Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Transfer: What our education system can do
Prepared for
Md. Nur Alam
Assistant Professor
Business Administration Discipline
Khulna University
Prepared by
Name ID
Abdur Rakib Akon 070305
Reza Al Saad 070312
Md. Masrul Mollah 070314
Md. Nazmul Huda 070323
3rd Year, 1st Term
Business Administration Discipline
Khulna University
Date of Submission: June 21, 2009
::Abstract::
Entrepreneurship is a huge subject to develop from the starting level of the students. Most of the people
don’t understand it. Our education system in Bangladesh has the old conventional system of education.
There is no touch of technology. Our people are not also concerned about entrepreneurships. They don’t
know how to foster our economy through entrepreneurship and technology transfer. In this paper we tried
to solve, how our education system can help preventing these problem in basic. We have find out some
critical issues to analyze and solve to make is possible.
1.0 Introduction
A modern synthesis of the entrepreneur is someone who specializes in taking
judgmental decisions about the coordination of scarce resources. In this definition, the
term “someone” emphasizes that the entrepreneur is an individual. Judgmental
decisions are decisions for which no obvious correct procedure exists – a judgmental
decision cannot be made simply by plugging available numbers into a scientific formula
and acting on the basis of the number that comes out. The entrepreneur is always a
revolutionist as he is dealing with possibilities, not the certain things. And for making a
good assumption that can support the possibilities, technology can be the main
supporting tool.
Entrepreneurship is hugely related with technology, creativity and innovative ideas to
bring new dimension in the sector of small and medium enterprises. Individuals,
whether they are working in an existing organization or unemployed at the time of their
discovery, are the entities that discover opportunities.1 Technology can bring some
opportunities for the entrepreneurs and those opportunities can act as scopes for the
stakeholders of the enterprises too, so that they can present themselves in more
detailed form.
Enterprises are sets of different individuals who act as agents for entrepreneurial
growth. There are some factors that can influence those individuals through some new
ideas, technologies or any other placement or forms of the entrepreneurial activities,
but education has the most emphasizing power among them. That is the reason which
inspires technology and innovation to work under a single umbrella.
In short we can say that we have tried to join the technology and education to develop
entrepreneurship in the perspective of Bangladesh. Though education is not of that
standard but recent days in our country entrepreneurial activities got far more
popularity, so we will try to show that how the education can change the whole scenario
by increasing the number of entrepreneurs through entrepreneurship and technology
transfer.
2.0 Literature Review
In our country we have various educational systems that can teach us about professional
level but not the professional skills. As we are not getting the touch of professional skills,
the students of our country are not motivated to go for entrepreneurship. As education
system is not giving the right direction people are choosing to get employed under a
boss rather than working independently in his own business. That stiff education is
causing the technology to lag behind as it is not giving any scope to spread out
technology.
1
For a survey of the literature on cognition ‐ Camerer, Loewenstein, and Prelec, (2005)
Let’s come to the point of technological development in our country. We are using
internet, wi‐max, portable PCs, highly efficient PDA phones, optical fiber network but
those are still out of reach to most of the local entrepreneurs. So our main concern is
that, ‘isn’t the technological development is required for the development of
entrepreneurship?’ It is the question for answer to be found……
Through the passage of time our education system has proliferated their services, but
surprisingly it always neglected the importance of technology. For this most of the
people are unknown of the benefit of the technology. This is why our education system
workforce is liable for the scarcity of skilled professionals in our country. In one hand
education is not supporting technological knowledge, and on the other hand
entrepreneurial activities are not backed by the proper education system, so that a gap
always exists between entrepreneurship and technology transfer.
Whatever to relate technology with entrepreneurial activities many scholars did fibulas
work throughout their lifetime. One of them is Schumpeter. He thought of knowledge
economy to develop entrepreneurial processes. In his Theory of Economic Development,
Schumpeter is curiously uninterested in where the basic ideas for innovations, be they
technological or organizational, come from. Schumpeter does not view the entrepreneur
as having anything to do with their generation: “It is not part of his function to “find” or
“create” new possibilities. They are always present, abundantly accumulated by all sorts
of people. Often they are generally known and being discussed by scientific or literary
writers. In other cases there is nothing to discuss about them, because they are quite
obvious (Schumpeter, 1911 [1934], 88).
Another famous scholar we can name that is Kirzner. He said that, “the creation of new
knowledge gives rise to new opportunities through knowledge spillovers; therefore,
entrepreneurial activity does not involve simply the arbitrage of opportunities”.
