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THEORY BUILDING IN INDUSTRIAL AND
ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
Jane Webster
and
William H. Starbuck
SUMMARY
substantive paradigm.
1985).
his hypotheses.
figurative modeling.
of effectiveness.
improved by:
factors,
categories,
hierarchies, and
relationships, so we use r.
research have not noted any dramatic results from the use
recognized.
separately here.
relationships.
Sources
satisfaction
Vroom (1964)
Vroom (1964)
Performance
Locke et al. (1980)
Mann (1959)
Stogdill (1948)
Measures
Results
Figures 1-4 present the minimum, maximum and average
occurred over time; and four figures (1(b), 2(a), 2(b) and
all of these effects account for less than five per cent of
the variance.
Moreover, four of these relationships (2(a), 2(b), 3(a)
over time.
economic value and goal setting costs very little, then goal
after the first years. This may have happened for any of
questionnaires.
PARADIGM CONSENSUS
research .
The field does not have very well worked out ideas about
centred on method.
hypothesis tests that they often make them when they are
1978).
design.
Importance 35 38 34
Methodology 26 25 27
Logic 24 24 24
Presentation 15 13 16
Scientific 53 54 53
contribution
Practical utility 28 31 26
Readers 19 14 21
interest in
topic
Design 38 39 37
Measurement 31 30 32
Analysis 31 31 31
Objects of Imitation
observed:
confirmed or disconfirmed.
Measures
chance of publication.
Results
citing half-lives longer than five years, the figure that Line
five years; this field is both quite new and changing with
other psychologists.
charges.
substantive beliefs.
for the sake of argument, that this were so. Then all
are close to zero; and (b) that the so-called random errors
geographic location.
meaningful ones.
Measures
make them fit the data. None the less, many correlation
correlations of zero.
Results
Figure 7 shows the observed distribution of correlations.
correlation of zero.
Observations
observations
Mean .140 .117 .064
correlations
correlations
tails:
correlations
correlations
Studies with large numbers of observations exhibit
average.
1972, pp.61-7).
I/O psychologists with applied orientations might
methods.
random errors.
cannot be reconciled.
SUMMARY
measure. For the reasons just stated, this did not surprise
variance explained.
findings.
questionnaires.
theories.
make progress.
base lines:
account.)
1943).
Social Propositions:
Reinforcement Propositions:
consensus.)
policies:
complex phenomena.
REFERENCES
Abelson, R. P., Aronson, E., McGuire, W. J., Newcomb, T.
Bass.
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105.
691-700.
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824-845.
471.
65.
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Performance, 3, 157-189.
1297-1349.
543-553.
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Science, 5, 86-92.
Nelson, N., Rosenthal, R. and Rosnow, R. L. (1986)
952.
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285.
Lexington, 3-22.
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Shames, M. L. (1987) Methodocentricity, theoretical
York: Macmillan.
183-196.
Press, 24 1-272.
Snyder, M. (1981) Seek, and ye shall find: Testing
277-303.
Rand-McNally, 1069-1123.
Interscience, 167-198.
Starbuck, W. H. (1985) Acting first and thinking later:
336-372.
Ballinger.
235-282.
Business Research.
London: Benn.
Macmillan.
Press.
Wiley.
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Walster, E., Berscheid, E. and Waister, G. W. (1973) New
McNally.
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100.
[1]
We thank Jane Dutton, Steve Kerr and Terry Mitchell for
[2]
We searched the Academy of Management
[3]
Mitchell et al. did not make comparisons among the five
respondent.
[4]
Salancik s organizations group consisted
[5]
The graphed data for chemistry and physics come from
[6]
These data were published by the American
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