CSE

Paper Presentation
On

WI-MAX
Submitted By

D.HARITHA
E-mail : haritha.devinani@gmail.com

Department of Computer Science

KMM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
(Affiliated to JNTU, Anantapur)
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KMM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &

SCIENCE
Reg. No : 083G1A0520 Topic : WIMAX

Name : D.HARITHA Course :1I1

B.Tech [CSE]

going to compete.

Abstract
The IEEE 802.16 family of
It’s no secret that wireless standards and its
internet access is growing associated industry
at furious rates in India consortium, WiMax
and rest of the world. Not (Worldwide
only are residences and Interoperability for
businesses steadily Microwave Access)
shifting towards wireless promise to deliver high
networks for ease of data rates over large
access and cost savings, areas to a large number of
but free wireless hotspots users in the near future.
are popping up all over as This exciting addition to
commercial venues like current broadband options
cafes, hotels and even such as DSL, cable, and
restaurants realize that WiFi promises to rapidly
wireless Internet access is provide
becoming a fundamental
customer requirement. In
fact, it is almost requisite
that service-oriented
Broadband access to
businesses have wireless
locations in the worlds
available for their
rural and developing areas
customers if they are
where broadband is
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currently unavailable, as WiMax (IEEE 802.16) and

well as competing for how it actually works
urban market share.
KEYTERMS:
WiMax's competitiveness
in the marketplace largely Abstract
depends on the actual 2. How WiMAX works
data rates and ranges that 3. Network scale
are achieved, but this has 4. IEEE 802.16
specifications
been difficult to judge due
5. What can WiMAX do
to the large number of 6. The WiMAX scenario
possible options and 7. WiFi Vs WiMAX
competing marketing 8. Conclusion
claims. This paper first
9. Glossary
10. References
provides an overview of

How WiMAX run the necessary wires to

those remote locations.
Works?
A WiMAX system consists
In practical terms, WiMAX of two parts:
would operate similar to
WiFi but at higher speeds, • A WiMAX tower,
over greater distances and similar in concept to
for a greater number of a cell-phone tower -
users. WiMAX could A single WiMAX
potentially erase the tower can provide
suburban and rural coverage to a very
blackout areas that large area -- as big
currently have no as 3,000 square
broadband Internet access miles (~8,000
because phone and cable square km).
companies have not yet • A WiMAX receiver
- The receiver and
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antenna could be a • There is the non-

small box or line-of-sight, WiFi
PCMCIA card, or sort of service,
they could be built where a small
into a laptop the antenna on your
way WiFi access is computer connects
today. to the tower. In this
mode, WiMAX uses
A WiMAX tower station can a lower frequency
connect directly to the range -- 2 GHz to
Internet using a high- 11 GHz (similar to
bandwidth, wired WiFi). Lower-
connection (for example, a wavelength
T3 line). It can also transmissions are
connect to another WiMAX not as easily
tower using a line-of-sight, disrupted by
microwave link. This physical
connection to a second obstructions -- they
tower (often referred to as are better able to
a backhaul), along with diffract, or bend,
the ability of a single around obstacles.
tower to cover up to 3,000
square miles, is what There is line-of-sight
allows WiMAX to provide service, where a fixed dish
coverage to remote rural antenna points straight at
areas the WiMAX tower from a
rooftop or pole. The line-
of-sight connection is
What this points out is that stronger and more stable,
WiMAX actually can so it's able to send a lot of
provide two forms of data with fewer errors.
wireless service: Line-of-sight transmissions
use higher frequencies,
with ranges reaching a
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possible 66 GHz. At higher interference and lots more

frequencies, there is less bandwidth.

In above figure the transmission of data through both line of sight (back haul,
tower to tower) and non line of sight (tower to consumers) is shown

WiFi-style access will be station would send data to

limited to a 4-to-6 mile WiMAX-enabled computers
radius (perhaps 25 square or routers set up within
miles or 65 square km of the transmitter's 30-mile
coverage, which is similar radius (2,800 square miles
in range to a cell-phone or 9,300 square km of
zone). Through the coverage). This is what
stronger line-of-sight allows WiMAX to achieve
antennas, the WiMAX its maximum range.
transmitting
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Network scale

