1

Physics
Paper 2

1 An aeroplane on an aircraft carrier must reach a minimum speed of 70 ms -1 to safely take off. The
mass of the aeroplane is 28 000 kg.

(a) The aeroplane accelerates from rest to its minimum take off speed in 2 s.

(i) Calculate the acceleration of the aeroplane. [2m]

( ii ) Calculate the force required to produce this acceleration. [2m]

( iii ) The aeroplane’s engines provide a total thrust of 240 kN. An additional force is supplied by a
catapult to produce the acceleration required.
Calculate the force supplied by the catapult. [2m]

(b) Later, the same aeroplane travelling at a speed of 65 m s-1, touches down on the carrier.

(i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the aeroplane at this speed. [2m]

( ii ) The graph shows the motion

of the aeroplane from the point
when it touches down on the
carrier until it stops.
Calculate the distance travelled by
the aeroplane on the carrier. [ 2 m ]

1
 2
2 An advertising board is hung supported by
two wires as shown.

(a) Calculate the weight of the board. [1m]

(b) (i) Mark on the diagram, the direction

of the tensions in the wires, T1 dan T2
acting on the board [1m]
( ii ) Mark and label the direction of the
weight of the board [1m]

(c) By resolving the forces, write equations to

represent the relationship between them
in the horizontal and the vertical directions
[2m]

horizontal direction : .............................................................................................................................

vertical direction : ....................................................................................................................................

(d) In the empty space below, sketch a vector triangle to represent the three forces acting on the notice
board. You do not need to determine the values of T1 and T2 but the relevant angles must be shown
clearly [3m]

2
 3
3 The diagram shows a manometer used
to measure the pressure difference
between the air inside a plastic
container and the atmosphere outside. manometer
A pressure difference of 100Pa causes a
one centimetre difference in water
levels.

metre rule
(a) Using the diagram, determine the
pressure difference in Pa shown by
the manometer.

pressure difference = ......................Pa [1m]

water

(b) State what changes, if any, would

occur to the distance h in the
diagram if

(i) the manometer tube is narrower, [1m]

...........................................................................................................................................................

( ii ) a liquid denser than water is used in the manometer. [1m]

..............................................................................................................................................................

(c) The pressure difference measured by the manometer is caused by a student standing on the platform.
The cross-sectional area of the platform is 0.1m2.

(i) Calculate the weight of the student. [2m]

3
 4
4 A little air at room temperature is trapped by a short column of
mercury in a thin-walled capillary tube of uniform internal
diameter. The tube is stood upright as shown in the diagram. thin-walled
The atmospheric pressure at room temperature is P capillary
tube

(a) What is the pressure of the trapped air ?

( a numerical value is not required ) [ 1 m ]

mercury
…………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………….
air

(b) The tube is now laid horizontally.

(i) What happens to the volume of the trapped air ? [1m]

…………………………………………………………………………….……………………..

( ii ) Explain your answer to ( b ) [ i ] [2m]

..............................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

(c) The arrangement as shown in the diagram can be used as a thermometer at constant atmospheric
pressure.

(i) State briefly the steps involved in calibrating this glass tube if it is to be used as a
thermometer. (Experimental details are not required) [3m]

..............................................................................................................................................................

. ..............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

( ii ) This thermometer as calibrated will not be suitable for use in different places around the world.
Explain why. [ 1m]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4
 5
(d) The capillary tube is then placed vertically in a tall beaker of water. The water is slowly heated. A
student records the change in the length of the trapped air column ( l ) with the temperature ( T ) as
shown below

T,oC 0 20 40 60 80

l, cm 10.0 10.8 11.5 12.4 13.3

(i) Plot the graph l against T on the grid below [3m]

( ii ) Determine from your graph the length of the trapped air column when T = - 30 o C .
[ Show clearly how you obtain your answer ] [2m]

length of air column = …………………………..

( iii ) On cooling further, the volume of the trapped air column with decrease even more. Explain why the
volume of the air column becomes smaller and why, in reality, it will never reach zero. [2m]

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5
 6
5 (a) The graph represents changes in a
5.00-kilogram sample of a substance
as it absorbs heat at a constant rate of
41.9 kilojoules per minute.

(i) State the melting point of the

substance. [1m]

………………………………………..

