to call a social superior "-chan"
 without reason is very insulting.

Family terms are also common terms of address.

(Note: One may sometimes identify a person by taking the listener's
point of view, as when a man refers to himself as "father" to his
children.)
Referring to Addressing
yours someone's yours (*) someone's
grandfather sohu ojii-san ojii-san ojii-san
grandmother sobo obaa-san obaa-san obaa-san
uncle oji oji-san oji-san oji-san
aunt oba oba-san oba-san oba-san
elder brother ani onii-san (o)nii-san [Name]-san
elder sister ane onee-san (o)nee-san [Name]-san
These six forms of address occur a lot. Children call strangers
by the above family member terms, depending on whether what type of
relative they consider them old enuf to be. (A good example of
this is a scene recently described in this newsgroup where a child
addresses a question to a young woman as "oba-san", and she responds,
referring to herself as "oNEE-san".)
father chichi otou-san (o)tou-san/papa otou-san
mother haha okaa-san (o)kaa-san/mama okaa-san
younger brother otouto otouto-san [Name] [Name]-san
younger sister imouto imouto-san [Name] [Name]-san
daughter musume ojou-san [Name] [Name]-san
son musuko musuko-san [Name] [Name]-san
wife tsuma/kanai oku-san omae/[Name] oku-san
husband shujin goshujin(-sama) anata goshujin(-sama)
[Surname]-san
Some ways of saying "you":
otaku very polite
sochira very polite
anata polite, common (*)
kimi informal masculine pronoun, common (*)
omae very informal or rough (*)
anta very informal or rough contraction
temae very rough (Note: can also mean "I")
onore very rough (Note: can also mean "I")
kisama very rough
Some ways of saying "I":
watakushi very polite
kochira very polite
watashi polite, common (*)
atakushi polite feminine contraction
kotchi polite
washi informal masculine contraction, used by old men
atashi informal feminine contraction
boku informal masculine pronoun, common, used by boys/young men (*)
uchi informal feminine
ore very informal or rough
I've marked with a * the ones that come up frequently. Learning them
will make watching unsubtitled anime more pleasant, but there's no
need to memorize them, all at once.
You may notice that the very rough words for "you" are often
translated as curses. These are pronouns that insultingly imply
the speaker's superiority. They come up often as fighting words.
- From a posting by Theresa Martin