The smallest-scale central area, such as a

network is a personal company's headquarters,
area network (PAN). A a coffee shop or your
PAN allows devices to house. Many LANs use
communicate with each WiFi to connect the
other over short distances. network wirelessly.
Bluetooth is the best
example of a PAN. WiMAX is the wireless
solution for the next step
The next step up is a local up in scale, the
area network (LAN). A metropolitan area
LAN allows devices to network (MAN). A MAN
share information, but is allows areas the size of
limited to a fairly small cities to be connected
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The above figure shows how the different wireless networks are placed, based on
their coverage area and Bandwidth

IEEE 802.16 Specifications:

• Range - 30-mile (50- • Frequency bands - 2
km) radius from base to 11 GHz and 10 to 66
station GHz (licensed and

• Speed - 70 unlicensed bands).

megabits per second
• Defines both the
• Line-of-sight not MAC and PHY layers and
needed between user and allows multiple PHY-layers
base station
specifications.

What Can WiMAX Do?

WiMax operates on the users from stealing
same general principles as access.
WiFi -- it sends data from
The fastest WiFi
one computer to another
connection can transmit
via radio signals. A
up to 54 megabits per
computer (either a
second under optimal
desktop or a laptop)
conditions. WiMax should
equipped with WiMax
be able to handle up to 70
would receive data from
megabits per second.
the WiMax transmitting
Even once that 70
station, probably using
megabits is split up
encrypted data keys to
between several dozen
prevent unauthorized
businesses or a few
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hundred home users, it buildings will act to reduce

will provide at least the the maximum range in
equivalent of cable- some circumstances, but
modem transfer rates to the potential is there to
each user. cover huge tracts of land.

The biggest difference If you have a home

isn't speed; it's distance. network, things wouldn't
WiMax outdistances WiFi change much. The WiMAX
by miles. WiFi's range is base station would send
about 100 feet (30 m). data to a WiMAX-enabled
WiMax will blanket a router, which would then
radius of 30 miles (50 km) send the data to the
with wireless access. The different computers on
increased range is due to your network. You could
the frequencies used and even combine WiFi with
the power of the WiMAX by having the
transmitter. Of course, at router send the data to
that distance, terrain, the computers via WiFi.
weather and large

WiMAX doesn't just pose a calls through a broadband

threat to providers of DSL
and cable-modem service.
The WiMAX protocol is
designed to accommodate
several different methods
of data transmission, one
of which is Voice Over
Internet Protocol (VoIP).
VoIP allows people to
make local, long-distance
and even international
Internet connection,
bypassing phone
companies entirely. If
WiMAX-compatible
computers become very
common, the use of VoIP
could increase
dramatically. Almost
anyone with a laptop could
make VoIP calls.
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WiMAX Could Boost Government

Security
In an emergency, system that would be
communication is crucial difficult to destroy with a
for government officials as single, pinpoint attack. A
they cluster of WiMAX
determine the cause of transmitters would be set
the problem, find out who up in range of a key
may be injured and command center but as
coordinate rescue efforts far from each other as
or cleanup operations. A possible. Each transmitter
gas-line explosion or would be in a bunker
terrorist attack could hardened against bombs
sever the cables that and other attacks. No
connect leaders and single attack could destroy
officials with their vital all of the transmitters, so
information networks. the officials in the
command center would
WiMAX could be used to
remain in communication
set up a back-up (or even
at all times .
primary) communications

The WiMAX Scenario

Here's what would happen (some of them should be
if you got WiMAX. An on store shelves in 2007)
Internet service provider or upgrade your old
sets up a WiMAX base computer to add WiMAX
station 10 miles from your capability. You would
home. You would buy a receive a special
WiMAX-enabled computer encryption code that

would give you access to
the base station. The base
station would beam data
from the Internet to your
computer (at speeds
potentially higher than
today's cable modems),
for which you would pay
WiFi vs. WiMAX
WiFi was created in
Norway in 1991, and was
originally designed for
commercial cash register
systems. Today, it
provides wireless
broadband access to any
user with wireless
connectivity technology,
or wireless adapter cards,
within a small range.
Typically, a WiFi signal has
a maximum range of 150
feet indoors and 300 feet
outdoors.
WiMAX serves several
functions in wireless
connectivity, but it was
largely created to provide
“last-mile” broadband
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the provider a monthly
fee. The cost for this
service could be much
lower than current high-
speed Internet-
subscription fees because
the provider never had to
run cables.
connection to homes and
businesses. Instead of
using fixed lines like cable
or telephone line to bring
Internet access into a
building, WiMAX uses
transmitters, like cell-
phone towers, to carry its
signal. WiMax technology
does not require line-of-
sight to the user, so
several subscribers can
connect to a tower, even if
it is blocked by trees or
other buildings. This
makes WiMax particularly
useful and cost-effective
for rural homes and other
locations set in a
geography that would
make laying a traditional

