DRUG STUDIES

DRUG NAME ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING

S EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIE
S

GENERIC Citicoline is a Cerebrovascular Parasympathetic hypertonia GI: Stomach pain, Somazine must not be
NAME: complex organic disorders Diarrhea administered along with
CITICOLINE molecule that including ischemic medicaments containing
functions as an stroke, HEART: meclophenoxate
intermediate in the Parkinsonism & hypotension,
BRAND
biosynthesis of cell head injury. tachycardia,
NAMES: membrane bradycardia
phospholipids. It
ROUTE: is also known as
Oral CDP- choline or
cytidine
Frequency: diphosphate choline
BID (cytidine 5'-
diphosphocholine).
Form: CDP- choline
Capsule belongs to the
group of
biomolecules in
Dosage: living systems
1 gm known as
nucleotides that
play important roles
in cellular
metabolism.
 DRUG NAME ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING
S EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIE
S

GENERIC Osmotic pressure Reduction of Hypersensitivity, severe BRAIN: • Check

NAME: of Glomerullar increased renal disease, Dizziness, neurologic status
Mannitol Filtration, which intracranial dehydration, pulmonary Headache,
inhibits tubular pressure, congestion convulsions, • Check fluid
BRAND reabsorption of promotion of rebound volume status
NAMES: H2O, electrolyte diuresis, intracranial
Osmofundin 20% and increases promoting urinary pressure, • Monitor
Urinary Output excretion of toxic confusion, manifestation of
ROUTE: substances seizure electrolyte
IV imbalance:
hypokalemia.

Form:
For IV injection

Dosage:
100cc
 DRUG NAME ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING
S EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIE
S

GENERIC Inhibits HMG-CoA • Adjunct to diet in Contraindicated with allergy CNS: Headache, Responsibilities:
NAME: reductase, the the treatment of to asthenia, • Assess nutrition: fat,
Simvastatin enzyme that elevated total simvastatin, sleep disturbances protein, carbohydrates
catalyzes the first cholestrol and LDL fungal byproducts,
step in the cholesterol with pregnancy, GI: Flatulence, • Monitor bowel pattern
BRAND NAME:
cholesterol primary lactation. diarrhea, daily
Zocor
synthesis pathway, hypercholesterole abdominal pain,
resulting in a mia (types IIa and cramps, • Monitor triglycerides,
ROUTE: decrease in serum IIb) in those constipation, cholesterol
oral cholesterol, serum unresponsive to nausea, dyspepsia, baseline
LDLs, and either dietary restriction heartburn, liver throughout
Frequency: an increase or no of saturated fat failure treatment
OD change in serum and cholesterol
HDLs. and other RESPI: Sinusitis, Precautions:
Form: nonpharmacologic pharyngitis Past liver disease,
tablet measures alcoholism,
OTHERS: severe acute
• To reduce the risk Rhabdomyolysis, infections,
Dosage:
of coronary acute renal failure, trauma, severe
40 mg disease, mortality, arthralgia, myalgia metabolic
and CV events, disorders,
including stroke, electrolyte
TIA, MI and imbalances,
reduction in need elderly, renal
for bypass surgery disease
and angionplasty
in patients
DRUG NAME ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING
S EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIE
S

GENERIC Unknown. Thought to • Vasospastic • Contraindicated in CNS: dizziness, • Monitor blood

NAME: inhibit calcium ion angina, patient light-headedness, pressure regularly,
Nifedipine influx across cardiac classic hypertensive to somnolence, especially in
and smooth muscle chronic stable drug. headache, patients who take
cells, decreasing angina • Use cautiously in weakness, beta blockers or
contractility and pectoris. patients with heart syncope, antihypertensives.
BRAND
oxygen demand. Also failure or nervousness. • Don’t give
NAMES: may dilate coronary • Hypertension hypotension and in immediate- release
arteries and arterioles. elderly patients. Use CV: peripheral form with in 1
Adalat, edema,
extended- release week of acute MI
Procardia, hypotension,
tablets cautiously in or in acute
Nifedical XL, palpations, heart
patients with severe coronary
Nifediac CC failures, MI,
GI narrowing. syndrome.
flushing.
ROUTE:
Oral EENT: nasal
congestion
Frequency:
OD GI: Nausea,
diarrhea,
Form: constipation,
abdominal
Tablet
discomfort.
Dosage: Metabolic:
30mg Hypokalemia