( ii ) Assuming that no heat is to lost to the

surroundings, what is the amount of
heat absorbed by the substance from
the time it was heated until it starts to
boil ? [2m]

( iii ) Calculate the specific latent heat of vaporization of the substance. [2m]

(b) A person running in a race generates, on average, 800 J of heat energy every second. Half of this heat
energy is lost from the body by the evaporation of water.

(i) Explain, in terms of molecules, how the loss of water by evaporation cools the body. [2 m ]

..............................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

6
 7

( ii ) Calculate the mass of water evaporated from the body in a 2 hour race. The specific latent heat of
vaporization of water is 2.25 x 106 J kg-1 . [3m]

(c) Suggest two ways by which the runner can cool his body faster while running [2m]

..............................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

6 A person suffering from a sight defect has

difficulty seeing the picture on a cinema
screen.
The diagram on the right shows rays
of light from the screen entering an retina
eye of the person until the rays reach the
retina.
light rays
from
screen
(a) (i) What sight defect does this person
suffer from ? [1m]

………………………………………………..

( ii ) In the dotted box in diagram below,

draw the shape of lens that would
correct this eye defect. [ 1 m ]

( ii ) In the same diagram, complete the path of the rays of light from this lens until they reach the
retina [2 m ]

light rays
from retina
screen

7
 8

(b) Doctors use an instrument called an

endoscope to examine internal organs
of a patient.
It has two separate bundles of optical
fibres that are flexible.

A section of the optical fibre used in the endoscope is shown below.

(i) Complete the diagram to show how light is transmitted along the optical fibre. [2m]

( ii ) Explain the purpose of each bundle of optical fibres in the endoscope. [2m]

Fibre bundle X …………..................................................................................................................

……………………………………………………………………………………..
.

Fibre bundle Y .................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

(iii) State the optical principle involved in the functioning of the endoscope [1m]

……………………………………………………………………………………….

( iv ) The optical fibre consists of two layers : a glass fibre with an external cladding ( a protective
covering ). What is the difference between the optical densities of these two layers ? [ 1 m ]

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

8
 9
Bahagian B [ 40 markah ]
Jawab kedua - dua soalan dalam bahagian ini

1 (a ) An airliner flies by reaction propulsion with its jet engines producing a thrust propelling it
forward.
Using a labelled diagram,show the main forces acting on an airliner flying horizontally with
uniform velocity. Explain how these forces, other than the thrust, are produced and how they
combine to maintain the constant height and constant speed of the airliner
Explain how these forces are produced and how they combine to maintain the constant height
and constant speed of the airliner. [8m]

( b ) ( i ) The value of g, the acceleration due to gravity can be determined in the school laboratory by
dropping a weight with a ticker tape attached..
Draw a diagram to represent a length of ticker tape you might expect to get as the result of such
an experiment, and show clearly how the value of g can be calculated from it. [3m]

(c) The Apollo space program to the moon used multi-stage rockets.
(i) Explain the principles of rocket propulsion
( ii ) Why were multi-stage rockets used ? [4m]

(d) (i) State the meaning of the terms ”work” and ” power ” [2m]

The front of a bus can be regarded as a flat vertical plane of area 5.0 m 2 . When the bus is
travelling at 20 ms -1 , the average pressure due to air resistance acting perpendicular to the front
of the bus is 300 N m -2 . Calculate

[1] the force, due to air resistance, acting on the front of the bus when it is travelling
at 20 m s -1 [1 m ]
[2] the power dissipated in overcoming the air resistance when the bus is travelling
at 20 m s-1 [ 2m ]

2 ( a ) The diagrams show two convex lenses made from the lens A lens B
same glass.
State which lens has the greater optical power and
explain your answer. [2m]

(b) Describe a laboratory experiment to determine,

accurately, the focal length of a convex lens based
on the lens equation 1/ f = 1/ u + 1/ v [ 10 m ]

( c ) Draw ray diagrams to show how a convex lens forms an image when the object distance is

(i) 0.7 times the focal length of the lens

( ii ) 5.0 times the focal length of the lens

In each case [1] write a description of the image, and

[2] state a particular use of the lens arranged in this way. [8m]

End of test paper

Information and formulas that may be of use

1 g = 10 ms-2 / 10 Nkg -1 5 Kinetic energy = ½ mv2 9 1 atm pressure = 760 mmHg

2 V = u + at 6 P = F / A 10 c(water) = 4200 J kg-1 o

C -1

3 F = ma 7 q = mc Ө

4 W = Fs 8 q = m L