hardwire difficult and
expensive.
WiMAX has a much
greater range than WiFi,
although interpretations of
this range vary. While
engineers have stated that
WiMAX could have a range
of up to 30 miles, field
tests have resulted in a
range radius of between
four and eight miles. Still,
this represents a range far
greater than the few
hundred foot radius of
WiFi.
WiMAX also has some
benefits over WiFi in terms
of connection quality.
When multiple users are
connected to a WiFi
Conclusion
WiMAX and the IEEE
802.16 standard will
revolutionize the
broadband wireless access
industry and open many
opportunities to deploy
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access point, they are
effectively in constant
battle for connection, and
users can experience
varying levels of
broadband width. WiMAX
technology, however,
secures each user with a
constant allotment of
broadband access. Built
into the WiMAX technology
is an algorithm that
establishes a limit to the
number of users per
WiMAX access point. When
a WiMAX tower is nearing
its maximum broadband
capacity, it automatically
redirects additional users
to another WiMAX access
point.
systems in applications
that was previously cost
prohibitive. WiMAX
provides a viable
competitive alternative to
many applications
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currently serviced with market, and it has proved

copper, coax, and fibre both easy to use and
connections. WiMAX is cheap. While businesses
intended complement with large physical space
other wireless standards might want to move to
such as WLAN and cellular WiMAX to avoid buying the
based data networks. many repeater access
Together these provide points required with WiFi,
many options to meet it will be several years
customer needs and grow before WiMAX becomes
the overall opportunity for cheap enough to enter the
wireless systems. residential and small
commercial market.
.WiFi, on the other hand,
has already saturated a
significant percentage of
the wireless

Glossary

• IEEE 802.11 is a include the

group of wireless following: 802.11a,
specifications 802.11b, 802.11g,
developed by the etc.
IEEE for local area • IEEE 802.15, a
network wireless standardization of
communication. It Bluetooth wireless
details a wireless specification
interface between defined by IEEE, is
devices to manage for wireless
packet traffic to personal area
avoid collisions. networks (WPANs).
Some common IEEE 802.15 has
specifications characters such as
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short-range, low • PHY: Physical Layer

power, low cost, Device Physical
small networks and Layer Device (PHY)
communication of is the term used for
devices within a a transceiver in Fast
Personal Operating Ethernet and
Space. Gigabit Ethernet
• IEEE 802.16 systems.
defines wireless • MAC Layer: MAC
service that Layer, short for
provides a Media Access
communications Control Layer, is
path between a one of two sub
subscriber site and layers that make up
a core network such the Data Link Layer
as the public of the OSI model.
telephone network The MAC layer is
and the Internet. responsible for
The Wireless MAN moving data
technology is also packets to and from
branded as WiMAX, one Network
This wireless Interface Card (NIC)
broadband access to another across a
standard provides shared channel
the missing link for .
the "last mile"
• ETSI (European
connection in
Telecommunicatio
metropolitan area
ns Standard
networks where
Institute
DSL, Cable and
European
other broadband
Telecommunicatio
access methods are
ns Standard
not available or too
Institute): ETSI is
expensive.
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an independent, • Network Router: A

non-profit router is a device or
organization, whose a piece of software
mission is to in a computer that
produce forwards and routes
telecommunications data packets along
standards for today networks. A router
and for the future. connects at least
Based in France, two networks,
ETSI is officially commonly two
responsible for LANs or WANs or a
standardization of LAN and its ISP
Information and network. A router is
Communication often included as
Technologies (ICT) part of a network
within Europe. switch. A router is
These technologies located at any
include gateway where one
telecommunications network meets
, broadcasting and another, including
related areas such each point-of-
as intelligent presence
transportation and on the Internet.
medical electronics.

References:
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• www.wimaxforum.o in Cross-Layer
rg Design

• www.wimax.com by Christina
Comaniciu, H.
• www.ieee.org
Vincent Poor,
• WiMAX: Taking
Narayan B.
Wireless to the MAX
Mandayam
by Deepak pareek
• en.wikipedia.org/wik
• Wireless Networks:
i/WiMAX
Multiuser Detection