Musculoskeletal:
Mucsle cramps
DRUG NAME ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE NURSING
S EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIE
S
• Contraindicated in
GENERIC Competitively • Duodenal and patients CNS: Vertigo, Assess patient for
NAME: inhibits action of gastric ulcer: pathologic hypertensive to malase, headache abdominal pain. Note
Ranitidine histamine on the hypersecretory conditions drug and those with presence of blood in
H2 at receptor such as Zollinger Ellison acute porphyria. EENT: blurred emesis, stool, or gastric
sites of parietal Syndrome. • Use cautiously in vision aspirate.
BRAND
cells, decreasing • Maitenace therapy patients with hepatic
NAMES: gastric acid Hepatic:
for duodenal or gastric dysfunction. Adjust
secretion. ulcer dosage in patients jaundice
Zantac,
Zantac 150, • Gastroesophageal with impaired renal
reflux disease function. Other: Burning
Zantac 75, and itching at
Zantac 300 • Erosive esophagitis
injection site,
• Heartburn
anaphylaxis,
ROUTE: angioedema
IV

Form:
For IV

Dosage:
50 mg IV
DRUG NAME ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING
EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIES
 Imidapril is
GENERIC Imidapril prevents the Aortic stenosis or Dizziness, Peripheral vascular
conversion of primarily headache,
NAME: outflow tract diseases, generalised
angiotensin I to indicated in obstruction; fatigue, GI and atherosclerosis,
Imidrapil taste
angiotension II by renovascular disease; idiopathic or hereditary
inhibiting ACE. It conditions like disturbances,
BRAND ascites. Pregnancy and angioedema, heart
may also inhibit the Essential persistent dry
NAMES: lactation. cough and other failure, patients likely
degradation of
Cardipril hypertension, upper respiratory to be salt or water
bradykinin. It reduces
tract symptoms, depleted. Assess renal
preload and afterload Hypertension.
in heart failure, and skin rash, function before and
ROUTE:
reduces left angioedema, during therapy;
Oral photosensitivity, monitor for proteinuria.
ventricular
remodelling in MI. renal impairment, Conduct regular WBC
Frequency: Absorption:
hyperkalaemia, counts in SLE and
OD hyponatraemia, scleroderma patients.
Absorption of
blood disorders,
imidapril is about Liver cirrhosis.
proteinuria, chest
Form: 70%; peak plasma pain, palpitations,
Discontinue diuretics 2-
Tablet levels of imidaprilat tachycardia, 3 days before starting
reached in about 7 hr. stomatitis, therapy and resume
Dosage: Distribution: pancreatitis, later if required.
Protein-binding: 85% cholestatic Elderly.
10 mg (imidapril); 53% jaundice,
(imidaprilat). alopecia, muscle
Metabolism: cramps,
Imidapril is paraesthesias,
hydrolysed to mood and sleep
imidaprilat in the disturbances,
liver. impotence.
Excretion: 40% of an Potentially
oral dose is excreted Fatal: Excessive
renally, the remaining hypotension,
dose in the faeces. which could result
Terminal half-life: in MI or stroke in
>24 hr (imidaprilat). patients with
ischaemic heart
disease or
cerebrovascular
disease.
 DRUG NAME ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING
EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIES
• Chemical To relieve • Use cautiously in
GENERIC NAME: Effect: • CNS: tremor, • Drug may decrease
bronchospasm patients with CV nervousness, sensitivity of spirometry
Albuterol disorders
associated with acute dizziness, insomnia, used for diagnosis of
Albuterol or chronic asthma, (including headache, asthma.
BRAND NAMES: may reduce hyperactivity,
Salbutamol bronchitis, or other coronary
chemical weakness, CNS
• When switching patient
reversible insufficiency and stimulation, malaise.
mediator from regular to extended-
ROUTE: release from obstructive airway hypertension),
Inhalants diseases. Also used hyperthyroidism, • CV: tachycardia, release tablets, remember
pulmonary palpitations,
or diabetes that a regular 2-mg tablet
mast cells and to prevent exercise- hypertension.
Frequency: improve ability induced mellitus and in every 6 hours is equivalent
PRN of cilia to clear bronchospasm. those who are • EENT: dry and to an extended-release 4-mg
mucus. irritated nose and tablet every 12 hours.
unusually throat with inhaled • Syrup contains no alcohol or
responsive to form, nasal
Form: sugar and may be taken by
adrenergics. congestion, epistaxis, children as
hoarseness. young as age 2.
• Therapeut
Dosage: ic Effect: • GI: heartburn, • In children, syrup may
5.0 mg nausea, vomiting, rarely cause erythema
Albuterol • Use extended- anorexia, altered multiforme or
release tablets taste, increased