From this it can be realized when some factors are needed for fulfilling any specific goal,
it is needed the combination of those factors. Such as the combination of
entrepreneurial activities and technology transfer can be the result of specialized
education.
2.1 Problem Statement
We are dealing with the scope of education in case of entrepreneur and technology
transfer. In our country we are lacking of having entrepreneurs. It is because of the
proper education. From our childhood we are grown up in such a way that inspires
us to do a job rather than doing our own business. It is the fault in our education
system. Though only a few are doing so, but they are not backed by the modern
technology. As a result their risk taking capacity and initiatives are not resulted in
success.
From the Schumpeterian view of knowledge spillover, labor and public knowledge
practices are related with ‘product specified research’ and ‘sector specified
products’ respectively (Luc Soete, Bas Teer Weel). Here researches are the results of
technology transfer and products are the result entrepreneurial activities.
So now we have some steps to determine how to combine the entrepreneurship and
technological spillover through education.
2.2 Objectives of the Report
Our main concern is entrepreneurship supported by required technology and
combination of these two is backed proper education. We have tried to find out the
conventional role played by the education and how it can play its role if positive
changes are brought. Our main objective is to develop and lead Bangladeshi
education system to a position from where it can act as a supporting tool for the
entrepreneurship development.
Our specified objectives are finding out the answers of the questions given below.
1. How can we think more systematically about entrepreneurship theory?
2. How do we create materials to engage students?
3. What exactly is the higher purpose of entrepreneurship education?
2.3 Scope of the study
We have lacking in some our entrepreneurial policies (Abul Mal Abdul Muhit,
Finance Minister, Government Republic of Bangladesh). Though it is in a small extent
but some initiatives are taken in the recent budget to overcome those lacking in our
entrepreneurial policies. Initiatives have been taken to provide education that can
emphasize entrepreneurship. Our private sectors such as NGOs, banks and other
cooperative organizations are coming up with various initiatives though those are
not in a great extent. And this makes our scope for the study of entrepreneurship
and knowledge spillover.
3.0 Methodology
For submission in the due time we have preferred the hypothesis and thorough study of
related documents with our topic. We have managed many secondary data from
internet and made a generalized view from those, and then developed the ideas if ours.
We couldn’t through a survey but we talked with some guys within our campus. We
talked with the students about their thoughts. Some informal interviews helped us a lot.
But basically this report is made based on secondary data. First, we pointed out the
problems of technology system and what our education system is doing on it. Second,
we discussed and analyzed it.
And finally we have concluded our decision through some interactive process by
analyzing the people concepts and ideas.
4.0 Observation
Conducting the observation we have found several major shortcomings in our education
system. Those systems are mainly reasons for making the student not innovative. Man
has talent but to furnish that talent and to implement their ideas organized education
system is needed. But a system is needed to be set up in comparing to technological
developments and entrepreneurial growth activities.
Here are some observations we cited and those are analyzed in the latter part of our
paper.
4.1 Our Vocational Educational System is not organized
Whatever our education system is, there are also problem in our infrastructures. Our
schools, colleges and universities don’t design the courses that can influence our
innovative and creative skills. To make up entrepreneurial environment we need to
set up some spilling systems into our different education system.
But for this job to be done we need a huge workgroup. That cannot be served from
only the public sides. There are also bigger necessities of Government handlings. We
need to make a one way education system to bring all the students under one
ceiling. Then they can be served as a whole in all the branches in a simple and
organized way.
4.2 Technical Education System is influencing entrepreneurship
In our country entrepreneurial culture is mostly influenced by the technical
education system of our country. This is a very positive activity for our society and
economy. Technical education board is training people in various skill development
workshops and trainings, so that people can involve their knowledge and creativity
into their professional life. And this is improving day by day. Our trained people are
renowned for their skills in many places around the world.
Our technical education system provides certification on training in very many
challenging and potential sectors and subjects those are really helpful for our nation.
Some of those are – farming education (poultry, nursery, hatchery etc.), garments
education (spooling, swing etc.), computer courses (office management, graphics,
programming etc.) and very many subjects are included in the syllabus items of the
technical education board.
And this is the most effective system of our country those nurture entrepreneurial
sector so efficiently. May be we should follow some of the policies for all other the
educational systems to motivate people to create a suitable entrepreneurial
environment in our country.
4.3 We are not acknowledged about our available technologies
From the beginning we have been saying the technological lacking of our country.