is a direct- • Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
appetite.
acting agent cautiously in
patients with GI • The HFA form uses the
that relaxes •Respiratory:
propellant hydrofluroalkane
smooth muscle narrowing. bronchospasm,
(HFA) instead of
walls of the cough, wheezing,
chlorofluorocarbons.
• Contraindicated in dyspnea, bronchitis,
bronchi, uterus, increased sputum.
and skeletal patient • Alert: Patient may use
hypertensive to the tablets and aerosol together.
muscle
drug. Monitor these
vascular bed patients closely for signs
and symptoms of toxicity.
 DRUG NAME ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICAT ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
IONS RESPONSIBILITIES
GENERIC For the Although it has Phenytoin is - bloody nose; • full effectiveness of
NAME: control of been used in contraindicate - blurred or double vision; PO administered
generalized many d in those - constipation; hydantoins is
- dark urine;
phenytoin tonic-clonic conditions, patients who
- difficulty coordinating delayed
(grand mal) phenytoin's are
movements; and may take 6-9 days
and complex only approved hypersensitive - difficulty swallowing;
BRAND NAMES: to be fully
partial use is as an to phenytoin or - drowsiness; established
Dilantin (psychomotor anti-seizure other - easy bruising; • when
, temporal medication hydantoins. - fever; hydantoins
lobe) seizures (anticonvulsant - headache; are substituted for
and ), especially to - increased hair growth; or
ROUTE:
prevention prevent tonic- - insomnia; added to another
ORAL
- loss of taste and appetite; antivconvulsant
and clonic (grand
- mental confusion; medication, their
Frequency: treatment of mal) seizures
- muscle twitching; dosage is gradually
TID seizures and complex - nervousness;
occurring partial seizures increased, while
- redness, irritation, bleeding, dosage of the
Form: during or (psychomotor and swelling of the gums;
Tablet other
following seizures). It - skin rash; drug isdecreased
neurosurgery. may be used - slurred speech; • avoid IM, SC or
alone or with - sore throat; pervascular
Dosage: phenobarbital - stomach pain; injections
50mg - swollen glands;
or other • list reasons for
- tiny purple-colored skin
anticonvulsants theray, onset,
spots;
. characteristics of
- unusual bleeding;
signs and
- upset stomach;
symptoms
- vomiting;
• note history and
- weight loss;
nature of seizures,
- yellowing of the skin or
addressing location,
eyes;
frequency and
duration
DRUG NAME ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
ONS RESPONSIBILITIES
GENERIC Management Metformin is Impaired renal Lactic acidosis • Inform the patient of
NAME: of type 2 primarily suited for the functions and occurs rarely (0.03 potential
treatment of subjects situations that could risks/advantages of
diabetes cases/ 1,000
with non-insulin- lead thereto (severe therapy and of
METFORMIN mellitus as dependent diabetes patients) but s a
infections, surgery, alternative modes of
monotheraph mellitus (type II serious, often fatal therapy.
intravenous
BRAND NAMES: y or diabetes). Compared (50%) complication. • Assess Hemoglobin,
pyelography).
Glucophage, concomitantly to other antidiabetic
Characterized by hematocrit, red
Glumetza, Fortamet, agents, it has the Cirrhosis of the liver,
with an oral advantages of hepatitis. Alcoholism. increase in blood blood cellsm and
Glucophage XR serum creatinine
sulfonylurea lowering rather than Advanced lactate levels (more
prior to initiation of
ROUTE: or insulin. increasing body cardiovascular or than 5 mmol/L),
weight, of not causing general diseases.
therapy.
ORAL Unlabeled decrease in blood • Monitor fasting
hypoglycemia, and of
indication: entailing a reduction pH, electrolyte blood glucose,
Frequency: Treatment of of triglycerides and disturbances. hemoglobin a, and
TID metabolic LDL-cholesterol Symptoms include renal function.
complications levels. Metformin is unexplained • Monitor renal
therefore function test for
Form: of AIDS, hyperventilation,
recommended in evidence of early
Tablet weight single drug therapy myalgia, malaise, lactic acidosis.
reduction, especially for obese and somnolence. • If patient is on oral
prediabetes. subjects. In the May advance to sulfonylureas, assess
Dosage: majority of the treated
cardiovascular for hypoglycemia.
500mg subjects, a lowering
• Be alert to
of blood glucose collapse (shock),
levels by at least 25% acute CHF, acute MI, conditions that alter
is achieved glucose
and prerenal
requirements: fever,
azotemia. increased activity or
stress, surgical
procedure.

DRUG NAME ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING

ONS RESPONSIBILITIES
GENERIC Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin is Any previous • Superinfection • Question for
NAME: inhibits an used in the adverse reaction (especially history of
enzyme called treatment of to Ciprofloxacin. enterococcal and hypersensitivity to
Ciprofloxacin DNA gyrase chronic Avoid giving to fungal) Ciprofloxacin or
that is an bacterial adolescents, • Nephropathy Quinolones.
essential prostatitis. It is pregnant or • Cardiopulmonary • May be given
component of also used in the lactating women, arrest without regards to
BRAND NAMES: the mechanism treatment of those with known • Cerebral meals. Preferred
Cipro, Cipro I.V., that passes neurological thrombosis may dosing time 2
skin or skin
Proquin XR,
genetic problems. occur hours after meals.
Cipro XR structure, GI
• Arthropathy may • Do not administer
information onto tract, bone or
occur if given to antacids within 2
daighter cells joint, lower
ROUTE: children <18 years. hours of
ORAL when a cell respiratory • Sensitization may Ciprofloxacin.
divides. tract, and contraindicate later • Encourage
Frequency: urinary tract systemic use of cranberry juice or
BID infections. Ciprofloxacin citrus fruits.
Ciprofloxacin is • Evaluate food
Form: also used in the tolerance.
Tablet treatment of • Determine pattern
chancroid. of bowel activity.
• Check for
Dosage: dizziness,
500mg headache, visual
difficulties, and
tremors.

• Observe
therapeutic
response.

DRUG NAME ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING

ONS RESPONSIBILITIES
GENERIC NAME: Clonidine binds Catapres® Catapres® Sedation, dry mouth. • Do not discontinue abruptly;
Clonidine α2-AR with higher (clonidine (clonidine Clonidine also causes discontinue therapy by reducing the
dosage
affinity than hydrochloride hydrochloride Na+ and H2O retention.
gradually over 2–4 days to avoid
α1-AR. The α2- USP) is USP) Tablets Abrupt withdrawal may rebound hypertension, tachycardia,
BRAND NAMES: agonistic activity indicated in the should not be induce hypertensive flushing,
Catapres contributes to its treatment of used in crisis. Do not give to nausea, vomiting, cardiac
BP-lowering patients who are at risk arrhythmias (hypertensive
hypertension. patients with encephalopathy and death
ROUTE: effect due to Catapres may known of mental
have occurred after abrupt
ORAL negative feedback be employed hypersensitivit depression, or are cessation of clonidine).
at the presynaptic taking tricyclic • Do not discontinue prior to
alone or y to clonidine
Frequency: neurons. When antidepressants. surgery; monitor BP carefully
concomitantly (see during surgery; have
BID given i.v.,
clonidine induces a with other PRECAUTIONS other BP-controlling drugs readily
antihypertensiv ). available.
Form: brief rise of BP,
Tablet which is followed e agents.
• Store epidural injection at room
by proloned temperature; discard any unused
hypotension. In portions.
Dosage: addition, clonidine
150mg is thought to bind • Reevaluate therapy if clonidine
tolerance occurs; giving
imidazoline concomitant diuretic
receptors (IR) increases the antihypertensive
that have not efficacy of clonidine.
been • Monitor BP carefully when
molecularly discontinuing clonidine;
cloned. hypertension usually returns
within 48 hr.

• Assess compliance with drug

regimen in a supportive manner
with pill counts, or
other methods