People are not aware of our technology. We are not sure even how many well
educated people in our country know about how to use internet, we can easily
ignore the scope of wi‐max or GrameenPhone internet services. We are saying that
lights are coming, but still this is so far. Digital Bangladesh can be project, but
implementation of that project will cost a heavy amount.
We have a densely populated country, and among our over 14 crore people only 5 to
6 crore people are getting the facilities of mobile phone technologies. But not
among them everybody knows how to get the maximized service from this
technology. They only use to talk and message one another, not the other options
are recognized or operational for them.
Now come to PC technology. Business is now in so much matured form in our
country. But do those businesses are capable to compete with the alien
competitors? The answer is those business don’t use technological supports, how
can they compete with the organizations can handle any type of newer technology
so easily and apply in their businesses. Here proper influence and training are
needed for the support of our local entrepreneurs and initiators. Then this should be
helpful to motivate more people to cope over with some new creative and
innovative business services and products. That can make our economic conditions
better.
4.4 Instability of our country sectors
Our country politics and some of our economic sectors are so much instable so that
we can’t move with our regular operation in a smooth way sometimes. Just we can
observe our previous government’s period. Inflation and so much political influences
affected not only our business sectors, but also the people’s mindsets and attitudes.
And now the condition is better. But political leaders are not much interested in
education system development still in these days. Still we are using the old
fashioned figure in education system.
Now what we have to do is to come over some creative and innovative ideas to give
people the taste of practice in educational life. Digitalization is one of the main
factors. And also we have to prepare our students to have much knowledge to
compete with each other in this global era with the necessary information.
4.5 We have talked to some guys
We talked with some guys of our environment. We talked to our friends, classmates,
and some people around us. They have come with very many ideas and possible
scopes to work with. Some of the points have been sorted out –
1. Science, engineering, and technology challenges must be faced off with some
necessary steps.
2. Students must be prepared for commercial challenges from every sector of
study to encourage entrepreneurship.
3. Community engagement between business industries and educational
institutions may be great help.
4. We must identify the agents from business and technology that influence
education, as well as the agents from educations that influence
entrepreneurship and technology transfer.
5. We need to differentiate between technology transfer because of education
system and without technology running business and develop a structure to
make a course for those businesses.
5.0 Analysis & Discussion
From all the discussions above we can have a short view of these followings –
1. It turned out quite complicated to analyze the technology transfer operations in
perspective of Bangladesh.
2. It is preferable to have data on technology transfer operations from outside
sources than the operations itself.
3. This is a critical issue that how the assessment of the performance of the support
programs will be accumulated.
4. There are several challenges to meet from the side of education and
technological knowledge transfer.
Now we have decided to solve these problems not in the one by one system, we have to
solve all the problems in combine. The reason behind this is those issues cannot be
separated from each other. We have to find some possible ways to treat the problems
and solve them by setting a course.
6.0 Conclusion
This paper has tried to identify the core concepts about entrepreneurship and the
transfer of technological knowledge through it, and the education system’s
responsibilities.
In our country most of the bodies related to education aren’t concerned about the
importance of technology as well as entrepreneurship. They think about employment
hosted by others can be a safe opportunity for us. But this is lagging behind our
economy, nothing else. And the entrepreneurs are coming ahead, most of them aren’t
properly trained or educated, many of them know how to use technology, is it possible
to increase production by technology or not. These are the basic factors. We have to
encourage people to businesses. Then we have to aware them about newer
technologies. And this can only be done by our education system. From the students the
potentials can come out.
7.0 References
Joltan J. Acs, David B. Audretsch, Pontus Braunerhjelm, and Bo Carlsson; 2006, The
Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship, Paper No. 77, November
Siri Brorstad Borlaug, Leo Grünfeld, Magnus Gulbrandsen, Einar Rasmussen, Lars
Rønning, Olav R. Spilling og Evgueni Vinogradov; 2009, Between Entrepreneurship
and Technology Transfer: Evaluation of FORNY Programme, NIFU Step Rapport, Oslo,
April
Maria Helena Guimarães and Ana Paula Faria; 2006, Non‐Tarrif Measures in Intra EU
Trade: Sectoral and Country Incidence, Brussels, November
Luc Soete and Bas ter Weel; Schumpeter and Knowledge‐Based Economy: On
technology and Competition Policy, Maastricht
Audretsch, David.B.; 1995, Innovation and Industry Evolution, Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press
Krugman, Paul; 1991, “Increasing Returns and Economic Geography.” Journal of Political
Economy, 99(3), p. 483‐99